Campaign for Reforms

Aim of the Propaganda Movement

1. Philippines as province of Spain

2. Equal right of the Spaniards & the Filipinos

3. Representative in Spanish Cortez

4. Secularization & Pilipinasyon

5. Human Rights

Noli Me Tangere & El Filibusterismo

Jose Rizal: Great Thinker

Fray Botod, Esperanza & La Hija del Fraile

Graciano Lopez Jaena: Great Orator

Caiigat Cayo. Dasalan at Toksohon
and 10 Kautusan ng mga Prayle,

Marcelo H. Del Pilar: Great Political Analyst & Journalist

The newspaper of the Propaganda Movement

Features
the conditions of the
Philippines

What is the shorter name of La

Solidaridad?

Sol

The newspaper of the Propaganda Movement

1st edition: February 15 1889

Last edition: November 15 1895

Who is the first Editor- in- Chief of

Sol?

Jaena

Members of the Propaganda movement

Members outside the country
Filipinos mostly in Spain had enjoy the
freedom of the said country
but still used a different name (penname)to
protect their family in the Philippines

Members of the Propaganda movement

Members inside the country
Secretly supporting the
propaganda movement in Spain
Give financial assistant in the publication of
La Solidaridad as well as information
regarding the country

responsible for the distribution of

La Solidaridad

Members of the Propaganda movement

Penname
Jose Rizal: Dimasalang at Laon-Laan
Marcelo H. del Pilar: Plaridel; Dolores
Manapat
Mariano Ponce: Naning, Tikbalang
at Kalipulako
Jose Ma. Panganiban : Jomapa
Antonio Luna : Taga-ilog

What is the penname of Jaena?

D_ _ _ _
L____
Diego Laura

Assosacion
Hispano-Filipino
- Conceived as early as July 1888
- Inaugurated on January 1889 in Madrid

La Liga Filipina
A Civic Society proposed by
Dr. Jose Rizal
in his return to the Philippines.

Joined by other patriotic Filipino like:

Ambrosio Salvador (President),
Agustin dela Rosa(fiscal), Bonifacio Arevalo (treasurer),
Deodato Arellano (secretary) & members like
Andres Bonifacio

In what year was La Liga founded?

18 _ _
1892

Aims La Liga Filipina

To unite the
whole archipelago
into one strong body

Aims La Liga Filipina

To give
mutual protection for
all members
in case of necessity

Aims La Liga Filipina

To encourage
agriculture, commerce
and education

Aims La Liga Filipina

4 To defend the members

against any
kind of violence & injustice

Aims La Liga Filipina

To study
and apply reforms

Aims La Liga Filipina

The society was to be governed
by a supreme council, a provincial council
and popular council
The members of the society were
to pay a monthly due
of ten centavos

Use of money

To support
the son of the member of
the society

Use of money

To support the poor

against the rich
and the powerfully

Use of money

3 To give financial help to

any member
who suffered losses

Use of money

To open
stores &shops which with sell
goods to members
at a low price

Use of money

To introduce
machines in order to promote
industries

First meeting in July 3, 1892,

After 3 day (July 6) Rizal was arrested.

The government saw

La Liga Filipina
as an organization capable of uniting the Filipinos for
self-reliance and defence.
They view the civic organization to be dangerous.

Why the reform movement failed

Spain is too busy on their own problems
Financial difficulties
Reformist are not united

The failure of the Propaganda movement

led others to believe the
ineffectiveness of continuing a peaceful movement
Andres Bonifacio had a different idea he would teach
the people to defend themselves.
He establish a society that would not anymore
clamour for reforms but one that was ready for
revolution

What is the meaning of KKK?

Kataastaasang
Kagalanggalangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak
ng Bayan

Andres Bonifacio together with Teodora Plata,

Valentin Diaz, Ladislao Diwa, and Deodato Arellano
all of them belonging to lower class of society gathered
and organized a society on July 7, 1892 called:

Ang
Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan
ng mga Anak ng Bayan

K.K.K

katipunan

They performed the ancient

Filipino custom of sealing
friendship and that
SANDUGUAN

Where was Katipunan founded?

A________

Azcarraga

Recruitment of members

Triangle system:
Jose will recruit Pedro & Juan
The new members knew Jose but
did not knew each others

Recruitment of members

New system was use:

To speed up the process of
enlisting members
All members also agree to pay a membership & monthly dues
-One real fuerte (25 centavos)- Entrance fee
- Medio real (twelve centavos)- Monthly due

Aims of the Katipunan

civic
Principle of self-help
and the defence of the weak
and poor

Aims of the Katipunan

Political

Separation
of the
Philippines from Spain

Aims of the Katipunan

Moral

Teaching of good manners

hygiene and
good moral character

Membership

Katipon
2nd grade
Password: GomBurZa

Bayani

1st grade or lowest

pass word: Anak ng Bayan

Kawal
3rd grade
Password: Rizal

Members of Katipunan

Katipun

Bayani

Kawal

Last code
used during
the Tejeros
convention

Spanish
Alphabet

R
S

O
V

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
LL
M
N

Katipunan
Alphabet
D
C
B
A
H
G
F
E
L
K
J
I

N
M
LL
R

Flags of the
Katipunan
Official Katipunan Flags

Official Flags
Personal Flags

Flags of the
Katipunan

Official Flags
Personal Flags

Official Flags

Magdalo Factions Flag

Magdiwang Factions flag

Naik_Mil Agreement Flag

Flags of the
Katipunan

Official Flags
Personal Flags

Personal Flags

Bonifacios Flag

Gregorio Del Pilars Flag

Flags of the
Katipunan

Official Flags
Personal Flags

Personal Flags

Pio Del Pilars Flag

Llaneras Skull

Supremo of Katipunan

Deodato Arellano
Roman Basa
Andres Bonifacio

Katungkulan Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan

Duties of the Sons of People

Ten commandments
of Katipunan
Andres Bonifacio

Leading thinker of the Revolution of

1896

Duties of the Sons of People

Love God
with all your heart

Duties of the Sons of People

Bear always in mind that

love of God is also love of country
& this too, is love
of ones fellowmen

Duties of the Sons of People

Engrave in your heart

that the true measure of
honor & happiness is to die
for the freedom of your country

Duties of the Sons of People

All your good wishes will be

crowned with success if you have
serenity, constancy, reason & faith
in your acts & endeavour

Duties of the Sons of People

Guard the mandates & aims

of the K.K.K as you guard your honor

It is the duty of all to defend at

the risk of their own lives & wealth, anyone who
runs great risk in the performance of his duty

Duties of the Sons of People

Our responsibility to ourselves

& the performance of our duties will be the
examples set for our fellowmen to follow

In so far as it is within
your power share your means with the
Poor & the unfortunate

Duties of the Sons of People

Diligence in the work that gives sustenance
to you is the true basis of love- love for your
own self, for your wife & children, for your brothers
& countrymen

10

Punish any scoundrel & traitor

& praise all your good works.
Believe, likewise, that the aims for the
K.K.K are God-given, for the will of the
people is also the will of God.

Ang Kartilya ng Katipunan

Consisted of 13
teaching that members
are expected to take
this teaching by heart

Ang Kartilya ng Katipunan

Kamara Negra

Andres Bonifacio

Emilio Jacinto

Dr. Pio Valenzuela

What was the English term for

Camara Negra?

D___
C______

Dark Chamber

Kalayaan
Official newspaper of the Katipunan

Penname
Andres Bonifacio- Agapito Bagumbayan
Emilio Jacinto Dimas Ilaw
Pio Valenzuela Madlang Away

The Revolution

Conditions before the revolution

Spanish authorities were already
suspecting a brewing unrest related to
an underground society whose purpose
was to end Spanish rule

Conditions before the revolution

Friars informed the governor-general
about their suspicions but the governorgeneral did not believe them.

Conditions before the revolution

Secret gathering in Batangas where rifles &
other weaponry were being smuggled
occasionally along the coast of the province.

Conditions before the revolution

The Governor-General in order to pacify
the friars, ordered the banishment of some
prominent citizens of Batngas & Bulacan.

Conditions before the revolution

Money was difficult to get,
very few Filipinos are employed

There was no starvation

but the life of Filipino was
far from prosperous

Conditions before the revolution

They suffered from heavy taxation,
from abusive friars & civil authorities and
lack of economic opportunities

Conditions before the revolution

The government was spending
millions of pesos for the army & navy,
the amount should have spent
for public improvement is small
Very little was spent for improvements
in public works which would benefit the people

Conditions before the revolution

Of all the causes of people dissatisfaction
were the abuses of the Spaniard
- friars & civil authorities.
Natives experienced physical maltreatment in
public places and unjustly ordered to be
executed or banished to faraway places like
Guam, Jolo and Palawan.

Discovery of Katipunan
Teodoro
Patio

Sister

Madre Portera

What was the name of Teodoro

Patinos sister?

H______

Honoria

August 30
Martial Law
in the 8 province
which rose an
arm against the
Spaniards

What was the 8 provinces

put by Blanco under martial
law?

Rizal
Bulacan

Cavite

Laguna

Tarlac

Pampanga

Batangas
Nueva
Ecija

Blancos Policy of Attraction

Those who would surrender
within 48 hours after
the publication of decree would not
be subjected to military court

Blancos Policy of Attraction

Intended to win over the Filipinos
to the side of the government and
thus end the rebellion
Dr. Pio Valenzuela and his companions
took advantage of this provision
and surrender to the government

When Katipunan was discovered on Aug. 19

Bonifacio was in Caloocan he decided
to move to Balintawak.
He ordered to inform the Katipuneros
that there would be meeting in Balintawak
in Aug. 24.
Bonifacio reached Balintawak in the afternoon and
arrived the following day at the next sitio called
Pugad Lawin

Bonifacio asked his men

whether they were
prepared for freedom &
independence.
Everyone shouted they
were prepared to die

Bring out your cedulas & tear them to

pieces to show that we are prepared to take
up arms!
-Andres Bonifacio

Long live the Philippines! Long live

Katipunan
-Katipuneros

Tearing of
Cedula Personal in
Pugad Lawin

Rizals Trial & Execution

When was Rizal executed in

Bagumbayan?

December 30,
1896

Emilio Aguinaldo led the rebels

against the Spaniard in Kawit.
He won victory after victory and people
admired his qualities as a military leader
called him Heneral Miong

What was the other name given to

Aguinaldo?

E_____
T____

Emilio Tanda

2 factions of Katipunan in Cavite

Magdalo
Led by
Baldomero Aguinaldo
cousin of
Emilio Aguinaldo.
(Kawit)

Magdiwang
Led by
Mariano Alvarez.
(Naic)

In what degree Baldomero is

Aguinaldos cousin?

First

The rivalry between the two factions the led to

several defeats of the revolutions.
Accompanied by his wife and Bonifacio brothers
arrived in Cavite toward the end of Dec. 1896,
he was asked to mediate between the factions.
An assembly was held in Imus Dec. 31 1896
to determine whether Katipunan should be
transformed into another body of government

2 factions of Katipunan in Cavite

Magdalo

Magdiwang

Favored the
change in the
Katipunan
structure

Favored the
retention of
Katipunan

Nothing was resulted form this meeting

The Tejeros Convention

On March 22, 1897 a convention was held at the
estate house in Tejeros (now General Trias)
led by Jacinto Lumbreras a Magdiwang

The 1st part did not went well,

on 2nd part Bonifacio with
Artemio Ricarte presided the
convention

The Tejeros Convention

Present members agreed to
form a new government, official will be elected
by the those present in the convention
They agree to respect the outcome of the
election.

The Tejeros Convention

The result of the election placed the following
Katipuneros into office:

President Emilio Aguinaldo

Vice President Mariano Trias

Captain General Artemio Ricarte

Director of War Emiliano Riego de Dios

Director of the Interior Andres Bonifacio

The Tejeros Convention

When Bonifacio was being proclaimed
Daniel Tirona (Magdalo)
stood up & said that Jose del Rosario an
attorney from Cavite
was more qualified for the position
and should be elected

Hurt by the protest,

Bonifacio demanded Tirona took back what he
said but the latter refused.
Bonifacio took out his pistol & aimed at Tirona,
Ricarte was able to quickly held his hands.

The Tejeros Convention

The angry Bonifacio being the
incumbent Supremo of the Katipunan,
declared the result of the election as null & void.
Then he & his men hurriedly left the place

The Tejeros Resolution

Naik Military Agreement

Execution of Bonifacio brothers

The Bonifacio brothers was sentenced to be

shot to death Mayo 10, 1897.

Aguinaldo established a republic government at

Biak-na-Bato called Biak-na-Bato Republic

Biak na Bato in San Miguel,

Bulacan

Katipuneros in Biak
na Bato

In what place in Cavite where the

Bonifacio brothers executed?

M_________

Maragondon

Aguinaldo ordered the preparation for a

constitution for the republic
Felix Ferrer & Isabelo Artacho
copied word for word the
Cuban Constitution of Jimaguayun
except for one article the Preamble
declared the aim of the revolution for the
separation of the Philippines from Spain

A Filipino of Chinese
ancestry offered himself as
mediator and approached
Govenor Primo Rivera

Truce in Biak na Bato

The Agreement provided the following:

Aguinaldo &
his men would
go to voluntary exile

According to the Truce, where will

Aguinaldo be deported?

H_______

Hongkong

Truce in Biak na Bato

The Agreement provided the following:

Primo de Rivera
would pay Aguinaldo the
sum 800,000 in 3 instalment

 400,000 upon his departure from the

Philippines
200,000 when arms surrendered to the
Spanish authorities
200,000 when general amnesty had
been proclaimed

Truce in Biak na Bato

The Agreement provided the following:

Primo de Rivera
pay an additional 900,000
to families of non-combatant
Filipino who suffered
during the revolution

Aguinaldo in Hongkong

Replacement of Govenor General Primo de Rivera

(Basilio Augustin)
Spanish American War

Aguinaldo goes to
Singapore

Interview with the

Pratt

Hongkong Junta

Spanish American War

Political
Letter of Dupuy de Lome (official of Spain)
To his friend in Havana that the
American President (William Mc Kinley)
is a weak leader

Spanish American War

Society
The Cuban Revolution had won the sympathy
Americans

Spanish American War

Economic
Americans had big investment in Cuba
(sugar)

USS Maine Havana Harbor in Cuba

On Feb. 15, 1898 the American battleship USS

Maine exploded at Havana Harbor in Cuba,
Spain was blamed for the mishap

On April 25, 1898 the Congress of the

United State formally declared the war
on Spain.
However the investigation failed to
connect the explosion to the Spaniards

Who led the Americans in the

Battle of Manila Bay?

D____

Dewey

Battle of Manila Bay

Admiral George Dewey

Admiral Patricio Montojo

USS Olympia

Reina Cristina

Aguinaldo returns

The Siege of Manila

The Secret Agreement

The Mock Battle of

Manila

The American Terms