1972 A-Level Pure Mathematics Paper I

1. (a) Prove that for any two real numbers x and y , 2 xy x 2 y 2 and that equality holds if and
only if x = y .
(b) Let x , y , z be three real numbers. Prove that 3 ( yz zx xy) ( x y z ) 2 .
(c) Let a , b , c be the three sides of a triangle. Prove that (a b c) 2 4( bc ca ab).
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a 1 x b1 y c1z d1

a 2 x b 2 y c 2 z d 2

a 3 x b3 y c3z d 3

2. It is given that the system of linear equations

a unique solution if and only if

a1

b1

c1

a2
a3

b2
b3

c 2 0 Consider the system of equations

c3

has

x y z 1

(E) ax by cz d
in x , y , z.
a 2 x b 2 yc 2z d 2

(i) Evaluate

1
a
a2

1
b
b2

1
c
c2

and hence show that (E) has a unique solution in x , y , z if and only if

a , b , c are all different.

(ii) Let b = c but a b , show that (E) is consistent if and only if d = a or d = b.
(iii) If a = b = c , under what condition is the system (E) consistent ?
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3. (a) Solve the system of equations

log(2x 1) log( y 2)0

log(6x 1)log(5 2 y) log49

[Note that log Z is defined only for positive Z.]

(b) Let D be the set of all complex numbers of the form m n 3 where m and n are any integers
and 3 denotes a square root of -3.
(i) For each x = m + n 3 in D, define ( x ) m 2 3n 2 . Show that
( x ) is a positive integer for all non-zero x D , and that for all x, y D ,
( xy ) ( x )( y) .
(ii) An element x D is called a factor of an element z D if and only if there is an element
y D such that xy = z. Find all the factors of 4 in D.
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4. A 3 3 matrix A is said to be nilpotent if there exists a positive integer n such that A n 0 .
(a) Let A and B be nilpotent 3 3 matrices and assume AB = BA. Show that AB and A + B are
nilpotent.

(b) Let A be a nilpotent 3 3 matrix (such that A n 0 ) and let I be the identity matrix
1

0
0

. Show that the matrix C I A A 2 ... A n is the inverse of I - A ,

i.e. C(I-A) = (I-A)C = I .

1
(c) Using the method described in (b) or otherwise , find the inverse of 1
0

0
1
1

. Check your

answer.
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5. In a bookstore, 6 different books in physics and 6 different books in chemistry are available. Of the 6 books
in each subject, 3 are bound with soft covers and 3 are bound with hard covers.
(i) In how many way can a person choose 3 books in physics and 3 books in chemistry provided that the
choice includes at least 1 soft cover book and 1 hard cover book in each subject?
(ii) Suppose that 2 of the 6 books chosen are with soft covers. In how many ways can these 6 books be
arranged in a row so that the books of the same subject are placed together or that the books of the
same type of cover are placed together?
(iii) If the books are arranged according to (ii), what is the probability that a particular hard cover book in
physics is placed next to a particular hard cover book in chemistry?
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6. (a) Prove that the polynomial f (x) has r as a multiple root if and only if f (r) = f '(r) = 0.
(b) If n is any positive integer, show that the polynomial ( x 1) n ( x 1) n
has
no multiple root.
(c) Let r be a double root of the polynomial g ( x ) 2 h ( x ) 2 where g(x) and h(x) are
polynomials without common roots. Show that
r
is also a root of the polynomial
2
2
g '( x )
h' (x)
.
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7. Let A and B be sets . The disjoint union of the sets A and B is defined as the set
AB ({1} A ) ({2}B) .Define mappings
i

A A B
and
j :
BA B
a
A
b

B
(1, a ) for every
, j(b) = (2, b) for every
.

by i(a) =
(i) Show that i and j are injective mappings.
(ii) Show that the mapping : A B A B

defined by

( k,x ) x for all ( k,x )A B

is surjective. Show also that is bijective if and only if AB .

(iii)Let f : AC and g : BC be mappings. Prove that there is a unique mapping
:A B C
such that
i f

and j g.

(iv)Is injective if both f and g are injective ?

(v) Is surjective if f or g is surjective ?
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8. (a) Let 1 , 2 , 3 ,... n be the n distinct complex numbers such that k 1 (k =

1, 2, ... , n) . Express the polynomial x n 1 as a product of linear factors.

(b) Let C be a circle with radius R and centre O on a plane. Show that if n points
P1 ,P2 ,...,Pn on C divide the circle C into equal arcs and if Q is a point on the
plane such that QOP1 , then
P1 Q P2 Q ... Pn Q R 2 n 2R n (OQ) n cos n(OQ) 2 n .
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1972 A-Level Pure Mathematics Paper II

1.

Show that the line y = mx + c touches the ellipse

b 2 x 2 a

b 2 if c 2 a 2 m 2 b 2 . Hence, or
otherwise, show that if (r, s) is a point in the plane such that r 2 a 2 and
b 2 r 2 a 2 s 2 a 2 b 2 then the equation of the pair of tangents from (r, s) may
2

y 2 a

be expressed as (sx - ry) 2 a 2 ( ys) 2 b 2 ( x r ) 2 . Discuss the above equation

in the case r 2 a 2 and in the case (r, s) lies on the ellipse.
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2. (a) Show that

d
1

ln 3.
35cos
4

(b) Evaluate the following integrals:

(i)
ln x dx;

(ii)

sec x ln(tan x) dx;

2

(iii)
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a 2 x 2 dx.

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3. (a) Prove that in the range
0

, sin x
2

tan x.

otherwise, show that

2

sin x
x

1 for 0

result, or otherwise, show that, if y 0 ,

terms of y, a lower bound for this integral.

e ysin x dx

Hence, or
and using this

. Find, in

(b) If

I m, n

cos m sin

negative integers with m > 1, find I m , n

otherwise, evaluate
4.

d,

where m, n are non-

I m 2 , n 2 . Hence or

in terms of

cos 7 sin 6 d .

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Show that the area A , of an isosceles triangle of semi-vertex angle is given by

A 2 r 2 (1 sin ) 2 / sin 2 , where r is the radius of the inscribed circle .
Hence , for fixed r , find the minimum value of A as varies over all relevant values and find the
smallest values of A when is restricted to lie in the range
1 1
sin 1 1
4 sin
3.
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y

5. Consider the function

x
where is a fixed number.
( x 1)( x 2)

(i) In each of the cases

1, 2

1 and

, sketch the graph stating the number of maxima , minima and points of inflexion.
(ii) Find the range of values of for which y may take all values.
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6. For any sequence {a n } of real numbers , where n = 1, 2, 3, ... , it is known that if
a n 0 and lim a n 0 , then
n

lim
n

an
sin a

1 and
n

0 .

2n

x
x
x
)(cos
)...(cos
) , where
2
2
2
2n

(a) Let Pn (cos

0 x

lim

. Evaluate the limit

lim
(lim Pn )

(b) Show that there exists no real number x such that cos nx tends to zero as n tends to infinity.
(c) Consider the difference of sin ( n + 1 ) x and sin ( n - 1 ) x and hence prove that
lim sin nx 0 if and only if x = m for some integer m .
n

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7. (a) Prove that if

all t.
(b) A function f is defined by

, then

1 2 x cos t

0 for

2,

f ( x )

sin t dt

12 x cos t x

( Here , when evaluating the integral , the number x is regarded as constant . )

2 , if x 1,

f ( x )

(i) Prove that

2
, if x 1.
x

(ii) Is f continuous at x = 1 ?

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8. (a) For any complex number z = x+iy we write Z = x-iy and

z

zz,

z1 z 2

z1 z 2

x 2 y2

. Show that

z1 z 2

z 1 by T = a(z-b)/ (1-z
(b) Let F be the set of all complex-valued functions T defined on
b ) , where a and b are complex numbers such that
a
1
and
b
1 . Show that for any
T

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F,

for

and