IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 01 | July 2015

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

A Behavioral Study of Cement Concrete with

Manufactured Sand
Mr. Bhaveshkumar M. Kataria
Lecturer
Department of Civil Engineering
B.V.P.I.T. (DS), Umrakh, Bardoli, Gujarat, India

Mr. Sandip U. Shah

Lecturer
Department of Civil Engineering
B.V.P.I.T. (DS), Umrakh, Bardoli, Gujarat, India

Abstract
Conventionally concrete is mixture of cement, sand and aggregate. But now a days, natural river sand is hard to obtained and
also extraction of sand from river has posed a great threat to environment. Also government has applied restriction on extraction
of sand from river. Hence, Scarcity of good quality Natural River sand due to depletion of resources and restriction due to
environmental consideration has made concrete manufactures to look for suitable alternative fine aggregate. Manufactured sand
is such potential alternative. Though manufactured sand has been in use in concrete manufacturing in India, the percentage of its
contribution is still very negligible. A well processed manufactured sand as partial or full replacement to river sand is the need of
time as a long term solution in Indian concrete industry until other suitable alternative fine aggregate are developed. This study is
carried out on experimental basis to use manufacture sand of Chikhli region of Gujarat state in India. Also, the cost parameter is
checked.
Keywords: Concrete, Compressive Strength, Manufactured Sand, River Sand Replacement, Split Tensile Strength,
Flexural Strength, Durability, Workability
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. Conventionally concrete is mixture of cement, sand
and aggregate. Properties of aggregate affect the durability and performance of concrete, so fine aggregate is an essential
component of concrete. The most commonly used fine aggregate is natural river sand. Scarcity of good quality Natural River
sand due to depletion of resources and restriction due to environmental consideration has made concrete manufactures to look for
suitable alternative fine aggregate. One alternative is Manufactured sand. Though manufactured sand has been in use in
concrete manufacturing in India, the percentage of its contribution is still very negligible. A well processed manufactured sand as
partial or full replacement to river sand is the need of time as a long term solution in Indian concrete industry until other suitable
alternative fine aggregate are developed. Concrete must keep evolving to satisfy the increasing demands of all its users.

II. DESIGN MIX MATERIALS

A. Cement:
The cement used is SANGHI OPC 53 grade cement. The Ordinary Portland Cement of 53 grade conforming to IS: 12269-2013
was used. Tests were conducted on cement like Consistency tests, Setting tests, Soundness, Compressive strength N/mm 2 at 28
days.
Table - 1
Properties of Cement
Results Obtained

Item

Tests

Consistency (%)

33.5 %

Requirement as per IS: 12269-2013

Fineness

6%

Initial Setting Time (minutes)

126

> 30

Final Setting Time (minutes)

215

< 600

3 days

28.8

> 27

7 days

39.5

> 37

< 10 %

Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

5

28 days

55.9

> 53

Soundness (Le-Chetelier Method)

2 mm

< 10 mm

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B. Coarse Aggregate
The fractions above 4.75 mm are termed as coarse aggregate. Two types of Coarse Aggregates from crushed Basalt rock,
conforming to IS: 383-1970were used as shown in table II & III below:
Sr. No.

2
3
4

Sr. No.

2
3

Table - 2
Properties of Coarse Aggregate 1 (20 Mm Nominal)
Tests
Results Requirement as per IS : 383-1970
Gradation precent passing on IS sieve
40mm
100 %
100 %
20mm
97.37 %
95 to 100 %
10mm
30.68 %
25 to 55 %
4.75mm
2.24 %
0 to 10 %
Sub base < 50 %
Impact value (%)
13.62
Base course < 40 %
Surface course < 30 %
Specific Gravity
2.81
---Water absorption (%)
0.91
<2%
Table - 3
Properties of Coarse Aggregate 1 (10 Mm Nominal)
Tests
Results Requirement as per IS : 383-1970
Gradation precent passing on IS sieve
12.5mm
100 %
100 %
10mm
92.4 %
95 to 100 %
4.75mm
16.72 %
25 to 55 %
2.76mm
3.11 %
0 to 10 %
Specific Gravity
2.79
---Water absorption (%)
0.96
<2%

C. Sand
Those fractions from 4.75 mm to 150 micron are termed as fine aggregate. The river fine aggregate was used as fine aggregate
conforming to the requirements of IS: 383-1970. The river fine Aggregate is washed and screened, to eliminate deleterious
materials and over size particles.
Sr. No.

2
3
4
5

Table - 4
Properties of River Sand
Tests
Gradation percent Passing on IS Sieve
4.75 mm
2.36 mm
1.18 mm
600 micron
300 micron
150 micron
Grading Zone
Fineness modulus
Specific gravity
Water absorption (%)

Results
95.4 %
86.4 %
74.2 %
44.8 %
17.2 %
2.4 %
II
2.80
2.67
1.63

Aggregate scarcity is the biggest concern today in India. On environmental grounds, there have been strict dredging
restrictions from various local authorities pertaining to taking out sea sand as well as river sand. This position is more prevalent
in the states of central and southern part of India, where availability of good quality fine aggregate is a constraint. Hence the
answer is to use manufactured sand which is artificially produced from rock.

Sr. No.

Table - 5
Properties of Manufactured Sand
Tests
Gradation percent Passing on IS Sieve
4.75 mm
2.36 mm
1.18 mm
600 micron
300 micron
150 micron
Grading Zone

Results
100 %
85.8 %
67.2 %
39.7 %
16.2 %
3.1 %
II

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A Behavioral Study of Cement Concrete with Manufactured Sand

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3
4
5

Fineness modulus
Specific gravity
Water absorption (%)

2.88
2.69
1.41

III. DESIGN MIX METHODOLOGY

A Concrete M25 grade was designed as per IS: 10262-2009 method and the same were used as reference mix. The design mix
proportion is as below:
For 1 m3
By Weight [kg]

Table - 6
Mix Design Proportion
Water Cement Fine Aggregate
200 L
400
665

Coarse Aggregate
1085

IV. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

Compressive strength tests were performed on compression testing machine using cube samples at 7 days and 28 days. Six
samples for each percentage of Manufacture sand were casted and then tested. The average strength values are reported in this
paper at 7 & 28 days.

V. WORKABILITY AS SLUMP (MM)

Experimental Concrete mix was tested for workability by slump test as per Indian standard. The results of workability are shown
in Table X.

VI. FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST

Flexural strength tests were performed on Universal testing machine using beam samples at 7 days and 28 days. Six samples for
Manufacture sand were casted and then tested. The average strength values are reported in this paper at 7 & 28 days.

VII. SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST

Split tensile strength tests were performed on Universal testing machine using cylinder samples at 7 days and 28 days. Six
samples for Manufacture sand were casted and then tested. The average strength values are reported in this paper at 7 & 28 days.

VIII. DURABILITY TEST OF CONCRETE (SEA WATER ATTACK)

Experimental Concrete mix was tested for Durability as percentage weight loss. The results are shown in Table X.

Sr. no.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Table - 7
Details of Id-Mark Of Specimens For Test
Description Id-mark
Test performed
Cube
CR
Compressive strength Test
Cube
CM
Compressive strength Test
Cylinder
CYR
Split Tensile Strength Test
Cylinder
CYM
Split Tensile Strength Test
Beam
BR
Flexural Strength Test
Beam
BM
Flexural Strength Test
Cube
CRD
Durability Test
Cube
CRD
Durability Test

No. of Specimen
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6

IX. RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Sr.
no.

Idmark

Slump test
(mm)

1
2
3

CR
CM
CYR

95
54

Table 8
Results of Experimental Study
compressive strength
Flexural strength
(n/mm2)
(n/mm2)
7 days
28 days
7 days
28 days
23.20
32.47
24.78
34.07

split tensile strength

(n/mm2)
7 days
28 days

2.01

durability
( % weight loss in sea
water)

3.11

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A Behavioral Study of Cement Concrete with Manufactured Sand

(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 01 / 016)

4
5
6
7
8

CYM
BR
BM
CRD
CMD

2.13
2.17
2.39

3.39

3.25
3.55
0.331
0.227

X. RESULT ANALYSIS
Table 9
Result Analysis

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A Behavioral Study of Cement Concrete with Manufactured Sand

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XI. RATE ANALYSIS

Table 10
Rate Analysis
Sr. no.

Id-mark

1
2

CR
CM

Material rate (Rs)

River
Manu.
Sand
Sand
Cement (per kg)
(per kg) (per kg)
6.2
0.70
0.70
6.2
0.70
0.70

C.A
(per kg)
0.65
0.65

Quantity for
River Manu.
Sand
Sand
Cement (kg)
(kg)
(kg)
400
665
0
400
0
665

C.A
(kg)
1085
1085

Total amount
3650
3650

XII. CONCLUSION
The major outcomes of these project work are:
1) The Workability of concrete reduces while we use Manufactured sand in Concrete as replacement of River sand.
2) The Compressive strength of concrete increase 5 % while we use Manufactured sand in Concrete as replacement of
River sand.
3) The Split tensile strength of concrete increase about 9 % while we use Manufactured sand in Concrete as replacement
of River sand.
4) The Flexural strength of concrete increase about 9 % while we use Manufactured sand in Concrete as replacement of
River sand.
5) The % weight loss in Sea water of concrete with Manufacture sand is less than the Concrete wit River sand Which
indicates that the Durability of Concrete is enhanced by using manufacture sand as replacement of River sand.

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A Behavioral Study of Cement Concrete with Manufactured Sand

(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 01 / 016)

6) As analysis of results, it is clear that all properties of concrete are enhanced by using Manufacture sand as replacement
of river sand. Hence, Manufacture sand is suitable alternative to protect environment from the problems associated with
extraction of river sand.
7) Also the cost of, Manufacture sand of Chikhli region and River sand, are same. Therefore no extra expenditure included
to use manufacture sand in concrete.

REFERENCES
Papers:
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]

An experimental investigation on the properties of concrete containing manufactured sand by Priyanka A. Jadhav and Dilip K. Kulkarni (June 2012)
Manufactured Sand, A Solution And An Alternative To River Sand And In Concrete Manufacturing by Dr. S. Elavenil and B. Vijaya (February 2013)
Effect of Manufactured Sand on Durability Properties of Concrete by Nimitha. Vijayaraghavan & Dr. A.S. Wayal (2013)
Effects of manufactured sand on compressive strength and workability concrete by Nimitha Vijayaraghavan and A S Wayal
Properties of Concrete by Replacement Of Natural Sand With Artificial Sand by Vinayak R.Supekar & Popat D.Kumbhar

Books
[i] Concrete Technology - M. S. Shetty
[ii] Concrete Technology M. L. Gambhir
[iii] reinforcement Concrete Technology Nevilie
[iv] Concrete Technology S. P. Chandra & V. N. Vazirani

Websites
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete
http://www.msand.in/
http://www.robo.co.in/manufacturesand.htm
http://nbmcw.com/articles/concrete/28675-use-of-manufactured-sand-in-concrete-and-construction-an-alternate-to-river-sand.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_aggregate

IS CODES
[11] IS516-1959,MethodsofTestsforStrengthofConcrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[12] IS 4031 -1988, Methods for Physical Tests for Hydraulic Cement, Part 6- Determination of Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Other than
Masonry Cement, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[13] IS10262-2009,ISMethod of Mix Design,Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[14] IS 12269 -1987, Specification for 53 Grade OPC, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

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