Chapter-2: Slope Deflection Method

By Prof. H.P.Sudarshan
Sri Siddhartha Institute Of Tech,
Tumkur

Example: Analyze the propped cantilever shown by using slope defection

method. Then draw Bending moment and shear force diagram.

Solution: End A is fixed hence A =0

End B is Hinged hence B 0
Assume both ends are fixed and therefore fixed end moments are
wL2
wL2
FAB
, FBA
12
12
The Slope deflection equations for final moment at each end are
2EI
2A B
MAB FAB
L
wL2 2EI

B
(1)
12
L
2EI
2B A
MBA FBA
L
wL2 4EI

B
( 2)
12
L
In the above equations there is only one unknown B .
To solve we have boundary condition at B;
Since B is simply supported, the BM at B is zero
ie. MBA=0.
From equation (2) MBA

wL2 4EI

B 0
12
L

wL3
EIB
- ve sign indicates the rotation is anticlockw ise
48

Substituting the value of EIB in equation (1) and (2) we have end moments

wL2 2 wL3
wL2


- ve sign indicates moment is anticlockw ise
12 L 48
8
wL2 4 wL3
0

12 L 48

MAB
MBA

MBA has to be zero, because it is hinged.

Now consider the free body diagram of the beam and find reactions using
equations of equilibrium.

MB 0
R A L MAB wL

L
2

wL2
L
5
wL wL
8
2
8
5
R A wL
8
V 0
R A RB wL

RB wL R A wL

3
wL
8

5
wL
8

Problem can be treated as

The bending moment diagram for the given problem is as below

The max BM occurs where SF=0. Consider SF equation at a distance of x

from right support
3
wL wX 0
8
3
X L
8
SX

Hence the max BM occurs at

Mmax

3
L from support B
8

3
3
w 3
MX wL L
L
8
8
2 8
9

wL2
128

And point of contra flexure occurs where BM=0, Consider BM equation at

a distance of x from right support.

3
X2
wLX w
0
8
2
3
X L
4
MX

For shear force diagram, consider SF equation from B

3
S X wL wX
8
3
S X 0 SB wL
8
5
S X L S A wL
8

Example: Analyze two span continuous beam ABC by slope deflection method.
Then draw Bending moment & Shear force diagram. Take EI constant

Solution: Fixed end moments are:

Wab 2
100 4 22

44.44KNM
L2
62
Wa 2b
100 42 2

88.89KNM
L2
62
wL2
20 52

41.67KNM
12
12
wL2 20 52

41.67KNM
12
12

FAB
FBA
FBC
FCB

Since A is fixed A 0 , B 0, C 0,
Slope deflection equations are:
2EI
2 A B
L
2EI
44.44
B
6
1
44.44 EI B
3
2EI
2B A
MBA FBA
L
2EI 2B
88.89
6
2
88.89 EIB
3
MAB FAB

(1)

( 2)

2EI
2B C
L
2EI
2B C
41.67
5
4
2
41.67 EIB EIC
5
5
2EI
2C B
MCB FCB
L
2EI
2C B
41.67
5
4EI
2
41.67
C EIB
5
5
MBC FBC

(3 )

( 4)

In all the above four equations there are only two unknown B and C . And
accordingly the boundary conditions are

-MBA-MBC=0
MBA+MBC=0

ii

MCB=0

since C is end simply support.

2
4
2
EIB 41.67 EIB EIC
3
5
5
22
2
47.22
EIB EIC 0
(5)
15
5
2
4
MCB 41.67 EIB EIC 0
(6)
5
5
Now

MBA MBC 88.89

Solving simultaneous equations 5 & 6 we get

EI B = 20.83

Rotation anticlockwise.

EI C = 41.67

Rotation anticlockwise.

Substituting in the slope definition equations

1
MAB = 44.44 + 20.83 51.38 KNM
3
2
MBA = + 88.89 + 20.83 75.00 KNM
3

4
20.83 2 41.67 75.00 KNM
5
5
2
4
MCB = + 41.67+ 20.83 41.67 0
5
5

MBC = 41.67+

Reactions: Consider the free body diagram of the beam.

Find reactions using equations of equilibrium.

Span AB:

MA = 0

RB6 = 1004+75-51.38
RB = 70.60 KN

V = 0

RA+RB = 100KN
RA = 100-70.60=29.40 KN

Span BC:

MC = 0

5
RB5 = 205 +75
2
RB = 65 KN

V=0

RB+RC = 205 = 100KN

RC = 100-65 = 35 KN

Using these data BM and SF diagram can be drawn.

Max BM:
Span AB: Max BM in span AB occurs under point load and can be found
geometrically
Mmax=113.33-51.38 -

75 51.38 4 46.20 KNM

6

Span BC:Max BM in span BC occurs where shear force is zero or

changes its sign. Hence consider SF equation w.r.t C
Sx = 35-20x = 0

35
=1.75m
20

Max BM occurs at 1.75m from C

Mmax = 35 1.75 20

1.75 2
= 30.625 KNM
2

Example: Analyze continuous beam ABCD by slope deflection method and then
draw bending moment diagram. Take EI constant.

Solution:

A 0, B 0, C 0
Wab 2
100 4 22

- 44.44 KN M
L2
62
Wa 2b
100 42 2
FBA

88.88 KNM
L2
62
F AB

FEMS

wL2
20 5 2
F BC

- 41.67 KNM
12
12
wL2
20 5 2
F CB

41.67 KNM
12
12
FCD 20 1.5 - 30 KN M

Slope deflection equations:

MAB F AB

MBA FBA

2EI
2A B 44.44 1 EIB
L
3

2EI
2B A 88.89 2 EIB
L
3

- - - - - - - -- 1

- - - - - - - -- 2

2EI
2B C 41.67 4 EIB 2 EIC
L
5
5

- - - - - - - - 3

2EI
2C B 41.67 4 EIC 2 EIB
L
5
5
MCD 30 KNM

- - - - - - - - 4

MBC FBC
MCB FCB

In the above equations we have two unknown rotations B and C , accordingly

the boundary conditions are:

MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
2
4
2
EIB 41.67 EIB EIC
3
5
5
22
2
47.22
EIB EIC 0
15
5

Now, MBA MBC 88.89

4
2
EIC EIB 30
5
5
2
4
11.67 EIB EIC
5
5

- - - - - - - - 5

And, MCB MCD 41.67

Solving (5) and (6) we get

EI B 32.67 Rotation @ B anticlockw ise

EI C 1.75

Rotation @ B clockwise

Substituting value of EIB and EIC in slope deflection equations we have

1
MAB 44.44 32.67 61.00 KNM
2
2
MBA 88.89 32.67 67.11 KNM
3
4
2
MBC 41.67 32.67 1.75 67.11 KNM
5
5
4
2
MCB 41.67 1.75 32.67 30.00 KNM
5
5
MCD 30 KNM

Reactions: Consider free body diagram of beam AB, BC and CD as shown

Span AB

RB 6 100 4 67.11 61
RB 67.69 KN
R A 100 RB 32.31 KN
Span BC

5
RC 5 20 5 30 67.11
2
RC 42.58 KN
RB 20 5 RB 57.42 KN

Maximum Bending Moments:

Span AB: Occurs under point load
67.11 61

Max 133.33 61
4 68.26 KNM
6

Span BC: where SF=0, consider SF equation with C as reference

S X 42.58 20 x 0
x

42.58
2.13 m
20

2.13 2
Mmax 42.58 2.13 20
30 15.26 KN M
2

Example: Analyse the continuous beam ABCD shown in figure by slope

deflection method. The support B sinks by 15mm.
Take E 200 105 KN / m2 and I 120 10 6 m4

Solution:
In this problem A =0, B 0, C 0, =15mm
FEMs:

FAB
FBA

Wab 2

44.44 KNM
L2
Wa 2 b

88.89 KNM
L2
wL2
41.67 KNM
8
wL2

41.67 KNM
8

FBC
FCB

FEM due to yield of support B

For span AB:

6EI

L2
6 200
15

105 120 10 6
6 KNM
2
6
1000

mab mba

For span BC:

6EI

L2
6 200
15

105 120 10 6
8.64KNM
2
5
1000
Slope deflection equation
mbc mcb

2EI
3
(2 A B )
L
L
EI
6EI
F AB 2 A B 2
L
L
1
- 44.44 EIB 6
3
1
50.44 EIB
3
2EI
6EI
MBA FBA
(2B A ) 2
L
L
2
88.89 EIB 6
3
2
82.89 EIB
3
2EI
6EI
MBC FBC
(2B C ) 2
L
L
2
- 41.67 EI2B C 8.64
5
4
2
33.03 EIB EIC
5
5
2EI
6EI
MCB FCB
(2C B ) 2
L
L
2
41.67 EI2C B 8.64
5
4
2
50.31 EIC EIB
5
5
MCD 30 KNM
MAB F AB

- - - - - - - -- 1

- - - - - - - -- 2

- - - - - - - -- 3

- - - - - - - -- 4
- - - - - - - -- 5

There are only two unknown rotations B and C . Accordingly the boundary
conditions are
MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0

Now, MBA MBC 49.86 22 EI B 2 EI C 0

15
5
2
4
MCB MCD 20.31 EI B EI C 0
5
5
Solving these equations we get
EI B 31.35 Anticl ockwise

EI C 9.71 Anticl ockwise

Substituting these values in slope deflections we get the final moments:
1
31.35 60.89 KNM
3
2
MBA 82.89 31.35 61.99 KNM
3
4
2
MBC 33.03 31.35 9.71 61.99 KNM
5
5
4
2
MCB 50.31 9.71 31.35 30.00 KNM
5
5
MCD 30 KNM
MAB 50.44

Consider the free body diagram of continuous beam for finding reactions

Reactions:
Span AB:
RB 6 = 100 x 4 + 61.99 60.89
RB = 66.85
RA = 100 RB
=33.15 KN
Span BC:
RB 5 = 20 x 5 x
RB = 56.40 KN
RC = 20 x 5 - RB
=43.60 KN

5
+ 61.99 30
2

Example: Three span continuous beam ABCD is fixed at A and continuous over
B, C and D. The beam subjected to loads as shown. Analyse the beam by slope
deflection method and draw bending moment and shear force diagram.

Solution:
Since end A is fixed A 0, B 0, c 0, D 0
FEMs:
Wl
60 4

- 30 KNM
8
8
Wl
60 4
FBA

30 KNM
8
8
M
FBC 12.5 KNM
4
M
FCB 12.5 KNM
4
wl2
10 42
FCD

- 13.3 3 KNM
12
12
wl2
10 42
FDC

13.33 KNM
12
12
F AB

Slope deflection equations:

2EI
2 A B
L
2EI
0 B
- 30
4
- 30 0.5EIB
2EI
2B A
MBA F BA
L
2EI
2B 0
30
4
30 EIB
M AB F AB

- - - - - - - - 1

- - - - - - - -- 2

2EI
2B C
L
2EI
2B C
12.5
4
12.5 EIB 0.5EIC
2EI
2 C B
MCB F CB
L
2EI
2 C B
12.5
4
12.5 EIC 0.5 EIB
2EI
2 C D
MCD F CD
L
2EI
2 C D
- 13.33
4
13.33 EI C 0.5EI D

- - - - - - - - - - 5

2EI
2D C
L
2EI
2D C
13.33
4
13.33 0.5EI C EI D

- - - - - - - - - - 6

MBC F BC

- - - - - - - -- 3

- - - - - - - -- 4

MDC F DC

In the above Equations there are three unknowns, EI B ,EI C & EI D ,

accordingly the boundary conditions are:

MBA MBC 0

ii MCB MCD 0
iii MDC 0
Now

( hinged)

MBA MBC 0
30 EIB 12.5 EIB 0.5EIC 0
2EIB 0.5EIC 42.5 0

MCB MBC 0
12.5 EIC 0.5EIB 13.33 EIC 0.5EID 0
0.5EIB 2EIC 0.5EID 0.83 0
MDC 0
13.33 0.5EIC EID 0

8
9

By solving (7), (8) & (9), we get

EI B 24.04
EI C 11.15
EI D 18.90
By substituting the values of B , c and D in respective equations we get

MAB 30 0.5 24.04 42.02 KNM

MBA 30 24.04 5.96 KNM

MBC 12.5 - 24.04 0.5 11.15 - 5.96 KNM

MCB 12.5 11.15 0.5 24.04 11.63 KNM
MCD 13.33 11.15 0.5 18.90 11.63 KNM
MDC 13.33 0.511.15 18.90 0 KNM
Reactions: Consider the free body diagram of beam.

Beam AB:
60 2 5.96 42.02
20.985 KN
4
R A 60 RB 30.015 KN
RB

Beam BC:
11.63 50 5.96
13.92 KN
4
RB RC 13.92 KN RB is downward
RC

Beam CD:
10 4 2 11.63
17.09 KN
4
RC 10 4 RD 22.91 KN
RD

Example: Analyse the continuous beam shown using slope deflection method.
Then draw bending moment and shear force diagram.

Solution: In this problem A 0, end A is fixed

FEMs:

wl2
10 82

- 53.33 KNM
12
12
wl2
FBA
53.33 KNM
12
Wl
30 6
FBC

- 22.50 KNM
8
8
WL
FCD
22.50 KNM
8

F AB

Slope deflection equations:

2EI
2 A B
L
2E 3I
0 B
- 53.33
8
3
- 53.33 EIB
4

M AB F AB

2EI
2B A
L
2E 3I
2B 0
53.33
8
3
53.33 EIB
2

- - - - - - - - 1

MBA F BA

- - - - - - - - 2

2EI
2B C
L
2E2I
2B C
- 22.5
6
4
2
- 22.5 EIB EIC
3
3

MBC F BC

2EI
2 C B
L
2E2I
2 C B
22.5
6
4
2
22.5 EIC EIB
3
3

- - - - - - - - 3

MCB F CB

- - - - - - - - 4

In the above equation there are two unknown B and C , accordingly the
boundary conditions are:

i MBA MBC 24 0
ii MCB 0
3
4
2
EIB 22.5 EIB EIC 24
2
3
3
17
2
54.83
EIB EIC 0
5
6
3

Now, MBA MBC 24 53.33

and MCB 22.5

4
2
EIC EIB 0
3
3

2
1
EIC 11.25 EIB
3
3

- - - - - - - - - -- (6)

Substituting in eqn. (5)

17
1
EIB 11.25 EIB 0
6
3
15
44.58
EIB 0
6
44.58 6
EIB
17.432 rotation anticlockwise
15
54.83

 from equation (6)

3
1

11.25 17.432

2
3

8.159 rotation anticlockw ise

EIC

Substituting EIB 17.432 and EIC 8.159 in the slope deflection equation
we get Final Moments:
3
MAB 53.33 - 17.432 -66.40 KNM
4
3
MBA 53.33 17.432 27.18 KNM
2
4
17.432 2 8.159 51.18 KNM
3
3
4
2
MCB 22.5 8.159 ( 17.432) 0.00
3
3
MBC 22.5

Reactions: Consider free body diagram of beams as shown

Span AB:
27.18 66.40 10 8 4
35.13 KN
8
R A 10 8 RB 44.87 KN
RB

Span BC:

51.18 30 3
23.53 KN
6
RC 30 RB 6.47 KN
RB

Max BM
Span AB: Max BM occurs where SF=0, consider SF equation with A as origin

S x 44.87 - 10x 0
x 4.487 m
4.487 2
M max 44.87 4.487 10
64 36.67 KNM
2
Span BC: Max BM occurs under point load
51.18
BC Mmax 45
19.41 KN M
2

Example: Analyse the beam shown in figure. End support C is subjected to an

anticlockwise moment of 12 KNM.

Solution: In this problem A 0, end is fixed

FEMs:

wl2
20 42

26.67 KNM
12
12
wl2
FCB
26.67 KNM
12
FBC

Slope deflection equations:

2EI
2 A B
M AB F AB
L
2E2I
0 B
0
4
EIB
2EI
2B A
MBA F BA
L
2E2I
2B 0
0
4
2EIB
2EI
2B C
MBC F BC
L
2E 1.5I
2B C
- 26.67
4
3
3
- 26.67 EIB EIC
2
4
2EI
2 C B
MCB F CB
L
2E 1.5I
2C B
26.67
4
3
3
26.67 EIC EIB
2
4

- - - - - - - -- 1

- - - - - - - -- 2

- - - - - - - -- 3

- - - - - - - -- 4

In the above equation there are two unknowns B and C , accordingly the
boundary conditions are

MBA MBC 0
MCB 12 0
Now, MBA MBC 2EIB 26.67

3
3
EIB EIC
2
4

7
3
EIB EIC 26.67 0
2
4
3
3
and, MCB 12 26.67 EIC EIB 12
2
4
3
3
38.67 EIB EIC 0
4
2
From (5) and (6)
7
3
EIB EIC 26.67 0
2
4
3
3
EIB EIC 19.33 0
8
4

- - - - - - - -- (5)

- - - - - - - -- (6)

25
EIB 46 0
8
EIB 46

8
14.72
25

From (6)

2
3

38.67 14.72
3
4

33.14
- ve sign indicates rotation anticlockw ise

EIC

Substituti ng EIB and EIC is slope deflection equations

MAB EIB 14.72 KNM
MBA 2EIB 2(14.72) 29.42 KNM
3
3
(14.72) 33.14 29.44 KNM
2
4
3
3
MCB 26.67 ( 33.14 ) (14.72) 12 KNM
2
4
MBC 26.67

Reaction: Consider free body diagrams of beam

Span AB:
14.72 29.44
11.04 KN
4
R A RB 11.04 KN
RB

Span BC:
29.44 12 20 4 2
50.36 KN
4
RC 20 4 RB 29.64 KN
RB

Example: Analyse the simple frame shown in figure. End A is fixed and ends B &
C are hinged. Draw the bending moment diagram.

Solution:
In this problem A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0,
FEMS:-

FAB
FBA
FBC
FCB
FCD
FDB

Wab 2
120 2 42

106.67 KNM
L2
62
Wa 2b
120 22 4

53.33 KNM
L2
62
wl2
20 42

26.67 KNM
12
12
wl2
20 42

26.67 KNM
12
12
WL
20 4

10 KNM
8
8
WL

10 KNM
8

Slope deflections are

2EI
2A B
MAB FAB
L
2E2I
B 106.67 2 EIB
106.67
6
3

(1 )

2EI
2B B
L
2E2I
2B 53.33 4 EIB
53.33
6
3
2EI
2B C
MBC FCB
L
2E 3I
3
3
26.67
2B C 26.67 EIB EIC
4 2
2
4
2EI
2C B
MCB FCB
L
2E 3I
3
3
26.67
2C B 26.67 EIC EIB
4 2
2
4
MBA FBA

2EI
2B D
L
2EI
2B D 10 EIB 1 EID
10
4
2
2EI
2D B
MDB FDB
L
2EI
2D B 10 EID 1 EIB
10
4
2

(2 )

(3 )

(4 )

MBD FBD

(5 )

(6 )

In the above equations we have three unknown rotations B , C , D accordingly

we have three boundary conditions.
MBA MBC MBD 0
MCB 0
Since C and D are hinged
MDB 0
Now
4
3
3
1
MBA MBC MBD 53.33 EIB 26.67 EIB EIC 10 EIB EID
3
2
4
2
23
3
1
36.66
EIB EIC EID 0
- - - -- (7)
6
4
2
3
3
MCB 26.67 EIB EIC 0
- - - -- (8)
4
2
1
MDB 10 EIB EID 0
- - - -- (9)
2

Solving equations 7, 8, & 9 we get

EIB 8.83
EIC 13.36
EID 14.414
Substituting these values in slope equations

M AB 106.67

4
( 8.83 ) 41.56 KNM
3
3
3
26.67 ( 8.3) ( 13.36 ) 49.94 KNM
2
4
3
3
26.67 ( 13.36 ) ( 8.83 ) 0
2
4
1
10 ( 8.83 ) ( 14.414 ) 8.38 KNM
2
1
10 (14.414 ) ( 8.83 ) 0
2

MBA 53.33
MBC
M CB
MBD
MDB

2
( 8.83 ) 112.56 KNM
3

Reactions: Consider free body diagram of each members

Span AB:
41.56 112.56 120 2
28.17 KN
6
R A 120 RB 91.83 KN
RB

Span BC:
49.94 20 4 2
52.485 KN
4
RC 20 4 RB 27.515 KN
RB

Column BD:
20 2 8.33
7.92 KN
4
HA HD 20
HB 12.78 KN
HD

Example: Analyse the portal frame shown in figure and also drawn bending
moment and shear force diagram

Solution:
Symmetrical problem
- Sym frame + Sym loading
A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0
FEMS
W 1ab 2 W 2 cd2

L2
L2
80 2 42 80 4 22

- 106.67 KNM
62
62
Wa 2b W 2 c 2d
FCB

106.67 KNM
L2
L2
FBC

Slope deflection equations:

2EI
2A B 0 2EI 0 B 1 EIB
L
4
2
2EI
2EI
2B A 0 2B 0 EIB
MBA FBA
L
4
MAB F AB

- - - - - - - - 1
- - - - - -- 2

2EI
2B C
L
2E2I
4
2
106.67
(2B C ) 106.67 EIB EIC - - - - - - 3
6
3
3
2EI
2C B
MCB FCB
L
2E2I
4
2
106.67
(2C B ) 106.67 EIC EIB - - - - - - 4
6
3
3
2EI
2C D
MCD FCD
L
2EI
0
(2C 0) EIC
- - - - - -- 5
4
MBC FBC

2EI
2D C
L
2EI
1
0
(0 C ) EIC
4
2

MDC FDC

- - - - - -- 6

In the above equation there are two unknown rotations. Accordingly the boundary
conditions are

MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
7
2
Now MBA MBC 106.67 EIB EIC 0
3
3
2
7
MCB MCD 106.67 EIB EIC 0
3
3
Multiply by (7) and (8) by 2

49
14

EIB
EIC 0

3
3
subtracts
4
14
213.34 EIB
EIC 0
3
3

746.69

45
EIB 0
3
3
EIB 960.03
64
45
- 960.03

Clockwise

- - - - - -- (7)
- - - - - -- (8)

Using equation (7)

EIC
-

3
7

106.67 EIB

2
3

3
7

106.67 64 64 Anticlo ckwise

2
3

Here we find B C . It is obvious because the problem is symmetrical.

Final moments are

64
32 KNM
2
MBA 64 KNM
M AB

4
2
64 64 64 KNM
3
3
4
2
MCB 106.67 ( 64 ) 64 64 KNM
3
3
MCD 64 KNM
MBC 106.67

MDC

1
64 -32 KNM
2

Consider free body diagrams of beam and columns as shown

By symmetrical we can write

R A RB 60 KNM

RD RC 80 KNM
Now consider free body diagram of column AB
Apply

MB 0
HA 4 64 32
HA 24 KN

Similarly from free body diagram of column CD

Apply

MC 0
HA 4 64 32
HD 24 KN

Check:

H 0
HA HD 0
Hence okay

Note: Since symmetrical, only half frame may be analysed. Using first three
equations
and taking B C

Example: Analyse the portal frame and then draw the bending moment diagram

Solution:
This is a symmetrical frame and unsymmetrically loaded, thus it is an
unsymmetrical problem and there is a sway
Assume sway to right.
Here A 0,D 0,B 0,D 0
FEMS:
Wab 2
80 5 32

56.25 KNM
L2
82
Wa 2b
80 52 3
FCB

93.75 KNM
L2
82
FBC

Slope deflection equations

MAB F AB
0
MBA FBA
0

2EI
3
2 A B
L
L
2EI
3 1
3
0 B EIB EI
4
4 2
8

- - - - - - - - 1

2EI
3
2B A
L
L
2EI
3
3
2B 0 EIB EI
4
4
8

- - - - - - - - 2

2EI
2B C
L
2EI
2B C 56.25 1 EIB 1 EIC
56.25
8
2
4
2EI
2C B
MCB FCB
L
2EI
2C B 93.75 1 EIC 1 EIB
93.75
8
2
4
2EI
3
MCD FCD
2C D
L
L
MBC FBC

0
MDC FDC
0

2EI
3
3
2C 0 EIC EI
4
4
8

- - - - - - - -- 3

- - - - - - - -- 4

- - - - - - - -- 5

2EI
3
2D C
L
L
2EI
3 1
3
0 C EIC EI
4
4 2
8

- - - - - - - -- 6

In the above equation there are three unknowns B , C and , accordingly the
boundary conditions are,
MBA MBC 0

Jo int conditions

MCB MCD 0
HA HD PH 0

- - - Shear condition

MAB MBA MCD MDC

0
4
4
MAB MBA MCD MDC 0
3
1
1
Now, MBA MBC EIB EI 56.25 EIB EIC 0
8
2
4
3
1
3
56.25 EIB EIC EI 0
2
4
8
1
1
3
And, MCB MCD 93.75 EIC EIB EIC EI 0
2
4
8
1
3
3
93.75 EIB EIC EI 0
4
2
8
i.e,

1
3
3
3
EIB EI EIB EI EIC EI
2
8
8
8
1
3
EIC EI
2
8`
3
3
3
EIB EIC EI 0
9
2
2
2
EI EIB EIC

And, MAB MBA MCD MDC

From (9)

Substitute in (7) & (8)

Eqn (7)

3
1
3
EIB EIC EIB EIC 0
2
4
8
9
1
56.25 EIB EIC 0
8
8
56.25

- - - - - -- 10

Eqn(8)

1
3
3
EIB EIC EIB EIC 0
4
2
8
1
9
93.75 EIB EIC 0
8
8
93.75

- - - - - - - - - - 11

Solving equations (10) & (11) we get EIB 41.25

By Equation (10)

EIC 8 56.25 EIB

8

8 56.25 41.25 78.75

8

EI EIB EIC 41.25 78.75 37.5

Hence

EIB 41.25, EIC 78.75, EI 37.5

Substituting these values in slope deflection equations, we have

1
41.25 3 37.5 34.69 KNM
2
8
3
MBA 41.25 37.5 55.31 KNM
8
1
1
MBC 56.25 41.25 78.75 55.31 KNM
2
4
1
1
M CB 93.75 78.75 41.75 64.69 KNM
2
4
3
M CD 78.75 37.5 64.69 KNM
8
1
3
MDC 78.75 37.5 25.31 KNM
2
8
M AB

Reactions: consider the free body diagram of beam and columns

Column AB:
HA

34.69 55.31
22.5 KN
4

Span BC:

55.31 64.69 80 3
28.83 KN
8
RC 80 RB 51.17
RB

Column CD:
HD

64.69 25.31
22.5
4

Check:
H = 0
HA + HD = 0
22.5 22.5 = 0
Hence okay

Example: Frame ABCD is subjected to a horizontal force of 20 KN at joint C as

shown in figure. Analyse and draw bending moment diagram.

Solution:
Frame is Symmetrical and unsymmetrical loaded hence there is a sway.
Assume sway towards right

FEMS

F AB F BA F BC F CB F CD F DC 0
Slope deflection equations are
2EI
3
MAB F AB
2 A B
L
L
2EI
3
B
3
3
2
2
EIB EI
3
3
2EI
3
MBA FBA
2B A
L
L

2EI
3
2B
3
3
4
2
EIB EI
3
3

- - - - - - - -- 1

MBC FBC

2EI
2B C
L

2EI
2B C
4
EIB 0.5 EIC

MCB FCB

- - - - - - - - 3

2EI
2C B
L

2EI
2C B
4
EIC 0.5 EIB

MCD FCD

- - - - - - - - 4

2EI
3
2C D
L
L

2EI
3
2C

3
3
4
2
EIC EI
3
3
2EI
3
MDC FDC
2D C

L
L

2 EI
3
c

3
3
2
2
EIC EI
3
3

- - - - - - - -- 6

The unknown are B, , C & . Accordingl y the boundary conditions are

I. MBA MBC 0
I I. MCB MCD 0
III. HA HD 20 0
i.e,

MAB MBA MCD MDC

20 0
3
3
MAB MBA MCD MDC 60 0
4
2
EIB EI EIB 0.5EIC
3
3
7
2
EIB 0.5EIC EI 0 7
3
3

Now MBA MBC

4
2
EIC EI
3
3
7
2
0.5EIB EIC EI 0 8
3
3

and MCB MCD EIC 0.5EIB

and MAB MBA MCD MDC 60

2
2
4
2
4
EIB EI EIB EI EIC
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
EI EIC EI 60
3
3
3
8
2EIB 2EIC EI 60 0 9
3

Solving (7).(8) & (9) we get

EI B 8.18,
EI C 8.18,
EI 34.77
Substituting the value of B , C and in slope deflection equations
2
8.18 2 34.77 17.73 KNM
3
3
4
2
MBA 8.18 34.77 12.27 KNM
3
3
MBC 0 8.18 0.5 8.18 12.27 KNM
MAB

MCB 0.5 8.18 8.18 12.27

KNM

4
8.18 2 34.77 12.27 KNM
3
3
2
2
MDC 8.18 34.77 17.73 KNM
3
3
MCD

Reactions: Consider the free body diagram of the members

Member AB:
17.73 12.27
HA
10 KN
3
Member BC:

12.27 12.27
6.135 KN
4
RB RC 6.135 KN
- ve sign indicates direction of RB downwards
RC

Member CD:

HD

17.73 12.27
10 KN
3

Check:

H = 0
HA + HD + P = 0
+10 + 10 20 = 0
Hence okay

- ve sign indicates the direction of HD is left to right

Example: Analyse the portal frame subjected to loads as shown. Also draw
bending moment diagram.

The frame is symmetrical but loading is unsymmetrical. Hence there is a sway.

Assume sway towards right. In this problem A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0
FEMs:

wl2
10 42

- 13.33 KNM
12
12
wl2
10 42
FBA

13.33 KNM
12
12
wl
90 10
FBC

- 112.5 KNM
8
8
wl 90 10
FCB

112.5 KNM
8
8
Slope deflection equations:
2EI
3
M AB F AB
2 A B
L
L
2EI
3
- 13.33
0 B
4
4
- 13.33 0.5 EIB 0.375 EI
2EI
3
MBA F BA
2 B A
L
L
F AB

2EI
3
2B 0
4
4
13.33 EIB 0.375 EI

- - - - - - - -- 1

13.33

- - - - - - - -- 2

2EI
2B C
L
2E3I
2B C
- 112.5
10
- 112.5 1.2EI B 0.6EIC
2EI
2 C B
MCB F CB
L
2E3I
2 C B
112.5
10
112.5 1.2EI C 0.6 EIB
MBC F BC

- - - - - - - -- 3

- - - - - - - -- 4

2EI
3
2 C D
L
L
2EI
3
0
2 C 0
4
4
EI C 0.375 EI

- - - - - - - -- 5

2EI
3
2 D C
L
L
2EI
3
0
0 2 C
4
4
0.5EI C 0.375 EI

- - - - - - - -- 6

MCD F CD

MDC F DC

There are 3 unknowns EIB, EIC and EI , accordingly the boundary conditions
are
MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
HA HD 40 0

Here HA 4 MAB MBA 10 4

4
2

MAB MBA 80
4
and HD 4 MCD MBC
HA

HD

MCD MDC
4

MAB MBA 80 MCD MDC

40 0
4
4
MAB MBA MCD MDC 80 0

Now MBA + MBC = 0

13.33EIB 0.375EI 112.5 1.2EIB 0.6EIC 0

2.2EIB 0.6EIC 0.375EI 99.17 0

and MCB MDC 0

- - - - - - - - (7)

112.5 1.2EIC 0.6EIB EIC 0.375EI 0

112.5 2.2EIC 0.6EIB 0.375EI 0
also MAB MBA MCB MDC 80 0

- - - - - - - - (8)

13.33 0.5EIB 0.375EI 13.33 EIB 0.375EI EIC 0.375EI

0.5EIC 0.375EI 80 0
1.5EIB 1.5EIC -1.5EI 80 0
By solving (7), (8) and (9) we get

EI B 72.65
EI C 59.64
EI 66.34
Final moments:

MAB 13.33 0.572.65 0.375 66.34 -1.88 KNM

MBA 72.65 0.37566.34 61.10 KNM

MBC 112.5 1.272.65 0.6 59.64 61.10 KNM

MCB 112.5 1.2 59.64 0.672.65 84.52 KNM
MCD 59.64 0.375(66.34 ) 84.52 KNM
MDC 0.5( 59.64 ) 0.375(66.34 ) 54.70 KNM

- - - - - - - -- (9)

Reactions: Consider the free body diagrams of various members

Member AB:
61.10 1.88 10 4 2
4
5.195 KN
- ve sign indicates direction of HA is from right to left

HA

Member BC:
84.52 61.10 90 5
47.34 KN
10
RB 90 RC 38.34 KN
RC

Member CD
HD

84.54 54.7
34.81 KN
4

Check
H = 0
HA + HD +10 4 = 0
-5.20 - 34.81+ 40 = 0
Hence okay

Example: Analyse the portal frame and then draw the bending moment diagram

Solution:
Since the columns have different moment of inertia, it is an unsymmetrical
frame. Assume sway towards right

FEMS:

WL
80 6

60 KNM
8
8
WL
FCB
60 KNM
8
Here A 0, D 0
FBC

Slope deflection equations

MAB F AB
0
MBA FBA
0

2EI
3
2 A B
L
L
2EI
3 1
3
0 B EIB EI
4
4 2
8

- - - - - - - - 1

2EI
3
2B A
L
L
2EI
3
3
2B 0 EIB EI
4
4
8

- - - - - - - - 2

2EI
2B C
L
2E2I
2B C 60 4 EIB 2 EIC
60
6
3
3
2EI
2C B
MCB FCB
L
2E2I
2C B 60 2 EIB 4 EIC
60
6
3
3
2EI
3
MCD FCD
2C D
L
L
MBC FBC

0
MDC FDC
0

2E2I
3
3
2C 0 2EIC EI
4
4
4

- - - - - - - -- 3

- - - - - - - -- 4

- - - - - - - -- 5

2EI
3
2D C
L
L
2E2I
3
3
0 C EIC EI
4
4
4

- - - - - - - -- 6

In the above equation there are three unknowns B , C and , accordingly the
boundary conditions are,
MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0

Jo int conditions

HA HD 0

- - - Shear condition

MAB MBA MCD MDC

0
4
4
MAB MBA MCD MDC 0
i.e,

3
4
2
EI 60 EIB EIC 0
8
3
3
7
2
3
60 EIB EIC EI 0
3
3
8

Now, MBA MBC EIB

2
4
3
EIB EIC 2EIC EI 0
3
3
4
2
10
3
EIB
EIC EI 60 0
3
3
4

And, MCB MCD 60

1
3
3
3
EIB EI EIB EI 2EIC EI
2
8
8
4
3
EIC EI
4
3
9
EIB 3EIC EI 0
9
2
4

And, MAB MBC MCD MDC

4 3

EIB 3EIC
9 2

Substituti ng value of EI in (7)

EI

From (9)

7
2
3 4 3

EIB EIC EIB 3EIC 60 0

3
3
8 9 2

7
2
1
1
EIB EIC EIB EIC 60 0
3
3
4
2
25
1
EIB EIC 60 0
12
6

- - - - - -- 10

Substituting value of EI in (8)

2
10
3 4 3

EIB
EIC EIB 3EIC 60 0
3
3
8 9 2

2
10
1
EIB
EIC EIB EIC 60 0
3
3
2
1
7
EIB EIC 60 0
6
3

Solving (10) & (11) we get EI B =31.03

By Equation (11)
3 1

EIB 60

7 6

27.3

EIC

Now

EI

4 3

EIB 3EIC 16.55

9 2

Now
EI B =31.03, EIC 27.3 , EI 16.55

- - - - - -- 11

Substituting these values in slope deflection equations,

The final moments are:
1
3
MAB 31.03 16.55 21.72 KNM
2
8
3
MBA 31.03 16.55 37.24 KNM
8
4
2
MBC 60 31.03 27.93 37.25 KNM
3
3
2
4
MCB 60 31.03 27.93 43.43 KNM
3
3
3
MCD 2( 27.93) ( 16.55) 43.45 KNM
4
3
MDC 27.93 16.55 15.52 KNM
4

Reactions: consider the free body diagram of beam and columns

Column AB:
HA

37.25 21.72
14.74 KN
4

Beam BC:

37.25 43.45 80 3
38.97 KN
6
RC 80 RB 41.03
RB

Column CD:
HD

43.45 15.52
14.74 KN
4

Check:
H = 0
HA + HD = 0
14.74-14.74=0
Hence okay

Ex: Portal frame shown is fixed at ends A and D, the joint B is rigid and joint C is
hinged. Analyse the frame and draw BMD.

Solution:
FEMs:

WL 80 6

60KNM
8
8
WL 80 6
FCB

60KNM
8
8
Here A 0, D 0, B 0, CB 0, CD 0
FBC

Since C is hinged member CB and CD will rotate independently. Also the

frame is unsymmetrical, will also have sway. Let the sway be towards right.
The slope deflections are:
MAB FAB

2EI
3
2 A B
L
L

2EI
3
0 B
4
4
1
3
EIB EI
2
8
0

( 1)

MBA FBA

2EI
3
2B A
L
L

2EI
3
2B 0
4
4
3
EIB EI
8
2EI
3
FBC
2B C
L
L
2E.2I
2B CB
60
6
4
2
60 EIB EICB
3
3
2EI
2CB B
FCB
L
2E.2I
2CB B
60
6
4
2
60 EICB EIB
3
3
2EI
3
FCD
2CD D
L
L

(3 )

2EI
3
2CD 0
4
4
3
EICD EI
8
2EI
3
FDC
2D CD
L
L

( 5 )

MBC

MCB

MCD

( 2)

(4 )

MDC

2EI
3
0 CD
4
4
1
3
EICD EI
2
8
0

( 6 )

In the above equations B , CB , CD and are unknowns. According the

boundary conditions are
I. MBA+MBC = 0,
II. MCB = 0,
III. MCD = 0,

i..e,

IV. HA+HD = 0
MAB MBA MCD MDC

0
4
4
MAB MBA MCD MDC 0

Now using the boundary conditions:

3
4
2
MBA MBC EIB EI 60 EIB EICB
8
3
3
7
2
3
EIB EICB EI 60 0
( 7 )
3
3
8
2
4
MCB EIB EICB 60 0
( 8 )
3
3
3
MCD EICD EI 0
( 9 )
8
1
3
3
3
1
3
MAB MBA MCD MDC EIB EI EIB EI EICD EI EICD EI 0
2
8
8
8
2
8
3
3
3
EIB EICD EI 0 ( 10 )
2
2
2
3
From ( 9 ) EIcD EI
(11 )
8
Sub in ( 10 )
MAB MBA MCD MDC

3
3 3
3
EIB EI EI 0
2
2 8
2

3
15
EIB
EI 0
2
16
16 3
8
Equation (12) gives EI
EIB EIB
15 2
5

( 12 )
( 13 )

Substituti ng in Equation ( 7 )
MBA MBC

7
2
3 8

EIB EICB EIB 60 0

3
3
8 5

2
7 3
EIB EICB 60
3
3 5
26
2

EIB EICB 60 0
15
3

( 14 )

Substituti ng in Equation ( 8 ) and multiplyin g equation (14) by 2 we have

2
4
EIB EICB 60 0
3
3
52
4
EIB EICB 120 0
15
3
__________ __________ _

42
EIB 180 0
15
__________ __________ _

EIB 180

15
64.29
42

8
8
EIB 64.29 102.864
5
5
3
From (11) EICD EI 38.574
8
3 7
3

From (7) EICB EIB EI 60

2 3
8

From(13) EI

3 7
3

64.29 102.864 60
2 3
8

77.165
EIB 64.29, EICB 77.165,
EICD 38.57,

EI 102.864

Final Moments are

1
64.29 3 102.864 6.42 KNM
2
8
3
64.29 102.864 25.72 KNM
8
4
2
60 64.29 77.165 25.72 KNM
3
3
4
2
60 77.165 64.29 0
3
3
3
38.574 102.864 0
8
1
3
38.574 102.864 19.29 KNM
2
8

MAB
MBA
MBC
MCB
MCD
MDC

Reactions: Consider the free body diagram of various members

Column AB:
HA

Beam BC:

25.72 6.42
4.825 KN
4

25.72 80 3
44.29 KN
6
RC 80 44.29 35.71 KN
RB

Column CD:
HD

19.28
4.82 KN
4

Check:
H = 0
HA+HD = 0
Hence okay.

Example: Analyse the portal frame shown in figure the deflection method and
then draw the bending moment diagram

Fig
Solution:
The frame is unsymmetrical, hence there is a sway. Let the sway be
towards right.

A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0
FEMS:
20 52
41.67 KNM
12
20 52
FCB
41.67 KNM
12
FCE 15 2 30 KNM
FBC

Slope deflection equations

MAB F AB
0
MBA FBA
0

2EI
3
2 A B
L
L
2EI
3
0 B 0.5EIB 0.375EI
4
4

- - - - - - - - 1

2EI
3
2B A
L
L
2EI
3
2B 0 EIB 0.375EI
4
4

2EI
2B C
L
2E 1.5I
2B C 41.67 1.2EIB 0.6EIC
41.67
5
2EI
2C B
MCB FCB
L
2E 1.5I
2C B 41.67 1.2EIC 0.6EIB
41.67
5
2EI
3
MCD FCD
2C D
L
L

- - - - - - - - 2

MBC FBC

0
MDC FDC
0

2EI
3
2C 0 EIC 0.375EI
4
4

- - - - - - - -- 3

- - - - - - - -- 4

- - - - - - - -- 5

2EI
3
2D C
L
L
2EI
3
0 C 0.5EIC 0.375EI
4
4

- - - - - - - -- 6

In the above equation there are three unknowns B , C and , accordingly the
boundary conditions are,

MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD MCE 0
HA HD 0
i.e, MAB MBA MCD MDC 0

Now,
MBA MBC 0

EIB 0.375EI 141.67 1.2EIB 0.6EIC 0

2.2EIB 0.6EIC 0.375EI 41.67 0

And, MCB MCD 41.67 1.2EIC 0.6EIB EIC 0.375EI 30 0
0.6EIB 2.2EIC 0.375EI 11.67 0

MAB MBC MCD MDC 0

0.5EIB 0.375EI EIB 0.375EI 2EIC 0.375EI 0.5EIC 0.375EI 0
1.5EIB 1.5EIC 1.5EI 0

Solving the above equations

we get, EI B 23.98 , EI C 9.36, EI 14.62
Substituting these values in slope deflection equations, we have
MAB 0.523.98 0.37514.62 6.50 KNM

MBA 23.98 0.37514.62 18.50 KNM

MBC 41.67 1.223.98 0.6 9.36 18.51 KNM

MCB 41.67 1.2 9.36 0.623.98 44.83 KNM

MCD 9.36 0.375( 14.62) 14.84 KNM
MDC 0.5 9.36 0.375 14.62 10.16 KNM
MCE 30 KNM

Reactions: consider the free body diagram of beam and columns

Column AB:
HA

18.5 6.5
6.25 KN
4

Span BC:

44.83 18.5 20 5 2.5

55.27 KN
5
RB 20 5 RC 44.73
RC

Column CD:
10.16 14.84
HD
6.25
4

Check:
H = 0
HA + HD = 0
=0
Hence okay

Example: Analyse the portal frame shown and then draw bending moment
diagram.

Solution:
It is an unsymmetrical problem hence there is a sway be towards right
A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0
FEMs:

wl2
20 52
FBC

- 41.67 KNM
12
12
wl2 20 52
FCB

41.67 KNM
12
12
Slope deflection equations:
2EI
3
M AB F AB
2 A B
L
L
2EI
3
0
0 B
3
3
2
2
EIB EI
3
3
2EI
3
MBA F BA
2 B A
L
L
2EI
3
0
2 B 0
3
3
4
2
EIB EI
3
3

- - - - - - - -- 1

- - - - - - - -- 2

2EI
3
2 B C
L
L
2E 1.5I
2B C
- 41.67
5
6
3
- 41.67 EIB EIC
5
5
2EI
3
MCB F CB
2 C B
L
L
2E 1.5I
2 C B 0
41.67
5
41.67 1.2EI C 0.6 EIB
MBC F BC

2EI
3
2 C D
L
L
2EI
3
0
2 C 0
4
4
EI C 0.375 EI

- - - - - - - -- 3

- - - - - - - -- 4

MCD F CD

- - - - - - - - - - 5

2EI
3
2 D C
L
L
2EI
3
0
0 C
4
4
0.5EI C 0.375 EI

MDC F DC

- - - - - - - - - - 6
In the above equations there are three unknown B , C and and accordingly the
Boundary conditions are:

MBA MBC 0
M CB M CD 0
H A HD 0
i.e

M AB MBA M CD MDC

0
3
4
4(M AB MBA ) 3(M CD MDC ) 0

Now

MBA MBC 0
4
2
6
3
EIB EI EIB EIC 41.67
3
3
5
5
3
2
2.53EIB EIC EI 41.67 0 (7)
5
3
MCB MCD 0
41.67 1.2EIC 0.6EIB EIC 0.375EI 0
41.67 2.2EIC 0.6EIB 0.375EI 0 (8)
MAB MBA MCD MDC

0
3
4
2
4
2
2

4 EIB EI EIB EI
3
3
3
3

3 EIC 0.375EI 0.5EIC 0.375EI 0

8
8
16
8
EIB EI
EIB EI 4.5EIC 2.25EI 0
3
3
3
3
8EIB 4.5EIC 7.53EI 0
(9)

By solving (7), (8) and (9) we get

EI B 25.46
EI C 23.17
EI 12.8
Final moments:

2
2
25.46 12.8 8.44 KNM
3
3
4
2
MBA 25.46 12.8 25.40 KNM
3
3
6
3
MBC 25.46 23.17 41.67 25.40 KNM
5
5
MCB 41.67 1.2 23.17 0.60 20.46 28.50 KNM
MAB

MCD 23.70 0.375 (12.80 ) 28.50 KNM

MDC 0.5 23.70 0.375 12.80 16.65 KNM

Reactions: Consider the free body diagram

Member AB:
HA

25.40 8.44
11.28 KN
3

Member BC:

RC

28.5 20.30 20 5

5
2 51.64 KN

2
RB 20 5 51.64 48.36 KN

Member CD:

HD =

28.5 16.65
= 11.28 KN
4

Check:
H = 0
HA + HD = 0
Satisfied, hence okay

Example: A portal frame having different column heights are subjected for forces
as shown in figure. Analyse the frame and draw bending moment diagram.

Solution:It is an unsymmetrical problem

A 0, B 0, C 0, D 0 , hence there is a sway be towards right.
FEMs:
Wl
30 4

- 15 KNM
8
8
Wl
30 4
FBA

15 KNM
8
8
Wl
60 4
FBC

- 30 KNM
8
8
Wl
60 4
FCB

30 KNM
8
8
FCD = FDC = 0
F AB

Slope deflection equations:

2EI
3
MAB F AB
2 A B
L
L
2E 2I
3
- 15
0 B
4
4
- 15 EIB 0.75 EI

- - - - - - - - 1

MBA FBA

2EI
3
2B A
L
L

2E 2I
3
2B 0
4
4
15 2 EIB 0.75 EI

- - - - - - - - 2

2EI
2B C
L
2E 2I
2B C
- 30
4
- 30 2EIB EIC

- - - - - - - -- 3

2EI
2C B
L
2E 2I
2C B
30
4
30 2EIC EIB

- - - - - - - -- 4

15

MBC FBC

MCB FCB

2EI
3
2C D
L
L
2EI
3
0
2 C 0
3
3
4
2
EI C EI
3
3

MCD FCD

2EI
3
2D C
L
L
2EI
3
0
0 C
3
3
2
2
EI C EI
3
3

- - - - - - - -- 5

MDC FDC

- - - - - - - -- 6

There are three unknowns, EI, B ,EI C & EI , accordingly the Boundary
conditions are

MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
HA HD 30 0
MAB MBA 60 MCD MDC

30 0
4
3
3MAB MBA 4MCD MDC 180 0

i.e,

Now

MBA MBC 15 2EIB 0.75EI 30 2EIB EIC

4EIB EIC 0.75EI 15 0
MCB MCD 30 2EIC EIB
EIB

4
2
EIC EI
3
3

10
2
EIC EI 30 0
3
3

3(MAB MBA ) 4(MCD MDC ) 180 3 15 EIB 0.75EI 15 2EIB 0.75EI

2
2
2
4

4 EIC EI EIC EI 180

3
3
3
3

9EIB 8EIC 9.833EI 180 0 9

By solving (7), (8) & (9) we get

EI B 9.577
EI C 7.714
EI 20.795
Substituting these values in the slope deflection equations we get

MAB 15 9.577 0.75 20.795 21.01 KNM

MBA 15 2 9.577 0.75 20.795 18.55 KNM

MBC - 30 2 9.577 - 7.714 - 18.55 KNM

MCB 30 2 7.714 9.577 24.15 KNM

4
2
( 7.714 ) 20.795 24.15 KNM
3
3
2
2
MDC ( 7.714 ) 20.795 19.00 KNM
3
3
MCD

Reactions: Consider free body diagrams of the members

Member AB:
18.55 21.01 30 2
15.615 KN
4
-ve sign indicates the direction of HA is from right to left.
HA

Member BC:
18.55 60 2 24.15
28.60 KN
4
RC 60 RB 28.60 31.40 KN
RB

Member CD:
HD

19 24.15
14.38 KN
3

Check:
H = 0
HA + HD + 30 = 0
-15.62 14.38 + 30 = 0
Hence okay

Example: Analyse the frame using slope deflection method and draw the
Bending Moment Diagram.

Solution: Assume sway towards right

It can be observed from figure in that direction of moments due to sway in

member AB are anticlockwise and that for member CD are clockwise. Wise shall
be taken to incorporate the same in the slope deflection equation.
FEMS

wI2
12
24 42
32 KNM
12
wI2
FCB
32 KN M
12
Here A D 0
FBC

Slope deflection equations are:

MAB F AB

2EI
3
2 A B
L
L

2EI
3
B
3
3
2
2
EIB EI
3
3
2EI
3
MBA FBA
2B A
L
L

2EI
3
2B
3
3
4
2
EIB EI
3
3

- - - - - -- 1

2EI
2B C
L
2E2I
2B C
32
4
32 2EIB EIC

- - - - - - - -- 3

2EI
2C B
L
2E2I
2C B
32
4
32 2EIC EIB

- - - - - - - - 4

MBC FBC

MCB FCB

MCD FCD

2EI
3
2C D
L
L

2EI
3
2C

3
3
4
2
EIC EI
3
3

2EI
3
2D C

L
L
2EI
3

C
3
3
2
2
EIC EI
3
3

MDC FDC

- - - - - - - - 6

The unknown are B, ,C & Accordingl y the boundary conditions are

MBA MBC 0
MCB MCD 0
HA HD 30 0
MAB MBA MCD MDC

30 0
3
3
MAB MBA MCD MDC 90 0
4
2
Now, MBA MBC EIB EI 32 2EIB EIC
3
3
10
2

EIB EIC EI 32 0
3
3
i.e,

MCB MCD 32 2EIC EIB

EIB

MAB MBA MCD MDC 90

4
2
EIC EI
3
3

10
2
EIC EI 32 0
3
3

2
2
4
2
4
EIB EI EIB EI EIC
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
EI EIC EI 90
3
3
3
8
2EIB 2EIC EI 90
3
4
EIB EIC EI 45 0
9
3

From (7) & (9)

20
4
EIB 2EIC EI 64 0
3
3
4
EIB EIC EI 45 0
3
17
EIB 3EIC 109 0
3

- - - - - -- 10

By (8) and (9)

20
4
EIC EI 64 0
3
3
4
EIB EIC EI 45 0
3

2EIB

3EIB

17
EIC 109 0
3

By (10) & (11)

17
EI B 3EI C 109 0
3
27
EI B 3EI C 57.71 0
17
208
EI B 166.71 0
17 3
166.71 17 3
EIB
40.88
208

- - - - - - - - 11

From (10)
EI C

1
17

109 EI B 40.88

3
3

From (9)
3
EIB EIC 45
4
3
40.88 40.88 45 95.07
4
Thus
EIB 40.88, EIC 40.88, EI 95.07
Substituting these values in slope deflection equations
EI

2
40.88 2 95.07 36.12 KNM
3
3
4
2
MBA 40.88 95.07 8.88 KNM
3
3
MBC 32 240.88 40.88 8.88 KNM
MAB

MCB 32 2 40.88 40.88 8.88 KNM

4
40.88 2 95.07 8.88 KNM
3
3
2
2
MDC 40.88 95.07 36.12 KNM
3
3
MCD

To find the reaction consider the free body diagram of the frame

Reactions:
Column AB
HA

8.88 36.12
15 KN
3

Beam AB
RB

8.88 8.88 24 4

4
RC 24 4 48 48 KN

Column CD
HD

8.88 36.12
15 KN
3

4
2 48 KN

Check
H = 0
HA + HD +P = 0
-15 15 + 30 = 0
Hence okay