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THERMODYNAMIQUE ET ENERGETIQUE
Thermodynamique et cinmatique de
la compression
H. Jeanmart
herve.jeanmart@uclouvain.be
wm =
wu =
!
!
2
1
2
v dp + w f = "h
v dp
4
dW f = (1 i )dWm
dWu = dWm dW f = i dWm
p2 v1
=
p1 v2
T2 v1
=
T1 v2
m 1
T2 p2
=
T1 p1
m 1
m
m
p
Wm = H = c pT1 2 1
p1
m 1
p
Wm =
p1v1 2 1
1
p1
m 1
m
2
p2
m
Wu = Wm W f = vdp =
p1v1 1
1
m 1
p1
Wu
m 1
pi =
=
Wm m 1
(Wm )s = 1 vdp
(Wm )s
pv = cte
=
p1v1 2 1
1
p1
(Wm )s = (H )s = c p (T2 T1 )
s
s ,i =
(Wm )s
Wm
H 2s H1
H 2 H1
T2s T1
T2 T1
v dp
Wf
Le travail de compression isentropique
2S
v dp
pi =
Si =
8
pi = 0.800.85
Turbocompresseur radial
pi = 0.850.90
Turbocompresseur axial
si < pi
9
0.9
si
0.88
600
0.86
400
0.84
200
0
0
20
40
Wm
Wu
Wf
(Wm )s
60
80
100
p2 / p 1
0.82
0
20
40
60
! = 1.4
p1 = 100kPa
T1 = 293K
R = 287.1J / kgK
" pi = 0.9
80
100
p2 / p 1
10
Objectifs :
limiter la temprature
diminuer le travail moteur
11
pII
T
pI
12
p2i
T2 i = T1i
p1i
m 1
m
< Tmax
p2i
p1i max
p2i
p II
=
pI
p1i
n, le nombre dtages
p2i p2i +1
p II
=
== n
p1i p1i +1
pI
Wm = (H )i
Optimum nergtique
(H )i = c p (T2i T1i )
13
10
x 10
(Wm )1
Wm
p2 = 10000kPa
(Wm )s
= 1.4
p1 = 100kPa
T1 = 293K
R = 287.1J / kgK
4
3
0
(Wm )T
5
10
15
20
14
(Wm )T = 1vdp
(Wm )T
avec
pv = cte
p II
= p1v1 log
p I
Ti =
Ti
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
(Wm )T
= 1.4
0.6
Wm
p1 = 100kPa
0.5
T1 = 293K
0.4
R = 287.1J / kgK
0.3
0
10
15
20
15
16
u1 = r1
w1 = c1 u1
u2 = r2
c2 = w2 + u2
17
P = m Wm = M
Flux de moment de quantit
de mouvement en 1
m r2 c2t = m r2 c2 cos 2
La diffrence des flux correspond au couple exerc par le rotor sur
le fluide
r1 = u1
r2 = u2
18
2uc cos = u 2 + c 2 w2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
c c u u
w w
W m=
+
+
>0
2
2
2
Pour un compresseur :
c2 > c1
u2 > u1
w1 > w2