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{a ( x 1) 5 b ( x 1) 4 c ( x 1) 3 d ( x 1) 2 e ( x
n
k4
k 1
in n.
(1975)
2. (a)Let b1 , . . . , b n be real numbers,
B( x ) ( x b1 )( x b 2 ) . . . ( x b n ) and
B'(x) the derivative of B(x). Show that b1 , . . . , b n are all distinct if and only if
B' ( b1 ), . . . , B ' ( b n ) are all nonzero.
(b) Now suppose that b1 , . . . , b n are all distinct. For a polynomial A(x) of degree < n
in x, prove that
n
A(b r )
A( x )
r 1 B' ( b )( x b )
B( x )
r
r
(x n)
show that
1p
2p
( 1) n 2 ( n 1
...
1
!( n 1)!
2!( n 2)!
( n 1) ! 1!
is zero.
(1975)
3. (a)
Let a 1 ,a
such that
a1 a
, ... , a
be positive numbers
and b1 b 2 ... b n .
j (a i a j )( b i b j )0
jaibi b j ai a j bi na jb j.
i
; b1 ,b 2 , ... , b n
... a
Deduce that
. Show that
1 1 1
( a i )( bi ) a ibi.
ni ni ni
1 1 1 1
( ai1)( ai2). .( aim ) ai1ai2. .aim
ni ni ni ni
(c) Let
a 1 ,a 2 , . . . , a n
1
1 m
m
( ai ) ai .
ni
ni
(1975)
4.
(a) Let and be real numbers and suppose 0 . Find the multiplicative
inverse of the matrix
1
0
x y
1
x
z 1
y z 1
x y 2 z 1
5. Given a 2x2 matrix P and a real number , let P denote the matrix
0
0 P and P
the determinant of P.
Let
01 01
I A, ,
0 1 10
10 0 1
B , C .
01 1 0
(a) Let
p( x ) a
n 1
n 1
... a 1 x a
ai
2 x n 2 5 x n 1 2 x n 2ax 3 (5a 2) x 2 ( 2a
Show that P(2) = 0. Using (a) or otherwise, show that P(x) = 0 has exactly two rational roots
provided a does not take one of the values 0, 2, -2.
3
2
(c) Show that
satisfies the equation
4
2
x
10 x
1 0. Hence use (a) to deduce that
3
2
is an irrational number.
(1975)
7. (a)Balls are drawn without replacement from an urn containing N balls exactly n of which are white. Find
the probability that a white ball is drawn for the first time at the rth draw. (Distinguish between the
cases r N - n + 1 and r > N - n + 1.)
(b) By considering the probability that the first white ball is drawn at or before the (N - n + 1)th draw, or
otherwise, verify the identity (n < N)
1
Nn
( N n )( N n 1)
N 1
( N 1)( N 2)
. . .
(1975)
8. Let
and
are subsets of Y .
(a 2 r 2 )( yb ) 2 2ab( x a )( yb )( b 2 r 2 )( x a ) 2
.
(c) If a 2 r 2 but a 2 b 2 r 2 , by factorizing the left hand side of (*),
show that it still represents the pair of tangents from (a, b) to C.
(1975)
2. (a) Let (a, b) be a point on the curve
K :11 x 2 212 xy 22 y 2 213 x 2 23 y 33 0 .
Prove that if K has a tangent at (a, b), then the equation of the tangent is
11 ax 12 ( bx ay) 22 by13 ( x a ) 23 ( y b ) 33
.
(b) Suppose that a hyperbola H is obtained by applying a rotation to a hyperbola in standard position and
suppose that one of the asymptotes of H is a 1 x a 2 y 0 . Prove that the equation of
the hyperbola H is of the form (a 1 x a 2 y)( b1 x b 2 y ) c , for some constants
b1 , b 2 and c.
(c) Find the equation of the hyperbola, given
(i) that it is obtained by applying a rotation to a hyperbola in standard position,
(ii) that one of its asymptotes is the line 2x - y = 0,
(iii)that it passes through the point (1, 0) and its tangent at (1, 0) is parallel to the line 4x + y = 0.
(iv)that it passes through the point (1, 1).
(1975)
( x 1) 3
be a real-valued function defined on the real line except x = -1.
( x 1) 2
(a) Prove that the straight line x = -1 and y = x-5 are asymptotes of the graph y = f(x).
(b) Find , if any
(i) the local maxima and minima of f(x) ;
(ii) the intersections of the graph y = f(x) and its asymptotes.
(c) Sketch the graph of y = f(x).
(d) Sketch the graph of y f ( x ) .
(1975)
3. Let f(x) =
cos x
(2cos x )
dx
,
( 2cos x ) n
dx
in terms of
I n and I n 1
.
(b) For any n > 1, express
I n , I n 1
cos 2 x
dx
( 2cos x ) n
and
in terms of
I n 2 .
(c) By making use of (a) and (b) and the identity cos 2 x sin 2 x 1 or otherwise , prove
that
In
1
sin x
[
( n 2) I n 2 2( 2n 3) I n 1 ]
3( n 1) ( 2 cos x ) n 1
x
2
or otherwise evaluate I1 .
(e) By making use of (c) and (d) or otherwise , evaluate the following definite integral
2
dx
0 3 (2 cosx ) 2 .
5. (a)Let n be a positive integer. Prove that
show that
i (tan n)
tan n n
where
1 i tan
1 i tan
1 i tan n
1 i tan n
(cot i ) n (cot i ) n
(cot i ) n (cot i ) n
Cr
n!
.
r! ( n r )!
and
(1975)
, where i = 1 . Hence
or otherwise evaluate
cot
k 1
( 4k 1)
4n
(1975)
dx
( x a )( x b)
a b 2
( x a )( x b) ( x
)
for all x 0 and hence show
2
t
ab
ab ) 2
1
ab
L (a , b )
2
and (ii) a b
2
a
L( a , b )
ab (
a
2
and
1
(
L( a , b )
a
2
)2 .
(1975)
7. (a)Suppose that f is a continuous real-valued function defined on the real line such that f(x) 0 for
all real number x and , for any real numbers , there is (, ) such that
x
(1975)
8. Let F(x) = sec x -x - 1 be a function defined on the interval [0,
2 )
number in [0,
2 )
(a) Prove that
1
(i) sin
5 1
;
Prove that
(i) 0
(1975)