Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Digital Video Processing, Architecture and School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Standard Design, Philips Consumer Electronics Nanyang Technological University
620A Lorong 1, Toa Payoh, Singapore 319762 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
emails: Charayaphan.Charoensak@Philips, email: efsattar@ntu.edu.sg
ecchara@ntu.edu.sg
Bilateral filter discussed in this paper offers hardware
ABSTRACT simplification and is suitable for FPGA implementation.
The paper first introduces technique for dynamic range
This paper presents efficient FPGA hardware compression followed by introduction of Bilateral filter.
architecture for the implementation of a digital video Then, MATLAB simulations showing the results of
processing algorithm for improving picture quality when dynamic range compression is given. After that, the final
displayed on devices such as LCD/PDP panels. The verification of the FPGA design was carried out and the
algorithm performs dynamic range compression on the FPGA synthesis results are reported.
photographic quality input video and produces the output
suitable for displaying on a display panel. The algorithm is
based on using Bilateral filter. Bilateral filter is a type of 2. PREVIOUS WORK ON DYNAMIC RANGE
non-iterative smoothing filter that preserves edge COMPRESSION
information. The proposed architecture demonstrates a
good compromise between filtering performance and FPGA One technique that takes a high-dynamic-range image
resource requirements. The architecture was prototyped in input and compresses its contrast while preserving the
hardware using FPGA. The design and simulation was details was introduced in [5][6]. Such algorithm is based
carried out using FPGA system-level design approach. on two-scale decomposition of the image into a base layer
(large-scale features) and a detail layer. Only the base
layer has its contrast reduced while the detail is preserved,
1. INTRODUCTION thus preserving the visible details. The algorithm requires
implementation of edge-preserving filter – a filter that
There is an increasing demand for more research on blurs the small variations of a signal (noise or texture
high-definition (HD) picture quality processing for detail) but preserves the large discontinuities (edges).
applications in consumer-based television. Such areas Bilateral filter is commonly used to implement the edge-
include full-HD picture quality enhancement and LCD/PDP preserving filter and is discussed in more detail in next
panel picture quality improvement. The consumer expects section.
photorealistic quality from the expensive HD television set
they purchased. Today, the digital signal processors used
inside a television set often support up to 14 bits processing 3. BILATERAL FILTER AS AN IMAGE
data path allowing a very wide signal dynamic range. ESTIMATOR
However, the display panels often limit the signal data
width to within 8 to 10 bits. In addition to that, the optical Bilateral filter was first introduced by Smith and
property of the display panel further limits the effective Brady under the name “SUSAN” [3] and was later referred
dynamic range. Thus, effective techniques for compressing to as “Bilateral filter” [1][4]. The filter replaces each pixel
the dynamic range of the input image for displaying on a by a weighted average of its neighbors. The weight
typical display panel are desirable. assigned to each neighbor decreases with both the distance
in the image plane and the distance on the intensity axis.
This paper presents our work on hardware architecture Thus, it is a form of moving average adaptive filter
of FPGA-based circuit for the implementation of dynamic weighted:
range compression suitable for video applications. The ∑ y w( k 1 yl − yk ) w2 ( l − k )
algorithm is based on using Bilateral filter (BF) for the lx = k ∈η l
l
(1)
implementation of edge-preserving smoothing filter. The ∑w(
k ∈η l
1 yl − yk ) w2 ( l − k )
Here, yl and x are the filter input and output values w2 ( l − k ) P (ζ | k ) (8)
l
(a)
(a)
(b)
Fig. 3 Dynamic range compression result reported in [5]. (a) Input
image showing high resolution image but contains portion with bright
zone (near the lamp) and vary dark zone (corners), (b) Output image
showing much improved lighting distribution throughout the image
with details preserved.
(b)
5. PROPOSED HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE
FOR DYNAMIC RANGE COMPRESSION