History of Educational Technology

Education During the Ancient Times

Man started to use pointed sticks to in script signs and symbol on the leaves of
trees and knives for the bark of trees.

At about 3100 B.C. the Egyptians devised a system for picture writing called
hieroglyphics.

Rise of the class known as scribes, a group of men trained in the art of writing.

In ancient Greece, the Spartan education Emphasized the Development of

Physical body coupled with discipline.
The boys underwent exercises and activities that promoted bodily strength,
endurance and vitality. They were taught by the paidonomus, a military commander
in the public barracks.
The girls on the other hand stayed by their mothers who taught them the
rudiments of housekeeping and motherhood
In Athens, the right of the individual to develop to the fullest is recognized.
Music schools with the kitharist
Grammar schools with the grammatist and
Gymnastics with the paedotribe
With the help of the Sophist, cognitive rules, systematically arranged subject matter
instructional technologies and effective instructional materials were designed and
implemented.
Education During the Medieval Era

The establishment of the Medieval University

Emperor Frederick I of Bologna in 1158 chartered the first University degrees

The Saracens or the Arabs among the Moors of Spain aimed to search for
knowledge and the application of scientific facts to their daily lives
They originated the scientific method of teaching.

Education During the Renaissance Period

John Amos Comenius developed the first picture book known as the Orbis Pictus
(the World in Pictures)

He was considered as the pioneer in instructional technology development

Maria Montessori used multi-sensory materials to teaching

Education During the Age of Naturalism

Jean Jacques Rousseau authored the book Emile

Aims to the preservation of natural goodness of the individual and the formation
of the society based upon the recognition of individual natural rights
Herbartian method of teaching
Preparation
Presentation
Comparison and abstraction
Generalization and
Application

Froebel, the Father of Kindergarten, emphasized the use of actual objects, which could
be manipulated by the learners.
Pestallozi believed that teaching is more effective if it proceeds from concrete to
abstract

Educational Movement in the 19th Century

John Dewey formulated the scientific theory of learning

Edward Lee Thorndike advanced the three primary laws of learning
Production of books, use of blackboard, pen and inks
Photography
Visual media widely accepted, 1920

Audio-visual materials
Educational films,1926
First TV instructional program,1932
16 mm sound motion picture was developed

Education in Contemporary Times

Revision and enrichment of curriculum to include courses in computer applications
Computer Aided Instructions
Internet and E-mail
Computerization of the different aspects of administration and supervision

Ancient
Times

Medieval
Era

Renaissance

Contempo
rary
Times

Age of
Naturalism

19th Century