9/9/2015

ParkingAnalysis(Theory):TrafficEngineeringLaboratory:CivilEngineering:IITBombayVirtualLab

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Parking is one of the major problems that is created by the increasing road traffic. It is an impact of transport
development.Theavailabilityoflessspaceinurbanareashasincreasedthedemandforparkingspaceespeciallyin
areaslikeCentralbusinessdistrict.Thisaffectsthemodechoicealso.Thishasagreateconomicalimpact.
Beforetakinganymeasuresforthebettermentofconditions,dataregardingavailabilityofparkingspace,extentof
itsusageandparkingdemandisessential.Itisalsorequiredtoestimatetheparkingfaresalso.Parkingsurveys
areintendedtoprovidealltheseinformation.Sincethedurationofparkingvarieswithdifferentvehicles,several
statisticsareusedtoaccesstheparkingneed.

Parkingstatistics

Parkingaccumulation:Itisdefinedasthenumberofvehiclesparkedatagiveninstantoftime.Normallythisis

expressed by accumulation curve. Accumulation curve is the graph obtained by plotting the number of bays
occupiedwithrespecttotime.

Parkingvolume :Parkingvolumeisthetotalnumberofvehiclesparkedatagivendurationoftime.Thisdoesnot
accountforrepetitionofvehicles.Theactualvolumeofvehiclesenteredintheareaisrecorded.

Parking load : Parking load gives the area under the accumulation curve. It can also be obtained by simply
multiplying the number of vehicles occupying the parking area at each time interval with the time interval. It is
expressedasvehiclehours.

Averageparkingduration:Itistheratiooftotalvehiclehourstothenumberofvehiclesparked.

Parking turnover: It is the ratio of number of vehicles parked in a duration to the number of parking bays
available.
Thiscanbeexpressedasnumberofvehiclesperbaypertimeduration.

Parkingindex: Parking index is also called occupancy or efficiency. It is defined as the ratio of number of bays
occupied in a time duration to the total space available. It gives an aggregate measure of how effectively the
parkingspaceisutilized.Parkingindexcanbefoundoutasfollows

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(1)
Toillustratethevariousmeasures,considerasmallexampleinfigure1,whichshowsthedurationforwhicheachof
thebaysareoccupied(shadedportion).Nowtheaccumulationgraphcanbeplottedbysimplynotingthenumberof
baysoccupiedattimeintervalof15,30,45etc.minutesiasshowninthefigure.

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Figure1:Parkingbaysandaccumulationcurve

Thevariousmeasuresarecalculatedasshownbelow:
Parkingvolume=5vehicles.
Parkingload=(1+2+1+0+1+2+3+1) = =
Averageparkingduration=
Parkingturnover=
Parkingindex=

vehhour.

minutes.

veh/hr/bay.

Licenseplatemethodofsurvey:
This results in the most accurate and realistic data. In this case of survey, every parking stall is monitored at a
continuous interval of 15 minutes or so and the license plate number is noted down. This will give the data
regardingthedurationforwhichaparticularvehiclewasusingtheparkingbay.Thiswillhelpincalculatingthefare
becausefareisestimatedbasedonthedurationforwhichthevehiclewasparked.Ifthetimeintervalisshorter,
thentherearelesschancesofmissingshorttermparkers.Butthismethodisverylaborintensive.

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9/9/2015

ParkingAnalysis(Theory):TrafficEngineeringLaboratory:CivilEngineering:IITBombayVirtualLab

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