RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE

BIOMASS ENERGY

Introduction
Enough Biomass resources in the world to cover the worlds
energy demand. (1)
_ Using Biomass sources for power generation is CO2
neutral.
_ More economically viable now with CDM and CER certs
sale (for
certain situations - primarily on methane emission
reduction).

Abundant Biomass resources in Asia

More than 30% of the worlds Biomass resources located in

Asia. (1)


Cost competitive rates for labor input and transportation.
Various technologies and options available

Direct Biomass
combustion

Generation of electricity through heat & steam

Biomass Liquefaction via Pyrolysis

Power generation by combustion of pyrolysis oil

Gasification of Biomass
Power generation using derived producer gas

Organic plant based oil (i.e. Crude Palm Oil - CPO)


Generation of electricity using CPO

Biogas anaerobic digestion

Power generation using scrubbed methane gas

Biomass Combustion
Relatively established and proven technologies
Economically viable for sizes between 6MWe to 15MWe

Economical viability of Biomass combustion

Example from a high cost country: Japan
Fuel cost around 5000 yen (USD 42) per ton wood waste
Construction cost USD 2.7 million per MWe
Electricity selling price USD 12.5 cents per kWh
Estimated break-even (payback) time is 6 years
Eg. low cost: Malaysia
EFB fuel USD 6.3
USD 1.8 mio MWe
Elect sell USD 6.4c
Breakeven 7 yrs

Viable without subsidy

6Prospective segments & challenges
Biomass Combustion Power plant is attractive to:
Industrial Factories owners
Plantation/Mill owners
Sugar cane (Bagasse)
Rice (Rice Husks)
Wood/Paper (Wood Wastes)
Corn (Corn Wastes)
Palm Oil (Empty Fruit Bunches, Shells)
Cassava (Roots, Stems)
Able to supply both Electricity and Heat (steam) for factory
use
Main challenges:
securing the long term supply of Biomass fuel source at
stable prices
selling price of electricity, if connected to the grid to sell
electricity
Biomass Liquefaction via Pyrolysis
A process similar to Gasification
Heating of Hydrocarbons in zero oxygen condition
Condenses the vapors to obtain Bio-oil (pyrolysis oil)
Bio-oil is easily transportable, store and handle
Can be combusted in boiler for heat or electrical generation

(4) Economical viability of pyrolysis oil

Quick Comparision
Crude oil (fossil) at
USD 50 per barrel
USD 12 per GJ (4)
EFB pyrolysis oil
USD 8 per GJ (4)
Suitable for factory
process heat & electric

Prospective segments & challenge

Example solution for EFB pyrolysis oil
Attractive to Palm Oil Mill owners
Coverts EFB wastes into Bio-oil

 CER credit for better profitability

Closed cycle for mills waste
If tap POME for Biogas
Main challenge:

Need Cheap electricity

supply for the pyrolysis process
(can be obtained from Biogas plant)
Gasification of Biomass

Obtain producer gas (syngas) through heating of Biomass in

limited oxygen condition
Stoichiometric (normal) combustion has air-to-fuel ratio of
6:1
Sub-stoichiometric (gasification) has air-to-fuel ratio of
1.5:1
Syngas: H2 20%, CO2 12%, CH4 3%, CO 20%, balance N2
Prospective segments & challenges
Small sized Biomass Gasifiers
Suitable for remote electrification
using wood chips / blocks
Ideal for small factories, mills
Electricity, process heat

Main challenges:
Small sized biomass needs to
be briquetted.
Maintenance in remote Region
can be difficult and expensive
Organic plant based oil Crude Palm Oil (CPO)

Economical viability of CPO

Challenges Evironmental issues

"... carbon released from peat swamps in Indonesia and
Malaysia
that had been drained and burned to plant palm oil trees."
(8)
"The four-year study found that ... those 2 billion tons of
CO2
account for 8 percent of the world's fossil fuel emissions." (8)
"Major power companies are divided on whether to continue
or
pursue palm oil generation." (8)

Suitable situations & segments for Biofuels use

Non-productive land, plant Jatropha
Small scale CPO for electricity generation
Biofuels use in transportation vehicles
Vehicles difficult to be carbon neutral
Helps to reduce air pollution
Biogas anaerobic digestion

Substrate storage and utilization

Output substrate is stabilized and can be applied to fields as
a
liquid fertilizer.
Rich in nutrients including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P),
potassium (K) and other trace elements.

Project references
Large Biogas

Jterbog 1.700 kW el.

Grna 625 kW el.
Schwanebeck 625 kW el.
Gollensdorf 625 kW el.
Lbau 716 kW el.
Prospective segments & challenges
Large sized Biogas system
Suitable for plantations, mills and
factories that has organic solid
wastes or waste water.
Able to produce large amount of
electricity and heat from animal
manure too.
Connect to the grid or for internal
factory use.

Main challenge:

Long term supply of organic

feedstock at reasonable price
Technics is Europes largest and fastest growing
system integrator for renewable energy
Company:
Founded 1996 by Hans-Martin Rter
Hamburg, Germany
Experience out of 5000 power plants
between 20 W and 20 MW
Part of the Conergy group

 over 1400 employees worldwide

Fast global expansion