IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 01 | July 2015

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

Comparative Study of Wind Analysis with

Horizontal Irregularities in Multi-Storied
Buildings using STAAD.PRO
Kintali Sai Nanda Kishore
M. Tech Student
Department of Structural Engineering
Andhra University College of Engineering

K Satya Narasimha Rao

M. Tech Student
Department of Civil Engineering
Andhra University College of Engineering

Dr. Shaik Yajdhani

Assistant Professor
Department of Structural Engineering
Andhra University College of Engineering

Abstract
In designing the multi-storied buildings, irregularities in structures are inevitable due to functional requirements of the
building.In the present paper horizontally irregular buildings are analyzed for their stability. A multi-storey horizontally irregular
building as described in IS 875-1987(Part III) were modelled in Staad.pro. Irregular plans like L-shape, U-shape are considered
for study along with Regular Building. Each building is raised 15 storeys height and assessment is done for each shape.
Buildings are analyzed for dead loads, live loads and wind loads as described in IS 875-1987(Part I,II,III) respectively.
Combinations of loads are taken as per the relevant Indian standard codes. Parameters like bending moment, nodal displacement,
storey drift are used for assessment. Results are plotted for beams, columns and structure as a whole for different shapes.
Keywords: Horizontal Irregularity, Wind Load, Multistory R/c Buildings, Staadpro
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION
Over the last two decades, wind engineering has increasingly focused on the modest low rise and high rise structures, since much
of the damage and financial loss associated with extreme wind events happens to these minimally engineered buildings like low
rise buildings and also huge loss if encountered by the high rise buildings. As some of these model and full scale wind
engineering data filters into the design codes and standards, one may expect to see reduced hurricane/cyclone damage. However,
when one combines the more rapid increase in population along the worlds tropical coasts with a generally unacceptably low
standard of new building construction inspection, it seems quite likely that loss of life, as well as insured and uninsured property
losses will continue to be the norm in the foreseeable future. The wind engineering community needs to be more responsible in
forcefully transferring our technical knowledge to the designer and builder.
This analysis mainly deals with the study of a Regular, L, and U shaped plan using Staadpro. A 19.64m x 16.88m 15-storeys
structure is modelled using Staadpro. The height of each storey is taken as 3m, making total height of the structure 45m. Loads
considered are taken in accordance with the IS-875(Part1, Part2), IS-1893(2002) code. Post analysis of the structure, maximum
shear forces, bending moments, and maximum storey displacement are computed and then compared for all the analysed cases.

II. METHOD OF ANALYSIS

A. Code-based Procedure for Wind Analysis
The basic wind speed for any site shall be obtained from Fig 2.1 and shall be modified to include the following effects to get
design wind speed, Vz at any height, Z for the chosen structure: (a) Risk level, (b) Terrain roughness and height of structure, (c)
Local topography, and (d) Importance factor for the cyclonic region. It can be mathematically expressed as follows:
V =V k k k k,
z

Where,
V = design wind speed at any height z in m/s,
z

k = probability factor (risk coefficient) (see 5.3.1),

1

k = terrain roughness and height factor (see 5.3.2),

2

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Comparative Study of Wind Analysis with Horizontal Irregularities in Multi-Storied Buildings using STAAD.PRO
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 01 / 034)

k = topography factor (see 5.3.3), and

3

k = importance factor for the cyclonic region (see 5.3.4).

4

NOTE: The wind speed may be taken as constant upto a height of 10 m. However, pressures for buildings less than 10m high
may be reduced by 20% for stability and design of the framing.

Fig. 1: Risk coefficients for different classes of Structures in Different Wind Speed Zones

III. MODELLING AND ANALYSIS

An RCC framed structure is basically an assembly of slabs, beams, columns and foundation inter-connected to each other as a
unit. The load transfer mechanism in these structures is from slabs to beams, from beams to columns, and then ultimately from
columns to the foundation, which in turn passes the load to the soil. In this structural analysis study, we have adopted three cases
by assuming different shapes for the same structure, as explained below.
(1). Regular Plan; (2). L-shape Plan; (3). U-shape Plan
Design Parameters: Here the Analysis is being done for G+14 (rigid joint frame) building by computer software using STAADPro.
Design Characteristics: The following design characteristic are considered for Multi-storey rigid jointed plane frames
S.No
1
2
3

Table - 1
Design Data of RCC Frame Structures:
Particulars
Dimension/Size/Value
Model
G+14
Wind Speed
50m/S
Floor Height
3m

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Comparative Study of Wind Analysis with Horizontal Irregularities in Multi-Storied Buildings using STAAD.PRO
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 01 / 034)

4
5
6

Plan Size
Size Of Columns
Size Of Beams

Walls

8
9

Thickness Of Slab
Type Of Soil

10

Material Used

11
15

Static Analysis
Software Used

19.64m X 16.88 m
0.60mX 0.60m
0.45m X 0.30m
1) External Wall =0.23 m
2) Internal Wall =0.115 m
150 mm
Type-II,Medium Soil As Per Is-1893
Concrete M-30 And Reinforcement
Fe-415
Equivalent Lateral Force Method
Staad.Pro For Static Analysis

Fig. 2: Plan of Regular Building

Fig 3: Plan of L-Shape Building

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Comparative Study of Wind Analysis with Horizontal Irregularities in Multi-Storied Buildings using STAAD.PRO
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 01 / 034)

Fig. 4: Plan of U-Shape Building

Fig 5: Wind Loading in (+) X-Direction for Regular Building

Fig. 6: Wind Loading in (+) X-Direction For L-Shape Building

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Comparative Study of Wind Analysis with Horizontal Irregularities in Multi-Storied Buildings using STAAD.PRO
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 01 / 034)

Fig 7 Wind Loading in (+) X-Direction for U-Shape Building

Fig 8 Deflection of Regular shape building

Fig. 9 Deflection of L-shape building

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Comparative Study of Wind Analysis with Horizontal Irregularities in Multi-Storied Buildings using STAAD.PRO
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 01 / 034)

Fig. 10: Deflection of U-shape building

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

A. Comparison of Bending Moment in Beams:
Table 2
Comparison of Bending Moment in Beams
Storey Number

Regular Building(KN-m)

L Shape Building(KN-m)

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5

57.5
84.4
86.2
87.9
90.0
92.1
94.3
98.3
100.1
101.6
102.8

67.6
97.0
100.7
104.0
107.3
110.5
113.5
116.3
118.8
121.0
122.7

U shape Building
(KN-m)
58.1
86.1
90.2
94.2
98.2
102.2
106.0
109.6
113.0
116.2
118.9

Fig. 11: Graph 1

B. Comparison of Bending Moment in Columns:
Table 2
Comparison of Bending Moment in Columns

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Comparative Study of Wind Analysis with Horizontal Irregularities in Multi-Storied Buildings using STAAD.PRO
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 01 / 034)

Storey Number
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5

Regular Building
(KN-m)
40.5
41.1
42.1
44.4
47.5
51.5
53.5
54.4
57.2
58.9
60.6

L Shape Building
(KN-m)
58.4
60.2
62.6
64.9
66.8
68.6
70.2
71.6
72.7
73.3
72.5

U shape Building
(KN-m)
49.9
52.9
55.4
60.6
65.0
67.0
68.7
70.2
71.3
71.1
70.1

Fig. 12: Graph 2

C. Comparison of Bending Moments in Continuous Beams:

Storey
number
14
13
12
5
4
3

Table 3
Comparison of Bending Moments in Continuous Beams:
Regular&U-shape
L-shape Building
Regular L-shape
Continuous Beam No. Continuous Beam No. (KN-m) (KN-m)
1166-1170
965-969
88.4
96.6
1085-1089
898-902
87.1
97
1004-1008
831-835
86.5
97.7
356-360
295-299
79.2
92.7
275-279
228-232
77.7
90.5
194-198
161-165
76.1
87.8

U-Shape
(KN-m)
117.7
121.4
126.0
146.9
145.3
141.4

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Comparative Study of Wind Analysis with Horizontal Irregularities in Multi-Storied Buildings using STAAD.PRO
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 01 / 034)

Fig. 13: Graph 3

D. Comparison of Nodal displacements in Z(width) direction

Storey
Number
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

Regular Building
node no
500
469
438
407
376
345
314
283
252
221
190
159
128
97

Table 4
Comparison of Nodal displacements in Z(width) direction
L-Shape Building U shape Building
Regular
L-Shape
node no
node no
Building(mm)
Building (mm)
420
500
22.582
48.950
394
469
22.204
48.195
368
438
21.523
47.269
342
407
20.711
45.897
316
376
19.758
44.073
290
345
18.667
41.806
264
314
17.442
39.1
238
283
16.090
35.9
212
252
14.613
32.4
186
221
13.012
28.4
160
190
11.285
24.1
134
159
9.417
19.4
108
128
7.356
14.478
82
97
5.136
9.4

U shape
Building (mm)
68.553
66.452
64.113
61.452
58.402
54.939
51.050
46.726
41.960
36.748
31.095
25.039
18.689
12.223

Fig. 14: Graph 4

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Comparative Study of Wind Analysis with Horizontal Irregularities in Multi-Storied Buildings using STAAD.PRO
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 01 / 034)

E. Comparison of Storey Drift in Z(width) Direction

Storey
Height
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3

Regular Building
node no
500
469
438
407
376
345
314
283
252
221
190
159
128

Table 5
Comparision of Storey Drift in Z(width) Direction
L-Shape Building U shape Building
Regular
node no
node no
Building(mm)
420
500
0.378
394
469
0.681
368
438
0.812
342
407
0,953
316
376
1.091
290
345
1.225
264
314
1.352
238
283
1.777
212
252
1.601
186
221
1.727
160
190
1.868
134
159
2.061
108
128
2.22

L-Shape
Building (mm)
0.755
0.926
1.372
1.824
2.267
2.706
3.2
3.5
4
4.3
4.7
4.92
5

U shape
Building (mm)
2.101
2.339
2.661
3.05
3.5
3.9
4.7
4.8
5.2
5.7
6
6.4
6.466

Fig. 15: Graph 5

F. Column End Forces On Frame 4-A-B:

COLUMN
C1066

C1067

C1147

Table 5
Column End Forces On Frame 4-A-B :
L/C
Node Shear-Y KN Shear-Z KN Moment-Y KN-m
Dead Load
416
0.457
-0.003
-0.025
447
-0.457
0.003
0.034
Wind Loads
416
-13.186
-10.151
14.882
447
13.186
10.151
15.572
Dead Load+Wind Loads 416
-19.8
-9.95
16.884
447
19.8
9.95
12.966
Dead Load
417
2.114
0.267
-0.382
448
-2.114
-0.267
-0.419
Wind Loads
417
-20.344
-9.474
13.988
448
20.344
9.474
14.435
Dead Load+Wind Loads 417
-30.54
-8.893
15.486
448
30.54
8.893
11.194
Dead Load
447
0.001
0.009
-0.086
478
-0.001
-0.009
0.06
Wind Loads
447
-14.619
-10.099
14.857
478
14.619
10.099
15.44
Dead Load+Wind Loads 447
-21.947
-11.348
18.68
478
21.947
11.348
15.363

Moment-Z KN-m
-0.653
2.025
-19.871
-19.688
-29.836
-29.566
1.904
4.437
-29.975
-31.058
-44.996
-46.624
-1.31
1.313
-21.051
-22.808
-31.595
-34.246

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Comparative Study of Wind Analysis with Horizontal Irregularities in Multi-Storied Buildings using STAAD.PRO
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 01 / 034)

C1148

Dead Load
Wind Loads
Dead Load+Wind Loads

C1228

Dead Load
Wind Loads
Dead Load+Wind Loads

C1229

Dead Load
Wind Loads
Dead Load+Wind Loads

448
479
448
479
448
479
478
509
478
509
478
509
479
510
479
510
479
510

1.219
-1.219
-17.881
17.881
-26.842
26.842
-1.069
1.069
-15.621
15.621
-23.444
23.444
0.586
-0.586
-21.612
21.612
-32.424
32.424

0.238
-0.238
-10.549
10.549
-11.947
11.947
0.155
-0.155
-10.851
10.851
-12.885
12.885
0.235
-0.235
-12.376
12.376
-15.14
15.14

-0.321
-0.394
14.241
17.406
17.65
18.191
-0.232
-0.232
14.877
17.675
19.512
19.143
-0.246
-0.458
17.899
19.228
24.024
21.395

0.724
2.932
-28.853
-24.789
-43.303
-37.223
-1.984
-1.222
-18.154
-28.709
-27.236
-43.094
0.073
1.686
-23.59
-41.246
-35.388
-61.883

G. Beam End Forces on Frame 4-A-B:

Beam

L/C

1102

Wind Loads
Dead Load
Deadload + Wind Loads

1183

Wind Loads
Dead Load
Deadload + Wind Loads

1264

Wind Loads
Dead Load
Deadload + Wind Loads

Table 6
Beam End Forces on Frame 4-A-B
Shear-Y
Node
Shear-Z KN Moment-Y K-Nm
KN
447
-0.405
-0.098
0.123
448
0.405
0.098
0.178
447
43.498
-0.246
0.409
448
11.514
0.246
0.35
447
65.281
0.062
-0.033
448
17.236
-0.062
-0.158
478
0.465
-0.139
0.184
479
-0.465
0.139
0.243
478
44.099
-0.234
0.403
479
10.912
0.234
0.319
478
66.178
0.07
-0.026
479
16.339
-0.07
-0.19
509
0.89
-0.22
0.308
510
-0.89
0.22
0.371
509
29.42
-0.261
0.46
510
6.465
0.261
0.344
509
44.152
0.022
0.073
510
9.675
-0.022
-0.14

Moment-Z K-Nm
-0.712
-0.537
40.917
8.338
61.429
12.562
0.671
0.761
41.245
9.863
61.912
14.839
1.239
1.503
29.187
6.164
43.813
9.282

V. CONCLUSION

Bending moments in Beams and columns show a rise in the Regular Shape, L shape, U shape values as the storey height
reduces, with L shape having the greatest value.
Bending moments in continuous beams show a rise in u shape building as the storey height is decreased.
Nodal displacements Z directions falls gradually as the storey height is decreased. Displacements in U shape are about 2
times of displacements in Regular Shape building.
Storey drift in Z directions rise gradually as the storey height is decreased. Drift in U shape building rise to more than
4.5 times of Regular Shape building.
As the calculated drift is more than the allowable drift (h/500) due to combination of loads, lateral-load resisting
element such as lateral bracings are provided to the RCC structure .
Bending moments in Beams and Columns due to wind forces are observed to have much larger values compared to that
due to static loads.

REFERENCES
[1]

Abhay Guleria, Structural Analysis of a Multi-Storeyed Building using ETABS for different Plan Configurations International Journal For Engineering
Research And Technology, Vol. 3 Issue 5, May 2014.

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Comparative Study of Wind Analysis with Horizontal Irregularities in Multi-Storied Buildings using STAAD.PRO
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 01 / 034)
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]

Stefano Pasto Equivalent static wind loads on tall buildings, BBAA VI International Colloquium on: Bluff Bodies Aerodynamics & Applications,
Milano, Italy, July, 2024, 2008.
Swati D.Ambadkar, Vipul S. Bawner, Behaviour of multi-storeyed building under the effect of wind load, International Journal Applied Science And
Engineering Research, Vol. 1, Issue 4, 2012.
BIS (1987). IS 875 (Part 1,2,3) 1987 Indian Standard code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and structures, Bureau
of Indian Standard, New Delhi.
Islam & Siddique, Murshed,Sustainable development in drift control of Tall buildings, 4th Annual Paper Meet and 1st Civil Engineering Congress,
December 22-24,2011.

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