Peristaltic Flow of A Conducting Williamson Fluid in A Vertical Asymmetric Channel With Heat Transfer Through Porous Medium

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ISSN 2321-6441
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Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2015
Peristaltic Flow of a Conducting Williamson

Fluid in a Vertical Asymmetric Channel with
Heat Transfer through Porous Medium
D. Shiva Kumar1, N. L. Bhikshu2, M. V. Ramana Murthy2 , Y. V. K. Ravi Kumar3
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, M. V. S. R. Engineering College, Nadergul, RangaReddy Dist., Telengana,

Hyderabad , India.
2
Department of Mathematics, Osmania Univeristy, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
Practice School Division, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, INDIA.
ABSTRACT
Mathematical modeling of the peristaltic flow of a Williamson fluid in a vertical asymmetric channel with heat transfer under
induced magnetic field is done in this paper. Solution is obtained by using the perturbation method as the equations are non
linear. The effect of various parameters on the pumping characteristics and on temperature is studied through graphs.
Key words: Peristalsis, Williamson fluid, heat transfer, Perturbation method.
1. INTRODUCTION
Peristaltic pumping is a form of fluid transport that occurs when a progressive wave of area contraction or expansion
propagates along the length of distensible duct. Researchers have discussed the peristaltic flows due to its increasing
importance especially in physiology, biological systems and engineering. These includes urine transport from kidney to
bladder, movement of chyme in the gastrointestinal tract, transport of spermatozoa, in the ducts efferent of the
reproductive tracts and in the cervical canal, in movement of ovum in the female fallopian tube, in the vasomotion of
small blood vessels and in biomedical systems including roller and finger pumps etc. In industrial applications, these
flows occur in blood pumps in heart-lung machine, in sanitary fluid transport and transport of corrosive fluids. Since
the pioneering works of Lantham [9] and Shapiro et al. [18] a number of analytical, numerical and experimental
studies of peristaltic flows of different fluids have been reported under different conditions with reference to
physiological and mechanical situations
Several researchers considered the fluid to behave like a Newtonian fluid for physiological peristalsis including the flow
of blood in arterioles. But such a model cannot be suitable for blood flow unless the non-Newtonian nature of the fluid
is included in it. The non-Newtonian peristaltic flow using a constitutive equation for a second order fluid has been
investigated by Siddiqui et al. [19]. They have performed a perturbation analysis with a wave number, including
curvature and inertia effects and have determined range of validity of their perturbation solutions. The effects of third
order fluid on peristaltic transport in a planar channel were studied by Siddiqui et al. [20] and the corresponding
axisymmetric tube results were obtained by Hayat et al. [7]. Haroun [6] studied peristaltic transport of third order fluid
in an asymmetric channel. Ravi Kumar Y. V. K et al. [16] studied the peristaltic flow of a power-law fluid in an
asymmetric channel bounded by permeable beds. Peristaltic motion of a Williamson fluid in an asymmetric channel
was studied by Nadeem and Akram [14].
In all the above mentioned studies no porous media has been taken into account. The study of blood flow through
arteries are of considerable importance in many cardiovascular diseases particularly arteriosclerosis. In some
pathological situations, the distribution of fatty cholesterol and artery clogging blood clots in the lumen of coronary
artery can be considered as equivalent to a porous medium. Elshehawey et al. [4] have studied the peristaltic motion of
a Carreau fluid through a porous medium in a channel. Mekheimer and Arabi [10] studied the non-linear peristaltic
transport of MHD flow through a porous medium. Elshehawey [5] have studied the peristaltic flow of Newtonian fluid
through a porous medium in an asymmetric channel.
Recently Radhakrishnamurthy et al.and Radhakrishnamacharya [15] have investigated flow through vertical porous
tube with peristalsis and heat transfer. It is found that in trees there is a core region through which water does not flow
and water flows only through the outer region. The mechanism of peristaltic transport has been exploited for industrial
applications like sanitary fluid transport, blood pumps in heart lung machine and transport of corrosive fluid where the
tact of the fluid with the machinery parts is prohibited. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) peristaltic flow of a fluid is
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of interest in connection with certain problems of the movement of conductive physiological fluids e.g. the blood and
blood pump machines. The effect of magnetic field on the blood flow has been discussed by Stud ct al. [17], Agarwal
and Anwaruddin [1], Hayat et al. [8, 2] and Mekheimer [11].
Recently, some contributions have been made for the peristalsis in non-Newtonian fluids which have promising
applications in physiology [2, 3]. There are several investigations to study the effect of an endoscope on peristaltic
motion for a Newtonian fluid [12, 13]. An endoscope is very important for medical diagnosis and it has many clinical
applications. The endoscope now is a very important tool used for determining real reasons responsible for many
problems in the human organs in which the fluid is transported by peristaltic pumping such as stomach, small intestine,
etc. Also from fluid dynamic point of view, there is no difference between an endoscope and catheter.
Keeping in mind the applications of non-Newtonian fluid model and the non-linear nature of the governing equation,
the aim of the present paper is to study the peristaltic flow of a Williamson fluid in a vertical asymmetric channel with
heat transfer and porous medium.
2. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
We consider the peristaltic motion of a Williamson fluid through a porous medium in a two-dimensional symmetric
channel of width 2a. The flow is generated by sinusoidal wave trains propagating with constant speed c along the
channel walls. A rectangular co-ordinate system (X, Y) is chosen such that X-axis lies along the centre line of the
channel in the direction of wave propagation and Y-axis transverse to it. Since we are considering uniform channel
therefore the upper wall is maintained at temperature T1 Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the channel. The wall
deformation is given by
b1 , b2 are the amplitudes of the waves, is the wave length, d 1 d 2 is the width of the channel, the phase
difference varies in the range 0 . 0 corresponds to asymmetric channel with waves out of phase and
the waves are in phase, and further b1 , b2 , d1 , d 2 and satisfies the condition
where
b12 b22 2b1b2 cos d1 d 2

The transformation from fixed frame to wave frame is given by
x X ct , y Y , u U c , v V , and p x P X , t
(3)
we introduce the following non-dimensional quantities where U and V are velocity components in the laboratory
frame , u and v are the velocity components in the wave frame and p and P are the pressure in wave and fixed
frames of reference respectively.
Fig. 1. Physical Model
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x
y
,y ,
XY
a1
a2
d
d
a
a
ca
c
a
p , , 1 1 , 2 2
XY , YY
Y Y , , Re
, We
,p
0 c
0 c
0
a
c0
c
b1
b2
u
,
c
v
,
c
c
t,
, XX
,
a
0 c XX
h1 h2
(4)
The equations governing the flow of a Williamson fluid are given by
U V
0
X Y
(5)
U
V
P XX XY
U
U
V
X
Y
X
X
Y
t
V
V
P XY YY
V
U
V
X
Y
Y
X
Y
t
(6)
(7)
Using the above non-dimensional quantities and the resulting equations in terms of velocity function can be written as
xy 1

(8)
Re u v u 2 xx
M 2 u 1 Gr .
y
Da

p
3 Re u
v v
2 xy yy
y
y
x
y
x
(9)
2

2
2
Re u
v
(10)
y y 2
x 2
x
where , Re , We, Gr represent the wave, Reynolds , Weissenberg and Grashoff numbers, respectively, is the non-
dimensional heat source/sink parameter . Under the assumption of long wave length and low Reynolds number,
neglecting the terms of order and higher, equations (8) to (10) take the form
u u 1
p
M 2 u 1 Gr.
1 We
x y
y y Da
p
0
(12)
y
2
0
(13)
y 2
The corresponding dimensionless boundary conditions are
at
u 1 , 0
u 1 , 1
at
y h1
y h2
(11)
(14)
(15)
3. SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM

Solving the equation (13), together with boundary conditions, (14) and (15), we get the temperature as
1
h2
h1
y2
h h2
h h2
y
1
h1 1
1
2
2 h2 h1
2
2
h2 h1
(16)
substitute equation (16) in equation (11), and solving by using the regular perturbation technique. For perturbation
solution, we expand
u u0 Weu1 OWe2
p
p p0
We 1 O We 2
x x
x
(17)
(18)
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substituting the above expression in equation (11) and boundary conditions equation (14) and equation (15), we get the
following system
0
3.1 System of order We

2u 0 1
y2
p
1
M
u
Gr
GrL1 y
M 2 L2Gr 0
0
2
y
2
x
Da
Da
Boundary conditions
u0 1 at y h1
u0 1
at
(19)
(20)
y h2
(21)
where
1
h h2 and
L1
1
2
h2 h1
3.2 System of order
L2
h12
h1
h h2
h1 1
2 h2 h1
2
We1
2
2u1 u0 1
p

M 2 u1 1

2
y
y y Da
x
(22)
Boundary conditions
u1 0
u1 0
at
at
y h1
y h2
(23)
(24)
3.3 Solution for System of order We

Solving equation (19) using the boundary conditions (20) and (21), we obtain
u 0 L3 cosh A y L4 sinh
where
Ay
Gr 2 L1Gr
Gr 1
1 p0
y
y 2 A L2 Gr
2A
A
A
A x
A
(25)
A
M2,
Da
sinh A h2 sinh A h1
sinh A h2 h1
sinh
A
2
1
g
1 p0 cosh A h2 cosh A h1
L4
sinh A h2 h1 A x
sinh A h2 h1
Gr 1
Gr 2 L1Gr
L3
1 p0
A x
f 1 2 A L2 Gr
h1
A
2A
A
h1 Sinh Ah2
Gr 2 L1Gr
Gr 1
1 2 A L2 Gr
h2
h2 Sinh Ah1
A
2A
A
A
Gr 1
Gr 2 L1Gr
g 1 2 A L 2 Gr
h1
h1 Cosh Ah2
A
2A
A
A
Gr 2 L1Gr
Gr 1
1 2 A L2 Gr
h2
h2 Cosh Ah1
A
2A
A
A
The volume flow rate q0 is given by
q0
B2 p0
B1
A A x
(26)
where
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B1
f sinh
A h1 sinh
A h cosh
A sinh A h h
A h2 g cosh
2
cosh
sinh A h sinh Ah
2
1
B2
A h2
A h2 cosh A h1
A h1 h2 sinh A h2 h1
sinh A h2 h1
The axial pressure gradient at this order is
p0 A Aq0 B1
x
B2
(27)
3.4 Solution for System of order We

Substituting equation (25) in the equation (22) and solving the Eq. (22), using the boundary conditions (23) and (24),
we obtain
u1 L5 cosh
A y L6 sinh
A
f 2 g2
3 sinh A h h
2
1
Ay
1 p1
Gr
2 L1
A x
A
Gr f
sinh 2 A y
2 A sinh A h2 h1
Grg
2 Gr 2

y
A A
2
y sinh
Ay
cosh
y
2 fg A cosh2 A y
y cosh A y
sinh A y
h
A
3sinh A h h
A cosh A y yGr g L f A sinh A y
A sinh A h h
(28)
A y
2 A sinh A h2
yGr f L g
1
where
1 p
Gr
L5 1 2 L1
A x
A
sinh A h2 sinh A h1
sinh A h2 h1
sinh
sinh
A h2 B 4 sinh
A h2
A h1
cosh A h2 cosh A h1 B3 cosh A h2 B 4 cosh A h1
sinh
A
h
h
sinh A h 2 h1
2
1
h
2 Gr
A
f 2 g2
Gr f
2
sinh 2 Ah
h1 sinh A h1 1 cosh
B3
h1
1
2
A A
3 sinh A h h
2 A sinh A h 2 h1
A
2
1
L6
1 p1
Gr
2 L1
A x
A
Ah1
2 fg A cosh2 Ah
3sinh A h h
h Gr f L g A cosh Ah h Gr g L f A sinh Ah
Grg
h
2
h1 cosh Ah1 1 sinh Ah1
2 A sinh Ah2 h1
A
1
A sinh
A h2 h1
2
2 Gr
A
f 2 g2
B4
h2
A A
3 sinh A h h
2
1
1
2
sinh 2 Ah
2
h
2
h2 sinh Ah2 2 cosh Ah2

2 A sinh A h2 h1
A
Grf
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Ah h Gr g L f A sinh Ah
A sinh A h h
Grg
h
2
2 fg A cosh 2 Ah2
h2 cosh Ah2 2 sinh Ah2
2
2 A sinh A h2 h1
A
3 sinh A h2 h1
h Gr f L g A cosh
The volume flow rate q1 is given by

2
B2 p1
Gr
2 L1 B5
A A x
A
q1
(29)
where
2
1 Gr 2
1
f 2 g2
2
cosh 2 Ah cosh 2 Ah
B5
h1 h2
1
2
A A
6 sinh A h h 2
2
1
Grf
3Grf
h12 cosh Ah1 h22 cosh Ah2

h1 sinh Ah1 h2 sinh Ah2
2 A sinh A h2 h1
2 A A sinh A h2 h1
3Grf
cosh A h1 cosh A h2
2
2 A sinh A h2 h1
Gr g
3Gr g
h12 sinh Ah1 h22 sinh Ah2

h1 cosh Ah1 h2 cosh Ah2
2 A sinh A h2 h1
2 A A sinh A h2 h1
3Gr g
2
2 A sinh
A h2 h1
h sinh
h
Gr f L1 g A
A A sinh
sinh
A h2
A h2
A h1 sinh
A h2
h cosh
h
1
A h2 h1
sinh 2
cosh
h
Gr f L1 g A
2
A sinh
A h1 h2 cosh A h2
A h2
A sinh
A h2
A h1 cosh
A h 2
sinh
h
A h1 sinh
The axial pressure gradient at this order is

2
Gr
A Aq1 B5 2 L1 B2
p1
A
x
B2
(30)
Substituting the equations (27) and (30) into the equation (18), we get
2
Gr
A A q B1 We B5 2 L1
x
B2
(31)
p is given by
2
Gr
A A q B1 We B5 2 L1

1
1
A
p dx
dx
x
B2
0
0
A h2
h1 h2
The pressure rise
A h1 sinh 2 A h2
Gr g L1 f A
2
fg
A h2
3 sinh
A h1 h2 sinh
Gr g L1 f A
A A sinh
(32)
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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
p with Q is shown for different values of a with We 0.01; b 0.5; d 0.7;

/ 2; Da 0.2; M 0.1; Gr 0.01; 0.02. It is observed that for given Q , p increases with
In figure (2), the variation of
the increase in a in pumping region
p 0,
free pumping region
p 0 , and
co-pumping region
p 0.
p with Q is shown for different values of b with We 0.01; a 0.3; d 0.7;
/ 2; Da 0.2; M 0.1; Gr 0.01; 0.02. It is observed that for given Q , p increases with
the increase in a in pumping region
p 0,
free pumping region
p 0 , and
co-pumping region
p 0.
p with Q is shown for different values of d with We 0.01; b 0.5; a 0.3;
/ 2; Da 0.2; M 0.1; Gr 0.01; 0.02. It is observed that for given Q , p decreases with
the increase in d in pumping region
p 0,
free pumping region
p 0 , and
co-pumping region
p 0.
p with Q is shown for different values of Darcy number Da with We 0.01;
b 0.5; d 0.3; / 2; a 0.3; M 0.1; Gr 0.01; 0.02. It is observed that for given Q ,
p decreases with the increase in Da in pumping region p 0 , free pumping region p 0 , and co-
pumping region p 0 .
p with Q is shown for different values of Gr with We 0.1; b 0.5; d 0.3;

/ 2; a 0.6; M 0.1; Da 0.2; 0.02. It is observed that for given Q , p decreases with the
increase in Gr in pumping region
p 0,
free pumping region
p 0 , and
co-pumping region
p 0.
p with Q is shown for different values of M with We 0.01; b 0.5;
d 0.3; / 2; a 0.3; Gr 0.01; Da 0.2; 0.02. It is observed that for given Q , p
increases with the increase in M in pumping region p 0 , free pumping region p 0 , and co-pumping
region p 0 .
p with Q is shown for different values of with We 0.01; b 0.5; d 0.3;

Gr 0.01; a 0.3; M 0.1; Da 0.2; 0.02. It is observed that for given Q , p decreases with
the increase in in pumping region p 0 , free pumping region p 0 , and co-pumping region
p 0.
p with Q is shown for different values of Weissenberg number
We with / 2; b 0.5; d 0.7; Gr 0.01; a 0.3; M 0.1; Da 0.2; 0.02. It is observed
that for given Q , p increases with the increase in We in pumping region p 0 , free pumping region
p 0 , and co-pumping region p 0.

y is shown for different values of a with
b 0.5; d 0.7; / 2; 0.3. It is observed that for given y , decreases with the increase in a .
Also for a given temperature , velocity y decreases for increase in a .
In figure (11), the variation of temperature with y is shown for different values of b with
a 0.6; d 0.7; / 2; 0.3. It is observed that for given y , increases with the increase in b .
Also for a given temperature , velocity y increases for increase in b .
In figure (10), the variation of temperature
with
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y is shown for different values of d with

a 0.6; b 0.5; / 2; 0.3. It is observed that for given y , decreases with the increase in d .
Also for a given temperature , velocity y decreases for increase in d .
In figure (13), the variation of temperature with y is shown for different values of with
a 0.6; b 0.5; / 2; d 0.7. It is observed that for given y , increases with the increase in .
Also for a given temperature , velocity y increases for increase in .
In figure (14), the variation of temperature with y is shown for different values of with
a 0.6; b 0.5; / 2; d 0.7. It is observed that for given y , increases with the increase in .
Also for a given temperature , velocity y increases for increase in .
In figure (12), the variation of temperature
with
10
a 0.3
5
a 0.5
a 0.7
10
1.0
0.5
Fig. 2 Variation of pressure rise
0.0
0.5
1.0
p with Q for different values of a .
10
b 0.1
b 0.5
b 0.9
p
0
5
10
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
p with Q for different values of b .
15
d 0.3
10
d 0.6
5
p
d 0.9
0
5
10
15
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
p with Q for different values of d .

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15
Da 0.2
10
Da 0.6
5
p
Da 1
0
5
10
15
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
p with Q for different values of Da .

Gr 0.1
20
Gr 0.5
10
p
Gr 0.9
0
10
20
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
p with Q for different values of Gr .

M 9
100
M 10
50
p
M 11
0
50
100
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
p with Q for different values of M .

6
20
2
10
p
0
10
20
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
p with Q for different values of .

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We 0.01
5
We 0.05
We 0.09
5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
p with Q for different values of We .

a 0.3
1.0
a 0.6
0.5
a 0.9
0.0
0.5
1.0
2
Fig. 10 Variation of
y with temperature for different values of a .
1.5
b 0.3
b 0.7
1.0
b 1
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
2
y with temperature for different values of b .
2.0
d 0.3
1.5
d 0.6
1.0
d 0.9
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
y with temperature for different values of d .

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0.3
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2
y with temperature for different values of .
1.5
6
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
2
y with temperature for different values of .
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Peristaltic Flow of A Conducting Williamson Fluid in A Vertical Asymmetric Channel With Heat Transfer Through Porous Medium

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Peristaltic Flow of A Conducting Williamson Fluid in A Vertical Asymmetric Channel With Heat Transfer Through Porous Medium

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IPASJ International Journal of Mechanical Engineering (IIJME)

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJME/IIJME.htm

A Publisher for Research Motivation........

Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2015