Troubleshooting

on
electrical machines
EEM/F

Student workbook
SH5002-3P
2nd edition
Author: Ralf Linnertz

Lucas-Nlle Lehr- und Messgerte GmbH

Siemensstrae 2 D-50170 Kerpen

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Table of contents

Equipment
Basic experiment without fault simulator
Fault switch 2 actuated
Fault switch 5 actuated
Fault switch 11 actuated
Fault switches 1 and 4 actuated
Fault switches 3 and 6 actuated
Fault switches 4 and 5 actuated
Fault switches 5 and 8 actuated
All fault switches actuated

1
3
9
15
21
27
33
39
45
51

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EEM/F TABLE OF CONTENTS

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

EEM/F TABLE OF CONTENTS

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Equipment
SE2662-9D
LM8501
SE2662-3G, SE2672-3G
SE2663-1k, SE2673-1k
SE2662-5G, SE2672-5G
SE2663-1H, SE2673-1H

EEM/F EQUIPMENT

Device
Fault simulator
Metriso C insulation tester
Three-phase motor with squirrel-cage rotor,
0.3 kW/1 kW

Quantity
1
1
1

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

EEM/F EQUIPMENT

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Basic experiment without fault simulation

Experiment objectives
Exercises:

Measurement of winding resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor

Measurement of insulation resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor
Identification of winding and/or insulation faults

EEM/F/1 BASIC EXPERIMENT WITHOUT FAULT SIMULATION

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Circuit
U1

V1

W1

W2

U2

V2

Terminal panel
Screen terminal

Housing (frame)

Stator coil U

Stator coil W
Stator coil V

M
3~

Sample measurements
Winding-to-winding insulation resistance
measurement

Winding resistance measurement

U1

V1

W1

W2

U2

V2

Winding-to-housing insulation
resistance measurement

EEM/F/1 BASIC EXPERIMENT WITHOUT FAULT SIMULATION

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Equipment/components

Three-phase induction motor with squirrel-cage rotor

Multimeter (or ohmmeter, if available)
Insulation tester

Note:
The winding resistances (coil U, coil V, coil W) of a three-phase induction motor must be
identical in order to generate a symmetrical rotating field in the stator. However, even if the
winding resistances are identical, it is still possible for insulation faults to occur (winding-towinding or winding-to-frame).
A winding-to-winding insulation fault can result in a short circuit (triggering the circuit breaker)
or overcurrent which is then shut off by the motor protection relay or a general motor
protection mechanism (NTC, PTC).
A winding-to-frame insulation fault can pose a contact hazard since a potential difference
arises between the housing or frame and earth.
In this case, it is important to install a dependable protective mechanism which disconnects
the motor from the mains when hazardous contact voltages (> 50 V) occur.
The measured winding resistances should be approximately equal to the following values:
270 (0.1 kW), 100 (0.3 kW), 20 (1 kW).
The insulation resistances must be at least 1 k/V according to VDE specifications. This
means that no insulation fault should be present as long as the winding-to-winding resistance
is at least 400k and the resistance between windings and the grounded frame or housing
is at least 230k.

EEM/F/1 BASIC EXPERIMENT WITHOUT FAULT SIMULATION

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Measurement procedure
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding resistance for each of the coils
U, V, W and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding resistance can be measured with a universal multimeter (or an ohmmeter).
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

Coil U (U1-U2)
Coil V (V1-V2)
Coil W (W1-W2)
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding-to-winding insulation
resistance values and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding-to-winding insulation resistance can be measured with an
___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1 V1
U1 W1
V1 W1
U2 V2
U2 W2
V2- W2

EEM/F/1 BASIC EXPERIMENT WITHOUT FAULT SIMULATION

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the insulation resistance values between
windings and the frame or housing
and enter the values in the table provided for this
purpose.
The resistance between windings and frame

can be measured with an

___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1
V1
W1
U2
V2
W2-

EEM/F/1 BASIC EXPERIMENT WITHOUT FAULT SIMULATION

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Fill in all the measurements on the following diagram of the motor.

What can be said about the motor windings and insulation?

EEM/F/1 BASIC EXPERIMENT WITHOUT FAULT SIMULATION

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Fault switch 2 actuated

Experiment objectives
Exercises:

Measurement of winding resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor

Measurement of insulation resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor
Identification of winding and/or insulation faults

Open the fault simulator and actuate fault switch 2 without simulating any other faults.
Close the fault simulator again.

EEM/F/2 FAULT SWITCH 2 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Circuit
U1

V1

W1

Terminal panel

W2

U2

V2

Screen terminal

Housing (frame)

Stator coil "U"

Stator coil "W"

Stator coil "V"

M
3~

Sample measurements

Winding resistance

10

Winding-to-winding insulation resistance

measurement

U1

V1

W1

W2

U2

V2

Winding-to-frame
insulation resistance
measurement

EEM/F/2 FAULT SWITCH 2 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Equipment/components

Three-phase induction motor with squirrel-cage rotor

Multimeter (or ohmmeter, if available)
Insulation tester

Note:
The winding resistances (coil U, coil V, coil W) of a three-phase induction motor must be
identical in order to generate a symmetrical rotating field in the stator. However, even if the
winding resistances are identical, it is still possible for insulation faults to occur (winding-towinding or winding-to-frame).
A winding-to-winding insulation fault can result in a short circuit (triggering the circuit breaker)
or overcurrent which is then shut off by the motor protection relay or a general motor
protection mechanism (NTC, PTC).
A winding-to-frame insulation fault can pose a contact hazard since a potential difference
arises between the housing or frame and earth.
In this case, it is important to install a dependable protective mechanism which disconnects
the motor from the mains when hazardous contact voltages (> 50 V) occur.
The measured winding resistances should be approximately equal to the following values:
270 (0.1 kW), 100 (0.3 kW), 20 (1 kW).
The insulation resistances must be at least 1 k/V according to VDE specifications. This
means that no insulation fault should be present as long as the winding-to-winding resistance
is at least 400k and the resistance between windings and the grounded frame or housing
is at least 230k.

EEM/F/2 FAULT SWITCH 2 ACTUATED

11

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Measurement procedure
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding resistance for each of the coils
U, V, W and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding resistance can be measured with a
___________________________________________________..
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

Coil U (U1-U2)
Coil V (V1-V2)
Coil W (W1-W2)
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding-to-winding insulation
resistance values and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding-to-winding insulation resistance can be measured with an
___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1 V1
U1 W1
V1 W1
U2 V2
U2 W2
V2- W2

12

EEM/F/2 FAULT SWITCH 2 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the insulation resistance values between
windings and the frame or housing
and enter the values in the table provided for this
purpose.
The resistance between windings and frame

can be measured with an

___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1
V1
W1
U2
V2
W2-

EEM/F/2 FAULT SWITCH 2 ACTUATED

13

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Fill in all the measurements on the following diagram of the motor.

What can be said about the motor windings and insulation?

14

EEM/F/2 FAULT SWITCH 2 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Fault switch 5 actuated

Experiment objectives
Exercises:

Measurement of winding resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor

Measurement of insulation resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor
Identification of winding and/or insulation faults

Open the fault simulator and actuate fault switch 5 without simulating any other faults.
Close the fault simulator again.

EEM/F/3 FAULT SWITCH 5 ACTUATED

15

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Circuit
U1

V1

W1

W2

U2

V2

Terminal panel
Screen terminal

Housing (frame)

Stator coil "U"

Stator coil "W"

Stator coil "V"

M
3~

Sample measurements
Winding-to-winding insulation
resistance measurement

Winding resistance measurement

16

U1

V1

W1

W2

U2

V2

Winding-to-frame insulation
resistance measurement

EEM/F/3 FAULT SWITCH 5 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Equipment/components

Three-phase induction motor with squirrel-cage rotor

Multimeter (or ohmmeter, if available)
Insulation tester

Note:
The winding resistances (coil U, coil V, coil W) of a three-phase induction motor must be
identical in order to generate a symmetrical rotating field in the stator. However, even if the
winding resistances are identical, it is still possible for insulation faults to occur (winding-towinding or winding-to-frame).
A winding-to-winding insulation fault can result in a short circuit (triggering the circuit breaker)
or overcurrent which is then shut off by the motor protection relay or a general motor
protection mechanism (NTC, PTC).
A winding-to-frame insulation fault can pose a contact hazard since a potential difference
arises between the housing or frame and earth.
In this case, it is important to install a dependable protective mechanism which disconnects
the motor from the mains when hazardous contact voltages (> 50 V) occur.
The measured winding resistances should be approximately equal to the following values:
270 (0.1 kW), 100 (0.3 kW), 20 (1 kW).
The insulation resistances must be at least 1 k/V according to VDE specifications. This
means that no insulation fault should be present as long as the winding-to-winding resistance
is at least 400k and the resistance between windings and the grounded frame or housing
is at least 230k.

EEM/F/3 FAULT SWITCH 5 ACTUATED

17

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Measurement procedure
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding resistance for each of the coils
U, V, W and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding resistance can be measured with a
___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

Coil U (U1-U2)
Coil V (V1-V2)
Coil W (W1-W2)
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding-to-winding insulation
resistance values and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding-to-winding insulation resistance can be measured with an
___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1 V1
U1 W1
V1 W1
U2 V2
U2 W2
V2- W2

18

EEM/F/3 FAULT SWITCH 5 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the insulation resistance values between
windings and the frame or housing and enter the values in the table provided for this
purpose.
The resistance between windings and frame

can be measured with an

___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1
V1
W1
U2
V2
W2-

EEM/F/3 FAULT SWITCH 5 ACTUATED

19

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Fill in all the measurements on the following diagram of the motor.

What can be said about the motor windings and insulation?

20

EEM/F/3 FAULT SWITCH 5 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Fault switch 11 actuated

Experiment objectives
Exercises:

Measurement of winding resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor

Measurement of insulation resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor
Identification of winding and/or insulation faults

Open the fault simulator and actuate fault switch 11 without simulating any other
faults.
Close the fault simulator again.

EEM/F/4 FAULT SWITCH 11 ACTUATED

21

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Circuit
U1

V1

W1

W2

U2

V2

Terminal panel
Screen terminal

Housing (frame)

Stator coil "U"

Stator coil "W"

Stator coil "V"

M
3~

Sample measurements
Winding-to-winding insulation
resistance measurement

Winding resistance measurement

22

U1

V1

W1

W2

U2

V2

Winding-to-frame insulation
resistance measurement

EEM/F/4 FAULT SWITCH 11 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Equipment/components

Three-phase induction motor with squirrel-cage rotor

Multimeter (or ohmmeter, if available)
Insulation tester

Note:
The winding resistances (coil U, coil V, coil W) of a three-phase induction motor must be
identical in order to generate a symmetrical rotating field in the stator. However, even if the
winding resistances are identical, it is still possible for insulation faults to occur (winding-towinding or winding-to-frame).
A winding-to-winding insulation fault can result in a short circuit (triggering the circuit breaker)
or overcurrent which is then shut off by the motor protection relay or a general motor
protection mechanism (NTC, PTC).
A winding-to-frame insulation fault can pose a contact hazard since a potential difference
arises between the housing or frame and earth.
In this case, it is important to install a dependable protective mechanism which disconnects
the motor from the mains when hazardous contact voltages (> 50 V) occur.
The measured winding resistances should be approximately equal to the following values:
270 (0.1 kW), 100 (0.3 kW), 20 (1 kW).
The insulation resistances must be at least 1 k/V according to VDE specifications. This
means that no insulation fault should be present as long as the winding-to-winding resistance
is at least 400k and the resistance between windings and the grounded frame or housing
is at least 230k.

EEM/F/4 FAULT SWITCH 11 ACTUATED

23

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Measurement procedure
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding resistance for each of the coils
U, V, W and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding resistance can be measured with a
___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

Coil U (U1-U2)
Coil V (V1-V2)
Coil W (W1-W2)
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding-to-winding insulation
resistance values and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding-to-winding insulation resistance can be measured with an
___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1 V1
U1 W1
V1 W1
U2 V2
U2 W2
V2- W2

24

EEM/F/4 FAULT SWITCH 11 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the insulation resistance values between
windings and the frame or housing
and enter the values in the table provided for this
purpose.
The resistance between windings and frame

can be measured with an

___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1
V1
W1
U2
V2
W2-

EEM/F/4 FAULT SWITCH 11 ACTUATED

25

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Fill in all the measurements on the following diagram of the motor.

What can be said about the motor windings and insulation?

26

EEM/F/4 FAULT SWITCH 11 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Fault switches 1 and 4 actuated

Experiment objectives
Exercises:

Measurement of winding resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor

Measurement of insulation resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor
Identification of winding and/or insulation faults

Open the fault simulator and actuate fault switches 1 and 4 without simulating any
other faults.
Close the fault simulator again.

EEM/F/5 FAULT SWITCHES 1 AND 4 ACTUATED

27

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Circuit
U1

V1

W1

W2

U2

V2

Terminal panel
Screen terminal

Housing (frame)

Stator coil "U"

Stator coil "W"

Stator coil "V"

M
3~

Sample measurements
Winding-to-winding insulation
resistance measurement

Winding resistance measurement

28

U1

V1

W1

W2

U2

V2

Winding-to-frame insulation
resistance measurement

EEM/F/5 FAULT SWITCHES 1 AND 4 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Equipment/components

Three-phase induction motor with squirrel-cage rotor

Multimeter (or ohmmeter, if available)
Insulation tester

Note:
The winding resistances (coil U, coil V, coil W) of a three-phase induction motor must be
identical in order to generate a symmetrical rotating field in the stator. However, even if the
winding resistances are identical, it is still possible for insulation faults to occur (winding-towinding or winding-to-frame).
A winding-to-winding insulation fault can result in a short circuit (triggering the circuit breaker)
or overcurrent which is then shut off by the motor protection relay or a general motor
protection mechanism (NTC, PTC).
A winding-to-frame insulation fault can pose a contact hazard since a potential difference
arises between the housing or frame and earth.
In this case, it is important to install a dependable protective mechanism which disconnects
the motor from the mains when hazardous contact voltages (> 50 V) occur.
The measured winding resistances should be approximately equal to the following values:
270 (0.1 kW), 100 (0.3 kW), 20 (1 kW).
The insulation resistances must be at least 1 k/V according to VDE specifications. This
means that no insulation fault should be present as long as the winding-to-winding resistance
is at least 400k and the resistance between windings and the grounded frame or housing
is at least 230k.

EEM/F/5 FAULT SWITCHES 1 AND 4 ACTUATED

29

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Measurement procedure
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding resistance for each of the coils
U, V, W and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding resistance can be measured with a
___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

Coil U (U1-U2)
Coil V (V1-V2)
Coil W (W1-W2)
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding-to-winding insulation
resistance values and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding-to-winding insulation resistance can be measured with an
___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1 V1
U1 W1
V1 W1
U2 V2
U2 W2
V2- W2

30

EEM/F/5 FAULT SWITCHES 1 AND 4 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the insulation resistance values between
windings and the frame or housing
and enter the values in the table provided for this
purpose.
The resistance between windings and frame

can be measured with an

___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1
V1
W1
U2
V2
W2-

EEM/F/5 FAULT SWITCHES 1 AND 4 ACTUATED

31

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Fill in all the measurements on the following diagram of the motor.

What can be said about the motor windings and insulation?

32

EEM/F/5 FAULT SWITCHES 1 AND 4 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Fault switches 3 and 6 actuated

Experiment objectives
Exercises:

Measurement of winding resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor

Measurement of insulation resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor
Identification of winding and/or insulation faults

Open the fault simulator and actuate fault switches 3 and 6 without simulating any
other faults.
Close the fault simulator again.

EEM/F/6 FAULT SWITCHES 3 AND 6 ACTUATED

33

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Circuit
U1

V1

W1

W2

U2

V2

Terminal panel
Screen terminal

Housing (frame)

Stator coil "U"

Stator coil "W"

Stator coil "V"

M
3~

Sample measurements
Winding-to-winding insulation
resistance measurement

Winding resistance measurement

34

U1

V1

W1

W2

U2

V2

Winding-to-frame insulation
resistance measurement

EEM/F/6 FAULT SWITCHES 3 AND 6 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Equipment/components

Three-phase induction motor with squirrel-cage rotor

Multimeter (or ohmmeter, if available)
Insulation tester

Note:
The winding resistances (coil U, coil V, coil W) of a three-phase induction motor must be
identical in order to generate a symmetrical rotating field in the stator. However, even if the
winding resistances are identical, it is still possible for insulation faults to occur (winding-towinding or winding-to-frame).
A winding-to-winding insulation fault can result in a short circuit (triggering the circuit breaker)
or overcurrent which is then shut off by the motor protection relay or a general motor
protection mechanism (NTC, PTC).
A winding-to-frame insulation fault can pose a contact hazard since a potential difference
arises between the housing or frame and earth.
In this case, it is important to install a dependable protective mechanism which disconnects
the motor from the mains when hazardous contact voltages (> 50 V) occur.
The measured winding resistances should be approximately equal to the following values:
270 (0.1 kW), 100 (0.3 kW), 20 (1 kW).
The insulation resistances must be at least 1 k/V according to VDE specifications. This
means that no insulation fault should be present as long as the winding-to-winding resistance
is at least 400k and the resistance between windings and the grounded frame or housing
is at least 230k.

EEM/F/6 FAULT SWITCHES 3 AND 6 ACTUATED

35

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Measurement procedure
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding resistance for each of the coils
U, V, W and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding resistance can be measured with a
___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

Coil U (U1-U2)
Coil V (V1-V2)
Coil W (W1-W2)
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding-to-winding insulation
resistance values and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding-to-winding insulation resistance can be measured with an
___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1 V1
U1 W1
V1 W1
U2 V2
U2 W2
V2- W2

36

EEM/F/6 FAULT SWITCHES 3 AND 6 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the insulation resistance values between
windings and the frame or housing
and enter the values in the table provided for this
purpose.
The resistance between windings and frame

can be measured with an

___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1
V1
W1
U2
V2
W2-

EEM/F/6 FAULT SWITCHES 3 AND 6 ACTUATED

37

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Fill in all the measurements on the following diagram of the motor.

What can be said about the motor windings and insulation?

38

EEM/F/6 FAULT SWITCHES 3 AND 6 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Fault switches 4 and 5 actuated

Experiment objectives
Exercises:

Measurement of winding resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor

Measurement of insulation resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor
Identification of winding and/or insulation faults

Open the fault simulator and actuate fault switches 4 and 5 without simulating any
other faults.
Close the fault simulator again.

EEM/F/7 FAULT SWITCHES 4 AND 5 ACTUATED

39

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Circuit
U1

V1

W1

W2

U2

V2

Terminal panel
Screen terminal

Housing (frame)

Stator coil "U"

Stator coil "W"

Stator coil "V"

M
3~

Sample measurements
Winding-to-winding insulation
resistance measurement

Winding resistance measurement

40

U1

V1

W1

W2

U2

V2

Winding-to-frame insulation
resistance measurement

EEM/F/7 FAULT SWITCHES 4 AND 5 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Equipment/components

Three-phase induction motor with squirrel-cage rotor

Multimeter (or ohmmeter, if available)
Insulation tester

Note:
The winding resistances (coil U, coil V, coil W) of a three-phase induction motor must be
identical in order to generate a symmetrical rotating field in the stator. However, even if the
winding resistances are identical, it is still possible for insulation faults to occur (winding-towinding or winding-to-frame).
A winding-to-winding insulation fault can result in a short circuit (triggering the circuit breaker)
or overcurrent which is then shut off by the motor protection relay or a general motor
protection mechanism (NTC, PTC).
A winding-to-frame insulation fault can pose a contact hazard since a potential difference
arises between the housing or frame and earth.
In this case, it is important to install a dependable protective mechanism which disconnects
the motor from the mains when hazardous contact voltages (> 50 V) occur.
The measured winding resistances should be approximately equal to the following values:
270 (0.1 kW), 100 (0.3 kW), 20 (1 kW).
The insulation resistances must be at least 1 k/V according to VDE specifications. This
means that no insulation fault should be present as long as the winding-to-winding resistance
is at least 400k and the resistance between windings and the grounded frame or housing
is at least 230k.

EEM/F/7 FAULT SWITCHES 4 AND 5 ACTUATED

41

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Measurement procedure
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding resistance for each of the coils
U, V, W and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding resistance can be measured with a
___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

Coil U (U1-U2)
Coil V (V1-V2)
Coil W (W1-W2)
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding-to-winding insulation
resistance values and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding-to-winding insulation resistance can be measured with an
___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1 V1
U1 W1
V1 W1
U2 V2
U2 W2
V2- W2

42

EEM/F/7 FAULT SWITCHES 4 AND 5 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the insulation resistance values between
windings and the frame or housing
and enter the values in the table provided for this
purpose.
The resistance between windings and frame

can be measured with an

___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1
V1
W1
U2
V2
W2-

EEM/F/7 FAULT SWITCHES 4 AND 5 ACTUATED

43

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Fill in all the measurements on the following diagram of the motor.

What can be said about the motor windings and insulation?

44

EEM/F/7 FAULT SWITCHES 4 AND 5 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Fault switches 5 and 8 actuated

Experiment objectives
Exercises:

Measurement of winding resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor

Measurement of insulation resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor
Identification of winding and/or insulation faults

Open the fault simulator and actuate fault switches 5 and 8 without simulating any
other faults.
Close the fault simulator again.

EEM/F/8 FAULT SWITCHES 5 AND 8 ACTUATED

45

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Circuit
U1

V1

W1

W2

U2

V2

Terminal panel
Screen terminal

Housing (frame)

Stator coil "U"

Stator coil "W"

Stator coil "V"

M
3~

Sample measurements
Winding-to-winding insulation
resistance measurement

Winding resistance measurement

46

U1

V1

W1

W2

U2

V2

Winding-to-frame insulation
resistance measurement

EEM/F/8 FAULT SWITCHES 5 AND 8 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Equipment/components

Three-phase induction motor with squirrel-cage rotor

Multimeter (or ohmmeter, if available)
Insulation tester

Note:
The winding resistances (coil U, coil V, coil W) of a three-phase induction motor must be
identical in order to generate a symmetrical rotating field in the stator. However, even if the
winding resistances are identical, it is still possible for insulation faults to occur (winding-towinding or winding-to-frame).
A winding-to-winding insulation fault can result in a short circuit (triggering the circuit breaker)
or overcurrent which is then shut off by the motor protection relay or a general motor
protection mechanism (NTC, PTC).
A winding-to-frame insulation fault can pose a contact hazard since a potential difference
arises between the housing or frame and earth.
In this case, it is important to install a dependable protective mechanism which disconnects
the motor from the mains when hazardous contact voltages (> 50 V) occur.
The measured winding resistances should be approximately equal to the following values:
270 (0.1 kW), 100 (0.3 kW), 20 (1 kW).
The insulation resistances must be at least 1 k/V according to VDE specifications. This
means that no insulation fault should be present as long as the winding-to-winding resistance
is at least 400k and the resistance between windings and the grounded frame or housing
is at least 230k.

EEM/F/8 FAULT SWITCHES 5 AND 8 ACTUATED

47

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Measurement procedure
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding resistance for each of the coils
U, V, W and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding resistance can be measured with a
___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

Coil U (U1-U2)
Coil V (V1-V2)
Coil W (W1-W2)
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding-to-winding insulation
resistance values and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding-to-winding insulation resistance can be measured with an
___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1 V1
U1 W1
V1 W1
U2 V2
U2 W2
V2- W2

48

EEM/F/8 FAULT SWITCHES 5 AND 8 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the insulation resistance values between
windings and the frame or housing
and enter the values in the table provided for this
purpose.
The resistance between windings and frame

can be measured with an

___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1
V1
W1
U2
V2
W2-

EEM/F/8 FAULT SWITCHES 5 AND 8 ACTUATED

49

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Fill in all the measurements on the following diagram of the motor.

What can be said about the motor windings and insulation?

50

EEM/F/8 FAULT SWITCHES 5 AND 8 ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

All fault switches actuated

Experiment objectives
Exercises:

Measurement of winding resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor

Measurement of insulation resistance in a three-phase induction motor with squirrelcage rotor
Identification of winding and/or insulation faults

Open the fault simulator and actuate all fault switches.

Close the fault simulator again.

EEM/F/9 ALL FAULT SWITCHES ACTUATED

51

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Circuit
U1

V1

W1

W2

U2

V2

Terminal panel
Screen terminal

Housing (frame)

Stator coil "U"

Stator coil "W"

Stator coil "V"

M
3~

Sample measurements
Winding-to-winding insulation
resistance measurement

Winding resistance measurement

52

U1

V1

W1

W2

U2

V2

Winding-to-frame insulation
resistance measurement

EEM/F/9 ALL FAULT SWITCHES ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Equipment/components

Three-phase induction motor with squirrel-cage rotor

Multimeter (or ohmmeter, if available)
Insulation tester

Note:
The winding resistances (coil U, coil V, coil W) of a three-phase induction motor must be
identical to generate a symmetric rotary field in the stator. However, even if the winding
resistances are identical, it is still possible for insulation faults to occur (winding-to-winding or
winding-to-frame).
A winding-to-winding insulation fault can result in a short circuit (triggering the circuit breaker)
or overcurrent which is then shut off by the motor protection relay or a general motor
protection mechanism (NTC, PTC).
A winding-to-frame insulation fault can pose a contact hazard since a potential difference
arises between the housing or frame and earth.
In this case, it is important to install a dependable protective mechanism which disconnects
the motor from the mains when hazardous contact voltages (> 50 V) occur.
The measured winding resistances should be approximately equal to the following values:
270 (0.1 kW), 100 (0.3 kW), 20 (1 kW).
The insulation resistances must be at least 1 k/V according to VDE specifications. This
means that no insulation fault should be present as long as the winding-to-winding resistance
is at least 400k and the resistance between windings and the grounded frame or housing
is at least 230k.

EEM/F/9 ALL FAULT SWITCHES ACTUATED

53

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Measurement procedure
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding resistance for each of the coils
U, V, W and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding resistance can be measured with a
___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

Coil U (U1-U2)
Coil V (V1-V2)
Coil W (W1-W2)
Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the winding-to-winding insulation
resistance values and enter the values in the table provided.
Winding-to-winding insulation resistance can be measured with an
___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1 V1
U1 W1
V1 W1
U2 V2
U2 W2
V2- W2

54

EEM/F/9 ALL FAULT SWITCHES ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Select a suitable measuring instrument, measure the insulation resistance values between
windings and the frame or housing
and enter the values in the table provided for this
purpose.
The resistance between windings and frame

can be measured with an

___________________________________________________.
Resistance
Measurement

0.1 kW

0.3 kW

1 kW

U1
V1
W1
U2
V2
W2-

EEM/F/9 ALL FAULT SWITCHES ACTUATED

55

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Fill in all the measurements on the following diagram of the motor.

What can be said about the motor windings and insulation?

56

EEM/F/9 ALL FAULT SWITCHES ACTUATED

Troubleshooting on electrical machines

Working together with you and for you:

Your personal experience and observations can contribute to improvements to this product
and the elimination of any errors. Your comments will be of considerable importance to us in
future revisions of our manuals.
We wish to thank you for your interest and your
cooperation.

Reg.: Manual
Notes:
Date:

Copyright 2007 LUCAS-NLLE GmbH. All rights reserved.

This manual is protected by copyright. All rights pertaining thereto are reserved. Any reproduction of
this document as a file or in written form be it photocopy, microfilm or any other method or conversion
into a machine-compatible language, in particular for data processing systems, without the expressed
written approval of the LUCAS-NLLE GmbH is strictly forbidden.
The one specific exception to the above is the reproduction of worksheets for students to be used
entirely within the organisation that has purchased this resource and solely for the purposes of
education. Such worksheets may be reproduced in any numbers as long as no alterations to the
content are made.
If changes have been performed in a manner which was not strictly authorised by the LUCAS-NLLE
GmbH, any product liability or warranty claims pertaining thereto are null and void.

LUCAS-NLLE Lehr- und Megerte GmbH

Address: Siemensstrae 2 D-50170 Kerpen (Sindorf)
Postal address: Postfach 11 40 D-50140 Kerpen
Tel.: 02273 / 567-0 Fax: 02273 / 567-30 E-mail: vertrieb@lucas-nuelle.com

FEEDBACK

16

Lucas-Nlle Lehr- und Megerte GmbH

Siemensstrae 2 D-50170 Kerpen-Sindorf
Telefon +49 2273 567-0 Fax +49 2273 567-30
www.lucas-nuelle.de