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A team of scientists from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and theUniversity of
California Riverside recently published a study in Nature Plantsunlocking the secret to how rice
seeds can survive under water.
The cover of Nature Plants September issue, featuring Tobias Kretzschmar and co.s study on rice seed survival underwater.
The study, which appears in the leading scientific journal Nature Plants, identified a gene that
controls the availability of sugar to a growing seed, especially when under flooded
conditions.Basically, the gene that we identified as AG1 (or OsTPP7) works opposite the one
found inscuba rice, in which the SUB1 gene signals the plant to conserve energy while
underwater, allowing it to stay dormant until the floodwater recedes, said Dr. Tobias
Kretzschmar, one of the papers authors and head of IRRIs Genotyping Services Laboratory.
A surprising find
The gene that we found creates an all or nothing escape mechanism that tricks the seed into
thinking that more sugar should be given to its shootthe plant part that grows into stems and
leavesso that the seed under water is able to grow more quickly and reach the surface of the
water, he said.He explained that the mechanism works when the seed is submerged up to a
water depth of 10 cm, and can get activated as soon as the seed is sown.This is the first time
anyone has established that the AG1 gene is responsible for this specific type of mechanism
because it comes from a family of genesand rice has 13 members of this family of genes,
Kretzschmar said.This mechanism is well known on the other end of plant development during
grain filling, but this is the first time its been shown to be important during germination, he
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One thing that Ive noticed is that Indica varieties, which are the ones mostly grown in the
tropical parts of Asia, lack the trait or ability to grow under flooded conditions, said
Kretzschmar.But in Japonica, varieties grown in the more temperate regions of Asia, Australia,
and the United States, the trait is present, he added. Thats why these varieties have fewer
problems with direct seeding.He explained that the missing trait is a problem, especially with
modern Indica varieties, as traditional ones have it.
Looking for an answer
Thanks to the AG1or OsTPP7gene (shown in blue), rice seeds will be able to grow and
survive when submerged in water up to 10 cm. (Photo: Tobias Kretzschmar)
We looked at a third to a half of IRRI released
varieties, but the gene was missing. At first, we
thought that maybe it was actively bred out,
meaning that it could have had some negative
effect, so the IRRI breeders selected against
it, Kretzschmar noted.But, since we couldnt
find any yield penalty or negative effect on
yield, we actually thought the gene got lost
and we know where it got lost.The gene, he
said, got lost during the time IR8, the famous
miracle rice variety, was bred, because one of its parents had the gene, whereas the other didnt.
Fitting pieces together
I guess it was just never needed as a trait because the varieties were transplanted almost every
time so there was no pressure for it. If they were direct seeded, then that gene would have
probably been retained from the very beginning, explained Kretzschmar.Now that direct
seeding is becoming popular, weve realized that we need that gene in the breeding program.
Through the marker-assisted backcrossing approach, which significantly reduces the breeding
period, you can reintroduce the gene and then fix it within one-and-a-half to two-and-a-half
years, he added.
The way forward
With the unfolding of the AG1 secret, the work of rice scientists is far from done. AG1 works
well in moderate stress conditions. In severe stress conditions, however, AG1 alone is not
sufficient; additional quantitative trait loci (QTLs) or genes that complement
the AG1 mechanism will be needed. IRRI and its partner universities are moving in that
direction.
Paula Bianca Ferrer is a communication specialist at IRRI.
http://ricetoday.irri.org/secret-unlocked-to-rice-seed-survival-underwater/
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http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/CCMB-scientists-to-collaborate-to-develop-multiresistant-varieties-of-rice/articleshow/48902491.cms
You probably have had kanji or rice water as a child or when you were really sick. You
might not have enjoyed the taste, but this humble concoction has various health benefits.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Is a good source of energy: Kanji or rice water is rich in carbohydrates, and hence, an
excellent source of energy. The body can easily derive energy by breaking down
carbohydrates. Drink a glass of rice water in the morning before heading out and you will
never feel dizzy or weak due to lack of energy.
Prevents constipation: It is rich in fibre and facilitates smooth bowel movements. Also, the
starch stimulates the growth of useful bacteria in the stomach promoting healthy bowel
movement.
Prevents dehydration: On a hot sunny day, rice water becomes your go-to-drink. In summer,
the body tends to lose water and salts through sweat and, rice water helps replenish the lost
nutrients and the water, reducing your chances of dehydration.
Home remedy for viral infections: Rice water is widely used as a remedy for fever as it
prevents water loss due to fever and vomiting during an infection. It helps replenish the lost
nutrients and speeds the recovery process [1].
Can manage diarrhoea: Rice water proves to be an excellent home remedy to treat diarrhoea
[2], not only in adults but also infants. Infants are more prone t o diseases like diarrhoea and if
not treated at the right time, can lead to severe dehydration. A study found that rice water was
more effective in controlling diarrhoea by reducing the volume and frequency of stool output
in babies [3].
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Cook a cup full of rice in three to four cups of water. Once the rice granules are half cooked, strain the liquid. To this liquid, add some salt or sugar to taste. Drink while warm.
For more articles on diseases & conditions, visit our diseases & conditionssection. For
daily free health tips, sign up for our newsletter. For health related Q&A, click here!
References:
1. Lum L, Ng C, Khoo E. Managing dengue fever in primary care: A practical
approach. Malaysian Family Physician: the Official Journal of the Academy of Family
Physicians of Malaysia. 2014;9(2):2-10.
2. National Research Council (US) Working Group on the Effects of Child Survival and General
Health Programs on Mortality; Ewbank DC, Gribble JN, editors. Effects Of Health Programs
on Child Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US);
1993. 4, Other Interventions Targeted at Single Diseases. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK236388/
3. Comparison of rice water, rice electrolyte solution, and glucose electrolyte solution in the
management of infantile diarrhoea. Mehta, MeenakshiN. et al. The Lancet , Volume 327 ,
Issue 8485 , 843 845
http://www.thehealthsite.com/diseases-conditions/health-benefits-of-kanji-po915/
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Bananas, plain Rice, Applesauce, dry Toast, and tea: These foods are generally safe to eat when
fighting off a bout of diarrhea, and will keep you feeling nourished
www.besthealthmag.ca/best
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http://www.businessincameroon.com/public-management/1109-5620-joining-hands-cameroon-s-customs-andmarine-prevent-1-000-bags-of-rice-from-being-fraudulently-exported
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Cambodias rice industry benefits from favourable trade agreements that may soon be
revoked. Vireak Mai
Saran said that when Cambodia graduates to a low-middle income economy and loses its
European Union-granted Everything But Arms (EBA) status giving least developed countries
duty free exports to the economic bloc Myanmar, which also enjoys the preferential treatment,
could extend its advantage given that its exports will be cheaper than the Kingdoms.When
EBA is off, we are going to have more hardship and the possibility of losing market share to
Myanmar, he said.But with jasmine rice, I am still optimistic that we can maintain our market
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impact of the floods would mean that the amount sold abroad this year would be down by more
than 400,000 tons on 2014-2015, said Dr Soe Tun, the vice chairman of the Myanmar Rice
Federation.The federation says figures for the fiscal year beginning on April 1 show that more
than 400,000 tons had been exported to August and applications have been made for export
licences involving 600,000 tons.Before the flood crisis began, the federation had been expecting
exports of nearly two million tons, up from more than 1.7 million tons that Commerce Ministry
figures show was exported in 2014-2014.
http://www.frontiermyanmar.net/rice-exports-to-resume-says-minister/
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A team of plant biologists believes that common rice varieties, domesticated over thousands
of years and now grown around the world, may have their ancestry in northern Australia.
Media player: "Space" to play, "M" to mute, "left" and "right" to seek.
00:00
00:00
AUDIO: Dr Robert Henry says wild rice from Cape York has links to varieties domesticated in
Asia, and could help to establish new rice growing regions in Australia's north(ABC Rural)
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The report concludes that the varieties of rice grown today have genetics that can be traced back
to "uncontaminated" wild rice from Australia's remote Cape York.Co-author professor Robert
Henry, the director of the Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI),
said his team's study found rice varieties developed in Asia over thousands of years may have
originated in Australia."We are reporting in Scientific Reports on the relationship between wild
and domesticated rice species, including the species we grow in northern Australia, particularly
Cape York," Mr Henry said."
We are confirming that these Australian populations are important relatives of domesticated rice.
It is quite possible that these have an ancestral relationship."The analysis we are doing shows
that the rice populations in northern Australia are very diverse genetically, with much more
variation than those we find further north in Asia."This suggests that maybe the origins are in
northern Australia, it's a centre of diversity and a possibly also the centre of origin of these
important species."
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"I don't believe it will be difficult to work with this [wild rice] material, it seems to be close
genetically to domesticated rice," he said."These things could happen in a relatively short period
of time, relative to the timescale we normally see for these sorts of innovations in
agriculture."Certainly within five to 10 years we could see both of these things happening.
"QAAFI is a partnership between the Queensland Government and the University of
Queensland, with a focus on developing sustainable and competitive tropical and sub-tropical
food, fibre and agribusiness industries.
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PHOTO: Aerobic rice is being grown in the Burdekin region, south of Townsville, in increasing
amounts (Carmen Brown)
Topics: rice, agricultural-crops, rural, brisbane-4000, townsville-4810, cairns-4870
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-11/wild-rice-australia-linked-to-main-varities-developedin-asia/6764924
Price
430
318
383
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Wheat
1
2
3
Honey
1
358
169
166
3190
4785
3685
For more info
Market Watch
Commodity-wise, Market-wise Daily Price on 10-09-2015
Domestic Prices
Unit Price : Rs per Qty
Product
Market Center
Variety
Min Price
Max Price
Bajra(Pearl Millet)
1
Amreli (Gujarat)
Other
1075
1560
2
Loharu (Haryana)
Deshi
1275
1275
3
Nira (Maharashtra)
Other
1550
1825
Rice
1
Gauripur (Assam)
Other
1800
3000
2
Kondotty (Kerala)
Other
7000
7200
3
Aroor (Kerala)
Other
2900
3100
Apple
1
Ateli (Haryana)
Other
5200
5200
2
Nagpur (Maharashtra)
Other
4000
7000
3
Karanjia (Orissa)
Other
5000
6000
Onion
1
Howly (Assam)
Onion
5000
5500
2
Muzaffarpur (Bihar)
Other
4400
4580
3
Barwala (Haryana)
Onion
3000
4000
Source:agmarknet.nic.in
For more info
Egg
Product
1
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Market Center
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Rs per 100 No
Price on 10-09-2015
Price
316
2
3
Source: e2necc.com
Chittoor
Pune
316
315
Product
Market Center
Onions Dry
1
Atlanta
2
Baltimore
3
Detroit
Carrots
1
Atlanta
2
Dallas
3
Detroit
Apples
Origin
Variety
Georgia
Peru
California
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
California
Arizona
California
Baby Peeled
Baby Peeled
Baby Peeled
Atlanta
Washington
Dallas
Washington
Chicago
Washington
Red
Delicious
Red
Delicious
Red
Delicious
20
22
22
13.50
14.50
Source:USDA
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The Philippines crop is lowered due to a decrease in area and expected yield. Global beginning
stocks are raised 1.8 million tons, due mostly to an increase in India. India's 2014/15 rice crop is
raised 2.3 million tons based on data released by the government of India. India's exports for
2015/16 are raised 500,000 tons to 9 million, partially offset by a reduction of 400,000 for
Burma to 1.8 million. Global 2015/16 rice consumption is lowered slightly from last month.
Global 2015/16 ending stocks are projected at 90.2 million tons, down 700,000 from last month,
and a decline of 11.7 million from the previous year. Endingstocks are lowered for Burma,
China, Egypt, Indonesia, and the Philippines; and raised for India and Vietnam.
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http://www.post-gazette.com/life/food/2015/08/19/Pack-to-school/stories/201508190007
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