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(10m ) ( sin 60
sin sin
sin 45 sin 60
=
=
b=
a
b
10 m
b
sin 45D
D
)=
(10m )
2
2
12.2 m
=
c=
13.66 m
10 m
sin 45D
a
c
c
9. Observe that:
= 180D ( 46D + 72D ) = 62D
( 200 cm ) ( sin 46 )
sin sin
sin 46D sin 62D
=
=
a=
163cm
200 cm
sin 62D
a
b
a
( 200 cm ) ( sin 72D )
sin sin
sin 62D sin 72D
=
=
c=
215cm
200 cm
sin 62D
b
c
c
11. Observe that:
= 180D (16.3D + 47.6D ) = 116.1D
D
=
a=
a
c
a
211 yd.
sin 47.6D
) 80.2 yd.
=
b=
256.6 yd.
b
c
b
211 yd.
sin 47.6D
13. Observe that:
= 180D ( 30D + 30D ) = 120D
(12m ) ( sin 30 )
sin sin
sin 30D sin120D
=
=
a=
7m
12 m
sin120D
a
c
a
(12m ) ( sin 30D )
sin sin
sin 30D sin120D
=
=
b=
7m
12 m
sin120D
b
c
b
D
543
Chapter 8
=
a=
a
c
a
100 yd.
sin 57D
) 118 yd.
=
b=
b
c
b
100 yd.
sin 57D
17. Step 1: Determine .
) 52 yd.
5sin16D
sin sin
sin16D sin
5sin16D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
20
a
b
4
5
4
4
2 = 180D 1 160D . Both are tenable solutions, so we need to solve for two triangles.
Step 2: Solve for both triangles.
QI triangle: 1 20D
=
c1 =
9
4
sin16D
a
c1
c1
sin sin 2
sin16D sin 4D
4sin 4D
=
=
c2 =
1
4
sin16D
a
c2
c2
19. Step 1: Determine .
sin sin
sin 40D sin
=
=
sin = sin 40D = 40D
12
12
c
a
Note that there is only one triangle in this case since the angle in QII with the same sine as
this value of is 180D 40D = 140D . In such case, note that + = 180D , therefore
preventing the formation of a triangle (since the three interior angles, two of which are
and , must sum to 180D - this would only occur if the third angle = 0 , in which case
there is no triangle).
Step 2: Solve for the triangle.
180D ( 40D + 40D ) = 100D
sin sin
sin 40D sin100D
12sin100D
=
=
b=
18
12
sin 40D
c
b
b
544
Section 8.1
=
sin =
= sin 1
,
a
b
21
14
14
14
18 ( 12 )
sin sin
sin 30D sin
=
=
sin =
= 1 = sin 1 (1) = 90D .
a
b
9
18
9
sin sin
sin 34D sin123D
10sin123D
=
=
c=
15
10
sin 34D
a
c
c
545
Chapter 8
27. First, note that we expect two triangles since is acute and a < b.
Step 1: Determine .
6.18sin 21.3D
sin sin
sin 21.3D sin
6.18sin 21.3D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
21.9
a
b
6.03
6.18
6.03
6.03
2 = 180D 1 158.1D . Both are tenable solutions, so we need to solve for two triangles.
Step 2: Solve for both triangles.
QI triangle: 1 21.9D
=
c1 =
11.36
a
c1
c1
6.03
sin 21.3D
sin sin 2
sin 21.3D sin 0.6D
6.03sin 0.6D
=
=
c2 =
0.17
a
c2
c2
6.03
sin 21.3D
29. First, note that we expect only one triangle since is obtuse and a > b.
Step 1: Determine .
sin sin
4 3 sin116D
=
sin =
0.880635 62D
a
b
5 2
Step 2: Solve for the triangle.
180D 116D + 62D = 2D
sin sin
sin116D sin 2D
5 2 sin 38D
=
=
c=
0.275
sin116D
a
c
c
5 2
546
Section 8.1
=
sin =
= sin 1
77
c
b
330
500
330
330
2 = 180D 1 103D . Both are tenable solutions, so we need to solve for two triangles.
Step 2: Solve for both triangles.
QI triangle: 1 77D
sin 1 sin
sin 63D sin 40D
330 sin 63D
=
=
a1 =
457
a1
c
a1
330
sin 40D
=
a2 =
309
a2
c
a2
330
sin 40D
=
sin =
= sin 1
31
a
b
2
7
7
7
Note that there is only one triangle in this case since the angle in QII with the same sine as
this value of is 180D 31D = 149D . In such case, note that + > 180D , therefore
preventing the formation of a triangle (since the three interior angles, two of which are
and , must sum to 180D ).
Step 2: Solve for the triangle.
180D ( 31D + 106D ) = 43D
sin sin
sin 43D sin106D
7 sin 43D
=
=
c=
2
sin106D
c
b
c
7
547
Chapter 8
9D
w
195
195 ( sin 91D )
w=
1, 246 ft.
sin 9D
20.5D
25.5D
Now, to find H, we turn our focus to triangle T2. Again, from the information we have,
the situation is AAS, so we use Law of Sines to find H:
sin 90D sin 25.5D
1
sin 25.5D
=
=
x
H
4.01818
H
D
so that H 4.01818 ( sin 25.5 ) 1.7 mi.
548
Section 8.1
30D
100D
We seek x. To this end, first note that = 50D . So, the information provided yields an
AAS situation for triangle T1. So, we use Law of Sines to find x:
1 mi.) sin100D
(
sin100D sin 50D
=
x=
1.3mi.
x
1 mi.
sin 50D
41. Consider the following diagram:
100D
15D
65D
We seek x. The information provided yields an AAS situation for triangle T1. So, we use
Law of Sines to find x:
100 ft.) sin15D
(
sin15D sin100D
=
x=
26 ft.
x
100 ft.
sin100D
549
Chapter 8
104D
35D
41D
56D
So,
550
Section 8.1
( )
84D
84D
72D
A
16
16sin 84D
A=
76.5 ft.
sin12D
A
63.2
63.2sin 72D
A=
60.14 ft.
sin 92D
16D
9sin120D
.
7
551
Chapter 8
( a + b ) sin
= c cos ( )
2
2
cos ( )
+
a
b
(
) = 2
c
sin
2
We shall start with the right-side, and we will need the following identities:
+
sin + sin = 2sin
(1)
cos
2
2
sin = sin 2 = 2sin cos
(2)
2
2
2
Indeed, observe that
59. Claim:
2 (by (1))
=
sin
2sin
cos
2
2 (by (2))
=
2sin cos
2
2
. As such,
2
+
sin
= sin = cos (3).
2
2 2
2
Using (3) in the last line of the above string of equalities then yields
+
2sin
cos
2
2
2sin cos
2
2
=
2 ,
=
sin
2 sin cos
2
2
2
as desired.
61. Observe that since all sides have the same lengths, the Law of Sines yields
sin sin sin
,
=
=
a
a
a
from which we immediately conclude that = = since the angles must sum to 180D
and none of them can be obtuse.
552
Section 8.1
Program: AYZ
:Input SIDE A =, A
:Input ANGLE Y =, Y
:Input ANGLE Z =, Z
:180-Y-Z X
:Asin(Y)/sin(X) B
:Asin(Z)/sin(X) C
:Disp ANGLE X = , X
:Disp SIDE B = , B
:Disp SIDE C =, C
Program: ABX
:Input SIDE A =, A
:Input SIDE B =, B
:Input ANGLE X =, X
:sin-1(Bsin(X)/A) Y
:180-Y-X Z
:Asin(Z)/sin(X) C
:Disp ANGLE Y = , Y
:Disp ANGLE Z = , Z
:Disp SIDE C =, C
553
Chapter 8
Program: ACX
:Input SIDE A =, A
:Input SIDE C =, C
:Input ANGLE X =, X
:sin-1(Csin(X)/A) Y
:180-Y-X Z
:Asin(Z)/sin(X) B
:Disp ANGLE Y = , Y
:Disp ANGLE Z = , Z
:Disp SIDE B =, B
Now, in order to use this program to solve
the given triangle, EXECUTE it and enter
the following data at the prompts:
SIDE A = 25.7
SIDE C = 12.2
ANGLE X = 65
Now, the program will display the
following information that solves the
triangle:
ANGLE Y = 25.48227
ANGLE Z = 89.51773
SIDE C = 28.35581
b 5.4 5
Step 2: Find .
3sin100D
sin sin
sin100D sin
3sin100D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
33
b
c
5
3
5
5
554
Section 8.2
a 5.107 5
Step 2: Find .
2sin16D D
sin sin
sin16D sin
2sin16D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
6
a
c
5.107
2
5.107
5.107
Step 3: Find .
a 1.736 2
Step 2: Find .
5sin 20D
sin sin
sin 20D sin
5sin 20D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
80
1.736
5
1.736
a
b
1.736
Step 3: Find .
b 5.1158 5
Step 2: Find .
9sin 23D
sin sin
sin 23D sin
9sin 23D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
43
b
a
5.1158
9
5.1158
5.1158
Step 3: Find .
555
Chapter 8
b 6.9282 7
Step 2: Find .
D
sin sin
sin 60D sin
4sin 60D
1 4sin 60
D
=
=
sin =
= sin
30
6.9282
4
6.9282
b
a
6.9282
Step 3: Find .
3
3
so that = cos 1 92.86D 93D .
60
60
Step 2: Find either of the remaining two angles using the Law of Sines.
5sin 92.866D
sin sin
sin 92.866D sin
5sin 92.866D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
39
Thus, cos =
( 5)
= ( 4 ) + ( 4 ) 2 ( 4 )( 4 ) cos 25 = 32 32 cos
2
7
7
so that = cos 1 77D .
32
32
Step 2: Find either of the remaining two angles using the Law of Sines.
4sin 77.364D
sin sin
sin 77.364D sin
4sin 77.364D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
51.32
Thus, cos =
556
Section 8.2
( 8.2 )
22.86
22.86
D
D
so that = cos 1
75.19 75 .
89.46
89.46
Step 2: Find either of the remaining two angles using the Law of Sines.
7.1sin 75.19D
sin sin
sin 75.19D sin
7.1sin 75.19D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
57
Thus, cos =
8.2
7.1
8.2
8.2
=
sin =
= sin 1
23
c
13
13
( 6 ) ( sin 35 )
sin sin
sin 35D sin 40D
=
=
b=
5.354 5
a
b
b
6
sin 40D
( 6 ) ( sin105D )
sin sin
sin 40D sin105D
=
=
c=
9
a
c
c
6
sin 40D
D
557
13
Chapter 8
=
sin =
= sin 1
12.392 12
a
b
12
5
12
12
Note that there is only one triangle in this case since the angle in QII with the same sine
as this value of is 180D 12D = 168D . In such case, note that + > 180D , therefore
preventing the formation of a triangle (since the three interior angles, two of which are
and , must sum to180D ).
Step 2: Solve for the triangle.
180D (12D + 31D ) = 137D
sin sin
sin137D sin 31D
12sin137D
=
=
c=
16
c
a
c
12
sin 31D
33. This is SSS, so begin by using Law of Cosines:
Step 1: Find the largest angle (i.e., the one opposite the longest side). Here, it is .
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2ac cos
( 8) = ( 7 ) + ( 3)
2
( 7 )( 3 ) cos
2 = 2 21 cos
1
1
D
D
so that = cos 1
77.396 77 .
21
21
Step 2: Find either of the remaining two angles using the Law of Sines.
Thus, cos =
7 sin 77.396D
sin sin
sin sin 77.396D
7 sin 77.396D
D
=
=
sin =
= sin 1
66
a
b
7
8
8
8
558
Section 8.2
=
sin =
= sin 1
1.809 2
c
b
2
11
11
11
Note that there is only one triangle in this case since the angle in QII with the same sine
as this value of is 180D 2D = 178D . In such case, note that + > 180D , therefore
preventing the formation of a triangle (since the three interior angles, two of which are
and , must sum to 180D ).
Step 2: Solve for the triangle.
180D ( 2D + 10D ) = 168D
sin sin
sin168D sin10D
11sin168D
=
=
a=
13
a
b
a
11
sin10D
37. This is SAS, so begin by using Law of Cosines:
Step 1: Find b.
2
2
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2ac cos = ( 485 ) + ( 715 ) 2 ( 485 )( 715 ) cos ( 51.62D ) 124.5248631
b 11.16
Step 2: Find .
sin sin
sin 51.62D sin
=
=
sin =
71
b
c
11.156
5
Step 3: Find .
180D ( 85.91D + 51.62D ) = 40.40D
71
71 sin 51.62D
sin 51.62D
D
= sin 1 5
85.91
11.156
11.156
=
sin =
= sin 1
46.76
a
c
18.21
24.12
24.12
24.12
559
Chapter 8
( ) +( )
5 2
7
3 2
5
3 2
5
a 1.090
Step 2: Find .
sin sin
sin sin 71.213D
=
5 2 =
sin =
b
a
1.090
7
Step 3: Find .
180D ( 71.213D + 61.33D ) 47D
5 2
7
5 2 sin 71.213D
sin 71.213D
D
= sin 1 7
61
1.090
1.090
150D
Let x = distance between Plane 1 and Plane 2 after 3 hours. In order to determine the
value of x, we apply the Law of Cosines as follows:
x 2 = 15002 + 13052 2(1500)(1305) cos150D
x = 7,343,514.456 2710 mi.
Hence, the distance between the two planes after 3 hours is approximately 2, 710 mi. .
45. Let P1 be the position of plane 1, P2 be the position of plane 2, and = 65D the angle
between OP1 and OP2 (where O is the origin). Since distance = rate * time, the length of
OP1 is 1375 miles and the length of OP2 is 875 miles. Using the Law of Cosines yields
2
( P1P2 ) = 13752 + 8752 2(1375)(875) cos 65D
P1 P2 1280
So, the planes are approximately 1,280 miles apart after 2.5 hours.
560
Section 8.2
42.2D
Since the segment connecting the Pitchers mound to Home Base lies on the diagonal of
the square (connecting home base to second base), we know that = 45D (since diagonals
bisect the angles made at their respective vertices). We use the Law of Cosines to find x:
x 2 = 902 + 60.52 2(90)(60.5) cos 45D so that x 63.7 ft.
So, the Pitchers mound is approximately 63.7 ft. from Third Base.
49. Consider the following diagram:
40D
125D
55 D
Let x = length of the window. First, observe that 180D ( 40D + 125D ) = 15D .
So,
561
Chapter 8
50D
70D
x=
0.8 mi.
b 95.85
Now, use the Law of Sines to find :
50sin 50D
sin sin 50D
=
= sin 1
50
95.85
95.85
21.67D
562
Section 8.2
7 sin 25D
D
= sin 1
151.03
6.108
25D
563
Chapter 8
83.07D
=0
564
Section 8.2
565
Chapter 8
Observe that since 2 + X = 180D , we know that = 1802 X . By the Law of Cosines, we
have
D
a 2 = a 2 + ( a2 ) 2a ( a2 ) cos
2
Hence,
1
4
= cos
cos 1 ( 14 ) = 1802 X
a4 = a 2 cos
2
= cos 1 ( 14 )
X = 180D 2 cos 1 ( 14 ) .
X
2
566
1 cos 2 cos 1 ( 14 )
2
Section 8.2
73. The following steps constitute the program in this
case:
Program: BCX
:Input SIDE B =, B
:Input SIDE C =, C
:Input ANGLE X =, X
:
(B2+C2-2BCcos(X)) A
-1
:sin (Bsin(X)/A) Y
:180-Y-X Z
:Disp SIDE A = , A
:Disp ANGLE Y = , Y
:Disp ANGLE Z =, Z
567
Chapter 8
( )
( )(
a + b + c 17 + 51
. So, the area is given by
=
2
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c )
17 + 51 17 + 51
17 + 51
17 + 51
7
51
10
=
25.0
2
2
2
2
a + b + c 25
=
= 12.5 . So, the area is given by
17. First, observe that s =
2
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c ) = (12.5 )( 6.5 )( 2.5 )( 3.5 ) 26.7
a+b+c
= 25.05 . So, the area is given by
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c ) = ( 25.05 )(10.75 )( 9.35 )( 4.95 ) 111.64
a+b+c
= 24, 600 . So, the area is given by
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c ) = ( 24, 600 )(10, 600 )( 8,100 )( 5,900 ) 111, 632, 076
23. Observe that the sum of the lengths of the shortest two sides is 155, which does not
exceed the length of the third side. Hence, there is no triangle in this case.
1
1
25. A = 2 3 5 3 sin 61.23D 13.15
27. A = ( 863 )( 514 ) sin 73D 174.76
2
2
)(
568
Section 8.3
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c )
5.61 + 6.61 + 4.31 5.61 + 6.61 + 4.31
5.61 + 6.61 + 4.31
5.61 + 6.61 + 4.31
=
5.61
6.61
4.31
2
2
2
2
11.98
a+b+c
=
2
63
8
+ 507 + 509
. So, the area is given by
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c )
63 + 50 + 50 63 + 50 + 50 63 63 + 50 + 50 50
= 8 7 9 8 7 9 8 7 9
2
2
8
2
7
63
8
+ 507 + 509 50
19.21
2
9
a+b+c
= 1, 277 . So, the area is given by
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c ) = (1, 277 )( 427 )( 467 )( 383) 312, 297 sq. nm.
a+b+c
= 237.5 . So, the area is given by
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c ) = ( 237.5 )( 77.5 )( 97.5 )( 62.5 ) 10,591 sq. ft.
sin =
1
( 60 )(120 ) sin . This is equivalent to
2
1000
1000
D
so that = sin 1
16 . Since there are TWO triangles in this case,
3600
3600
569
Chapter 8
41. Consider an equilateral triangle T each of whose sides has a length of x. We wish to
2
9
determine x such that Area(T) = in.2 . To this end, observe that
2
x+x+x 3
s=
= x . So, the area is given by
2
2
A = s ( s a )( s b )( s c ) =
3 3
3 1
3 4
3 2
x x x =
x x =
x =
x .
2 2
2 2
16
4
3 2 81
x =
4
4
81 4
Indeed, observe that x 2 =
so that x 12 in.
4 3
43. Let T be a triangle with sides 200 ft., 260 ft., and included angle 65D .
The area of the parallelogram is equal to 2 area of T.
1
Note that area of T = ( 200 )( 260 ) sin 65D 23,564 sq. ft.
2
So, the area of the parallelogram is approximately 47,128 sq. ft.
45. First, note that a regular hexagon can be dissected into 6 congruent equilateral triangles
180D ( 6 2 )
this is the case since =
= 120D , and diagonals bisect the interior angles,
6
thereby making two of the three angles in each of the triangles equal to 60D .
As such, area of a regular hexagon = 6 area of one these triangles.
To find the area of one these triangles, we apply Herons formula.
3+3+3
3
Observe that s =
= 4.5 and so, area A = 4.5 ( 4.5 3) = 3.897 sq. ft.
2
Thus, the area of the regular hexagon is 6 ( 3.897 sq. ft.) = 23.38 sq. ft. .
570
Section 8.3
135D
= 8.31761 .
2
2
Thus, the area of ACD is given by
A = s ( s 4 )( s 5 )( s 4.63522 ) 8.73 .
a+b+c
.
2
571
Chapter 8
57. False. A square with side lengths 2 units has an area of 4 square units, while a
rectangle with adjacent sides having lengths 1 unit and 4 units, also has an area of 4 square
units. However, none of the corresponding sides are congruent between this particular
square and rectangle.
59. Consider the following diagram:
Claim: Area =
a 2 sin sin
.
2sin
sin sin
a sin
=
x=
.
sin
a
x
1
a 2 sin sin
a sin
sin
=
.
Hence, the area = ( a )
2
2sin
sin
61. Consider the following diagram:
Observe that
Area of sector AOB =
2
1
40D 180
8.72664626
D
2 ( 5)
Proof: First, the Law of Sines gives yields
( )( )
and
1
2
Area of AOB =
( 5)( 5) sin 40D 8.034845 .
572
Section 8.3
30D
Draw in the dashed diagonal above. Note that the triangles formed are congruent, and each
has an area of 12 s 2 sin 30D = 14 s 2 .The area of the rhombus, therefore, must be 2 14 s 2 = 12 s 2 .
Program: ABZ
:Input SIDE A =, A
:Input SIDE B =, B
:Input ANGLE Z =, Z
:1/2*ABsin(Z) W
:Disp AREA W = , W
Program: ABC
:Input SIDE A =, A
:Input SIDE B =, B
:Input SIDE C =, C
:(A+B+C)/2 S
(S(S-A)(S-B)(S-C)) W
:
:Disp AREA W = , W
Now, in order to use this program to solve
the given triangle, EXECUTE it and enter
the following data at the prompts:
SIDE A = 85
SIDE B = 92
SIDE C = 123
Now, the program will display the following
information that gives the area of the
triangle:
AREA W = 3907.492802
573
Chapter 8
Program: ABC
:Input SIDE A =, A
:Input SIDE B =, B
:Input SIDE C =, C
:(A+B+C)/2 S
(S(S-A)(S-B)(S-C)) W
:
:Disp AREA W = , W
Now, in order to use this program to solve
the given triangle, EXECUTE it and enter
the following data at the prompts:
SIDE A = 145
SIDE B = 172
SIDE C = 110
Now, the program will display the following
information that gives the area of the
triangle:
AREA W =
JJJG
AB = 3 4, 0 1 = 7, 1
5.
JJJG
AB =
JJJG
AB = 24 0, 0 7 = 24, 7
G
G
7. Given that u = 3,8 , we have u =
= tan 1 69.4D .
3
574
JJJG
AB =
( 3) + ( 8 )
2
( 7 ) + ( 1)
= 50 = 5 2
( 24 ) + ( 7 )
2
= 73 and tan =
= 25
8
so that
3
Section 8.4
G
G
9. Given that u = 5, 1 , we have u =
1
D
348.7 .
5
G
G
11. Given that u = 4,1 , we have u =
( 5 ) + ( 1)
2
= 26 and tan =
1
so that
5
= tan 1
( 4 ) + (1)
2
= 17 and tan =
1
so that since
4
1
the head is in QII, = 180D + tan 1 166.0D .
4
G
G
2
2
13. Given that u = 8, 0 , we have u = ( 8 ) + ( 0 ) = 8 . Since the vector is on the xaxis pointing in the negative direction, = 180D .
G
G
15. Given that u = 3,3 , we have u =
3
( )
19.
21.
23.
25.
27.
29.
31.
33.
35.
37.
+ ( 3) = 2 3 and tan =
2
3
D
60 .
3
G G
u + v = 4,3 + 2, 5 = 4 + 2,3 5 = 2, 2 .
G
3u = 3 4,3 = 12,9
G
G
2u + 4v = 2 4,3 + 4 2, 5 = 8, 6 + 8, 20 = 0, 14
G G
G G
6 ( u v ) = 6u 6v = 6 4,3 6 2, 5 = 24,18 + 12,30 = 36, 48
G
G
G
u = u cos , u sin = 7 cos 25D , 7 sin 25D 6.3, 3.0
G
G
G
u = u cos , u sin = 16 cos100D , 16sin100D 2.8, 15.8
G
G
G
u = u cos , u sin = 4 cos 310D , 4sin 310D 2.6, 3.1
G
G
G
u = u cos , u sin = 9 cos ( 335D ) , 9sin ( 335D ) 8.2, 3.8
G
G
G
u = u cos , u sin = 2 cos120D , 2sin120D 1, 1.7
G
5, 12
5, 12
v
5 12
,
=
=
G =
2
2
13
13
13
v
( 5) + ( 12 )
G
60,11
60,11
60 11
v
,
=
=
G =
2
2
61
61 61
v
( 60 ) + (11)
= tan 1
17.
575
3
so that
3
Chapter 8
G
v
39. G =
v
G
v
41. G =
v
G
v
43. G =
v
24, 7
( 24 ) + ( 7 )
2
9, 12
( 9 ) + ( 12 )
2
( 2 ) + (3 2 )
25
2,3 2
2
24, 7
G G
45. 7i + 3 j
G
G
49. i + 0 j
G
G
53. 5i + 5 j
24 7
,
25 25
9, 12
9 12
,
=
=
15
15 15
2,3 2
2 5
2 3 2
,
2 5 2 5
3 4
,
5 5
10 3 10
,
10
10
G G
47. 5i 3 j
G
G
51. 2i + 0 j
G
G
55. 7i + 0 j
G
57. The velocity vector is given by v = 2200 cos 30D , 2200sin 30D 1905, 1100 .
So, the horizontal component is approximately 1,905 ft.
approximately 1,100 ft.
sec.
630
59. weight =
D lbs. 2800.609 lbs. 2801 lbs.
sin13
576
sec.
Section 8.4
30D
60D
Observe that
Plane = 300 cos 30D , 300sin 30D
Wind = 40 cos120D , 40sin120D
Thus, the
Resultant = Plane + Wind
239.81, 184.64
Hence,
Airspeed = |Resultant| 303 mph
184.64
D
Heading = 90D tan 1
52.41
239.81
577
Chapter 8
120D
60D
75. The two forces acting on the hook are given in vector form by
G
G
u = 200 cos 45D , 200sin 45D = 100 2,100 2 and v = 180, 0 .
G G
The resultant force is thus u + v = 100 2 + 180,100 2 . The magnitude of this force is
G G
u +v =
(100
) (
2
2 + 180 + 100 2
351.16
100 2
100 2
D
= tan 1
23.75 .
100 2 + 180
100 2 + 180
578
Section 8.4
45D
G
u ,0
G
G
G
u , 5 = R cos 45D , R sin 45D
As such, we have
G
R cos 45D = uG
G
D
R sin 45 = 5
From the second equation, we see that
G
R = sin545D = 5 2
Using this in the first equation yields
G
u = 5 2 cos 45D = 5
579
Chapter 8
60D
Observe that
G
G
G
u = u cos150D , u sin150D = 4 3, 4
G
G
G
v = v cos 45D , v sin 45D = 3 2,3 2
G
w = w1 , w2
G G G G
We want u + v + w = 0 . As such, we must
G
G G
have w = u v = 4 3 3 2, 4 3 2 .
45D
Note that
G
w=
(4
) (
3 3 2 2 + 4 3 2
8.67
4 3 2
4 3 2
= tan 1
4 3 3 2
4 3 3 2
71.95D
tan =
G
So, the direction of w is 18.05D
counterclockwise of SOUTH.
87. Magnitude cannot be negative. Observe that
2, 8 =
G
89. False. i = 1, 0 = 1 .
( 2 ) + ( 8 )
2
= 68 = 2 17 .
G
G
91. True. Let u = u1 , u2 . Observe that u = u1 , u2 =
( u1 ) + ( u2 )
2
( u1 )
= u1 = u1 .
2
93. Vector (since need two pieces of
95. a, b = ( a ) + b 2 = a 2 + b 2
information to precisely define this
quantity).
G
G
G
97. Assume that u = cv , where c > 0, and that u = 1 . Then, we have
G
c v = 1 , so that c = v1G .
G
G
Thus, u = 1vG v , as needed.
( )
99. 6, 4 =
1
2
8, 4 2 1, 1
580
Section 8.4
G
G G
u + 3 ( 2v u ) = u1 , u2 + 3 ( 2 v1 , v2 u1 , u2
= u1 , u2 + 3 ( 2v1 , 2v2 u1 , u2
)
)
= u1 , u2 + 3 2v1 u1 , 2v2 u2
= u1 , u2 + 6v1 3u1 , 6v2 3u2
= 6v1 2u1 , 6v2 2u2
G
G
= 6v 2u
Then, to obtain the unit vector, divide both components of the given vector by this length
(26) to list as a FRACTION, enter the following:
1/26 [ [10] [-24] ] Frac
Output is: [ [5/13] [-12/13] ]
107.
Magnitude =
Sum ((33) ^ 2, (180) ^ 2)
Direction angle = tan 1 180 (33)
The output will be:
Magnitude = 183
Direction Angle = -79.61114
581