Young CAT2e SSM Ch8 Part1

CHAPTER 8
Section 8.1 Solutions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. SSA

3. SSS
5. ASA
7. Observe that:
= 180D ( 45D + 60D ) = 75D
(10m ) ( sin 60
sin sin
sin 45 sin 60
=
=
b=
a
b
10 m
b
sin 45D
D
)=
(10m )
2
2
12.2 m
(10m ) ( sin 75D )

sin sin
sin 45D sin 75D
=
=
c=
13.66 m
10 m
sin 45D
a
c
c
9. Observe that:
= 180D ( 46D + 72D ) = 62D
( 200 cm ) ( sin 46 )
sin sin
sin 46D sin 62D
=
=
a=
163cm
200 cm
sin 62D
a
b
a
( 200 cm ) ( sin 72D )
sin sin
sin 62D sin 72D
=
=
c=
215cm
200 cm
sin 62D
b
c
c
11. Observe that:
= 180D (16.3D + 47.6D ) = 116.1D
D
( 211 yd.) ( sin16.3

sin sin
sin16.3D sin 47.6D
=
=
a=
a
c
a
211 yd.
sin 47.6D
) 80.2 yd.
( 211 yd.) ( sin116.1D )

sin sin
sin116.1D sin 47.6D
=
=
b=
256.6 yd.
b
c
b
211 yd.
sin 47.6D
13. Observe that:
= 180D ( 30D + 30D ) = 120D
(12m ) ( sin 30 )
sin sin
sin 30D sin120D
=
=
a=
7m
12 m
sin120D
a
c
a
(12m ) ( sin 30D )
sin sin
sin 30D sin120D
=
=
b=
7m
12 m
sin120D
b
c
b
D
543
Chapter 8
15. Observe that:

= 180D ( 26D + 57D ) = 97D
(100 yd.) ( sin 97

sin sin
sin 97D sin 57D
=
=
a=
a
c
a
100 yd.
sin 57D
) 118 yd.
(100 yd.) ( sin 26

sin sin
sin 26D sin 57D
=
=
b=
b
c
b
100 yd.
sin 57D
17. Step 1: Determine .
) 52 yd.
5sin16D
sin sin
sin16D sin
5sin16D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
20
a
b
4
5
4
4
This is the solution in QI label it as 1 . The second solution in QII is given by
2 = 180D 1 160D . Both are tenable solutions, so we need to solve for two triangles.
Step 2: Solve for both triangles.
QI triangle: 1 20D
1 180D (16D + 20D ) = 144D

sin sin 1
sin16D sin144D
4sin144D
=
=
c1 =
9
4
sin16D
a
c1
c1
QII triangle: 2 160D
2 180D (16D + 160D ) = 4D
sin sin 2
sin16D sin 4D
4sin 4D
=
=
c2 =
1
4
sin16D
a
c2
c2
sin sin
sin 40D sin
=
=
sin = sin 40D = 40D
12
12
c
a
Note that there is only one triangle in this case since the angle in QII with the same sine as
this value of is 180D 40D = 140D . In such case, note that + = 180D , therefore
preventing the formation of a triangle (since the three interior angles, two of which are
and , must sum to 180D - this would only occur if the third angle = 0 , in which case
there is no triangle).
Step 2: Solve for the triangle.
180D ( 40D + 40D ) = 100D
sin sin
sin 40D sin100D
12sin100D
=
=
b=
18
12
sin 40D
c
b
b
544
Section 8.1

21sin100D
sin sin
sin sin100D
21sin100D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
,
a
b
21
14
14
14
which does not exist. Hence, there is no triangle in this case.

18 ( 12 )
sin sin
sin 30D sin
=
=
sin =
= 1 = sin 1 (1) = 90D .
a
b
9
18
9
Step 2: Solve the triangle.

180D ( 90D + 30D ) = 60D
sin 30D sin 60D
9sin 60D
=
c=
= 9 3 16
9
sin 30D
c
25. First, note that there is only one triangle since a b and 0 < sin < 1 .
Step 1: Determine .
7 sin 34D
sin sin
7 sin 34D
D
=
sin =
= sin 1
23
a
b
10
10
180D 34D + 23D = 123D
sin sin
sin 34D sin123D
10sin123D
=
=
c=
15
10
sin 34D
a
c
c
545
Chapter 8
27. First, note that we expect two triangles since is acute and a < b.
Step 1: Determine .
6.18sin 21.3D
sin sin
sin 21.3D sin
6.18sin 21.3D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
21.9
a
b
6.03
6.18
6.03
6.03
2 = 180D 1 158.1D . Both are tenable solutions, so we need to solve for two triangles.
QI triangle: 1 21.9D
1 180D ( 21.3D + 21.9D ) = 136.8D

sin sin 1
sin 21.3D sin136.8D
6.03sin136.8
=
=
c1 =
11.36
a
c1
c1
6.03
sin 21.3D
QII triangle: 2 158.1D
2 180D ( 21.3D + 158.1D ) = 0.6D
sin sin 2
sin 21.3D sin 0.6D
6.03sin 0.6D
=
=
c2 =
0.17
a
c2
c2
6.03
sin 21.3D
29. First, note that we expect only one triangle since is obtuse and a > b.
Step 1: Determine .
sin sin
4 3 sin116D
=
sin =
0.880635 62D
a
b
5 2
180D 116D + 62D = 2D
sin sin
sin116D sin 2D
5 2 sin 38D
=
=
c=
0.275
sin116D
a
c
c
5 2
546
Section 8.1

500sin 40D
sin sin
sin 40D sin
500sin 40D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
77
c
b
330
500
330
330
2 = 180D 1 103D . Both are tenable solutions, so we need to solve for two triangles.
QI triangle: 1 77D
1 180D ( 77D + 40D ) = 63D
sin 1 sin
sin 63D sin 40D
330 sin 63D
=
=
a1 =
457
a1
c
a1
330
sin 40D
QII triangle: 2 103D
2 180D (103D + 40D ) = 37D

sin 2 sin
sin 37D sin 40D
330sin 37D
=
=
a2 =
309
a2
c
a2
330
sin 40D

2 sin106D
sin sin
sin sin106D
2 sin106D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
31
a
b
2
7
7
7
Note that there is only one triangle in this case since the angle in QII with the same sine as
this value of is 180D 31D = 149D . In such case, note that + > 180D , therefore
and , must sum to 180D ).
180D ( 31D + 106D ) = 43D
sin sin
sin 43D sin106D
7 sin 43D
=
=
c=
2
sin106D
c
b
c
7
547
Chapter 8
35. Consider the following diagram:
First, using the properties of corresponding

and supplementary angles, we see that
= 80D . As such, the information provided
yields an AAS triangle. So, we use Law of
Sines to solve the triangle:
= 180D ( 9D + 80D ) = 91D
9D
sin 9D sin 91D

=
w
195
195 ( sin 91D )
w=
1, 246 ft.
sin 9D
20.5D
25.5D
We need to determine H. To this end, first observe that = 154.5D , and so

= 180D ( 20.5D + 154.5D ) = 5D . So, the information provided yields an AAS situation for
triangle T1. So, use Law of Sines to find x:
sin 20.5D sin 5D

sin 20.5D
=
x=
4.01818 mi.
x
1 mi.
sin 5D
Now, to find H, we turn our focus to triangle T2. Again, from the information we have,
the situation is AAS, so we use Law of Sines to find H:
sin 90D sin 25.5D
1
sin 25.5D
=
=
x
H
4.01818
H
D
so that H 4.01818 ( sin 25.5 ) 1.7 mi.
548
Section 8.1
30D
100D
We seek x. To this end, first note that = 50D . So, the information provided yields an
AAS situation for triangle T1. So, we use Law of Sines to find x:
1 mi.) sin100D
(
sin100D sin 50D
=
x=
1.3mi.
x
1 mi.
sin 50D
100D
15D
65D
We seek x. The information provided yields an AAS situation for triangle T1. So, we use
Law of Sines to find x:
100 ft.) sin15D
(
sin15D sin100D
=
x=
26 ft.
x
100 ft.
sin100D
549
Chapter 8
Using the Law of Sines yields

sin 41D sin104D
=
PR
400
400sin 41D
PR =
270 ft.
sin104D
104D
35D
41D
56D

sin sin 56D
20.3sin 56D
=
sin =
20.3
19.4
19.4
D
20.3sin 56
D
= sin 1
60.169
19.4
So,
= 180D ( 56D + 60.169D ) = 63.83D
550
Section 8.1
They travel the same distance since the

triangle is isosceles. To find this distance,
first note that = 180D 2 84D = 12D . So,
( )
84D
84D
72D
using the Law of Sines yields

sin12D sin 84D
=
A
16
16sin 84D
A=
76.5 ft.
sin12D

sin 92D sin 72D
=
A
63.2
63.2sin 72D
A=
60.14 ft.
sin 92D
16D
51. The value of is incorrect. Should be sin =

53. False. It applies to all triangles.
57. True
First, note that = 180D 72D + 16D = 92D .
9sin120D
.
7
55. True. By definition of oblique.
551
Chapter 8
( a + b ) sin
= c cos ( )
2
2
Proof: First, note that the given equality is equivalent to:

1
cos ( )
+
a
b
(
) = 2
c

sin
2
We shall start with the right-side, and we will need the following identities:
+

sin + sin = 2sin
(1)
cos
2
2

sin = sin 2 = 2sin cos
(2)
2
2
2
Indeed, observe that
59. Claim:
a + b a b sin sin sin + sin

= + =
+
=
sin
c
c c sin sin
+

2sin
cos
2 (by (1))
=
sin

2sin
cos
2
2 (by (2))
=

2sin cos
2
2
Now, since + + = , it follows that
. As such,
2
+

sin
= sin = cos (3).
2
2 2
2
Using (3) in the last line of the above string of equalities then yields

+

2sin
cos
2
2

2sin cos
2
2
2 cos 2 cos 2 cos
=
2 ,
=

sin
2 sin cos
2
2
2
as desired.
61. Observe that since all sides have the same lengths, the Law of Sines yields
sin sin sin
,
=
=
a
a
a
from which we immediately conclude that = = since the angles must sum to 180D
and none of them can be obtuse.
552
Section 8.1
63. The following steps constitute the

program in this case:

Program: AYZ
:Input SIDE A =, A
:Input ANGLE Y =, Y
:Input ANGLE Z =, Z
:180-Y-Z X
:Asin(Y)/sin(X) B
:Asin(Z)/sin(X) C
:Disp ANGLE X = , X
:Disp SIDE B = , B
:Disp SIDE C =, C
Program: ABX
:Input SIDE A =, A
:Input SIDE B =, B
:Input ANGLE X =, X
:sin-1(Bsin(X)/A) Y
:180-Y-X Z
:Asin(Z)/sin(X) C
:Disp ANGLE Y = , Y
:Disp ANGLE Z = , Z
:Disp SIDE C =, C
Now, in order to use this program to solve

the given triangle, EXECUTE it and enter
the following data at the prompts:
SIDE A = 10
ANGLE Y = 45
ANGLE Z = 65

SIDE A = 22
SIDE B = 17
ANGLE X = 105
Now, the program will display the
following information that solves the
triangle:
ANGLE Y = 48.27925113
ANGLE Z = 26.72074887
SIDE C = 10.24109154

triangle:
ANGLE X = 70
SIDE B = 7.524873193
SIDE C = 9.64472602
553
Chapter 8

Program: ACX
:Input SIDE A =, A
:Input SIDE C =, C
:Input ANGLE X =, X
:sin-1(Csin(X)/A) Y
:180-Y-X Z
:Asin(Z)/sin(X) B
:Disp ANGLE Y = , Y
:Disp ANGLE Z = , Z
:Disp SIDE B =, B
SIDE A = 25.7
SIDE C = 12.2
ANGLE X = 65
triangle:
ANGLE Y = 25.48227
ANGLE Z = 89.51773
SIDE C = 28.35581
Section 8.2 Solutions -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. C

3. S
5. S
7. C
9. This is SAS, so begin by using Law of Cosines:
Step 1: Find b.
2
2
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2ac cos = ( 4 ) + ( 3) 2 ( 4 )( 3) cos (100D ) = 25 24 cos (100D )
b 5.4 5
Step 2: Find .
3sin100D
sin sin
sin100D sin
3sin100D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
33
b
c
5
3
5
5
Step 3: Find : 180D ( 33D + 100D ) = 47D
554
Section 8.2

Step 1: Find a.
2
2
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos = ( 7 ) + ( 2 ) 2 ( 7 )( 2 ) cos (16D ) = 53 28cos (16D )
a 5.107 5
Step 2: Find .
2sin16D D
sin sin
sin16D sin
2sin16D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
6
a
c
5.107
2
5.107
5.107
Step 3: Find .
180D ( 6D + 16D ) = 158D

Step 1: Find a.
2
2
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos = ( 5 ) + ( 5 ) 2 ( 5 )( 5 ) cos ( 20D ) = 50 50 cos ( 20D )
a 1.736 2
Step 2: Find .
5sin 20D
sin sin
sin 20D sin
5sin 20D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
80
1.736
5
1.736
a
b
1.736
Step 3: Find .
180D ( 80D + 20D ) = 80D

Step 1: Find b.
2
2
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2ac cos = ( 9 ) + (12 ) 2 ( 9 )(12 ) cos ( 23D ) = 225 216 cos ( 23D )
b 5.1158 5
Step 2: Find .
9sin 23D
sin sin
sin 23D sin
9sin 23D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
43
b
a
5.1158
9
5.1158
5.1158
Step 3: Find .
180D ( 43D + 23D ) = 114D
555
Chapter 8

Step 1: Find b.
2
2
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2ac cos = ( 4 ) + ( 8 ) 2 ( 4 )( 8 ) cos ( 60D ) = 80 64 cos ( 60D )
b 6.9282 7
Step 2: Find .
D
sin sin
sin 60D sin
4sin 60D
1 4sin 60
D
=
=
sin =
= sin
30
6.9282
4
6.9282
b
a
6.9282
Step 3: Find .
180D ( 30D + 60D ) = 90D
19. This is SSS, so begin by using Law of Cosines:

Step 1: Find the largest angle (i.e., the one opposite the longest side). Here, it is .
2
2
2
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos ( 8 ) = ( 5 ) + ( 6 ) 2 ( 5 )( 6 ) cos 64 = 61 60 cos
3
3
so that = cos 1 92.86D 93D .
60
60
Step 2: Find either of the remaining two angles using the Law of Sines.
5sin 92.866D
sin sin
sin 92.866D sin
5sin 92.866D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
39
Thus, cos =
Step 3: Find the third angle.

180D ( 93D + 39D ) = 48D
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos
( 5)
= ( 4 ) + ( 4 ) 2 ( 4 )( 4 ) cos 25 = 32 32 cos
2
7
7
so that = cos 1 77D .
32
32
4sin 77.364D
sin sin
sin 77.364D sin
4sin 77.364D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
51.32
Thus, cos =

180D ( 77.36D + 51.32D ) 51D
556
Section 8.2

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos
( 8.2 )
= ( 7.1) + ( 6.3) 2 ( 7.1)( 6.3) cos 67.24 = 90.1 89.46 cos

2
22.86
22.86
D
D
so that = cos 1
75.19 75 .
89.46
89.46
7.1sin 75.19D
sin sin
sin 75.19D sin
7.1sin 75.19D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
57
Thus, cos =
8.2
7.1
8.2
8.2

180D ( 75D + 57D ) = 48D
25. Since a + b = 9 >10 = c , there can be no triangle in this case.
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos (13) = (12 ) + ( 5 ) 2 (12 )( 5 ) cos 0 = 120 cos
2
Thus, cos = 0 so that = cos 1 ( 0 ) = 90D .

5sin 90D
sin sin
sin 90D sin
5sin 90D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
23
c
13
13

180D ( 90 + 23D ) = 67D
29. This is AAS, so begin by using Law of Sines:
= 180D ( 40D + 35D ) = 105D
( 6 ) ( sin 35 )
sin sin
sin 35D sin 40D
=
=
b=
5.354 5
a
b
b
6
sin 40D
( 6 ) ( sin105D )
sin sin
sin 40D sin105D
=
=
c=
9
a
c
c
6
sin 40D
D
557
13
Chapter 8
31. This is SSA, so begin by using Law of Sines:

Step 1: Determine .
5sin 31D
sin sin
sin 31D sin
5sin 31D
D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
12.392 12
a
b
12
5
12
12
Note that there is only one triangle in this case since the angle in QII with the same sine
as this value of is 180D 12D = 168D . In such case, note that + > 180D , therefore
and , must sum to180D ).
180D (12D + 31D ) = 137D
sin sin
sin137D sin 31D
12sin137D
=
=
c=
16
c
a
c
12
sin 31D
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2ac cos
( 8) = ( 7 ) + ( 3)
2
( 7 )( 3 ) cos
2 = 2 21 cos
1
1
D
D
so that = cos 1
77.396 77 .
21
21
Thus, cos =
7 sin 77.396D
sin sin
sin sin 77.396D
7 sin 77.396D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
66
a
b
7
8
8
8

180D ( 77D + 66D ) = 37D
558
Section 8.2
35. This is SSA, so begin by using Law of Sines:

Step 1: Determine .
2sin10D
sin sin
sin sin10D
2sin10D
D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
1.809 2
c
b
2
11
11
11
Note that there is only one triangle in this case since the angle in QII with the same sine
as this value of is 180D 2D = 178D . In such case, note that + > 180D , therefore
and , must sum to 180D ).
180D ( 2D + 10D ) = 168D
sin sin
sin168D sin10D
11sin168D
=
=
a=
13
a
b
a
11
sin10D
Step 1: Find b.
2
2
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2ac cos = ( 485 ) + ( 715 ) 2 ( 485 )( 715 ) cos ( 51.62D ) 124.5248631
b 11.16
Step 2: Find .
sin sin
sin 51.62D sin
=
=
sin =
71
b
c
11.156
5
Step 3: Find .
180D ( 85.91D + 51.62D ) = 40.40D
71
71 sin 51.62D
sin 51.62D
D
= sin 1 5
85.91
11.156
11.156

c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos ( 24.12 ) = (18.21) + ( 21.30 ) 2 (18.21)( 21.30 ) cos
203.5197 = 775.746 cos
2
Thus, cos 0.2623535 so that = cos 1 ( 0.2623535 ) 74.79D .

18.21sin 74.79D
sin sin
sin sin 74.79D
18.21sin 74.79D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
46.76
a
c
18.21
24.12
24.12
24.12

180D ( 74.79D + 46.76D ) = 58.45D
559
Chapter 8

Step 1: Find a.
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos =
( ) +( )
5 2
7
3 2
5
( )( ) cos ( 71.213D ) 1.188320908

5 2
7
3 2
5
a 1.090
Step 2: Find .
sin sin
sin sin 71.213D
=
5 2 =
sin =
b
a
1.090
7
Step 3: Find .
180D ( 71.213D + 61.33D ) 47D
5 2
7
5 2 sin 71.213D
sin 71.213D
D
= sin 1 7
61
1.090
1.090
150D
Let x = distance between Plane 1 and Plane 2 after 3 hours. In order to determine the
value of x, we apply the Law of Cosines as follows:
x 2 = 15002 + 13052 2(1500)(1305) cos150D
x = 7,343,514.456 2710 mi.
Hence, the distance between the two planes after 3 hours is approximately 2, 710 mi. .
45. Let P1 be the position of plane 1, P2 be the position of plane 2, and = 65D the angle
between OP1 and OP2 (where O is the origin). Since distance = rate * time, the length of
OP1 is 1375 miles and the length of OP2 is 875 miles. Using the Law of Cosines yields
2
( P1P2 ) = 13752 + 8752 2(1375)(875) cos 65D
P1 P2 1280
So, the planes are approximately 1,280 miles apart after 2.5 hours.
560
Section 8.2
42.2D
Since the segment connecting the Pitchers mound to Home Base lies on the diagonal of
the square (connecting home base to second base), we know that = 45D (since diagonals
bisect the angles made at their respective vertices). We use the Law of Cosines to find x:
x 2 = 902 + 60.52 2(90)(60.5) cos 45D so that x 63.7 ft.
So, the Pitchers mound is approximately 63.7 ft. from Third Base.
40D
125D
55 D
Let x = length of the window. First, observe that 180D ( 40D + 125D ) = 15D .
So,
sin15D sin 40D

40sin15D
=
x=
16 ft. .
x
40 ft.
sin 40D
561
Chapter 8

60D
50D
70D
Let x = distance from Pegs house to school. Then, we obtain

sin 50D sin 70D
=
x
1 mi.
x=
(1 mi.) sin 50D

sin 70D
0.8 mi.
First, note that the right triangle at the top

of the diagram has legs of lengths 30 feet
and 40 feet. Hence, by the Pythagorean
theorem, the zipline has length 50 feet.
Next, find b using the Law of Cosines:
b 2 = 502 + 1202 2(50)(120) cos 50D
b 95.85
Now, use the Law of Sines to find :
50sin 50D
sin sin 50D
=
= sin 1
50
95.85
95.85
21.67D
562
Section 8.2
First, using the Law of Cosines yields

QR 2 = 7 2 + 12 2(7)(1) cos 25D
QR 6.108 ft.
Hence, using the Law of Sines, we obtain

sin sin 25D
=
7
6.108
7 sin 25D
D
= sin 1
151.03
6.108
Since the angles of a triangle must sum to

180D , we see that = 3.97D .
25D
First, by the Law of Cosines, we see that

2
632 = 62.82 + ( 127 ) 2(62.8) ( 127 ) cos 70.1987D .
So, by the Law of Sines, we have
sin sin 70.1987D
=
50D
7
63
12
563
Chapter 8
Using the Law of Cosines yields

6502 = 4802 + 5002 2(480)(500) cos
83.07D
61. Should have used the smaller angle in Step 2.

63. False. Can use Law of Cosines to solve any such triangle.
65. True. By the Law of Cosines,
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos
90D = a 2 + b 2

=0
So, the Pythagorean Theorem is a special case of the Law of Cosines.

180D
67. True. Each of the other two angles are

. If you have the length of the side
2
adjacent to the angle (and hence opposite one of the two congruent sides), then you
have the other side as well since the triangle is isosceles. Hence, by SAS, you can apply
the Law of Cosines.
564
Section 8.2
cos cos cos a 2 + b 2 + c 2

+
+
=
2abc
a
b
c
Proof: First, observe that the left-side simplifies to:
cos cos cos bc cos + ac cos + ab cos
(1).
+
+
=
a
b
c
abc
Next, note that the Law of Cosines yields the following three identities:
a 2 ( b2 + c2 )
b2 ( a 2 + c2 )
c 2 ( a 2 + b2 )
bc cos =
, ac cos =
, ab cos =
2
2
2
Now, substituting these into the right-side of (1) yields:
cos cos cos bc cos + ac cos + ab cos
+
+
=
a
b
c
abc
2
2
2
a b c ) + ( b2 a 2 c 2 ) + ( c 2 a 2 b2 )
(
=
2abc
2
2
2
2
a +b +c
a + b2 + c 2
=
=
2abc
2abc
69. Claim:
565
Chapter 8
Observe that since 2 + X = 180D , we know that = 1802 X . By the Law of Cosines, we
have
D
a 2 = a 2 + ( a2 ) 2a ( a2 ) cos
2
Hence,
1
4
= cos
cos 1 ( 14 ) = 1802 X
a4 = a 2 cos
2
= cos 1 ( 14 )
X = 180D 2 cos 1 ( 14 ) .
So, we now have

cos (
X
2
1 + cos 180D 2 cos 1 ( 14 )

1 + cos X
=
=
)=
2
2
566
1 cos 2 cos 1 ( 14 )
2
Section 8.2
73. The following steps constitute the program in this
case:
Program: BCX
:Input SIDE B =, B
:Input SIDE C =, C
:Input ANGLE X =, X
:
(B2+C2-2BCcos(X)) A
-1
:sin (Bsin(X)/A) Y
:180-Y-X Z
:Disp SIDE A = , A
:Disp ANGLE Y = , Y
:Disp ANGLE Z =, Z
75. The following steps constitute the program:

Program: ABC
:Input SIDE A =, A
:Input SIDE B =, B
:Input SIDE C =, C
:cos-1((B2+C2-A2)/(2BC)) X
: cos-1((A2+C2-B2)/(2AC)) Y
:180-Y-X Z
:Disp ANGLE X = , X
:Disp ANGLE Y = , Y
:Disp ANGLE Z =, Z
Now, in order to use this program to solve the
given triangle, EXECUTE it and enter the
following data at the prompts:
SIDE A = 29.8
SIDE B = 37.6
SIDE C = 53.2
Now, the program will display the following
information that solves the triangle:
ANGLE X = 32.98051035
ANGLE Y = 43.38013581
ANGLE Z = 103.6393538
Now, in order to use this program to solve the given

triangle, EXECUTE it and enter the following data at
the prompts:
SIDE B = 45
SIDE C = 57
ANGLE X = 43
information that solves the triangle:
SIDE A = 39.01481143
ANGLE Y = 51.87098421
ANGLE Z = 85.12901579
77. The following steps constitute the program:
Program: ABX
:Input SIDE A =, A
:Input SIDE B =, B
:Input ANGLE X =, X
:
(A2+B2-2ABcos(X)) C
:sin-1(Asin(X)/C) Y
:180-Y-X Z
:Disp SIDE C = , C
:Disp ANGLE Y = , Y
:Disp ANGLE Z =, Z
Now, in order to use this program to solve the given triangle, EXECUTE it and enter the following data at
the prompts:
SIDE A = 12
SIDE B =
21
ANGLE X = 43
Now, the program will display the following information that solves the triangle:
SIDE C =
ANGLE Y =
ANGLE Z =
567
Chapter 8
Section 8.3 Solutions -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

1
1. A = ( 8 )(16 ) sin 60D 55.4
3. A = (1) 2 sin 45D 0.5
2
2
1
1
5. A = ( 6 )( 8 ) sin 80D 23.6
7. A = ( 4 )( 7 ) sin 27D 6.4
2
2
1
1
9. A = (100 )(150 ) sin 36D 4, 408.4
11. A =
5 5 5 sin 50D 9.6
2
2
a + b + c 45
13. First, observe that s =
=
= 22.5 . So, the area is given by
2
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c ) = ( 22.5 )( 7.5 )( 7.5 )( 7.5 ) 97.4
( )
( )(
a + b + c 17 + 51
. So, the area is given by
=
2
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c )
17 + 51 17 + 51
17 + 51
17 + 51
7
51
10
=
25.0
2
2
2
2
a + b + c 25
=
2
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c ) = (12.5 )( 6.5 )( 2.5 )( 3.5 ) 26.7
a+b+c
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c ) = ( 25.05 )(10.75 )( 9.35 )( 4.95 ) 111.64
a+b+c
= 24, 600 . So, the area is given by
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c ) = ( 24, 600 )(10, 600 )( 8,100 )( 5,900 ) 111, 632, 076
23. Observe that the sum of the lengths of the shortest two sides is 155, which does not
exceed the length of the third side. Hence, there is no triangle in this case.
1
1
25. A = 2 3 5 3 sin 61.23D 13.15
27. A = ( 863 )( 514 ) sin 73D 174.76
2
2
)(
568
Section 8.3
a + b + c 5.61 + 6.61 + 4.31

=
2
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c )
5.61 + 6.61 + 4.31 5.61 + 6.61 + 4.31
5.61 + 6.61 + 4.31
5.61 + 6.61 + 4.31
=
5.61
6.61
4.31
2
2
2
2
11.98
a+b+c
=
2
63
8
+ 507 + 509
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c )
63 + 50 + 50 63 + 50 + 50 63 63 + 50 + 50 50
= 8 7 9 8 7 9 8 7 9
2
2
8
2
7
63
8
+ 507 + 509 50
19.21
2
9
a+b+c
= 1, 277 . So, the area is given by
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c ) = (1, 277 )( 427 )( 467 )( 383) 312, 297 sq. nm.
a+b+c
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c ) = ( 237.5 )( 77.5 )( 97.5 )( 62.5 ) 10,591 sq. ft.
37. We need to determine such that 1000 =
sin =
1
( 60 )(120 ) sin . This is equivalent to
2
1000
1000
D
so that = sin 1
16 . Since there are TWO triangles in this case,
3600
3600
we note that the other one yields = 164D .

a+b+c
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c ) = ( 44.6 )( 22.1)(16.5 )( 6 ) 312.4 sq. mi.
569
Chapter 8
41. Consider an equilateral triangle T each of whose sides has a length of x. We wish to
2
9
determine x such that Area(T) = in.2 . To this end, observe that
2
x+x+x 3
s=
= x . So, the area is given by
2
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c ) =
3 3
3 1
3 4
3 2
x x x =
x x =
x =
x .
2 2
2 2
16
4
So, we need to solve the following equation:
3 2 81
x =
4
4
81 4
Indeed, observe that x 2 =
so that x 12 in.
4 3
43. Let T be a triangle with sides 200 ft., 260 ft., and included angle 65D .
The area of the parallelogram is equal to 2 area of T.
1
Note that area of T = ( 200 )( 260 ) sin 65D 23,564 sq. ft.
2
So, the area of the parallelogram is approximately 47,128 sq. ft.
45. First, note that a regular hexagon can be dissected into 6 congruent equilateral triangles
180D ( 6 2 )
this is the case since =
= 120D , and diagonals bisect the interior angles,
6
thereby making two of the three angles in each of the triangles equal to 60D .
As such, area of a regular hexagon = 6 area of one these triangles.
To find the area of one these triangles, we apply Herons formula.
3+3+3
3
Observe that s =
= 4.5 and so, area A = 4.5 ( 4.5 3) = 3.897 sq. ft.
2
Thus, the area of the regular hexagon is 6 ( 3.897 sq. ft.) = 23.38 sq. ft. .
570
Section 8.3
We compute the area of the three disjoint

triangles separately:
Area of +Q2 PQ1 = 12 (6)(8) sin 30D
Area of +Q3Q2 P = 12 (8)(6) sin 70D
Area of +Q2Q3Q1 = 12 (8)(9) sin 25D
Summing these areas yields the area of the
outer triangle + PQ1Q3 as approximately
49.77 square units. This does not equal the
area of the outer triangle, which is about
35.5 sq. units.
The reason these arent equal is because the
outer triangle cannot exist as drawn. .
135D
First, note that

Area of + ABC = 12 (2)(3) sin135D 2.1213 .
Next, in order to find R, we apply the Law of
Cosines:
R 2 = 22 + 32 2(2)(3) cos135D 21.48528
R 4.63522
Now, in order to find the area of ACD ,
observe that
a + b + c 5 + 7 + 4.63522
s=
= 8.31761 .
2
2
Thus, the area of ACD is given by
A = s ( s 4 )( s 5 )( s 4.63522 ) 8.73 .
Hence, the area of the entire quadrilateral is

approximately 10.86 square units.
51. The semiperimeter is half the perimeter, namely s =
a+b+c
.
2
53. True. The formula works for all triangles.

55. True. This follows directly from Henons formula for area of a triangle.
571
Chapter 8
57. False. A square with side lengths 2 units has an area of 4 square units, while a
rectangle with adjacent sides having lengths 1 unit and 4 units, also has an area of 4 square
units. However, none of the corresponding sides are congruent between this particular
square and rectangle.
Claim: Area =
a 2 sin sin
.
2sin
sin sin
a sin
=
x=
.
sin
a
x
1
a 2 sin sin
a sin
sin
=
.
Hence, the area = ( a )
2
2sin
sin
Observe that
Area of sector AOB =
2
1
40D 180
8.72664626
D
2 ( 5)
Proof: First, the Law of Sines gives yields
( )( )
and
1
2
Area of AOB =
( 5)( 5) sin 40D 8.034845 .
Thus, the area of the shaded region is

Area of sector AOB - Area of AOB
0.69 square units.
572
Section 8.3
30D
Draw in the dashed diagonal above. Note that the triangles formed are congruent, and each
has an area of 12 s 2 sin 30D = 14 s 2 .The area of the rhombus, therefore, must be 2 14 s 2 = 12 s 2 .


Program: ABZ
:Input SIDE A =, A
:Input SIDE B =, B
:Input ANGLE Z =, Z
:1/2*ABsin(Z) W
:Disp AREA W = , W
Program: ABC
:Input SIDE A =, A
:Input SIDE B =, B
:Input SIDE C =, C
:(A+B+C)/2 S
(S(S-A)(S-B)(S-C)) W
:
:Disp AREA W = , W
SIDE A = 85
SIDE B = 92
SIDE C = 123
information that gives the area of the
triangle:
AREA W = 3907.492802

SIDE A = 35
SIDE B = 47
ANGLE Z = 68
triangle:
AREA W = 762.6087204
573
Chapter 8

Program: ABC
:Input SIDE A =, A
:Input SIDE B =, B
:Input SIDE C =, C
:(A+B+C)/2 S
(S(S-A)(S-B)(S-C)) W
:
:Disp AREA W = , W
SIDE A = 145
SIDE B = 172
SIDE C = 110
triangle:
AREA W =
Section 8.4 Solutions -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.

JJJG
JJJG
2
2
AB = 5 2,9 7 = 3, 2
AB = ( 3) + ( 2 ) = 13
3.
JJJG
AB = 3 4, 0 1 = 7, 1
5.
JJJG
AB =
JJJG
AB = 24 0, 0 7 = 24, 7
G
G
7. Given that u = 3,8 , we have u =
= tan 1 69.4D .
3
574
JJJG
AB =
( 3) + ( 8 )
2
( 7 ) + ( 1)
= 50 = 5 2
( 24 ) + ( 7 )
2
= 73 and tan =
= 25
8
so that
3
Section 8.4
G
G
9. Given that u = 5, 1 , we have u =
1
D
348.7 .
5
G
G
( 5 ) + ( 1)
2
= 26 and tan =
1
so that
5
= tan 1
( 4 ) + (1)
2
= 17 and tan =
1
so that since
4
1
the head is in QII, = 180D + tan 1 166.0D .
4
G
G
2
2
13. Given that u = 8, 0 , we have u = ( 8 ) + ( 0 ) = 8 . Since the vector is on the xaxis pointing in the negative direction, = 180D .
G
G
3
( )
19.
21.
23.
25.
27.
29.
31.
33.
35.
37.
+ ( 3) = 2 3 and tan =
2
3
D
60 .
3
G G
u + v = 4,3 + 2, 5 = 4 + 2,3 5 = 2, 2 .
G
3u = 3 4,3 = 12,9
G
G
2u + 4v = 2 4,3 + 4 2, 5 = 8, 6 + 8, 20 = 0, 14
G G
G G
6 ( u v ) = 6u 6v = 6 4,3 6 2, 5 = 24,18 + 12,30 = 36, 48
G
G
G
u = u cos , u sin = 7 cos 25D , 7 sin 25D 6.3, 3.0
G
G
G
u = u cos , u sin = 16 cos100D , 16sin100D 2.8, 15.8
G
G
G
u = u cos , u sin = 4 cos 310D , 4sin 310D 2.6, 3.1
G
G
G
u = u cos , u sin = 9 cos ( 335D ) , 9sin ( 335D ) 8.2, 3.8
G
G
G
u = u cos , u sin = 2 cos120D , 2sin120D 1, 1.7
G
5, 12
5, 12
v
5 12
,
=
=
G =
2
2
13
13
13
v
( 5) + ( 12 )
G
60,11
60,11
60 11
v
,
=
=
G =
2
2
61
61 61
v
( 60 ) + (11)
= tan 1
17.
575
3
so that
3
Chapter 8
G
v
39. G =
v
G
v
41. G =
v
G
v
43. G =
v
24, 7
( 24 ) + ( 7 )
2
9, 12
( 9 ) + ( 12 )
2
( 2 ) + (3 2 )
25
2,3 2
2
24, 7
G G
45. 7i + 3 j
G
G
49. i + 0 j
G
G
53. 5i + 5 j
24 7
,
25 25
9, 12
9 12
,
=
=
15
15 15
2,3 2
2 5
2 3 2
,
2 5 2 5
3 4
,
5 5
10 3 10
,
10
10
G G
47. 5i 3 j
G
G
51. 2i + 0 j
G
G
55. 7i + 0 j
G
57. The velocity vector is given by v = 2200 cos 30D , 2200sin 30D 1905, 1100 .
So, the horizontal component is approximately 1,905 ft.
approximately 1,100 ft.
sec.
630
59. weight =
D lbs. 2800.609 lbs. 2801 lbs.
sin13
576
sec.
and the vertical component is
Section 8.4
30D
60D
By the Pythagorean Theorem, the actual

velocity of the ship is
102 + 62 11.6619 11.7 mph .
In order to determine the direction, we use
the Law of Sines:
sin sin 90D
=
10
11.6619
10sin 90D
D
= sin 1
59.036
11.6619
So the direction is approximately

31D west of due north.
Observe that
Plane = 300 cos 30D , 300sin 30D
Wind = 40 cos120D , 40sin120D
Thus, the
Resultant = Plane + Wind
239.81, 184.64
Hence,
Airspeed = |Resultant| 303 mph
184.64
D
Heading = 90D tan 1
52.41
239.81
(East of due North)

65. The force required to hold the box in place is 500sin 30D = 250 lbs.
67. vertical component of velocity = 80sin 40D = 51.4 ft./sec.
horizontal component of velocity = 80 cos 40D = 61.3 ft./sec.

69. We need the component form for each of the three vectors involved. Indeed, they are:
G
G
G
A = 0, 4 , B = 12, 0 , C = 20 cos 330D , 20sin 330D 17.32, 10
G G G
G G G
2
As such, A + B + C = 29.32, 6 . So, A + B + C = 29.322 + ( 6 ) 29.93 yards .
577
Chapter 8
120D
60D
The given information yields a SAS triangle.

So, we use the Law of Cosines:
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos
= 4002 + 1002 2(400)(100) cos120D
= 170, 000 80, 000 cos120D
So, c 458.26 lbs.
Next, we use the Law of Sines to find :
sin sin120D
=
100
458.26
100sin120D
D
= sin 1
10.9
458.26
The given information yields a SAS triangle.
So, we use the Law of Cosines:
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos
= 10002 + 5002 2(1000)(500) cos 95D
= 1, 250, 000 1, 000, 000 cos 95D
1156.3545 1156 lbs.
75. The two forces acting on the hook are given in vector form by
G
G
u = 200 cos 45D , 200sin 45D = 100 2,100 2 and v = 180, 0 .
G G
The resultant force is thus u + v = 100 2 + 180,100 2 . The magnitude of this force is
G G
u +v =
(100
) (
2
2 + 180 + 100 2
351.16
and the direction is

tan =
100 2
100 2
D
= tan 1
23.75 .
100 2 + 180
100 2 + 180
578
Section 8.4
Using the information provided in the

problem, we have
G
u=
G
R=
45D
G
u ,0
G
G
G
u , 5 = R cos 45D , R sin 45D
As such, we have
G
R cos 45D = uG
G
D
R sin 45 = 5
From the second equation, we see that
G
R = sin545D = 5 2
Using this in the first equation yields
G
u = 5 2 cos 45D = 5
Note that the resultant vector is the zero

vector since the person starts and ends at the
same point. To determine how far he or she
walked, we need to find the lengths of all of
the vectors pictured to the left, and sum
them:
JJJG
JJJG
OA = 4, 0 , so that OA = 4
JJJG
JJJG
OA = 4,3 , so that OA = 5
JJJG
JJJG
OA = 3, 3 , so that OA = 3 2
JJJG
JJJG
OA = 3, 1 , so that OA = 10
JJJG
JJJG
OA = 0, 1 , so that OA = 1
So, the total distance walked is
10 + 10 + 3 2 units .
81. The torque is given by = 45 ( 0.2 ) sin 85D 8.97Nm .

83. The torque is given by = 0.85 ( 40 ) sin110D 31.95Nm .
579
Chapter 8
60D
Observe that
G
G
G
u = u cos150D , u sin150D = 4 3, 4
G
G
G
v = v cos 45D , v sin 45D = 3 2,3 2
G
w = w1 , w2
G G G G
We want u + v + w = 0 . As such, we must
G
G G
have w = u v = 4 3 3 2, 4 3 2 .
45D
Note that
G
w=
(4
) (
3 3 2 2 + 4 3 2
8.67
4 3 2
4 3 2
= tan 1
4 3 3 2
4 3 3 2
71.95D
tan =
G
So, the direction of w is 18.05D
counterclockwise of SOUTH.
87. Magnitude cannot be negative. Observe that
2, 8 =
G
89. False. i = 1, 0 = 1 .
( 2 ) + ( 8 )
2
= 68 = 2 17 .
G
G
91. True. Let u = u1 , u2 . Observe that u = u1 , u2 =
( u1 ) + ( u2 )
2
( u1 )
= u1 = u1 .
2
93. Vector (since need two pieces of
95. a, b = ( a ) + b 2 = a 2 + b 2
information to precisely define this
quantity).
G
G
G
97. Assume that u = cv , where c > 0, and that u = 1 . Then, we have
G
c v = 1 , so that c = v1G .
G
G
Thus, u = 1vG v , as needed.
( )
99. 6, 4 =
1
2
8, 4 2 1, 1
580
Section 8.4
101. Observe that
G
G G
u + 3 ( 2v u ) = u1 , u2 + 3 ( 2 v1 , v2 u1 , u2
= u1 , u2 + 3 ( 2v1 , 2v2 u1 , u2
)
)
= u1 , u2 + 3 2v1 u1 , 2v2 u2
= u1 , u2 + 6v1 3u1 , 6v2 3u2
= 6v1 2u1 , 6v2 2u2
G
G
= 6v 2u
103. Enter the following to compute the given quantity:

[ [8] [-5] ] + 3[ [-7] [11] ]
The output is: [ [-13] [28] ].
105. First, compute the length of the vector, as follows:
(102 + (-24)2) (output 26)
Then, to obtain the unit vector, divide both components of the given vector by this length
(26) to list as a FRACTION, enter the following:
1/26 [ [10] [-24] ] Frac
Output is: [ [5/13] [-12/13] ]
107.
Magnitude =
Sum ((33) ^ 2, (180) ^ 2)
Direction angle = tan 1 180 (33)
The output will be:
Magnitude = 183
Direction Angle = -79.61114
581

Young CAT2e SSM Ch8 Part1

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Young CAT2e SSM Ch8 Part1

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CHAPTER 8

Section 8.1 Solutions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. SSA

(10m ) ( sin 75D )

( 211 yd.) ( sin16.3

( 211 yd.) ( sin116.1D )

15. Observe that:

(100 yd.) ( sin 97

(100 yd.) ( sin 26

This is the solution in QI label it as 1 . The second solution in QII is given by

1 180D (16D + 20D ) = 144D

QII triangle: 2 160D

2 180D (16D + 160D ) = 4D

21. Step 1: Determine .

which does not exist. Hence, there is no triangle in this case.

Step 2: Solve the triangle.

This is the solution in QI label it as 1 . The second solution in QII is given by

1 180D ( 21.3D + 21.9D ) = 136.8D

QII triangle: 2 158.1D

2 180D ( 21.3D + 158.1D ) = 0.6D

31. Step 1: Determine .

This is the solution in QI label it as 1 . The second solution in QII is given by

1 180D ( 77D + 40D ) = 63D

QII triangle: 2 103D

2 180D (103D + 40D ) = 37D

33. Step 1: Determine .

35. Consider the following diagram:

First, using the properties of corresponding

sin 9D sin 91D

37. Consider the following diagram:

We need to determine H. To this end, first observe that = 154.5D , and so

sin 20.5D sin 5D

39. Consider the following diagram:

43. Consider the following diagram:

Using the Law of Sines yields

45. Consider the following diagram:

Using the Law of Sines yields

= 180D ( 56D + 60.169D ) = 63.83D

47. Consider the following diagram:

They travel the same distance since the

49. Consider the following diagram:

using the Law of Sines yields

Using the Law of Sines yields

51. The value of is incorrect. Should be sin =

First, note that = 180D 72D + 16D = 92D .

55. True. By definition of oblique.

Proof: First, note that the given equality is equivalent to:

a + b a b sin sin sin + sin

Now, since + + = , it follows that

2 cos 2 cos 2 cos

63. The following steps constitute the

65. The following steps constitute the

Now, in order to use this program to solve

Now, in order to use this program to solve

Now, the program will display the

67. The following steps constitute the

Section 8.2 Solutions -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. C

Step 3: Find : 180D ( 33D + 100D ) = 47D

11. This is SAS, so begin by using Law of Cosines:

180D ( 6D + 16D ) = 158D

13. This is SAS, so begin by using Law of Cosines:

180D ( 80D + 20D ) = 80D

15. This is SAS, so begin by using Law of Cosines:

180D ( 43D + 23D ) = 114D

17. This is SAS, so begin by using Law of Cosines: