IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 02 | August 2015

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

Design and Analytical Calculation for a Hydram

using Individual Head Losses
Piyush B. Shende
Student
Department of Mechanical Engineering
K.D.K.C.E Nagpur, India

Dr. S. K. Choudhary
Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
K.D.K.C.E Nagpur, India

A. P. Ninawe
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
K.D.K.C.E Nagpur, India

Abstract
This paper presents the design of hydram, basic concepts of hydram and analytical calculation using individual head losses of
hydram with the related search. The study specifies individual head losses influencing the efficiency of the hydram. These are
based on a systematic study of the all parameters affecting the hydram.
Keywords: Hydram, Individual Head Losses, Efficiency, Parameters Affecting Hydram
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION
A. Design Components
(Combination of galvanized and PVC as indicated).
2 40 PVC Pipe.
2 PVC Pipe Cap. (Rounded high pressure, not waste grade).
2 slip to 1.5 female pipe thread PVC reducer / adaptor.
Main body T (4)
Taper openings (2 and 1.5)
GI pipe nipples (2, 1.5 and 1)
GI Coupler (1.5, 2)
Reducer (2-1.5, 1.5-1)
Adapter (2)
Ball (40mm)
GI T (1.5mm)
Waste valve (4)
Aluminum piston (70mm)
Piston rod (20mm)
Lock Clip with washer
Delivery pipe (1)
Teflon thread tape
B. Part Specification

Sr. no
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Parts used
Main body T
Waste valve
Taper opening
Piston disc
Piston rod
Lock nut
O ring

Table 1
Part Specification
Material
Dimensions Quantity
MS
4
1
MS
4
1
MS
2 and 1.5
2
Aluminum
70 mm
1
MS
20 mm
1
MS
22 mm
2
Rubber
70 mm
2

Machine used
Lathe
CNC,EDM
Lathe
CNC, Drilling and lathe m/c
Lathe
Tapping wrench and taps
-

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Design and Analytical Calculation for a Hydram using Individual Head Losses
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 02 / 016)

Above table indicates the various parts used and its altogether specifications. In the fabrication process of ram pump the
operation sequence required is first of all estimated and according to that the various materials is supplied to the machine.
In the fabrication of the above shown model lathe machine, drilling machine, EDM, and CNC machines are used. For
fabrication of the window of waste valve a special type of EDM machine is used for having its advantage of fine cutting
operation.

Fig. 1: Parts used

Fig. 2: Assembly of Hydraulic Ram Pump

II. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

Nomenclature- Qs=supply rate, A= area of pipe, Vs=supply velocity, Vd= velocity through deliver pipe, Ad= area of drive pipe,
Dwv= dia. Of waste valve, At=area of T-section, Awv=area of waste valve, Hd=delivery head, Hs= supply head, Qw= rate of
water through waste valve.
A. The volumetric discharge from the drive pipe is given by
(

B. The Velocity of Fluid Flow in the Supply Pipe is given by

C. The velocity of fluid flow in the delivery pipe is given by

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108

Design and Analytical Calculation for a Hydram using Individual Head Losses
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 02 / 016)

D. Discharge through delivery pipe is given by

E. Discharge through waste valve is given by

(

F. Velocity of fluid flow in T-junction is given by

G. Losses
1) Head Loss Due to Sudden Enlargement
(

2) Head loss due to sudden contraction

3) Head loss at inlet

4) Head loss at outlet

5) Head loss due to pipe fittings

6) Coefficient of friction is given by

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109

Design and Analytical Calculation for a Hydram using Individual Head Losses
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 02 / 016)

7) Re (Reynolds number) can be determined by

8) Water acceleration in the driven pipe, this acceleration is given by

(

(
9) Drag force given by equation

10) The force that accelerates the fluid is given by

11) The pressure at waste valve is obtained by

12) The power required can k calculated using this expression

(

Where, h = Hd-Hs
13) The efficiency of the hydram is given by
(
(

)
)

Table 1
Sample Calculations
SR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

L
(m)
6
6
6
6
6
15
6
6
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15

Hs
(m)
2
2
8
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1.4
1.4
3
3
5
5

Hd
(m)
4
4
15
7
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2.5
2.5
4.5
4.5
8
8

Ds
(mm)
25
25
50
55
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101

Dt
(mm)
70
75
75
75
127
127
90
76
90
76
177
127
177
127
90
127
90

Vs
(m/s)
6.01
6.01
12.0
7.36
6.01
6.01
6.01
6.01
6.01
6.01
6.01
5.03
5.03
7.36
7.36
9.50
9.50

Vd
(m/s)
8.50
8.50
16.4
11.2
8.50
8.50
8.50
8.50
8.50
8.50
8.50
6.72
6.72
9.02
9.02
12.0
12.0

Qs*10-3m3/s

Qd*10-3m3/s

Qw*10-3 m3/s

2.45
2.45
9.81
0.0118
40.05
100.14
40.05
40.05
40.05
100.14
100.14
100.14
100.14
100.14
100.14
100.14
100.14

1.04
1.04
8.07
6.68
17.02
17.02
17.02
17.02
17.02
17.02
17.02
0.0134
0.0134
0.0180
0.0180
0.0240
0.0240

1.41
1.41
1.74
5.12
23.03
83.12
23.03
23.03
83.12
83.12
83.12
0.0867
0.0867
0.0821
0.0821
0.0761
0.0761

Vt
(m/s
0.36
0.31
0.39
1.15
1.81
6.56
2.33
5.07
13.0
18.3
3.37
6.84
3.52
6.48
12.9
6.01
11.2

P3
(kw)
14.2
12.9
375
119
246
416
482
879
253
688
136
556
93.4
415
237
559
225

P
(kw)
48.06
48.06
981.06
463.03
785.78
1964.7
785.78
785.78
1964.7
1964.7
1964.7
1080.6
1080.8
1473.5
1473.5
2947.1
2947.1

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%
42.44
42.44
71.98
75.48
42.49
16.99
42.49
42.49
16.99
16.99
16.99
10.51
10.51
8.99
8.99
14.37
14.37

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Design and Analytical Calculation for a Hydram using Individual Head Losses
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 02 / 016)

III. GRAPHS

Fig. 1: Graphs

IV. CONCLUSIONS
Design of hydram is acceptable for the general uses. Considering individual losses it is seen that performance of hydram flow is
drastically affected. It will help to predict losses in complete working system. So that we will try to minimize the losses in curve.

REFERENCES
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Teferi Taye, A hydraulic ram pumps Journal of the Ethiopian Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol.II, No, 1, July 1998
T.H.Thomas, Algebric Modeling of the Behavior of Hydraulic Ram Pumps
Roberto A. Alaban Jr.,Hydraulic Ram for Fuel-free Water Lifting
David Effa and Dr. Abiy Awoke,BMEIA HYDRAM PUMP DESIGN
B W Young, Simplified Analysis and Design of the Hydraulic Ram Pump
Allen Inversin, hydraulic ram
George R. ClarkA hydraulic ram
Ma Chi, Peter Diemer, Hydraulic Ram Handbook, BORDA, 2002
Ma Chi, Hydraulic ram installation and operation, Energy Engineering, 1997.

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