Pleasebeadvisedthatthefinalexam(Quiz16)iscomprehensive,coveringmaterialfrom

theentirecourse(Trips2through15).TheFinalExamReviewSheetbelowwascreated
toassistyouinpreparingfortheFinalExam.
Goodluckontheremainingquizzesenjoythemusic!
Dr.Gould
FINALEXAMREVIEWSHEETBACHTOROCKONLINE
BachtoRockStudents
ThisReviewSheetisintendedtohelpyouprepareforQuiz16,whichistheFinalExam.
TheFinalExamcontains140questionsaboutcoursematerialfromTrips2through15.
Allthequestionsaremultiplechoiceormatching.
Howbesttoprepare?Theanswerrestswithinyou.Everyonestudiesandprepares
differentlythereisnomagicformula.Thekeyliesinknowingyourself,discovering
whoyouareandhowyouprocessthoughtandusinganapproachthatworksbestforyou.
Withthatinmind,thecontentofthisReviewSheetincludesinformationinthreeformats:
1. Therearequestionsforyoutoanswer.Theyareintendedtodirectyourattentionto
importantfacetsofthecoursematerial.Finalexamquestionsmaybegivenfrom
theseareas;theymaynotbeexactlythesamewording,buttheideasmaybepresent.
2. TherearesummarystatementsmarkedMEMORIZETHIS.Thesearethingsthat
havebeencondensedtoabsoluteessentials,facts,andideas.Youcanbeassuredthat
theyareimportanttoknowandthattherewillbefinalexamquestionsregarding
them.
3. Therearesummarystatementsthatarenotmarkedtobememorizedwhole.That
doesnotmeantheyarenotworthyofbeingcommittedtomemory,butratherthat
theyhelpsummarizeandguideyouthroughsomeofthemainideasofTrips215.
Allthreeoftheseapproachestoreviewareusedassometypesofreviewworkbetterfor
onestudentandsomeworkbetterforothers.Allareequallyvalid,andnoneisofgreater
orlesserimportancethantheother.
Oneoftheimportantfunctionsofanystudymethodistolearnhowyouapprehend
knowledge,andinsodoing,usetheapproachyoufindmosteffective.Somestudents
likemaking3x5cards,somelikereviewingthequizzes.Somestudentsformstudy
groups,viaemailorinperson.Asyoucanimagine,thereareamyriadofwaysto
approachstudying.

Fromateachersperspectivethemostimportantthinginstudypreparationislearning
whatstylesuitsyoubest.Theabilitytoorganizethoughtandsummarizelargevolumes
ofcontentintosmaller,relevantdistillationsofthoughtisakeyingredienttosuccessin
anycollegestudyplan.ThisReviewSheetisofferedasanaidtoassistinthatprocess:
therestisuptoyou.
GoodluckwithyourpreparationsfortheFinal!
Dr.Gould
Footnote:AboutSpellingsandTranslations
Eachsemester,debateswirlsintheareaofspellingandtranslationsofforeignlanguage
titlesofworksmentionedinthecourse.DespitethefactthatIhavepostedinformationin
theFAQsthatthiscoursedoesnotusetrickquestions,Ireceiveemailslikethe
following:
Dr.Gould
IwasansweringaquestionintheQuizandsawthattheanswerIthoughtwasrightwas
spelleddifferentlyonthequizthanitwasontheQuiz,soIselectednoneofthe
above.
Ithoughtitwasatrickquestion,butitturnsoutmyfirsthunchwasright.DoIget
credit?
Idonotgivepointcreditinthissituation.Itisunfortunatebecausethisstudentismaking
erroneousassumptions,despitebeingamplyforewarned.
If,forinstance,thecorrectanswerisMosesandAaron,andthequizanswersays
MosesundAron(thetitleinGerman),commonsensewoulddictatethatboththe
EnglishtranslationofthetitleandtheGermanoriginalarereferringtothesamething.
Despitethis,somestudentsstillpersistinassumingotherwiseandlosepointsasaresult.
Anotherexample:oncetherewasafinalexamquestionregardingPuccinisopera
MadameButterfly.IntheTrip,theoperawaslistedasMadamaButterfly,the
originaltitleinItalian;onthefinalexam,thetitlewasspelledMadameButterfly,the
Englishtranslation,differingfromtheItalianoriginalbyasingleletter.Again,common
sensewoulddictatethecorrectanswer,andover90%typicallyanswercorrectlyeach
semester.Ofthelessthan10%thatmissthequestion,anadamantfewinsistthatthey
shouldreceivepointcredit,thatthechangingofaletterwasactuallyanattempttocreate
anunfairtrickquestion.Needlesstosay,theydonotreceivecredit.

Somestudentsoccasionallyask:SowhydontyoujustuseEnglishandgetridofallthe
translations?Thatisphilosophicalmatter:likemanyofmycolleaguesinacademia,
Irefusetoparticipateinanationwidetrendreferredtointhemediaasthedumbing
downofAmericaneducation.Toooftenthesedays,collegecontentisbeingwatered
down,basedinpartontheassumptionthatstudentsareincapableofmanagingmature
thinkingoradvancedcontent.Nonsense!Inthecaseofforeigntitles,peoplearoundthe
worldspeakmultiplelanguages,orassimilatethemselvesintocultureswithother
languages.Theycancope,andsocanwe.Inthiscourse,wecancertainlygraspforeign
languagetitlesofmajorartworksrenderedeitherasEnglishtranslations,orintheir
originalforminahandfulofIndoEuropeanlanguages.
Sodontmaneuveryourselfintoanintellectuallyindefensiblepositionthatwillcostyou
points!WhentakingtheFinalExam,ifyouknowtherightanswer,dontletthe
differenceofoneortwolettersinspellingmakeyouchangeittoawronganswer.Asthe
Bardnoted,Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweetandwhatsinaname?.
Dr.Gould

FinalExamReviewSheet
WhatwastheFlorentineCamerata?Whatwasitsprimaryobjective?
WhatwastheprevailingmusicalstyleatthetimetheCameratawasactive?
Whatmusicalformbecameakeyvehicleforexperimentationandinnovation?
WhatwasthenewstyleofsingingtheCamerataevolvedreferredtoas?
Describeitsfeatures.
Inwhatyearwerethefirstoperaswritten?Whowerethekeycomposers?
Whatwasthesubjectmatteroftheplots?
NamethefirstimportantcomposeroftheBaroqueperiod.Whatarehiskeyworks?
Inwhatcitywasthefirstpublicoperahousebuilt?Inwhatyear?
WhatwereunstageddramaticworksperformedduringLentcalled?
Whowasthefirstgreatcomposerinthisnewgenre?Inwhatlanguagewerethey
written?
Theconcertogrossowasanimportantinstrumentalformthatemergedduringthe
Baroque.Whowereitsleadingcomposers?WhichonewroteTheFourSeasons?
WhowerethethreeleadingcomposersoftheHighBaroque?Inwhatyearwerethey
born?
WhatisDomenicoScarlattisleadingclaimtofame?
InwhatgenredidHandelscorehisgreatestsuccesses?
NamekeyfactssurroundingthecompositionofHandelsMessiah.
WhatkeyBaroqueinstrumentalformhadevolvedfromRenaissanceDanceMusic?
HowmanypiecesinthisgenredidBachcompose?
Bachsprimaryclaimtofameduringhislifetimewasnotasacomposer,butaswhat?
WhatwasthegoalofBachsWellTemperedKlavier?Whatinstrumentisitwrittenfor?
WhatisthenameofacompletesettingofmusicfortheLutheranchurchservice?In
whatchurchandcitydidBachserveasKantor?Howmanysettingsdidhecompose?

WhatistheSt.MatthewsPassion?
BachsBMinorMassisconsideredhisgreatestchoralwork.Howmanyyearswere
requiredtocompleteit?Whatyearwasitcompletedandpremiered?Wasitwrittenfora
CatholicorLutheranservice?
BachslegacyishismasteryofalltheleadingformsoftheBaroqueperiodexceptopera,
Italianoperatechnique,GermancontrapuntaltechniqueandFrenchoverturestyle.His
workisasummationoftwohundredyearsofmusicalpractice;hisdeathin1750marks
theendoftheBaroqueperiod;histhreemostfamousmusiciansonsCPEBach,JC
BachandWilhelmBachallwroteinthenewClassicalstyle.
**MEMORIZETHIS**
WhatimportantnewgenresandformsevolvedduringtheearlyClassicalPeriod?
Whatcitywasanimportantcenterofsymphoniccompositionduringthe1730s?
Whowasthedirector?Washealsoknownasacomposerofsymphonies?
Whowashisfamouscontemporary(hint:Italianname)?
Inthe1730s,operaseriabegantowaneinfavorofoperabuffa.**MEMORIZETHIS**
HaydnisthefirstimportantcomposerofthematureClassicalPeriod.Heisknownas
TheFatheroftheSymphony(104symphonies)andTheFatheroftheStringQuartet(83
StringQuartets)andisalsonotedoneofthefirstcomposerstowritesonatasforthepiano
(insteadoftheharpsichord).Inhislateryears,hetraveledtoLondontwice,writinghis
lastsymphoniesthere,andstagingperformanceoftwooratorios,TheSeasonsandThe
Creation,bothofwhichwerewildlysuccessful.**MEMORIZETHIS**
HowmanyoriginalworksdidMozartcomposeinhisshortlifespan(hediedatage35)?
Namehisimportantoperas.WhatwasthenameofMozartscontemporarywhowas
attemptingtoreformoperaseria?Whatishismostimportantwork?Whatisthetitleof
Mozartslastopera?Whatisthetitleofhislast,andmostsignificantchoralwork?
DidBeethovenandMozartevermeet?DidBeethovenandHaydnevermeet?
WhatisthenameofBeethovensonlyopera?
HowmanysonatasdidBeethovenwriteforthepiano?Howmanysymphonies?
Whatelementdidheintroduceinhisfinalsymphony?
WhatelementofBeethovensmusicallegacywasmostwrestledwithbycomposersfor
theremainderofthe19thcentury?

SchubertisanimportanttransitionalcomposertotheRomanticperiod.Hisfamerestson
thecompositionofover600lieder,whichistheGermantermforsongorartsong.
Hewroteninesymphonies,themostfamousbeingtheUnfinished.Mendelssohnis
anotherimportantearlyRomantic/transitionalcomposer.Hewrotefivesymphonies,
numerousProtestantchurchmusicpieces,manyoratoriosincludingElijahandis
famousforhavingreinroducedtheworldtothemusicofJ.S.Bachwithhisstagingof
theSt.MatthewPassionin1828.**MEMORIZETHIS**
By1800,mostoperaswerewritteninthewildlypopularOperabuffastyle.Duringthis
period,thegreatestcomposerinthisstylewas

.Anothersubsetof
thisstylewascalledbelcanto,referringtobeautifulwritingforthevoice.Leadingbel
cantocomposerswereWeber,Bellini,andDonizetti.**MEMORIZETHIS**
WhatinstrumentdidChopinwritealmostexclusivelyfor?Whichgenrepioneeredby
IrishcomposerJohnFielddidheraisetoahigherlevel?
RobertSchumannmarriedClaraWieck,oneofthegreatestpianistsofthe19thcentury.
HepublishedhisviewsonmusicinaperiodicalentitledNeueZeitungfurMusik(New
MagazineforMusic),thefirsttodoso,thereafterestablishingatrendwhichmanyfuture
composerswouldfollow.ImportantpianoworksareCarnival,FantasticPieces,Forest
Scenes,andKreisleriana.Healsocomposedfoursymphonies,andalongwithSchubert
andWolfisanimportantcomposerofGermanlieder(songs).
Berliozwasconsideredthegreatestorchestratorofhisday:whatisthetitleofhismost
importantandprogressivework?
FranzLisztandNiccoloPaganiniwereconsideredthegreatestvirtuosioftheirday:
Thousandsflockedtotheirconcerts,andtheytouredacrossEurope.Lizstwroteover
1500compositions,secondonlytoJ.S.Bach.Lisztwasapianist,Paganiniaviolinist.
Whoarethetwomostimportantcomposersofthe19thcentury?
WhatwasWagnerstermforhavingshortmusicalideasorthemeslinkedtoaspecific
characteroremotion?WhatwasthesourceofplotmaterialfortheRingCycle?Whatis
thenameofthetreatisehewrotedescribinghisplansforthefutureofmusic?Howmany
operasareintheRingCycle?Namethem.Whatisthetitleoftheoperawrittenin1859
thatinfluencestheavantgardeinthe20thcentury?Whatisthetitleofhislastopera?
WhoisthefirstimportantAmericancomposer?WhatcomposeriscalledTheFatherof
AmericanMusic?WhatcountryisEdvardGriegfrom?Whatcountry/regionis
AntoninDvorakfrom?WhatimportantworkdidDvorakcomposewhilevisitingthe
US?
Howmanysymphoniesdidhewrite?

WhatkeyoperabroughtfametoMeyerbeer?WhowrotetheoperaWilliamTell?
WhoisthegreatestItalianoperacomposerofthe19thcentury,andacontemporaryof
Wagner?Namehiskeyoperas.Namehislastopera.
Thetwomostimportanttrendsinlate19thcenturymusicweretheemergenceofMusical
nationalismandLightOpera.**MEMORIZETHIS**
DescribeBrahmsmusic.Namehisimportantworks.
WhofoundedtheschoolofclassicalcompositioninRussia?
NameTschaikowskyskeyworks.Namehismajorballets.
WhichofhissymphoniesislabeledTheTragic?Howmanysymphoniesdidhewrite?
HowmanysymphoniesdidAntonBrucknerwrite?WashealliedwithBrahmsor
Wagner?
WhatisHugoWolfsclaimtofame?WashealliedwithBrahmsorWagner?
RichardStraussismostfamousforhisoperaslikeSalome,Elektra,andDer
Rosenkavalier,andtonepoemslikeAlsosprachZarathustra(featuredinStanley
Kubricks2001:ASpaceOdyssey).DontconfusehimwithJohannStrauss,Jr.!
GustavMahlersfamerestsonhissongsandhisninesymphonies,thetenthwasleft
incomplete.WhichsymphonyiscalledTheResurrection?TheTitan?
NamethecomposercalledTheWaltzKingandthecityinwhichheworked.
WhatishismostfamousWaltzcalled?
Anoperettaisalightoperainwhichdialogueisbothspokenandsung,asopposedto
operainwhicheverywordissupposedtobesungonly.WhatBritishduoexcelledin
writingoperettasinthelate19thcentury?Nameakeyworktheywrote,recentlyrevived
onBroadway.
GabrielFaureisnotedforthebeautyandlyricismofhissongs.Hewasateacheratthe
famedConservatoireinParis.HismostfamouschoralworkwashisRequiem.
DebussyrejectedWesterntonality.HewasinfluencedbyJavanesegamelanmusicas
observedattheWorldExpositioninParisin1889.Hismostimportantworksare
LaMer,PelleasetMellesande,twobooksofImages,andvariousworksforpiano.
ThetermspentatonicandwholetoneinDebussysmusicrefertonontraditionalscales.

ThemusicofDebussyandRavelcametobereferredtoasmusicalImpressionism,
parallelingthemovementofthesamenameinthevisualarts.Ravelwasinfluencedby
Basquemusicaltraditions,andwasamongthefirstinEuropetoembraceAmericanjazz.
AmonghiskeyworksarePavanepouruneInfantedefunte,GasparddelaNuit,Bolero.
AfterWorldWarI,theartsrespondedwithamovementcalledExpressionism,which
originatedinGermany.Onegoalwastoshockthelistener,areflectionofEuropeans
reactionsofthehorrorsanddevastationofWorldWarI.
ThetermSecondVienneseSchoolrefersprimarilytothemusicofArnoldSchonbergand
hisfollowers,themostimportantofwhomwereAlbanBergandAntonWebern.
SchonbergproceededthroughanAtonalPeriod,theneventuallydevelopedserialism,
whichmadeall12tonesofthechromaticscaleequaltoeachother,tobeplayedinastrict
ordersetoutinarow.AlbanBergsmostimportantworksaretheoperasWozzeckand
Lulu.WebernfollowedtheSchonbergianconceptofKlangfarbenmelodiereducingthe
focusofattentiontoindividualnotesplayedbydifferentinstrumentsandwasthemost
influentialintermsofhismusicsimpactonthepostWorldWarIIavantgarde
composers.
ARussianmodernistschoolofcompositionevolvedinMoscow,withthetraditional
schoolmaintainedinSt.Petersburg.ManyRussiancomposersfledastheRevolution
(1917)approached,amongthosewhoremainedintheSovietUnionwereKhachaturian,
KabalevskyandShostakovich.Stravinskythegreatestcomposerofthe20thcentury,
alongwithSchonbergemigratedtoParis,composingballetmusicforthegreatRussian
choreographerSergeiDiaghelev,includingPetrouchka,TheFirebird,andTheRiteof
Spring.TheRiteofSpringincitedariotatitspremiere,securingStravinskysfame.
Stravinskycomposedinallmusicalstylesprevalentatthetime,andevolvedanewstyle
whichcametobecalledneoclassicism.HediedinNewYorkCityin1971.
SergeiProkofievisfamousforhismusicfortheballetRomeoandJuliet,fivepiano
concertos,ninepianosonatas,numeroussymphonicworks,andmusicfortheRussian
folktalePeterandtheWolf.
CamilleSaintSaenswroteinaRomanticstyle.HisworkCarnivaloftheAnimalswas
writtenforaprivatemensclub,butlaterbecameapopular,publiclyperformedwork.
Hewrotethreesymphonies,fivepianoconcertos,andmultipleoperas.Hismusic
remainedpopularthroughouthislifetime.
PucciniwroteinalateRomanticstyle.Heisfamousforhishighlyemotionaloperas,
includingMadamaButterfly,Tosca,Turandot,andTheGirloftheGoldenWest.
ThefamousariaNessundormaisfromtheoperaTurandot;MadamaButterfly
featuresatragiclovestoryinvolvingandAmericanofficerandaJapanesewoman.

RachmaninoffwrotehisRhapsodyonaThemeofPaganiniusingathemeandvariations
form.Healsowrotetonepoems,andbasedmuchofhismusiconRussianfolkmusic
andRussianOrthodoxchurchchants.HisthirdPianoConcertowaswrittenforhisfirst
triptotheUSin1909,andisfeaturedprominentlyintheOscarwinningmovieShine.
CharlesIvesisknownasthefatheroftheavantgardeinmusicinAmerica.
CharlesGriffeswaslabeledTheAmericanImpressionist.
NewOrleansisthebirthplaceofjazz,whichincorporateselementsoftheAfrican,
CaribbeanandEuropeantraditions.RagtimeevolvedinNewYorkCitysTinPanAlley
District.ScottJoplinisthefirstgreatragtimecomposer,andtheonlyAfricanAmerican
composertoreceiveaPulitzerPrize.
LouisArmstrongwascalledTheKingofJazzandSatchmo,andisoneofthe
greatestjazzmusiciansofalltime.AmonghisimportantworksarePotatoHeadBlues,
St.LouisBlues,WeatherBirdandWestEndBlues.
GeorgeGershwinattemptedtoinfuseclassicalformwithjazzelements.Hewrote
RhapsodyinBlue,AnAmericaninParis,ConcertoinF,andlotsofsongsforBroadway.
HisoperaPorgyandBess,isabreakthroughwork,depictingthelivesofblacks
realistically.
Theworldwasinamajoreconomicdepressionthroughoutthe1930s.Despotsroseto
powerinmajorEuropeancountries:namethem.DiscusstheworkofErichvon
Korngold:whichofhisfilmscoreswonOscars?Whatisethnomusicologyandhow
doesthisapplytoBartok?NameBartoksmajorworks.WhatisaGesamtkunstwerk
andhowdoesthisapplytotheworkofPaulHindemith?
NamethecomposersofLesSix.WhoarethemajorEnglishcomposersofthe20th
century?OneimportantEnglish20thcenturycomposerisGustavHolst,mostfamousfor
hissymphonicworkentitled

.
NamethemajorAmericanclassicalcomposersmentionedinTrip14.
NamethemajorAmericanjazzperformersmentionedinTrip14.
WhatwasthepurposeofthebluesinpostWorldWarIIAmerica,andhowdiditevolve
intorocknroll?Whocoinedthetermrocknroll?Whatdoesitmeantocovera
tune?
ThecomposersStockhausenandBabbittaremostcommonlyassociatedwiththeir
pioneeringworkinthefieldof

music,whereasDallapiccolaand
Berioexplored

.Whatisaleatorymusic?

WhatisthesignificanceofthemusicofCage?BothGlassandReichareknownas
minimalistcomposers:nametheirmostimportantworks.
NamethemostimportantworksofcomposerJohnAdams.
WhowasthegeniusoftheBeachBoys,andwhatwastheirbreakthroughalbumcalled?
WhatwasthesignificanceoftheBeatlesarrivalinNewYorkin1964?Whatwasthe
subsequentarrivalofmanyBritishbandsintheUSreferredtoas?Whatisthetitleofthe
breakthroughalbumtheBeatlesspentsixmonthsrecordingin1967?
Whowerethegreatestfolkmusicartistsofthe1960s?
WhoinventedtheMoogSynthesizer?Theelectricguitar?
WhatdoesMIDImean?Whatdoesthetermworldmusicreferto?
GOODLUCK!