EUROPE

Ports of Call
MEDITERRANEAN CRUISES

PORTS OF CALL

 Italy
 Greece
 Spain
 Monte Carlo, Monaco
ITALY
 Italy is a democratic republic

 Italy is a long boot-shaped peninsula,

surrounded on the west by the
Tyrrhenian Sea and on the east by the
Adriatic Sea

 It is bounded by France, Switzerland,

Austria and Slovenia to the north.
Capital – ROMA

Currency – Euro
(Italian Lira)

Language – Italian,
English
Basic vocabulary in Italian:

 Hello – Ciao
 Good day – Buon giorno
 Good evening – Buona sera
 Good bye – Arrivederci
 Thank you – Grazie
 How much does it cost? – Quanto costa?
 Where is the restroom? – Dov’e la toilette?
 Excuse me/I am sorry - Scusi / Mi dispiace
 Yes – Si
 No – No
ROME
 Rome cruises depart from nearby
Civitavecchia.

 The first settlements in the Rome area can

be traced back to the early Etruscan
civilization. Rome grew to rule a vast
empire and, as the empire began to
divide, the city became the center of the
Christian world. Artists and architects
flocked to work for the popes and other
notables in the Renaissance and Baroque
periods.
 The country's largest and most
populous city.

 It is the third most-visited tourist

destination

 A city of cultural and political

importance.

 Rome is famous for her huge and

majestic squares.
 Places of Interest
COLOSSEUM
 One of the symbols of Rome.

 The largest amphitheatre ever built in the Roman

Empire

 Originally capable of seating 60,000 spectators.

 The Colosseum hosted spectacular games that

included gladiator exhibitions, fights between animals,
prisoner executions and - strangely enough - naval
battles. Untold thousands of humans and animals met
their ends in this historic place.
Vatican City

The Vatican City, one of the European

Microstates, is situated on the Vatican
Hill in the west-central part of Rome.

Its borders (3.2 kilometers in total)

closely follow the city wall constructed
to protect the Pope from outside
attack.

The Vatican City is the smallest

sovereign state in the world at
0.44 square kilometres.
ST. PETER’S BASILICA

 Basilica di San Pietro in

Vaticano is commonly known as
St. Peter's Basilica.

 One of the four major basilicas of

Rome.
 BASILICA OF ST. PETER'S IS THE
LIVING HEART OF THE CATHOLIC
CHURCH

 Hours: St. Peter's Basilica is open

daily, Apr-Sep 7:00-19:00;
Oct-Mar 7:00-18:00

 The Dress Code is strictly enforced at

St. Peter's Basilica. No shorts, bare
shoulders or miniskirts. This applies to
both men and women. Even if you get
through security, you will be turned
away by the attendants at the door.
 Scavi Tour (St. Peter's Tomb)
This 90 min. tour into the Excavations of the
Necropolis (City of the Dead) underneath St.
Peter's, is one of the most interesting in all of
Rome.

 Seeing the Pope

On Sundays at noon, the pope usually (if he's
in town) appears at the second window from
the right of the Apostolic Palace, to pray the
Angelus and bless the crowd in the Square.
Benedict XVI has continued this tradition, no
ticket required.

Otherwise, you can attend the Wednesday

General Audience held in St Peter's Square.
In winter the audience is held in the Paul VI
Hall accessed just to the left of the Square.
Tickets are required for the Audience, but are
easily obtained.
Sistine Chapel

 The Sistine Chapel is part of the

Vatican Museums

 The pope’s residence

 Entrance tickets to the Vatican Museums
and the Sistine Chapel

The admission ticket to the Vatican

Museums is valid for visiting the Vatican
Museums and the Sistine Chapel only on the
date of purchase. It is also valid for entrance
to the Vatican Historical Museum and Noble
Apartment of the Lateran Apostolic Palace.

 Tickets are not refundable.

Regular Euro 14,00

Reduced Euro 8,00
Special Euro 4,00
PANTHEON
 Temple of all the Gods

 The original Pantheon was a

rectangular temple built by Marcus
Vipsanius Agrippa, son-in-law of
Augustus, the first Roman emperor,
as part of a district renewal plan in
27-25 BC.

 It's still the largest masonry dome in

the world.
 The Pantheon is open from 8:30
a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Monday to
Saturday, from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. on
Sunday, and 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. on
holidays that fall on weekdays
except for Christmas Day, New
Year's Day and May 1, when it is
closed. Admission is free.

 The Pantheon is considered to

be the best preserved building
of ancient Roman architecture.
FONTANA TREVI
 The Roman landmark.

 The largest and most ambitious of the Baroque fountains of

Rome.

 Coin throwing

A traditional legend holds that if visitors throw a coin into the

fountain, they are ensured a return to Rome. Among those
who are unaware that the "three coins" of Three Coins in the
Fountain were thrown by three different individuals, a
reported current interpretation is that two coins will lead to a
new romance and three will ensure either a marriage or
divorce. A reported current version of this legend is that it is
lucky to throw three coins with one's right hand over one's left
shoulder into the Trevi Fountain.

Approximately 3,000 Euros are thrown into the fountain each

day and are collected at night. The money has been used to
subsidize a supermarket for Rome's needy. However, there
are regular attempts to steal coins from the fountain, including
some using a magnetized pole.
VENICE
 Venice has been known as the
"City of Water", "City of Bridges",
and "The City of Light".

 It is considered by many to be one

of the most beautiful cities in the
world.

 Venice is world-famous for its

canals.
 It is built on an archipelago of 118 islands
formed by about 150 canals in a shallow
lagoon. The islands on which the city is
built are connected by about 400 bridges.

 The canals serve the function of roads,

and every form of transport is on water or
on foot.

 Venice is Europe's largest urban car free

area.
 The classical Venetian boat is the
gondola.

 Most Venetians now travel by

motorized waterbuses (vaporetti) which
ply regular routes along the major
canals and between the city's islands.

 Visitors can also take the water taxis

between areas of the city.
Places of Interests:

Scuola Grande di San Marco

 One of the largest squares in the city.

 In 1819 it became an Austrian military

hospital. It is now a civil hospital.
Piazza San Marco

Also known as St Mark's Square,

is the principal square of Venice,
Italy.

 The central landmark and

gathering place for Venice, Piazza
San Marco is extremely popular
with tourist, photographers and
Venetian pigeons.
Saint Mark's Basilica
(Basilica di San Marco a Venezia),

 The cathedral of Venice, is the most

famous of the city's churches and one
of the best known examples of
Byzantine architecture.

 It lies on St. Mark’s Square.

The Doge's Palace

 a gothic palace in Venice. In Italian it is

called the Palazzo Ducale di Venezia.
 The palace was the residence of the
Doge of Venice.
 the palace housed political institutions
of the Republic of Venice until the
Napoleonic occupation of the city.
 The building is preserved as a
museum. Inside the visitor can see
paintings by Tintoretto and Veronese,
which glorify the Venetian state.
The Grand Canal

 the most important canal in Venice,

Italy. It forms one of the major water-
traffic corridors in the city.
 Public transport is provided by water
buses and private water taxis, but many
tourists visit it by gondola.
 At one end the canal leads into the
lagoon near Santa Lucia railway station
and the other end leads into : in
between it makes a large S-shape
through the central districts ("sestieri")
of Venice.
 The Rialto Bridge (Ponte di Rialto) is one of the three
bridges spanning the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. It is
the oldest bridge across the canal and probably the
most famous in the city.
View of San Giorgio Maggiore Island from St. Mark's Campanile
Murano

 an island in the Venetian Lagoon, although like

Venice itself it is actually an archipelago of
islands linked by bridges.

 It lies about a mile north of Venice and is

famous for its glass making, particularly
lampworking.

 Murano is home to the or Glass Museum in

the Palazzo Giustinian, which holds displays
on the history of glassmaking as well as glass
samples ranging from Egyptian times through
the present day.
Burano

 an island in the Venetian Lagoon

known for its small, brightly-painted
houses.
 Center of lace making industry
known as the Museum & School of
Lace Making.
NAPLES
 a historic city in southern Italy, the
capital of the Campania region
and the province of Naples.

 The city is noted for its rich history,

art, culture and gastronomy.

 Naples is located halfway between

two volcanic areas, the volcano
Mount Vesuvius and the
Phlegraean Fields, sitting on the
coast by the Gulf of Naples.
 A striking feature of Naples is the
fact that it has 448 historical
churches, making it one of the
most Catholic cities in the world.

 Naples is the second most

populated in Italy and one of the
largest in all of Europe.
PLACES OF INTERESTS:

CASTEL NUOVO

 also called Maschio Angioino, is a

castle in the city of Naples, southern
Italy.
 It is the main symbol of the architecture
of the city.
 Castel Nuovo has been expanded or
renovated several times since it was
first begun in 1279.
 the castle was reduced from
residence to an important military
fortress in 1494.

 The castle was again used as a

residence by Charles III, who
became King of Naples in 1734.

 The last restoration of Castel

Nuovo was in 1823.
Museo Archeologico Nazionale

 The Naples National Archaeological

Museum is located in Naples, Italy, at the
northwest corner of the original Greek wall of
the city of Neapolis.

 The museum contains a large collection of

Roman artifacts from Pompeii, Stabiae and
Herculaneum. The collection includes works of
the highest quality produced in Greek, Roman
and Renaissance times.

 The museum's includes a number of

important mosaics recovered from the ruins of
Pompeii and the other Vesuvian cities.
DUOMO

 Or the Cathedral of Naples is the main

church of Naples, southern Italy. It is
dedicated to San Gennaro (St.
Januarius), the city's patron.

 The church houses a vial of the Saint's

blood that is brought out twice a year,
on the first Saturday in May and 19
September, and usually liquefies.
According to legend if the blood should
fail to liquefy, then something bad will
happen to Naples.
Museo di Capodimonte

 The Palace and Museum of

Capodimonte is a grand Bourbon
palazzo in Naples, Italy, formerly
the summer residence of the kings
of the Two Sicilies.

 It houses the main museum and art

gallery of the city.
Galleria Umberto

 is a public gallery in Naples, southern

Italy. It is located directly across from
the San Carlo opera house. It was built
between 1887-1891 designed by
Emanuele Rocco.

 It was meant to combine businesses,

shops, cafes and social life — public
space — with private space in the
apartments on the third floor.
Teatro di San Carlo

 is an opera house in Naples, Italy.

It is the oldest continuously active
such venue in Europe.

 Teatro di San Carlo is recognized

as a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Pompeii

 is a ruined and partially buried Roman city near modern

Naples in the Italian region of Campania.

 Along with Herculaneum, its sister city, Pompeii was

destroyed, and completely buried, during a catastrophic
eruption of the volcano Mount Vesuvius spanning two
days on 24 August 79 AD.

 The volcano collapsed higher roof-lines and buried

Pompeii under many meters of ash and pumice, and it
was lost for nearly 1700 years before its accidental
rediscovery in 1748. Since then, its excavation has
provided an extraordinarily detailed insight into the life
of a city at the height of the Roman Empire.

 Today, it is one of the most popular tourist attractions of

Italy and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
 Pompeii has become a popular
tourist destination for centuries ith
approximately 2.5 million visitors a
year.
 it is the most popular tourist
attraction in Italy.

 It is now part of a larger Vesuvius

National Park and was declared a
World Heritage Site by UNESCO
in 1997.
Capri

 is an Italian island off the

Sorrentine Peninsula, on the south
side of the Gulf of Naples. It has
been a resort since the time of the
Roman Republic.
 It has two adjoining harbours,
Marina Piccola and Marina Grande
(the main port of the island).
 The Blue Grotto (Grotta Azzurra)
is a noted sea cave on the coast
of the island of Capri, Italy.

 The grotto has a partially

submerged opening into the sea,
as do other grottoes around the
island. Roman emperors with
villas on Capri reportedly used the
Blue Grotto as a private bath.
The grotto entrance
Sorrento

 is a small city in Campania, Italy,

with some 16,500 inhabitants.

 It is a popular tourist destination.

 The town can be reached easily

from Naples and Pompeii, as it lies
at the south-eastern end of the
Circumvesuviana rail line.
Sorrento’s central plaza
 Sorrento is famous for the production of
limoncello, an alcoholic digestif made
from lemon rinds, alcohol, water and
sugar. Other agricultural production
includes citrus fruit, wine, nuts and
olives.

 Wood craftsmanship is also developed.

 The Amalfi Drive is the conventional

name of a stretch of road which runs
along the stretch of the Amalfi Coast
between the southern Italian towns of
Sorrento and Amalfi.
SPAIN
BARCELONA

 Spain’s second-largest city and

the capital of Catalonia.
 Europe’s great cities for
architectural design.
 Currency: Peseta
 Nationality: Spanish

 Places of Interest:

GOTHIC QUARTER

 one of the oldest sections

of the city from the Romans and
medieval times
GOTHIC CATHEDRAL

 a fantastic cathedral built

between 1298 and 1450.

PLACA DEL REI

 A lovely square that embodies the

true essence of the Gothic Quarter
with its plethora of museums and
ancient buildings.
MUSEU PICASSO

 The museum is housed in two 15th century

palaces, which chronicles the artist work
from childhood to shortly before his death.

PLACA DE CATALUNYA

 The business center and transportation

hub of the modern city of Barcelona. This
placa showcases the Exiample where
fantastic examples of Modernist
architecture can be found.
TEMPLE EXPIATORI DE LA
SEGRADA

This fantastic creation is a

tribute to the vision and
creativity of Antonio Gaudi’s
architectural genius – Gaudi is
one of Barcelona’s leading
proponents of the Modernist
movement. His remains are
buried in the church’s crypt.
Park Guell
La Rambla is a street in central Barcelona, popular with both tourists and
locals alike. A 1.2 kilometer-long tree-lined pedestrian mall between Barri
Gotic and El Raval, it connects Placa Catalunya in the center with the
Christopher Columbus monument at Port Vell.
Palau de la Música Catalana

 A concert hall designed in the Catalan

modernista style by the architect Lluis
Domenech I Montaner.

 It was built in between 1905 and 1908 for

the Orfeo Catala, a choral society founded
in 1891 that was a leading force in the
Catalan cultural movement that came to be
known as the Renaixenca (Catalan
Rebirth).

 It was inaugurated February 9, 1908.

Gran Teatre del
Liceu

 An opera house on
La Rambla

 The Liceu opened

on April 4, 1847.
 HOTEL VELLA
CADIZ

 One of Spain’s oldest

settlements and has remained a
very important port in Spain.
 The center for Spanish-
American trade during the 18th
century.
PLACES OF INTERESTS:

MUSEO DE CADIZ – the city’s

museum that showcases the
history of Cadiz.

CATEDRAL NUEVA – a church

with perfect, large scale
proportions and stone
decorations.
SEVILLE – one of Spain’s most exciting cities
where the Cathedral of Santa Maria de la
Sede.

CATHEDRAL OF SANTA MARIA DE LA

SEDE – a gothic, neoclassical, Baroque
and Moorish architecture. The cathedral is
listed in the Guinness Book of Records as
the cathedral with the greatest area space
in the world which measures over 413 feet
long, 269 feet wide and 98 feet high.

This cathedral is also the final resting place

of Christopher Columbus which is
prominently displayed at the cathedral’s
main entrance.
MALAGA
Málaga is a port city in Andalusia, southern
Spain, on the Costa del Sol coast of the
Mediterranean.

Málaga is surrounded by mountains, lying

in the southern base of the Axarquía hills,
and two rivers, the - the historic center is
located on its left bank - and the
Guadalhorce, which flows west of the city
into the Mediterranean.

***Birth place of Antonio Banderas

 The Holy Week, and the Málaga Fair
("Feria de Málaga") are the two most
well-known of Málaga's festivals. The
Malaguenos choose the hottest month
of the year, August, to celebrate the
Feria de Malaga with not only the
locals, but in addition to the thousands
of tourists who come to see the
spectacular sight. The streets are
transformed into symbols of Spanish
culture and history, with sweet wine,
tapas,and live flamenco shows filling
the town. The day events consist of live
music and dancing, while the night fair
is moved to the Palacia de Feria,
consisting of restaurants, clubs, and an
entire fair ground with rides & games.
Sights in Málaga
 Gibralfaro Castle
 Malaga Walls (Phoenician,
Roman, Visigothic, Arab and
Spanish remains of the
defensive compounds of the
city)
 Flavian Roman Theater
 Alcazaba (Arabic for fortress) -
the palace of the governors of
the city.
Gibralfaro Castle
Calle Larios is the main street in the city.
The Alcazaba and the Roman theatre
Malaga Arena
Majorca
 is the largest island of Spain.
 It is located in the Mediterranean
Sea and part of the Balearic Islands
archipelago.
 The name derives from Latin insula
maior, "larger island"; later Maiorica.
 The capital of the island, Palma, is
also the capital of the autonomous
community of the Balearic Islands.
 The anthem of Majorca is La
Balanguera.
 the island is a popular tourist
destination.
Attractions

Bellver Castle (Catalan: Castell de Bellver)

 is a circular castle on a hill near Palma de Mallorca on

the Island of Majorca, Balearic Islands.

 It was built in the 14th century for King James II of

Aragon.

 It was used as a military prison during the 18th and

19th centuries. Now it is one of the main tourist
attractions of the island.

 It was used as a prison in the 1950s, a period where

many people where still being prosecuted for their
loyalty and commitment to the Republic during the
Spanish Civil War 1936-39.

 The intellectual and writer Gaspar Melchor de

Jovellanos was one of the most famous prisoners of
the castle.
Bellver Castle
 Cuevas del Drach

 The famous cave in Majorca where Martel Lake is

situated, the largest underground lake in the
world.

La Seu

 is a Christian Cathedral located in Palma de

Mallorca, Spain, was built on the site of an
existing Arab mosque.

 The Cathedral is 121 metres long, 55 metres wide

and 44 meters of nave height. The Cathedral,
designed in Spanish Levantino Gothic or southern
French Gothic style with influences of the north
European gothic.
 It was founded by King James I of Aragon in 1229
but finished only in 1601.
La Seu cathedral
MADRID

 Jardines del Buen Retiro /

Parque del Buen Retiro

 Or simply El Retiro, the "Lungs of

Madrid‖
 The main park of the city of
Madrid, Spain.
 Calle de Alcalá
 The longest street in Madrid.
 Santa María la Real de La Almudena
 A Catholic Cathedral in Madrid, Spain.
 The Puerta del Sol

 (Spanish for "Gate of the Sun―)

 one of the most well known and busiest places

in Madrid.

 The square also contains the famous clock

whose bells mark the traditional eating of the
Twelve Grapes and the beginning of a new year.

 The New Year's celebration has been broadcast

live on TV since 31 December 1962.
 Madrid City Hall
 Temple of Debod
 An ancient Egyptian temple which was
rebuilt in Madrid, Spain.
IBIZA

 is an island located in the

Mediterranean Sea about 80 km
off the coast of Spain.

 It is the third largest of the

Balearic Islands autonomous
community (Spain).
 The island of Ibiza is well-known for its
summer club parties which attract
large numbers of tourists, but the
island and the Spanish Tourist Office
have been working to shed the
prevailing "sex-and-alcohol" image in
order to promote more family-oriented
tourism.

 It is also home to the 'West End' party

district of Sant Antoni, a popular stop
for many tourists.
Sant Antoni
 World Heritage Site

 large portions of the island are registered as U.N. World

Heritage Sites, and thus protected from the
development and commercialization of the main cities.

 A notable example includes "God's Finger" in the

Benirràs Bay as well as some of the more traditional
Ibicenco cultural sites. Because of its rustic beauty,
companies and artists alike frequently use the island for
photographic and film shoots.

 A monument ("The Egg") erected in honour of

Christopher Columbus can be found in Sant Antoni:
Ibiza is one of several places purporting to be his
birthplace.

 However, any time other than summer, the whole island

is empty of tourists and most clubs are not open.
Tourists who plan to travel to the island prior to June or
after September should expect a quieter time with more
unsettled weather.
 The Egg

 The Egg is the best known landmark in Sant Antoni,

located in the centre of the main roundabout at the
entrance to the town.

 The Egg is a statue erected in the early 1990s to

commemorate the local claim of having been the birth
place of Christopher Columbus (there is a similar claim
that Hannibal was born in the region). The statue is in
the shape of an egg, containing at its centre a model of
his ship; the Santa Maria.

 The choice of an egg comes from a story about

Columbus, who when seeking funding for his Western
route to the Indies, was told it was impossible. He then
allegedly asked if standing an egg upright was
impossible, and when told that it was, he cracked the
base of an egg, thus making it possible for it to stand
upright. He was then granted funding.
GREECE
ATHENS
 the capital and largest city of Greece
 one of the world's oldest cities, its
recorded history spans at least 3,000
years.
 Athens has twice played host to the
summer Olympic Games: in 1896
and in 2004. The 2004 Summer
Olympics inspired the development
of the Athens Olympic Stadium,
which has gained a reputation as
one of the most beautiful in the
world.
The refurbished Athens Olympic Stadium
was the site of the 2004 Olympic Games
 The Parthenon

 is a temple of the Greek goddess Athena, built

in the 5th century BC on the Athenian
Acropolis.

 It is the most important surviving building of

Classical Greece, generally considered to be
the culmination of the development of the
Doric order. Its decorative sculptures are
considered one of the high points of Greek art.

 The Parthenon is regarded as an enduring

symbol of ancient Greece and of Athenian
democracy, and is one of the world's greatest
cultural monuments.
 The Acropolis of Athens

 is the best known acropolis (high city, The

"Sacred Rock") in the world.

 The Acropolis was formally proclaimed as the

pre-eminent monument on the European
Cultural Heritage list of monuments on 26 March
2007.

 The Acropolis is a flat-topped rock which rises

150 m (490 ft) above sea level in the city of
Athens.

 It was also known as Cecropia, after the

legendary serpent-man, Kekrops or Cecrops,
the first Athenian king.
 Pláka

 is the picturesque old historical neighbourhood

of Athens, clustered around the northern and
eastern slopes of the Acropolis, and
incorporating labyrinthine streets and
neoclassical architecture.

 Plaka is built on top of the residential areas of

the ancient town of Athens.

 It is visited by hundreds of thousands of

tourists around the year, and is under strict
zoning and conservation regulations, being the
only neighborhood in Athens where all utilities
(water, power, cable television, telephone,
internet, and sewage) lie underground in fully
accessible, custom-made tunnelling.
 Motor vehicles are not allowed in Plaka,
and most streets are narrow enough,
not being able to accommodate them
anyway.

 Museums in Plaka include the new

Jewish Museum of Greece, the Greek
Folk Art Museum and the Frissiras
Museum. Excavations have proven that
is the oldest street in Athens still in
continuous use with the exact same
layout since antiquity.
 RHODES
 is the principal city of the Greek island of
Rhodes, in southeastern Aegean Sea and the
capital of the Dodecanese prefecture.

 Its has a population of approximately 80,000.

Rhodes has been famous since antiquity as the
site of Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven
Wonders of the World.

 The citadel of Rhodes, built by the Hospitalliers,

is one of the best preserved medieval towns in
Europe which in 1988 was designated as a
UNESCO World Heritage Site.

 The City of Rhodes is a popular international

tourist destination.
 Palace of the Grand Master of the
Knights of Rhodes

 is a palace in the town of Rhodes, on

the island of Rhodes in Greece.

 The palace was built in the 14th century

by the Knights of Rhodes (now officially
known as the Sovereign Military
Hospitaller Order of St. John of
Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta),
who occupied Rhodes from 1309 to
1522. After the island was captured by
the Ottoman Empire, the palace was
used as a fortress.
Entrance gate to the Medieval section of the city.
Old town of Rhodes
The Avenue of the Knights in the medieval section of the city.
 Colossus of Rhodes

 was a colossus of the Greek god

Helios, erected on the Greek island of
Rhodes by Chares of Lindos between
292 and 280 BC.

 It is considered one of the Seven

Wonders of the Ancient World. Before
its destruction, the Colossus of Rhodes
stood over 30 meters (107 ft) high,
making it one of the tallest statues of
the ancient world.
 The statue was depicting the protector of the city
of Rhodes, the God Helios (Sun), naked with a
crown of rays around the head. On the right hand
of the statue there was a lamp with fire, or a torch.
It was the tallest statue of the ancient world,
standing at over 30 meters of height. The design,
posture and dimensions of the statue of Liberty
(33m) are based on the descriptions about
Colossus.

 It is known that the statue stood in its place for

only 54 years. During the earthquake of the year
226 BC the statue collapsed and snapped at the
height of the knees with the remains falling on the
ground. The King Ptolemy III offered to pay for the
reconstruction of the statue, but the oracle of
Delphi made the Rhodians afraid that they had
offended Helios, and they declined to rebuild it.
The remains stayed lying on the ground for over
800 years and it seems that they were still
impressive as many traveled to see them.
 SANTORINI
 is a small, circular archipelago of
volcanic islands located in the
southern Aegean Sea, about
200 km southeast from Greece's
mainland.

 It is also known as Thera, forming

the southernmost member of the
Cyclades group of islands.
 Santorini is essentially what
remains of an enormous volcanic
explosion, destroying the earliest
settlements on what was formerly
a single island, and leading to the
creation of the current geological
caldera. Its spectacular physical
beauty, along with a dynamic
nightlife, have made the island one
of Europe's tourist hotspots.
 Modern Santorini

Santorini was united with Greece in 1912. Its

major settlements include Fira (Phira), Oia,
Emporio, Pyrgos, and Therasia.

Akrotiri is a major archaeological site, with

ruins from the Minoan era.

Santorini's primary industry is tourism,

particularly in the summer months. The
island's pumice quarries have been closed
since 1986, in order to preserve the caldera.
 Santorini has no rivers, and water is scarce.

 The island remains the home of a small, but

flourishing, wine industry, based on the indigenous
grape variety, Assyrtiko. Vines of the Assyrtiko variety
are extremely old and prove resistant to phylloxera,
attributed by local winemakers to the well-drained
volcanic soil and its chemistry, and the soil needed no
replacement during the great phylloxera epidemic of
the early 20th century. In their adaptation to their
habitat, such vines are planted far apart, as their
principal source of moisture is dew, and they often are
trained in the shape of low-spiralling baskets, with the
grapes hanging inside to protect them from the winds.
Also unique to the island is the red, sweet, and
extremely strong Vinsanto. White wines from the island
are extremely dry with a strong, citrus scent, and the
ashy volcanic soil gives the white wines a slightly
sulphurous flavour much like Vinsanto. It is not easy to
be a winegrower in Santorini; the hot and dry
climatological conditions give the soil a low
productivity. The yield per acre is only 10 to 20% of the
yields that are common in France and California.
Santorini's famous Red Beach.
Stairway in Fira, Santorini
FRANCE
 located in Western Europe and
that also comprises various
overseas islands and territories
located in other continents.

 a unitary semi-presidential
republic. Its main ideals are
expressed in the Declaration of
the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen.
 France is bordered by Belgium,
Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland,
Italy, Monaco, Andorra, and Spain.

 With an estimated population of 64.5

million people, France is the 19th most
populous country in the world.

 France's largest cities are Paris,

Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Toulouse, Nice,
and Nantes.
 PARIS
 is the capital of France and the
country's largest city.

 one of the world's leading business and

cultural centres, and its influence in
politics, education, entertainment,
media, fashion, science and the arts all
contribute to its status as one of the
world's major global cities.

 Paris is one of the most popular tourist

destinations in the world, with over
30 million foreign visitors per year.
Famous Landmarks
The Eiffel Tower

 is an iron tower built on the Champ de

Mars beside the Seine River in Paris.

 The tower has become a global icon of

France and is one of the most recognizable
structures in the world.

 Named after its designer, engineer

Gustave Eiffel, the Eiffel Tower is the
tallest building in Paris.
The skyscraper business district of La Défense.
 Arc de Triomphe

 is a monument in Paris, France that stands in

the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle, also
known as the Place de l'Étoile.

 It is at the western end of the Champs-

Élysées.

 The triumphal arch honors those who fought

for France, particularly during the Napoleonic
Wars.

 On the inside and the top of the arc there are

all of the names of generals and wars fought.
Underneath is the tomb of the unknown soldier
from World War I.
 Place de la Concorde

 is one of the major squares in

Paris, France.

 It is located in the city's eighth

arrondissement, at the eastern end
of the Champs-Élysées.

 The Place was designed by Ange-

Jacques Gabriel in 1755
 Jardin du Luxembourg

 is the largest public park located in

Paris, France.

 Luxembourg is the garden of the

French Senate, which is itself housed
in the Luxembourg Palace.

 These gardens include a large fenced-

in playground that is very popular with
local young children and their parents.
 Palais Garnier

 also known as the Opéra de Paris or

Opéra Garnier, but more commonly as
the Paris Opéra, is a 2,200-seat opera
house in Paris, France.

 A grand landmark designed by Charles

Garnier in the Neo-Baroque style, it is
regarded as one of the architectural
masterpieces of its time.
The Grand Escalier in the main hall
The Grand Salle of the Palais Garnier, with a view of
the stage's luxuriant faux curtain
 Notre Dame de Paris

 A Gothic Cathedral in Paris, France.

 The seat of the Archbishop of the city.

 Notre Dame de Paris is widely

considered one of the finest examples
of French Gothic architecture.
 Stade de France

 is a stadium in Saint-Denis, France in

the inner suburbs of Paris.

 It has a capacity of around 80,000.

 The stadium is currently used for the

French rugby union team during the
Six Nations and other internationals.
LE HAVRE

 is a city in the northwest region of

France situated on the right bank of
the mouth of the Seine River.

 The inhabitants of the city are called

Havrais or Havraises.

 It is the most populous commune in

the Haute-Normandie region and the
largest sub-prefecture in France.
 Le Havre was honored with the Legion
of Honor award on July 18, 1949.

 UNESCO declared the city center of

Le Havre a World Heritage Site on July
15, 2005, in honoring the "innovative
utilization of concrete's potential." The
133-hectare space that represents,
according to UNESCO, "an
exceptional example of architecture
and town planning of the post-war
era," is one of the rare contemporary
World Heritage Sites in Europe.
MAIN SIGHTS

Le Havre was heavily bombed

during the Second World War. Many
historic buildings were lost as a
result.

Church of St. Joseph

 one of the most recognized symbols

of the city. The belltower is one of
the tallest in France, rising to a
height of 106 metres. It was
designed by Auguste Perret.
Church of St. Joseph, Le Havre
 Musée des Beaux-Arts André Malraux

 this museum houses a collection of art spanning the past

five centuries, the impressionist paintings collections are
the second most extensive in France after theses of
Orsay Museum in Paris.

 There are paintings by Claude Monet and other artists

who lived and worked in Normandy.

 One of the museum's latest purchases is Vague, par

temps d'orage by Gustave Courbet.

 The collection of Olivier Senn (1864-1959), given to the

museum in 2004, contains more than 205 paintings.
NICE
 is a city in southern France located on the
Mediterranean coast, between Marseille,
France, and Genoa, Italy, with 1,197,751
inhabitants in the metropolitan area at the
2007 estimate.

 The city is a major tourist centre and a

leading resort on the French Riviera (Côte
d'Azur).

 It is the historical capital city of the County

of Nice.
Places of Interests

Promenade des Anglais

 La Prom - on Sundays, bicyclists,

baby strollers, and whole families
can be seen out for a stroll along the
Promenade.

 It has also become a favorite place

for skateboarders and in-line skaters.
 Hotel Negresco

 In 2003 the Hotel Negresco was listed

by the government of France as a
National Historic Building and is a
member of Leading Hotels of the
World.

 The Negresco has a total of 119 guest

rooms plus 22 suites.

 named for (1868-1920) who had the

palatial hotel constructed in 1912.
 Russian Orthodox Cathedral, Nice

 (Cathédrale Orthodoxe Russe Saint-Nicolas de

Nice)

 is a Russian Orthodox cathedral, and a

national monument of France, located in the
city of Nice.

 Built in 1859, it claims to be the oldest Russian

cathedral in Western Europe.

 There is currently an ownership dispute

between the parish and the Russian
government.
 Nice Cathedral

 (Cathédrale Sainte-Réparate de Nice)

 is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the

city of Nice, France.

 It is the seat of the Bishop of Nice.

 It is dedicated to Saint Reparata, the

patron saint of Nice.
 Marseille
 is the second-largest city of France and forms the
third-largest metropolitan area, after those of
Paris and Lyon, with a population recorded to be
1,516,340 at the 1999 census and estimated to be
1,605,000 in 2007.

 Located on the south east coast of France on the

Mediterranean Sea, Marseille is France's largest
commercial port.

 Marseille is the administrative capital (préfecture

de région) of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
region, as well as the administrative capital
(préfecture départementale) of the Bouches-du-
Rhône department. Its inhabitants are called
Marseillais.
 Marseille is the largest and most populous
commune in France after Paris and is the
centre of the third largest metropolitan area in
France.

Main sights

La Vieille Charité

 an architecturally significant building designed

by the Puget brothers. The central baroque
chapel is situated in a courtyard lined with
arcaded galleries. Originally built as an alms
house, it is now home to an archeological
museum and a gallery of African and Asian art,
as well as bookshops and a café.
 The Abbey of Saint-Victor

 one of the oldest places of Christian

worship in France.

 Its early fifth century crypt and catacombs

occupy the site of a hellenic burial ground,
later used for Christian martyrs and
venerated ever since. Continuing a
medieval tradition, every year at
Candlemas a Black Madonna from the
crypt is carried in procession along rue
Sainte for a blessing from the archbishop,
followed by a mass and the distribution of
"navettes" and green votive candles.
 Hôtel-Dieu

 a former hospital in the Panier,

currently being transformed into
an InterContinental hotel.

Phare de Sainte Marie

 a lighthouse on the inlet to the

Old Port.
Monte Carlo
 is one of Monaco's various administrative
areas, sometimes erroneously believed to
be a town or the country's capital. The
official capital is Monaco-Ville and covers
all quarters of the territory.

 Monte-Carlo is known for its casinos,

gambling, glamour, and for sightings of
famous people.

 Monte-Carlo is one of Europe's leading

tourist resorts.
 Saint Nicholas Cathedral, known also
as Monaco Cathedral (French:
Cathédrale de Monaco), is the
cathedral in Monaco-Ville, Monaco,
where many of the Grimaldis were
buried, including Grace Kelly and more
recently, Rainier III.
 The cathedral was consecrated in
1875, and is on the site of the first
parish church in Monaco built in 1252
and dedicated to St. Nicholas. Of note
are the retable (circa 1500) to the right
of the transept, the Great Altar and the
Episcopal throne in white Carrara
marble.
 The Napoleon Museum

 is a museum of artifacts which

once belonged to the French
Emperor Napoleon I.

The Oceanographic Museum

 is a museum of marine sciences in

Monaco-Ville, Monaco.
 Larvotto

 (or Larvotto Terano) is one of the

quartiers of Monaco. It was
formerly a part of the traditional
quartier of Monte Carlo.

 Larvotto is also the name of the

main public beach in Monaco.
 Palais Princier or Monaco
Palace

 is the official residence of Prince

Albert II, head of state of Monaco.

 It is located in Monaco Ville, on the

Rock, in the old town.
TURKEY
KUSADASI

 EPHESUS

 An ancient Greek city on the west coast of Anatolia ,

near present-day Selçuk, Izmir Province, Turkey. It
was one of the twelve cities of the Ionian League
during the Classical Greek Era. In the Roman period,
it was for many years the second largest city of the
Roman Empire; ranking behind Rome, the empire's
capital.

 Ephesus had a population of more than 250,000 in

the 1st century BC, which also made it the second
largest city in the world.
 The Temple of Artemis
 The Library of Celsus - Ephesus
Istanbul
 The Sultan Ahmed Mosque

 A historical mosque in Istanbul, the largest

city in Turkey and the capital of the
Ottoman Empire (from 1453 to 1923).

 The mosque is popularly known as the Blue

Mosque for the blue tiles adorning the
walls of its interior.
 İstiklal Avenue
 One of the most famous avenues in Istanbul, Turkey, visited by
nearly 3 million people in a single day over the course of weekends.
 The Bosphorus Bridge
 also called the First Bosphorus Bridge is one of the two
bridges in Istanbul, Turkey, spanning the Bosphorus strait
and thus connecting Europe and Asia (the other one is the
Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, which is called the Second
Bosphorus Bridge.
SWEDEN
STOCKHOLM

 The Drottningholm Palace

 The private residence of the Swedish

royal family.

 It was originally built in the late 16th

century. It served as a residence of the
Swedish royal court for most of the 18th
century.

 The palace is a popular tourist

attraction.
 Skogskyrkogården

 (translated as The Woodland

Cemetery)

 A cemetery located in southern

Stockholm, Sweden. Its design
reflects the development of
architecture from national romantic
style to mature functionalism.
 The Ericsson Globe

 (formerly known as the Stockholm Globe Arena, or

nicknamed in Swedish, Globen - "The Globe")

 The national indoor arena of Sweden, located in

the Johanneshov- district of Stockholm (Stockholm
Globe City).

 The Ericsson Globe is currently the largest

hemispherical building in the world and took two
and a half years to build.

 It represents the Sun in the Sweden Solar System,

the world's largest scale model of the Solar
System
FINLAND
HELSINKI
 Helsinki Cathedral

 (Finnish: Helsingin tuomiokirkko or Suurkirkko,

Swedish: Helsingfors domkyrka or Storkyrkan)

 An Evangelical Lutheran cathedral of the

Diocese of Helsinki, located in the centre of
Helsinki, Finland.

 The church was originally built as a tribute to the

Grand Duke, Nicholas I, the Tsar of Russia and
until the independence of Finland in 1917, it was
called St. Nicholas' Church.
 Suomenlinna

 An inhabited sea fortress built on six islands

(Kustaanmiekka, Susisaari, Iso-Mustasaari,
Pikku-Mustasaari, Länsi-Mustasaari and
Långören)

 Suomenlinna is a UNESCO World Heritage site

and popular with both tourists and locals, who
enjoy it as a picturesque picnic site.

 Originally named Sveaborg (Fortress of Svea),

or Viapori as called by Finns, it was renamed
Suomenlinna (Castle of Finland) in 1918 for
patriotic and nationalistic reasons.
 Helsinki Central railway station
 KIASMA
 a contemporary art museum located at
the heart of Helsinki.
 Itäkeskus

 The biggest shopping

mall in the Nordic
countries.
CROATIA
DUBROVNIK
 Walls of Dubrovnik
DENMARK
 Denmark is a small country, about three times the
size of Long Island, with a population two-thirds
as big as New York City’s. It is located in Western
Europe, north of Germany and west of Sweden.

 Denmark is in northern Europe.

 Official Name: Kingdom of Denmark

 Capital: København (Copenhagen)

 Currency: krone (crown)

 Language: Danish
 COPENHAGEN

Major Tourist Attractions

 The Little Mermaid

 The statue of the Little Mermaid, made in 1913, was
inspired by Hans Christian Andersen’s fairy tale of
the same name. This elegant bronze monument,
located along the waterfront, is undoubtedly the
country’s best-known attraction, attracting millions
of camera-wielding tourists each year.

 Twice the Little Mermaid has been decapitated by

pranksters, but the original molds still survive, so
each time a new head was cast and the statue was
restored.
 Tivoli

 Tivoli is the name of the world- famous

amusement park in downtown Copenhagen.

 Founded in 1843, the park has been visited by

270 million fun-seekers in its lifetime.

 Thousands of flower bulbs are planted each

year to cover the 20-acre site, which abounds in
snack bars, restaurants, rides, and games.

 Tivoli is a clean and cheerful place, offering

everything from cotton candy and nightly
fireworks to classical music and pantomime.
 Legoland

 This site features towns and

landscapes from around the globe
(including the Mount Rushmore
memorial), built using a total of 45
million Le go bricks!

 Legoland also has an amusement

park, and its Doll Museum attracts
doll lovers from all over the world.
 Amalienborg Palace

 Home of the Danish queen, Amalienborg lacks

the gold trimmings to be described as truly
palatial, but is nonetheless impressive with its
spacious, open, and stately square.

 A number of the rooms are open to the public,

featuring the original interiors of the private
chambers and a fine display of precious gems
belonging to the royal family.
 Christiansborg Palace

 Denmark is governed from Christiansborg, on

the isle of Slotsholmen in the middle of
Copenhagen.

 Most of the government’s 24 ministries are

located here, but some have run out of space
and moved elsewhere.

 Fire and reconstruction have taken their toll over

the years, as the current Christiansborg complex
is the sixth castle or palace on the site since
1167.