Lab Experiment # 7

Series type Ohmmeter using Galvanometer

Objective:

How to design a series type ohmmeter using Galvanometer.

Apparatus:

Galvanometer
Bread board
Digital multi meter
Connecting wires
Resistance of different values
Dc power supply

Theory:
Voltage source is connected in series with the galvanometer thats why we call
this type of ohmmeter as series type ohmmeter. A Known resistance is connected
to bring the pointer at 15 degree then unknown resistance can be found as:
Obtain Rx=

for open circuit.

Obtain Rx=0 for short circuit.

To find R2
R 2=

Rm R h
vImRm

To find R1
R 1=R h

Circuit Diagram:

Rm R h
V

Procedure:

Calculate Rm and Vm, for full scale deflection and then calculate Im =Vm /Rm
connect Rx=3K so that needle moved to 15 degree that is half of full scale.
Remove the 3K resistance and insert replace 1k, 2K, and 3K resistances.
Calibrate the scale for these resistances.
Calculate the value of the resistance for the R h=0 for short circuit.
Calculate the value of the resistance for Rh= for open circuit.

Observations and calculation:

Rm=2.45K
Sr.No.

Vm=0.69V
Resistances()

Im =0.2816 mA

Deflection()

1
2
3
4
5
6

Lab Experiment # 8
Shunt type Ohmmeter using Galvanometer
Objective:

How to design a shunt type ohmmeter using Galvanometer.

Apparatus:

Galvanometer
Bread board
Digital multi-meter
Connecting wires
Resistance of different values
Dc power supply

Theory:
Series ohm meter is called to this name because voltage source is connected in
shunt with galvanometer. A shunt type ohmmeter includes an internal resistor in parallel
with the galvanometer and internally connected DC power supply. A Known resistance
is connected to bring the pointer at 15 degree then unknown resistance can be found
as:
Obtain Rx=

for short circuit

Obtain Rx=0 for open circuit

To calculate R1:

R 1=

R h Rm 2 V
(
1)
Rm + R h ImRm

Circuit Diagram:

Procedure:
Calculate Rm and Vm, for full scale deflection and then find the Im by the formula
Im= Vm/ Rm
Insert Rx=3K and move the needle to 15 degree for the half scale deflection.
Remove the 3K resistance and insert replace 1k, 2K, and 470 resistances
and calibrate the scale for these resistances.
Find the value of the resistance for the Rh=0 open circuit.
Find the value of the resistance for R = for short circuit.
h

Observations and calculation:

Rm=
Sr.No.

Vm=
Resistances()

Im =_________
Deflection()

1
2
3
4
5
6

Lab Experiment No 9
DC Bridge to measure Unknown Resistance
Objective:
In this experiment, we can find the value of unknown resistance by using the
Wheatstone bridge.

Apparatus:

Breadboard
Dc power supply
Galvanometer
Resistances
Connecting wires
Digital multi meter

Variable resistor

Diagram:

Theory:
To determine the value of unknown resistance, the bridge is maintained at the
balanced condition. The bridge is said to be balanced when the potential difference
between the point A and B is 0 V so no current flowing through galvanometer.R2 is
the unknown resistance whose value is to be find. So by given formula:
R 2=

R3
R 1
R4

Procedure:

Connect the four resistances in the form of bridge.

Connect the galvanometer between point A and C.
Connect the Dc power supply between point B and D.
Balanced the bridge by varying the resistance R1.
Measure the value of R1 by using ohmmeter at which galvanometer shows 0 V.
Using formula calculate the resistance of unknown resistance.

Observation and calculation: