DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Proposal for M.Tech mini / major project 2015-16

CALL FOR FINAL YEAR PROJECT TITLES (BE AND M.TECH-2014-15)

It is the time for students to propose project proposals after consultation with their
guides who will be chosen from chits. (the guides for M.Tech students have been
allotted). The schedule is as follows:
1.
2.
3.

Introduction to Project work: PG coordinator:

01/09/2015
Allotment of guides for UG students:
03/09/2015
Students may propose their tentative own mini/major project by
submitting a title with brief description in the format shown in the next
page. The students are advised to have preliminary discussion with their
guides and obtain their permission.
Last date:
30/09/2015

4.

The final project list will be displayed as soon as project selection is

completed. Students may start their project work at any time after that.
PG min Project presentation
(date will be announced
later)
PG mini Project report submission
(date will be announced
later)

5.
6.

Name of Students
Title of the Proposed Project

Objectives:

Brief Description

PG project coordinators, please circulate the soft copy to students at the earliest.
PG students are instructed to follow the guidelines of their respective guides. It is
mandatory for PG students to have a publication before their report submission. It
is a mandatory requirement for the guide to be present during their students
project presentations
HOD

Name & Signature of Guide

Date

Please return the completed form to _____________ on or before

_________

GUIDELINES

ON

PROJECT EVALUATION

A. Project progress evaluation (25% of total)

1. Preliminary

: Topic, title, Guide and Abstract. (2.5 Marks) ref to page -1

Date of submission
: Sept-15/2014
Seminar
: Yes/No
2. Progress report 1 : Background information, theory, objectives. (2.5 Marks)
Date of submission
: Sep-15/2015
Seminar
: Yes/No
3.

Progress report 2
: Project methodology or identification of
various stages of work and
division of responsibilities. (5
Marks)
Date of submission
Seminar

: 1st-2nd week OCT/2014

: Yes/No

4. Progress report 3 : Project synopsis (ref to the synopsis template-page 4) (40

Marks)
Date of submission
: Jan-30/2015
Seminar
: Yes/No
5. Progress report 4
ref to page-10
Date of submission
Seminar
6. Progress report 5
Marks) as in page -10

: Progress achieved vis a vis your project synopsis. (5 Marks)

: Feb-30/2015
: Yes/No
: Progress achieved vis a vis your project synopsis. (10

Date of submission : March-30/2015

Seminar
: Yes/No
7. Progress report 6
Marks) as in page 10
Date of submission
Seminar
8. Final report
Marks)

: Progress achieved vis a vis your project synopsis. (10

: April-20/2015
: Yes/No
: Progress achieved vis a vis your project synopsis. (25

Date of submission : May-1/2015

Seminar
: Yes/No
B. Final seminar evaluation (75% of total)
1. Self contribution : (20 Marks)
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2. Level of difficulty : (10 Marks)

3. Presentation
4. Q&A

: (20 Marks)
: (10 Marks)

5. Demo/simulation : (20 Marks)

6. Report

: (10 Marks)

7. Time Management Bonus marks: (10 marks)

Total marks = 0.25 * A + 0.75 * B
Penalty for not adhering to the format of the report:
Students are expected to download the format from the VTU web and be familiar with the
contents of a formal report. Marks may be deducted from the report component if the
report is found to contain:
Incorrect spelling of the university/institute.
Missing logo.
Incorrect font size.
Incorrect designation of the guide.
Insufficient content list with page numbers.
Non inclusion of list of figures.
Figures without captions.
Report without literature review or background work.
Equations without numbers.
Improper results and discussion.
Report without future work.
Unformatted list of references.
If the front cover and the certificate were to found to be not in accordance with the
designated format, the report will not be considered for evaluation.

PROJECT EVALUATION
Name

A(progress report)

Total
A
100

B(presentation)
Components

SCHEME

Total
B
100

Total
(0.25*A+0.7
5*B

Mark
s
1

Mark
s
1

-penalty)
100%

DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS FOR B.E./B.TECH. DISSERTATION EVALUATION

Sl.
No.

Particulars

Max. Marks

Relevance of the subject in the present context

10

Literature Survey

10

Problem formulation

10

Experimental observation / theoretical modeling

10

Results Presentation & Discussion

10

Conclusions and scope for future work

10

Overall presentation of the Thesis/Oral presentation

40

Total Marks

100

DETAILED SYNOPSIS TEMPLATE (40% OF COMPONENT A)FOR

REPORT NO 3

PROGRESS

TITLE:
Project Team Members

Guide:

I.

Summary of Proposed project (20% Marks)

{ example - this section will let the reader understand the summary of your work}
[The battery management system (BMS) is an important system in any application
involving batteries and more so in an electric vehicle. The BMS ensures proper charging
and discharging of batteries without subjecting them to conditions outside their safe
operating limits by estimating the state of charge (SOC) of batteries. The function of the
BMS is made complicated by the electrochemical nature of the battery as well as the
effects of ageing, temperature and discharge/charge rates on the SOC. All these factors
make the prediction of the SOC a very difficult task. So, a model of the battery has to be
developed to estimate the SOC from which the maximum charging and discharging
battery currents can be calculated and then conveyed to the vehicle controller which in
turn will use the information to ensure that the battery is not subjected to loads outside
its specified limits.
In this research a simulation model of a typical BMS for electric vehicles (EV) will be
developed for simulation in SIMULINK. SOC estimation is a challenging task due to the
influence of temperature, charge or discharge rate on the SOC. Among the various
techniques presented, coulomb counting method of SOC estimation is simpler but
inaccurate. So, a new SOC estimation technique will be investigated in order to improve
SOC estimation. SOC reset mechanism is to be included in the model to reset the SOC
based on the relation between open circuit voltage (OCV) and SOC. The estimation of
SOC will be made by taking into account the effects of temperature and rate of discharge.
Several parameters required for the model will be obtained by experimental data on a
sample battery. The simulated results are validated by experimental results. A complete
battery management system consisting of battery block, thermal management block,
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SOC estimation block and battery equalization block will be developed for simulation in
SIMULINK platform]

II.

Research Objectives or problem formulation (20% Marks)

{here you will state the main objectives of the project work}

[To study various types of batteries to compare different chemistries.

To design a test bed for obtaining charge and discharge cycle of batteries. The test
bed consists of data acquisition system with all the protective features to
disconnect the system in case of battery specification violations.

To compare charging and discharging characteristics of different batteries.

To develop a new SOC estimation method combing the advantage of coulomb

counting method and open circuit voltage method.

To develop the model of batteries for simulation.

To include the effect of temperature as well as charge & discharge cycle in the
model.

To develop a complete BMS model for simulation in SIMULINK

To disseminate the outcome of the research in journals/Conferences and seminars.]

III.

Background and Justification (20% Marks)

{This section highlights the previous work (form lit survey) and the few limitations which
you wish to address}
i.

Background (here you will introduce the concept and background of your project )

[Battery management system (BMS) which is an integral part of any electrical vehicle
ensures that the batteries are not subjected to conditions outside their specified safe
operating conditions. Thus the safety of the battery as well as of the passengers depends
on the design of the BMS. The typical components of a BMS are:

Battery Model

Thermal Management

SOC Estimation Block

SOC reset block

Battery Equalization Block

Batteries are the most widely used electrical energy storage devices at present in
vehicles. The chemical action inside the battery unfortunately causes internal damages
resulting in gradual reduction in the capacity of the battery to a point when the battery is
unable to sustain any load. The battery weakening process can be enhanced or delayed
simply by altering the way the battery is subjected to loading conditions. For example a
battery subjected to extreme temperature ranges or repeated charge-discharge cycles
has lower operating life than the one which is operated under favorable conditions. Also,
batteries are safe as long as they are operating within their safe operating conditions and
any violations of the limits will present a great danger to the safety of the passengers.
So, the key to safe operation and long life of a battery is to ensure that the battery is
always subjected to its safe specified operating conditions thereby keeping the battery
current under charging or discharging modes within the specified limit under all specified
temperature conditions. However, ensuring the safe operation of the battery is not
straight forward as it depends on the knowledge of the present state of the battery that
is known as state of charge (SOC). The SOC is defined as the present capacity of the
battery expressed in terms of its rated capacity. The SOC can be used to prevent
unintentional abuse of batteries thereby ensuring safety. Unfortunately, there is no direct
measurement technique using which the SOC can be measured. The SOC can only be
estimated by knowing the current, voltage, temperature and other information pertaining
to the particular battery under consideration. The estimated SOC is used to prevent the
battery from discharging large current at low SOC and to prevent charging when the SOC
is full. Thus the charging and discharging current can be programmed to be a function of
SOC thereby preventing battery damage. The coulomb counting method is one of the
popular methods for SOC estimation. Unfortunately the measurement error will be
accumulated over a period of time in this method and introduces error if no correction is
implemented. Various methods of SOC estimations are presented in the literature but
they suffer from one or more of the limitations such as, complex algorithm, simple but
inaccurate and not practical. As a result there is a scope for further work in the area of
SOC estimation to develop a method which is accurate and simple and that considers the
effect of temperature and current. The chemical reaction in the cells of a battery causes
rise in temperature which in turn affects the available capacity of the battery. So, the
temperature of the battery must be monitored and regulated to prevent damages to the
cells. A thermal management block is therefore required to regulate the battery
temperature.
A battery usually is made of number of cells in series and/or parallel combination to
meet the specified load voltage and power. The batteries in the series-parallel
combination do not charge equally because of uneven chemical composition. Hence, the
batteries in the string will not achieve full charging voltage simultaneously. Due to the
fact that overcharging of batteries is not permitted the termination of charging process is
inevitable even when some cells are partially charged. Thus cell imbalance reduces the
overall capacity of the battery string resulting in the loss of capacity. So, a system is
needed to achieve cell balancing to prevent this loss of capacity. Moreover, as the cell
ages, its capacity and the duration for which the cell is designed to support the load
decreases. So, a cell with 100% SOC may not necessarily indicate the capability of the
cell to last for its designed duration. Therefore, SOC measurement must be accompanied
by a constant monitoring of the true capacity of the cell to reflect the actual capability of
the cell to meet the variable demand from a vehicle.
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From the above discussion it is clear that, safe and efficient operation of a battery can
only be ensured when all the concerns raised about the operation and monitoring are
addressed by an independent system known as the battery management system or BMS.
A battery management system is essentially a group of integrated individual systems
that cater to a particular operation of the system. ]
ii.

Previous work or literature survey

[A general BMS architecture is presented and the function of each block is given in
[1]. A generic battery model has been developed in SIMULINK [2] in order to emulate a
real battery. However, the model does not consider error accumulation inherent to
coulomb counting method and hence not practical. In [3] the model of lithium-ion cell in
PSPICE is represented. Here the capacity of the battery is represented by a charged
capacitor whose voltage indicates the SOC of the battery. The model includes a correction
factor to quantify the degradation of the cell over time. In [4] two models of high-power
lithium-ion cell are compared for their use in hybrid vehicle simulation. Accordingly the
RC model revealed better accuracy for SOC estimation and lower voltage error compared
with ADV model. A dynamic model of Li-ion cells suitable for virtual-prototyping of
portable battery-powered systems is presented in [5]. Here the battery is treated as
whole by approximating the electrochemical and electrothermal process as uniform and
by treating the extracted parameters as bulk instead of distributed. In [6], extended
Kalman filtering technique is used for online SOC estimation. SOC determination from
EMF voltage estimation by dividing the battery voltage curve into linear and hyperbolic
regions and developing the algorithm corresponding to the different characteristic
changes is presented in [7]. There have considerable development in the area of
modeling and SOC estimation [7-14] but there is not much information available
regarding BMS in the literature. Hence it is envisaged that the research work on BMS will
benefit the future researchers who wish to pursue the field of electric vehicle.]
iii.

Impact Expectation: (this will tell the value of the project work)

[The project impact is to improve simulation of BMS through improved SOC estimation
technique. The battery equalization algorithm which is a component of BMS will also be
improved to ensure better battery utilization. A test bed, with all the necessary protective
features, to capture charge and discharge characteristics for modelling will be developed.
The improved SOC method and the new battery equalization circuit enhance the capacity
and the life of batteries used in electric vehicles (EVs).]

iv.

Methodology or Approach intended to be adopted in the execution of the Project

(20% Marks)
(here you will break your project into number of tasks and then identify subtasks
under each; tasks and sub-tasks depend on the project work. This section will help
in division of load among members)

[The methodology adopted for the successful implementation of each objective is given
below:
Activity 1: To design a test bed to capture battery characteristics
This activity could be implemented with the following sequence of operations:
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1. The casing to house batteries will be designed.

2. A battery charger will be developed to charge the battery.
3. A discharging network will be designed to capture discharge characteristics.
4. Data acquisition system will be incorporated to log the readings.

Duration for execution of this activity = 8 months (0-8)

Activity 2: Literature survey
This activity could be implemented with the following sequence of operations:
1. Survey on different types of batteries.
2. Survey on various charging methods and detection of end of charging methods.
3. Survey on available models of batteries.
4. Survey on estimation of state of charge and state of health.
5. Survey on battery management system.
Duration for execution of this activity = 8 months (0-8)
Activity 3: To carryout charge and discharge characteristics.
This activity could be implemented with the following sequence of operations:
1. Hardware and software preparation for conducting charging and discharging
experiments.
2. Preparation of testing procedure and test vectors.
3. Conduction of experiments on batteries.
Duration for execution of this activity = 4 months (8-12)
Activity 4: To implement a simple battery model in SIMULINK
This activity could be implemented with the following sequence of operations:
1. Parameter extraction.
2. Effect of temperature.
3. Study of Pukerts effect
4. Study of loss of capacity.
5. SOC algorithm.
Duration for execution of this activity = 3 months (8-11)
Activity 5: Development of SOC estimation technique
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This activity is implemented with following sequence of operations:

1. Literature survey.
2. Implementation of SOC algorithms in SIMULINK.
3. Implementation of new SOC algorithm
Duration for execution of this activity = 12 months (11-23)
Activity 6: Development of new battery equalization circuit
This activity could be implemented with the following sequence of operations:
1. Literature survey.
2. Simulation of existing battery equalization circuits to gain experience.
3. Development of new battery equalization circuit.
4. Implementation of battery equalization circuit in SIMULINK.
Duration for execution of this activity = 12 months (23-35).
Activity 7: Integration of all the components of BMS in simulink
1. Integration of battery model, thermal management block, equalization block, SOC
block in SIMULINK.
2. Simulation of the complete BMS in SIMULINK.
3. Implementation of battery equalization circuit.
4. Validation by experimental results.
Duration for execution of this objective = 13 months (35-48)]
v.

PERT Chart indicating the Milestones of Research Project (10% Marks)

PERT Chart Template

Activity Number:

Project execution phase.

Earliest Start (ES):

This field indicates earliest start time of an activity.

Earliest Finish (EF): This field indicates earliest finish time of an activity.
Latest Start (LS):

This field indicates latest start time of an activity.

Latest Finish (LF):

This field indicates latest finish time of an activity.

Duration:
and EF bounds.

This field indicates the duration taken for execution of an activity for ES

Float:
latest

This field indicates the time taken for execution of the project under
time bounds.

References: (10% Marks)

[1]

http://www.batteryuniversity.com/

[2]

www.mathworks.com

[3]

Sean Gold A PSPICe macromodel for lithium-ion batteries Battery conf. appl.
Adv.,1997, 215-222

[4]

Valerie H. Johnson,Ahmad A Pesaran and Thomas Sack Temperature-dependent

battery models for high-power lithim-ion batteries 17th Electric vehicle symposium,
Oct 2000

[5] Lijun Gao, Shengyi Liu and Roger A.D Dynamic lithium-ion battery model for
system simulation IEEE transactions components and packaging technologies, Vol.
25, No.3, Sept 2002 pp. 495-505
[6] Haifeng Dai, Zechang Sun and Xuezhe Wei Online SOC estimation of high-power
lithium-ion batteries used on HEVs using impedance, terminal voltage, and current
for lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries IEEE conf on vehicular electronics and
safetyICVES 2006, pp. 342-347
[7] Martin Coleman, Chi Kwan Lee, Chunbo Zhu et al. State-of-Charge determination
from EMF voltage estimation: using impedance, terminal voltage, and current for
lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries IEEE transactions on Industrial electronics, Vol.
54, No.5, Oct 2007 pp. 2550-2557
[8]
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www.smartguage.co.uk

[9] Chan, C.C., The Present Status and Future Trends of Electric Vehicles Science &
Technology Review, Vol. 23, No. 4, Feb 2005
[10] Bi Dao-zhi, Development of batteries for hybrid electric vehicles Chinese Battery
Industry, Vol. 12, No. 4, Aug 2007
[11] Plett G L. Kalman-Filter SOC Estimation for LiPB HEV Cells[A]. Proceedings of the 19th
International Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium & Exhibition
(EVS19) [C]. Busan, Korea, 2002:527538
[12] Plett G L. Extended Kalman filtering for battery management systems of LiPB-based
HEV battery packs. Part1 background [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2004,134:252
261
[13] Plett G L. Extended Kalman filtering for battery management systems of LiPB-based
HEV battery packs. Part 2. Modeling and identification [J], Journal of Power Sources,
2004,134 (2): 262276
[14] Plett G L. Extended Kalman filtering for battery management systems of LiPB-based
HEV battery packs. Part 3. State and parameter estimation [J]. Power Sources,
2004,134 (2): 277292

PROGRESS REPORT
Title:
Progress report No:
Name:
Guide:
Duration of the report: From--/--/201 To --/--/20-Submission Date:

Activities Planned

Activities Accomplished

11

Relation of the accomplished tasks with the set objectives

Activities Planned for Next two Weeks

-

Problems Encountered
-.

My Contributions

Signature of Student

Signature of Guide

12

OTHER USEFUL INFO

WRITE THE SUMMARY / ABSTRACT (SOURCE:

HTTP :// WWW.MONASH .EDU.AU/ LLS / HDR /WRITE /5.11.HTML )
The thesis abstract or summary is what will be read first, to give an indication of the parameters of the study, its
depth and breadth, its context and the scholarly contribution it makes. It may be the basis on which a prospective
examiner agrees (or not!) to examine your thesis. It is important that it is written in a concise and focussed manner
so that it identifies the salient features of the research, the problem or research question, the approach adopted,
and its findings. In general the thesis abstract is about 300 words.
Although you may have written an abstract as a 'thinking tool' earlier in your writing process, you need to write
the final version after you have completed the thesis so that you have a good understanding of the findings and
can clearly explain your contribution to the field.
The written abstract demonstrates your ability to appreciate and communicate an overview of the project. Since
this is the first impression that your reader will get, it is important to spend time ensuring that this summary of
your work is well written and provides only the important information in an informative, interesting and succinct
manner.
AN

APPROACH TO WRITING A THESIS ABSTRACT

Begin by identifying in a sentence the main purpose of the thesis.

Then write answers to each of these questions:
1. What is the problem or question that the work addresses?
2. Why is it important?
3. How was the investigation undertaken?

13

4. What was found and what does it mean?

You should find the answers to questions 1 and 2 in your Introduction; the answer to question 3 will be a summary
of your Methods; and the answer to question 4 will summarise your Results, Discussion and Conclusion.

14