GROUP 2: Synthesis of our Groups Report on Measurement and Evaluation

Professor: Sir Jay-R Manamtam

Presenter: Rodrigo Espina Jr.
Manager/Encoder: Honey Grace M. Osorio
Keeper: Rochelle Lagos
Synthesizers: Jasmin P. Jimenez & Marc Lawrence S. Santos
Researcher: Wella Mae D. Mamba
Encoder: Sherrlyn King
July 3, 2015, Friday (10:30 AM 12:00 PM)
I.

ENERGIZER
Energizer was presented by Group 5, led by Venus Silva.
Energizer 1: Three truths and a lie (Each will write at least 3 truths and a lie about himself on a
piece of paper and one in the class will look out for the lie among the statements)
Energizer 2: Who are you? (Volunteer student will leave the room and the rest of class will
decide an occupation for him or her. When the volunteer returns, he/she will guess the
occupation that has been chosen by the class)

II. DISCUSSION
TOPIC: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TESTING AND EVALUATION
Timeline
(2200 BC)

Chinese used competitive exam for civil service position

Both oral and written examinations are informal
Only 3% passed the exam
Only Chinese served as models for developing civil service exams in America and
Europe in 1800.

Weaknesses

Chinese fails to validate the selection procedures

Penmanship for suitability of office
All measurement test and evaluation are informal from 5th century B.C. to 1815

19th Century: Formal Measurement

Formal measurement procedures in Western Education System

Wilhelm Wundt
Psychological Laboratory (studied conscious human experience)
Individual Differences was acknowledged
Rigorous experimental control of procedures are very important in test
administration under standardized conditions.
Sir Francis Dalton
Studied individual differences
Tested 17,000 people in span of 10 years
Pioneered this study of individual differences
Demonstrated object test should be devised through standardized procedures
Intellectual ability to skills
James Mckeen Cattell
Invented the term mental test
His famous students are Thorndike, Wordsworth and E.K. Strong
Wundt, Dalton and Cattell laid the foundation of 20th century evaluation

TIME PERIOD 1: THE AGE OF REFORM (1792-1900s)

Quantitative mark to assess students performance permitted objective ranking of

examinees and the average and aggregating of scores.

The earliest method of formal evaluation in the US occurred in 1815.
First formal education evaluation in the US tools place in Boston, Massachusetts in 1845.
The futility of the Spelling Grind (Joseph Rice)

TIME PERIOD 2: THE AGE OF EFFICIENCY AND TESTING (1900-1930)

The scientific management by F. Taylor became influential to administrators in education.

Objective-based tests were critical in determining quality of instruction.
Educators regarded measurement and evaluation as synonyms with the latter thought of
as summarizing students test performance and assigning grades.

TIME PERIOD 3: THE TYLERIAN AGE (1930-1945)

Ralph Tyler: Father of Educational Evaluation

Each objective must be defined in terms which clarifies the kind of behavior which the
course should help to develop. Ralph Tyler

TIME PERIOD 4: THE AGE OF INNOCENCE (1946-1957)

Taxonomy of Educational Objectives by Bloom, Engelhart, Furst, Hill, and Krathwohl

Cognitive Domain Learning Outcomes
Objectives could be classified according to the type of learner behavior

TIME PERIOD 5: THE AGE OF DEVELOPMENT (1958-1972)

Another important factor in the development of evaluation was the emergence of

criterion-referenced testing
The Norm-referenced test was designed to discern the performances of students in group
A Criterion-referenced test was intended to measure individual performance
Educators were required to evaluate their efforts.

TIME PERIOD 6: THE AGE OF PROFESSIONALIZATION (1973-1983)

Evaluation emerged as a profession

Many journals were published
Importance of evaluation by offering causes in evaluation methodology

TIME PERIOD 7: THE AGE OF EXPASION AND INTEGRATION (1983-present)

Evaluation struggled under the Reagan administration in the early 80s

Evaluation had rebounded with the economy (early 90s)
Professional associations were developed along with evaluation standard

Philippine Setting:

Informal forms of testing during pre-colonial times

Spaniards shared their influence to our educational assessment through the methodologies
used by Jesuits, Dominicans and Franciscans in schools.

Remarkable Quote:
Sometimes, its the very people who no one imagines anything of, who do the things that no one
can imagine. Allan Turing