The Jumper Citizen: Simulating Individuals in Overlapped Cities

THE JUMPER CITIZEN
simulation of the contemporary

individual before overlapped cities
THE JUMPER CITIZEN: simulation of the contemporary individual before overlapped cities
THE JUMPER CITIZEN:

simulation of the contemporary
individual before overlapped cities
Thesis as a candidate for the Master Metropolis.
Pos-graduated Program in Architecture and Urban Culture
Under Tutory of Francesc Muoz, Phd.
by Igor Ivan Ojeda Delgado

2005
1
Theoretical frame
The Jumper Citizen

Is a research that proposes a reading of the
contemporary city as a eld that is being
dened for consumer proles to move in.
This proles (on its aim to be attractive to
capital and people) are creating similar global
landscapes, but just for few citizens proles.
What the city must do to appear in the global
world and still be available all of the dierent
city users.
The Jumper Citizen
Is a research that proposes a reading of the

contemporary individual as a player able to
experience the city depending of the consumer
prole he chooses to move on it.
This proles (mostly dene now a days by mass
consumption) are the base for the latest built
developments.
If the individual wants to increase his ability to
play in the global world then must jump from
prole to prole to get the needed, the wanted, the
available
Introduction
Theoretical frame
The Jumper Citizen

The jumper citizen is an artifact presented
as a compilation of texts and thoughts
that makes a draw of the situation of a
global world and what that requests from
individuals, and built environment. This
compilation represents the overexposed
consumerism as well as global trends that
are dening the image of the global city or
the image of the global actors. Between al
this trends, the representations of dierent
types of citizens become the principal actors
of this research, and the dierent cities the
eld where to read the relationships between
them and the requisitions mentioned above.
As a product
The Jumper Citizen
The jumper citizen is an artifact presented

as a game, a simulation that represents
the recognition of the image of the city
of Kevin Lynch by city users. Therefore
it attempts to present recognitions of
the image of the global city and explore
relationships between them depending of
the kind of citizen practice, in order to be
able to create and read different structures
that appear overlapped in the city and
enable the individual to move and act,
therefore get the wanted, the needed, the
available.
Theoretical frame
HOW TO READ THE JUMPER CITIZEN

The Jumper Citizen document is presented as a double-read document.
On it, the referential and theoretical frame of how the World in the
beginnings of the XXI Century is presented in relationship with urban
culture and cities developments. In the other hand, the document presents the Simulation Itself of the Jumper. (story, objectives, directions
and characters, are explained as any other sym)
Theoretical basis.
are presented on the even pages
and is recognizable by the green
margins.
Even though each side of the document belong to the different

readings, sometimes, and for a better view of a topic any side
may be extended to occupy the complete layout of the book.
We ask the reader to choose the way he wants to follow the document.
Richness of comparing both sides become the fundamental aim of contextualizing both: theoretical and experimentation.
In any case... keep your mind looking at the left side as a intellectual
reading, and look at the right side of the book as a story to play.
The Play.
is presented on the odd pages and
is recognizable by the blue margins
Theoretical frame
Warning
This document does not attempt to underestimate the differences between individuals and city
dwellers. But if it is red as an over exaggerated critic of urban development in the global context,
then it would be possible to re-view how an active attitude of a JUMPER CITIZEN BEFORE OVERLAPPED
CITIES (global eld) might draw attention to where the urban landscape and cultural behaves are
going only then architecture may be aware of how, and for whom it is created.
Preface
And then in the world of human beings at the beginning of

the third millennium there has been a change on individual
social practice and the perception and use of the space after the
break of the modern society. Cities had been developed in the
attempt to respond global economies, in order to exist in the
XXI century.
The situation presents a world where there is no need to be settle;
where the city landscape and weather are the big difference
between one city and the other*; when the citizen can not be
understood and dened as a unique type of citizen.
The individual, just like Alain Touraine said: must deal with
the instrumentality of the global world and the creation of his
own personal identity
In the mean time the individual must play to get most (he want
- he can) of this world...
* if those cities are involved in global economy networks
Theoretical frame
INDEX
10
How to read The Jumper Citizen
Warning
12
History
22
Global paths
24
Consumerism and mass media
26
Segregated city
28
Actual city users
36
Physical and built environment
46
Methodology and Analysis: Case I
48
Maps
62
Methodology and Analysis: Case II
64
City users practices
66
Overlapped City
67
Conclusions
70
Bibliography
JUMPER CITIZEN CONTENTS
6
Preface
The story
13
The play
15
How to choose characters?
25
Permit.sions
27
Characters
29
To do
37
Understanding values for urban elements
39
Fill the matrix
42
Select a eld to play: Barcelona
44
Creating icons for signicant urban elements
47
Playing the characterization
48
62
Establish encounters and hubs that enables

citizen to jump
65
11
Theoretical frame
HISTORY
Individual before the Metropolis
Where can we start to explain the social changes of the late decades to understand how does the contemporary individual live and move in a globalized world.
If we follow what Alain Touraine1 says its is possible to make a small panorama of
that has happened in the late twentieth century that has been called Globalization.
Touraine says that the idea of globalization its an ideological construction that
appeared practically after the fall of the Wall (Berlin). But this idea already existed
before. After World War Two we got used to see all parts of the globe in a dierent
way. After the falling of some trials to rebuilt entire countries basically on the 70`s.
Economical, social and national systems grow up to the supranational levels.
The ability of being connected with all kind of producers, services and information
has created a new form of production. A production system that does not
required a timeline to construct a product; a production system that enables or
to make each part of that production protable. Instead the creation of networks
of multiple services has enabled the production system that actually frames the
world.
It is true that networking form of social organization has existed before in other
times and spaces, but what makes globalization a complete new structure is
precisely that technology is changing not only the economical forms, but the
social and cultural ones.2 The capability of mobility and communicate in common
individuals, and the possibility to work at distance has created new ways to
experience the world where we live: being conditioned by work in your way of
living does not necessary means being conditioned to stay physically in a single
place; having a student status is now a days having the status of a person capable
to choose and move from one institution to another to experience that in his/her
prole will enhance their professional or personal tools.
MODERNISM
Models, Neutrality
City as machine, model
Environmental Determinism
POSTMODERNISM
Pluralism, Identity, Legibility
City as text, collage
Environmental Psychology
1 Perspectiva tv show Interview to Alain Touraine by Emiliano Cotelo. 12-05.00. 12:00. Mx.
2 Castell, Manuel, The informational age Vol I.
12
STORY
The JUMPER CITIZEN is a simulation where the experience of playing expresses and tries to represent the different structures diverse kind of people, or proles of people uses
to move and live in such a determined city.
Prole follows the idea of framing ways of living or
lifestyles as a results of the observation of how the
contemporary world, bombed by mass media and mass consumerism is creating spaces and places for each one of these
proles, as well as the most extensive gamma of products
that will enclose the idea of all kinds of lifestyles.
Prole responds to the different kinds of behave similar
people perform, as well as the places they use and how
are the paths they draw to move form one place to another
to conform their complete structure of their everyday
life physical environment.
Market prole, as the instrument used by mass consumerism developers and product producers in the capitalistic
world where we live in, is only the presupposition and
matching of groups of people with some similarities, into
denable needs to satisfy. Needs that in the neccesary
idea of distinction from others and updateness to the
global trends continuously creates and recreates products, images and behaves buyable for each kind of these
proles.
In the metropolis where quantitative increase of value and energy has reached its limits, , one seizes on qualitative distinctions, so that, though taking advantage of the existing
sensitivity to dierences, the attentions of the social worlds can, in some way, be won for
oneself. This leads ultimately to the strangest eccentricities, to specically metropolitan extravagances of self-distantiation, of caprice, of fastidiousness, the meaning of which is no
longer to be found in the content of such activity itself, but rather in its being a form of being
dierent of making oneself noticeable.
George Simmel
What contemporary individual plays in this simulations is

precisely the different proles global city users to per13
Theoretical frame
Philip Bess explain the changes on these geographies/landscapes6 mentioned above, or as he expresses, changes on the conception of the social
structure from the modern (classic) age, to contemporary ones. He says there has been a transformation in the auto conception of the individual in
the metropolis where civic values do not anymore
stand of the moral values -thinking of moral as the
principles that will direct society to a common wellness.
Social structures and spaces used to have a relationship that has been dislocated. Built spaces, or
let say traditional architecture used to have the social function to direct thru a common civic virtue.
Contemporary architecture its being created under
the bases of being intentionally disconnected from
the notions of common values.
Even thought Bess claims for a retaking of the civic
values as the function of architecture, which I dont
agree, he has some topics that I consider helpful in
clarifying how does the conception of the individual and his built environment has change.
Architecture has the historic function of communicate meaning, as a moral icon, or

way of behave. Architecture used to be the editor or mediator of urban information
Every social structure requires a spatial frame where to develop: landscapes as

Sharon Sukin3 refers; or geographies, in terms of Ed Brown4. Brown expresses
that these geographies come in two basic forms: one an idealist view of spatial
organization, usually called metageography; and the other one is a materialist
spatial structure of practice, known as spatiality. Metageographies are the
unexamined spatial frameworks that we carry around in our heads to make
geographical sense of our world; they are the collective spatial premises underlying
our interpretations of past and present social relations. Spatialities are the spatial
structures created through the everyday practices of production, distribution and
consumption that materially constitute our world. They are the spatial ordering of
social relations that are being continually reproduced in the routine operations of
material life, past and present. Metageographies and spatialities are closely related;
formations of the former are grounded in the realities of the latter.5
citize
Modernism
3 Zukin, Sharon Landscapes of power. 1993

4 Brown Ed, et al, Spatialities of Globalization: Towards an Integration of Research on World City
14
Networks and Global Commodity Chains, http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/gy/gawc/rb/

rb151.html
5 Ibidem.
JUMPE
form in the city. Understanding city in a broader sense,

in which the individual visualize the entire globe as the
eld where to perform.
The different kind of practices and behave, that will
give the structures of mobility for each one of this
proles called in this document Citizenships is what the
player will experience and what might be the tool to take
advantage of the global eld we live in, even dough that
performance might ask the Citizen to jump from one prole
to another in the aim to get the wanted, the needed the
available.
en practice
ER CITIZEN
*
The play
A simulation is to model a system thru a different system that

maintains (for someone) some of
the original system behaviors. In
a simulation we never swim again
en the same way.*
Why a play?
Gonzalo Frasca stands on the

idea of the simulations as something not to win or lose, but
to collect experiences; not to
gain knowledge of rules but to
gain acknowledgment base on the
repetition and experience.1 He
believes that some of the most
relevant questions should be addressed to the medium itself, to
the representations that we construct in order to explain the
world that we live in.
Frasca, Gonzalo. http://luology.org

15
Theoretical frame
In the classical thought, or what Bess calls Aristotelic Communitarism, the wellness of the individual is based on the functionality of himself inside the society.
Aristotelic Communitarism is that one in which the individual can not be separated form the duties and privileges that the variety and specicity of human relations or human roles oers.
Under this philosophy, the city is understood as a community of communities: the
Polis. Therefore there are social virtues of friendship, magnicence, and prudence
that follow a common aim for the city. Traditional architecture and urban design
is then, the formal expression of the ethic of the common. Architecture, in the
traditional city tries to legitimize authority and the particular virtues of the
common well.
Then, the traditional city is a mirror of common life, but at the same time its the
cause itself.
Reading the fragment below of George Simmel in The Metropolis and mental
life we follow the change happened with social communities on the growing into
a metropolis:
the metropolis. It assures the individual of a type and degree of personal freedom to which
an approximately exhaustive formula can be discovered. The most elementary stage of social
organization which is to be found historically, as well as in the present, is this: a relatively small
circle almost entirely closed against neighbouring foreign or otherwise antagonistic groups
but which has however within itself such a narrow cohesion that the individual member has
only a very slight area for the development of this own qualities and for free activity for which
itself is responsible. Political and familial groups began in this way as do political and religious
communities; the self-preservation of very young associations requires a rigorous setting of
boundaries and a centripetal unity and for that reason it cannot give room to freedom and
the peculiarities of inner and external development of the individual. From this stage social
evolution proceeds simultaneously in two divergent but none the less corresponding directions.
In the measure that the group grows numerically, spatially, and in the meaningful content of
life, its immediate inner unity and the deniteness of its original demarcation against others
are weakened and rendered mil by reciprocal interactions and interconnections. And at the
same time the individual gains also a peculiarity and individuality to which the division of
labor in groups, which have becomes larger, gives both occasion and necessity
George Simmel in Metropolis and Mental life. p. 6
Bess denes the contemporary culture as the change from the common well to the
autoemantipation on the individual himself. Wellness does not anymore stands of
the frame of communal life; following Nietzsche thoughts it can be reached via
6 Bess, Philip. Communitarism and Emotivism: two rival views of ethic an Architecture. In Kate
16
Nesbit. Theorizing a new agenda for architecture. Princeton Press. 1996. E.U. p 372.
In contemporary times (2005, post-modernism, informational era, global world) reality can not be explain in
one way. The contemporary vision asks for realities that
coexist in the same time, sometimes in the same places.
The
not
all
le
panorama presented here is agamma of possibilities

ended, and not omnipresent that will have answers to
kind of moves. But it is constructed, not in the proof a game but in prole of a simulation.
Frasca speaks about the differentiation between game and

play making a comparison with the concepts of Paidea and
Ludus and under the bases of the psychologist Piaget and
Caillois.
There are some games possible to be related with early
childhood and there others that relate with older children and adults.
GAME
noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English gamen; akin to Old High German gaman amusement
1. activity engaged in for diversion or amusement : PLAY
2. the equipment for a game
3. a procedure or strategy for gaining an end : TACTIC b : an illegal or shady scheme or maneuver : RACKET
PLAY
1.intransitive verb leisure engage in enjoyable activity: to take part in enjoyable activity for the sake of amusement.
2.transitive and intransitive verb act in a particular manner: to deal with a situation in a particular way to achieve a
desired result .We decided to play it safe.
3.transitive verb pretend to be: to pretend to be a particular type of person
Dont play the innocent with me.
4.transitive and intransitive verb arts act a part in a play: to portray a character in a theatrical or movie production
played Macbeth on Broadway
5.intransitive verb act in jest: to do something for fun, not in earnest
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
noun
1. act of acknowledging: the act of acknowledging something, or the condition of being acknowledged
2. sign of recognition: a sign showing that somebody has seen or heard somebody elses greeting or presence
3. indication of receipt: a letter or other message sent to say that something has been received
4. thanks: an expression of thanks or appreciation for something
5. ocial recognition: ocial or public recognition of the help somebody has given or the work somebody has
done
17
Theoretical frame
the autoenmancipation. The city becomes the economical artifact that gives the
material goods and the anonymity to individuals, so they can develop their own
life projects.
In the same way the traditional city can be understand as the physical expression
of a moral of virtues for common well, the contemporary city and suburbs can be
red as the physical expression of an emotional individualism, directed on power
and roles. (That enables pluralism and tolerance).
Emotion becomes the method to understand the environment, and its preferable
ambiguous, because after all, ambiguous its a symbol of modern time, a symbol
that allows each individual to create his own way of life.
global urbanization
Characters
Citizens
Life styles come then, from a chaotically vision of

the shared space where the individual needs to be
distiguish, and marketing agenda.
OVERLAPPED CITY
18
Paidea is a low complex rule play. According to Piagets

idea of paidea are make-believe games that are symbolic
and can not be described as games with rules in which
there is no aim to win anything or anybody.
Ludus are those games in which there are specic rules
that give the conditions to evaluate how and who will win
the game after a determinate session.
LUDUS vs PAIDEA
Ludus: Is a game, its based on moral values
Paidea: it a play, based on the experiencing
The problem with the categories of paidea and ludus is
that they are not easy to distinguish for an external
observer. For example, a child who is jumping on one foot
is following a paidea rule: to maintain her equilibrium
without using both feet. But if the child has a watch and
wants to see if she can stand jumping during 10 minutes,
she has created a ludus. As we can see, it is easy to
switch from paidea to ludus.
Game
Category
Merry-goround
Paidea
Chess
Ludus
Paidea rules
Ludus Rules
To turn in
circles; players
must hold hands
Pawns move
one square at a
time.
None
To take the other
players king.
In the JUMPER CITIZEN we will use the idea of paidea as the effort
to only experience a system that re-present determined
eld. And even dough there are some rules that will lead
the player to complete, move or be aware of situations
-rules that might respond more to ludus concept- the aim
19
Theoretical frame
In From Contrast to analogy, Ignasi de Sol Morales said that in the world of these
times (or should I say in worlds of this times) it is impossible to nd a unique
esthetic system for the social. The lose of the universal system, caused by the
signicance of the concepts, and the conscious of psychology, and the philosophy
request a broader and heterogeneous gamma of interrelations, shape contrasts,
textures and dierences.7
Richard Florida has expressed the Ranking measures diversity through a
combination of diversity.8 He stands that the key to economic growth lies not
just in the ability to attract the creative class, but to translate that underlying
advantage into creative economic outcomes in the form of new ideas, new hightech businesses and regional growth. the gay index, which measures the amount
of gay people living in an area; the bohemian index, which measures the amount
of artists, authors, composers, actors, sculptors, painters and so forth living in an
area; and, the melting pot index, which measures the amount of foreign born
people living in an area . The combination of these indexes establishes diversity.
And that condition is supposed to assure investments.
Contemporary landscapes show that actual individuals or at least some of them
(those who try to take advantage of global situations and new opportunities,
and those who already have the capability to use them) are creating a new social
structures based on a chosen personal way of life.
What we can read and I found profoundly characteristic of this times is precisely
that Individual is not anymore what he does in terms of what he does to get
their economic recourses for living. The individual may have any kind of work or
profession and that doesnt mean to belong to a specic social status or group or
to live a specic cultural behave, a specic lifestyle.
The capability of choosing is becoming one of the most important trends of this
time. People are inuenced now by tons of information coming from literature,
TV, internet, radio and the contact with people from all over the globe. The
consciousness of being in a planet connected and available to be acknowledged
fosters an active attitude before this global landscape. Mobility and being
connected with information are two of the most important symptoms of the net
era, or informational age.9
20
7 De Sol Morales, Ignaci. From Contrast to analogy in Kate Nesbitt Theorizing a new agenda
for architecture. p. 229.
8 Florida, Richard.http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2001/0205.orida.html
9 Term created by Manuel Castell in The informational age
of this simulations is just experience and draw draft

sketches of how is and for whom the city is in this
times.
The conclusions that any of the players will create for
sure will be independent of those ones the producers of
this simulation thought, but what we will be able to
measure will be the paths and urban elements the chosen
citizens proles will leave, and from there, it will be
possible to nd some more real experiences that would
allow us to interpret the global eld.
As Frasca says referring to simulations in video games:
simulations does not end in the representation. It
does not attempt to do it and it should not if ended
narratives are past shape, and if drama and performance
are todays forms, there is no doubt that simulations
are the shapes for the future. Simulations does not look
at what happened, but to what may occur. Stands on the
principle that changes are possible.
Understanding the simulation
Its not a game

does not have for purpose to win or lose
the aim is the experience by itself and try again
each one is able to create his own path/prole for moving
around the city
does not have a unique story
there is not the good and the bad guy
there is a possibility to reex about social life
its not nished
has metarules that can change all the simulation
The play / simulation
21
Igor Ivan Ojeda Delgado
Global paths.
The standardization of services on cities or zones that global capital claims, leads
cultural behaves, at least on the surface, to act in similar ways.
The fast appearance of standardized places has generated new kind of spaces:
in the one hand spaces that present their services quality into what rst world
request but emphasizing their particularities and identity; in the other hand those
places sometimes called non-places10 which repeat their formal characteristics
according only to what their function or according only to what their brands
specications or statutes request case airports, fast food restaurants, brand
stores, supermarkets -. Any of these two cases are the result of the demand and
investment of global capitals, or those capitals that try to get into the global ones.
But what is being transformed is that the city is becoming the center for high
quality services and at the same time center for leisure activities.
Cultural events, thematic restaurants, buildings, proled directed tours, market
sectioned publicity appear in the intent to respond the demands of all kind of
people that request this kind of activities in they everyday life. And if we add
the continuous oating population of all kind of tourism: academic, business,
cultural, ecological and mass travel tourism, it is possible to visualize where cities
developments are going to.
Urban centers result attractive to new professionals not only because there
they might nd the job the want (which result easy to understand given the
communication facilities and accessibility to mobility) but for what the city itself
oers to their o work life.
At the same time urban centers had become a high paid place for rent and living.
That is leading blue collar employees, and workers of the production activities
and logistic, and even old city center dwellers, to move to aordable (commonly
pheriphery) places, or in the most extreme case to aordable (out-of-the-globalcapital) cities.11
Then what happened with that ideal of the Global Village. A place-world where
the people will fell like home in any part of land they would be where the
technology and a homogenous heterogeneity of races will share culture.
As global forces has develop infrastructures of entire cities and institutions to get
people connected between them, the distance between those institutions and
those one not connected on the global networks is becoming bigger and bigger.
22
10 Term created by Marc Auge, in Non Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of

Supermodernity.
Telematics maximizes the potential for geographic dispersal and globalization entails
an economic logic that maximizes the attractions/protability of such dispersal. Then we
understands the concentration of high paid professionals in al globalized cities. And the
commodities that exist in them The virtual oce is a far more limited options than a purely
technological analysis would suggest. Certain types of economic activities can be run from a
virtual oce located anywhere. But for work processes requiring multiple specialized inputs,
considerable innovation and risk taking, the need for direct interaction with other rms and
specialists remains a key locational factor
Saskia Sassen in Urban Economies and Fading distances 1998
Benjamin Walters
The time to get connected to global network runs as fast as the people and market
section get informed and displaces from one landscape to another in order to
nd what they want but in the other hand the most of the population stay
lacked in a status out of the global economies or in the best case on the bottom
of the production system.
Global City today\s global cities are (1) command points in the organization of the world
economy; (2) key locations and marketplaces for the leading industries of the current period,
which are nance and specialized services for rms; (3) major sites of production for theses industries, including the productions of these innovations.\
Sassen 1994
11 Saskia Sassen has talked a lot about what she called the Dual City. She describes and theorize
about characteristic of the global economies, dening the cities that are real Global Cities and
the others that will remain in between networks. The people that will enjoy the benets of global
opportunities and the people that every day is getting far and far away to get them.
23
Theoretical frame
Consumerism and mass media.

Accessibility to what is shown in the communication devices by mass media, and
the capability to get what is seen there does not exclude any of the citizens of the
global world.
Mass media and the inuence of actual consumerism has been leaded society to
follow the trends of dierent lifestyles. No matter in which part of the latter you
are, there will always be a perfect scene where to focus your ideal of life.
Architecture in the last century has an important dierence respect history
when Architecture was created in respond to religions, Political, or institutions
Agendas. Architecture now a days responds, just as most of human systems do, to
the market trends.
In the last century the State has suered important changes. Power, does not
stand anymore on the state or old institutions, power in the last century in the
capital hands. The capital has such a power that even frontiers have not been
barriers to colonize and restring production and the economical system. State has
had to council their activities and functions with private investors to be on the
avant-garde of the trends.
This is what we are talking about when we say Globalization. An economical
system that runs abroad the planet in simultaneous productivity and that is
connected despite their geographical situation and where the state function
as the law basement that assures capital forces that transactions of people and
products will be safe.
If we follow Shinzo Uemoto, is it possible to understand that marketing experts
are dening the trends of human behave by the creation of images of ways of
living for dierent consumerism proles.
In the contemporary landscape, the communication and media editor plays the
social roll that architects use to have.
These new editors, creates the image of cites and situations in cities. Mass media
is being the panacea to attract capital direct from people by buying products or to
make attractive a city by the creation of a desirable image situation located in that
specic place. They create, by the use of mass images, what makes them desirable
for each and all kind of people.
24
How to choose characters?
Contemporary actors moves on the city playing different

characters, called in this simulation citizen proles.
To select a character it is only necessary to have an
idea of what are their needs, desires (commonly well dene by the lifestyle directed advertising) and the recourses that enable that kind of prole to perform.
It is a condition con keep always your personal ideal
path of what you wish to be, places you want to visit,
behaves you want perform, and people you want to be involved. It is a must to have sure the personal identity
to survive in the real global world despite of any citizenship dress one characterize.
The contemporary actor moves on the city playing

citizenship proles
characters
Capability to choice
Resources
Needs
Desires
25
Theoretical frame
Segregated City.
Ethnic small groups are suering an economic, institutional and cultural
discrimination that usually ends in a segregation of their similar in specic zones
of cities. Those ethnic groups tend to use concentration in neighborhoods as a
protection form as well a helpness within each others and the armation of their
identity.
Spatial concentration and the unwell condition of these ethnic groups create
black holes in the urban social structure. Poverty, continuous deterioration in
housing and in urban services, high density occupancy of places and the lack of
opportunities direct to criminality.
The deteriorated centers in some of the center city of Europe and the United
States were the result of the concentration of those marginated minorities in city
centers. What gentrications are changing now on these processes is that, as in
the case of the French Banliues, peripheral to the metropolis ghettos are being
built.
The global, as Manuell Castell and Jordi Borga say in the Multicultural City, is
located in a segmented and especially in a spatial segregated way. Principally by
the displacement of people groups caused by the destruction of old productive
forms and the creation of new activity centers.
Global is getting connected the urban centers and entire regions that are capable to follow the demands of the new users.
The fact that globalization is making broader the separation between those
who can access and those who seems that never will reach that objective. This
phenomena becomes apparent in any scale and that distantiation is comparable
in blue-collar workers and employes vs specialized and professionals as with rst
world countries or city hubs vs under-developed and poor countries.
What then comes to be a tool for those who can not reach global connectivity
and competitiveness in the economical networked production system is precisely the attractiveness of identity, cultural heritages, natural resources, elements
and circumstances that can catch tourist capitals.
26
Permit.ions:
It is a reality that as the global economy and global

culture have increased the diversity, mobility and access to information, social control has been fostered and
increased.
In many cases, public places are being typifeid and proled to be use and only use for some kind of city users
(the ones that can spend or atract capital).
What are the resources that characterized each one of the
citizenship proles in their performance on the city.
We have dened two important groups of these permit.ions:
legal and suggested.
Legal responds to those ones that refer to what law and
states accept as certicates that gives default rights
or privileges for civilians in determined countries or

regions: such as nationality, passport, visas, academic
status, and professional credentials.
Suggested permit.ions responds
to those one that being not established as request are needed to t on the
predene image for the citizenships. Such as economical
resources, mobility devices, electronic appliances, communication apparatus.
These permit.ions (resources) will determine the capability for moving and even for jumping from one citizen
prole to another looking for what the individual (player)
want, need, can get.
permission
1. authorisation; consent (especially formal consent from someone in authority)
2.the act of permitting
3.(computing): ags or ACLs pertaining to a le that dictate who can access it, and how.
4. authorisation
27
Theoretical frame
Actual City users

If the creation and development of new places for new users result from the
matching of specic citizen practices, or citizen proles, then a description of
these new actors results necessary.
If we look at the evolution of dierent landscapes appearing on the XX Century in
the United Sates, we can see how each one of them responses to their economical
system: familiar Landscapes was to the Industrial capitalism as the Post industrial
landscape of Vancouver, or Silicon Valley evocates the age of ecology and leisure
livability of consumption of the service economy. Dierent landscapes now coexist
in space and time, although they were created sequentially, on dierent scales.
The relationship between social classes determines and is in turn aected
by tension between free geographical mobility and the organized reproduction
processes.12
Social classes have specic proles of lifestyles with specic needs (original or in
constant creation) to be satisfy. And that does not mean to enclose an individual
into a single prole.
City has growth and gotten more complexity as had happened with city users.
The frontiers inside the same city are becoming less explicit but more visible.
Public space is being created to receive those citizens who spend money and
that make those investments protable. In their duty, private investment develop
housing districts and infrastructure, usually disconnected form urban centers for
those one who can not aord living what global facilities is bringing to their city.
Floating population called, tourist, students, business man, congress visitors, etc.
are the target for investments, public or private. New kinds of families or citizens
that go after specic lifestyles, because of their economical and professional
status are the fundamental base for the renewal of buildings, and gentrication
processes of entire neighborhoods. Yuppies, DINK (double income no kids), gays
28
12
Sukin, Sharon. Lanscapes of power: From Detroit to L.A. U. of California Press. pp. 17 - 19
Characters
Characters are dene by the selection of proles of lifestyles observed in most of actual cities. Even some of
them wouldnt be the desirable one.
It is a must to remark that this proles does not entirely dene any person. Characters or citizen practice
proles, are a cartooned sketch of this citizens.
Type
Citizen
individual
individual
For this rst edition and model of THE JUMPER CITIZEN there are
available the characters dened below.
Family lifestyle
Usually lives in the residential

suburbs characterized by green areas and enclosure form the external.
Following the American urban model.
Professionals.
Supermarket and shopping centers
visitors. On weekends visitor of the
mountain and on vacations mass travel tourist. Now days interested in
eco tourism too.
Permit.ions: Car, computer (to be
connected even in the suburbs), passport that enable them to travel, and
a stable work.
29
Theoretical frame
communities, interchange students, artists, and intellectuals, are an important

market section to cover as well as an important tool to attract more capital and
people for having them for dwellers.
Diversication is in the global landscape a good symptom of the facilities and
commodities that a city oers.
Diversication even in institutions is a demonstration of being connected to global
networks. And then, that place, institution, university, city, must be attractive or
must have some attractive characteristics that position it into the global scene.
The diversication of the individual in contemporary world and their condition of
constant evolution does not have to x in a specic way of living. The individual
is surrounded in his everyday life by to grand trends: one, the notion of a new
culture, where one is exposed to this idea of consuming all kind of lifestyles; and
in the other hand by the new technology and media that changes the way of
living and relate with others, as well their culture practices: starting from his idea
of family, laboral relations, the idea of an active leisure life, the mobility on its
professional and life practice, etc.
Below is a list of different kind of new actors, all of them tourist, that have
become the principal target to attract for all kind of urban and region developments.
Adventure tourism: Tourism involving travel in rugged regions, or adventurous sports such
as mountaineering and hiking (tramping).
Agritourism: Farm based tourism, helping to support the local agricultural economy.
Armchair tourism and virtual tourism: not travelling physically, but exploring the world
through internet, books, TV, etc.
Cultural tourism: Includes urban tourism, visiting historical or interesting cities, such as
London, Paris, Prague, Rome, Cairo, Beijing, Kyoto, and experiencing their cultural heritages.
May also consist of specialized cultural experiences, such as art museum tourism where one
visits many art museums during the tour, or opera tourism where one sees many operas or
concerts during the tour.
Disaster tourism: travelling to a disaster scene not primarily for helping, but because one
nds it interesting to see. It can be a problem if it hinders rescue, relief and repair work.
Drug tourism (for use in that country, or, legally often extremely risky, for taking home)
30
Mass Travel Tourist
Common city dweller that take a short

period to change activities and that
tries to experience in other places
what he has seen on TV or advertising.
Considered oating citizen.
Professionals with family, third age
people, employees.
Visits shopping corridors and shopping center to buy the only different object they will nd there: souvenirs.
Obligated to go to the most important landmark of the city to certicate in a picture he was there.
Permit.ions: Camera, tourist dress
and tourist attitude, passport.
Dweller
City user that has lived there even

before gentrication, renewal developments and location of supermarkets
nearby increased fees and displaced
the neighbors they used to have.
Lives in the residential old buildings of city center. Uses public
transport and walked their pets on
the sidewalk of the streets, and make
their super, on the closer traditional market.
Professionals, a few families, and
retired.
Permit.ions: Cyber downstairs one
block away; legal I.D. and a stable
income.
31
Theoretical frame
Ecotourism: Sustainable tourism which has minimal impact on the environment, such as safaris (Kenya) and Rainforests (Belize), or national parks.
Educational tourism: May involve travelling to an education institution, a wooded retreat or
some other destination in order to take personal-interest classes, such as cooking classes with a
famous chef or crafts classes.
Gambling tourism, e.g. to Atlantic City, Las Vegas, Macau or Monte Carlo for the purpose of
gambling at the casinos there.
Gay tourism: Tourism marketed to gays who wish to travel to gay-friendly destinations which
feature a gay infrastructure (bars, businesses, restaurants, hotels, nightlife, etc.), the opportunity
to socialize with other gays, and the feeling that one can relax safely among other gay people.
Heritage tourism: Visiting historical or industrial sites, such as old canals, railways, battlegrounds, etc.
Health tourism: Usually to escape from cities or relieve stress, perhaps for some fun in the sun,
etc. Often to health spas.
Hobby tourism: Tourism alone or with groups to participate in hobby interests, to meet others
with similar interests, or to experience something pertinent to the hobby. Examples might be
garden tours, ham radio Expeditions, or square dance cruises.
Inclusive tourism: Tourism marketed to those with functional limits or disabilities. Referred to
as Tourism for All in some regions. Destinations often employ Universal Design and Universal
Destination Development principles.
Medical tourism, e.g.:
for what is illegal in ones own country, e.g. abortion, euthanasia; for instance, euthanasia for
non-citizens is provided by Dignitas in Switzerland.
for advanced care that is not available in ones own country
in the case that there are long waiting lists in ones own country
for use of free or cheap health care organizations
Perpetual tourism: Wealthy individuals always on holiday, some of them, for tax purposes, to
avoid being resident in any country.
Regional tourism Tourism bundle of few country in the region, using one of the country as the
ansit point. The country of transit point is usually a country with good transport infrastructure.
e.g. Singapore is the base for tourism for South East Asia due to its strategic location and good
transport infrastructure.
Sex tourism: mostly men from First World countries visiting Third World countries for purpose
of engaging in sexual acts, usually with inexpensive local prostitutes. This form of tourism is
often cited the principal way that pedophiles can hire child prostitutes.
Sport tourism: Skiing, golf and scuba diving are popular ways to spend a vacation. Also in this
category is vacationing at the winter home of ones favorite baseball team, and seeing them
play everyday.
Space tourism
Vacilando is a special kind of wanderer for whom the process of travelling is more important
than the destination.
32
Bohemian / Academic
Principal cause for gentrication.

Moved to old buildings inside city
centers to experience the benets
and closeness of al the services, and
commodities the city offers.

Evoke on behave the idea of the diversied metropolis.
Professionals, academics, artist,
intellectual, students.
Frequently present at museums, art
galleries, local restaurants, cultural events.
Thematic tourist.
Permit.ions: Car (parked), computer
(to be connected even in the suburbs), passport, that enable them to
travel. Friends abroad the globe.
Territoriant.2
Those kinds of inhabitant that

inhabits sections of land in different
cities basically or usually in their
everyday life or by determined
periods.
Considered oating inhabitant.
Performs and frequent places depending
on what activity or status they have
for determined place.
The territoriant is a new city user
of the global world.
Permit.ions: Passport, communications
devises, computer, frequent travel
card.
* Territoriant, is a term created by Francesc Muoz and referred from The multiplied city: metropolis of
territoriants. in CityArquitectureLandscape IUAV, Venice. 2002
33
Di-rooted:
Usually started as an interchange

student. Its a citizen capable to
pack their belongings and move from
one place to another to have specic
experiences or to spend an in between
period.
Low income professional, just degraded
professional.
E-mail becomes the only long contact
address.
Live in possible renewable areas,
that present some of the bohemian
lifestyle,
but
that
are
still
affordable.
The di-rooted citizen is a new city
user of the global world.
Permit.ions:
passport,
commonly
computer.
Support citizen
Principal service employed in the

city.
Displaced from his original home in
city center to a familiar neighborhood in between city center and suburbs.
Visit Supermarkets and go to public
park on weekends.
Mass travel tourist on vacation.
Non professionals or retail and tourism technicians.
His laboral environment is usually
the mass travel tourist corridor and
city centers.
Permit.ions: I.D., employed status.
34
Post-di-rooted:
That
citizen
that
after
being
a di-rooted citizen for a while
started to fell the necessity to be
established.
Frequently ended either the family
lifestyle or the bohemian lifestyle.
Permit.ions: car, computer,
passport, stable work.
In - Placed
Segregated citizen that immigrated

into the city in order to get better
opportunities. Lives in old building and non gentricated areas where
inhabit people from similar ethnics

and religions.
Usually works in the informal commerce.
Travel on festivities to visit his
origin country.
Permit.ions: (i)legal employed status.
Transgressor
Is that citizen that is not possible

to t in a particular citizen practice because is it precisely his aim
to transgress dened rules.
Usually young non professional people.
Non stable work status.
Permit.ions: human rights.
35
Theoretical frame
Physical and built environment.

Taking for granted Kevin Lynch work The image of the City (1959) we can observe
that similarities of proles of city users and city users practices can be measure,
and nd out that groups of individuals have common references to perceive and
move into the city.
Lynch established some recognizable visual elements (paths, districts, edges,
landmarks and nodes) that in the citizen are relevant for the understanding of
his city. The recognition of these elements and the relations the individual creates in his minds by the perceptions of the physical environment make a mental
map of the city, a mental map that function as a symbolic diagram of how worlds
t together: a map of set of infrastructures that individual uses to set a body of
believes, a set of social customs or an organizer of facts and possibilities to move
in the city.
Lynch used parameters as age, gender, occupation, and home place to make his
study, so it was possible to have an idea of how was the city shape for some kind
of people.
The idea is: If we could look at the mental maps dierent kind of citizens have for
their city, we will be able to see that in the same physical urban space, there are
dierent structures for use and move in the city.
Kevin Lynch used and dened paths, nodes, districts, edges and landmarks as visual recognizable urban elements to interpret the mental map of the citizens in
they everyday life walk thru the city. These elements now a days could have any
other names but what is a fact its that as concepts these elements exists for the
capability of displacement in human beings cognitive processes on the recognition of the environment.
Nodes: hubs, centers
Paths, links
Districts, corridors
Landmarks way nding devices, advertising / streets names displays
Edges controlled secure
36
To do
1. Use the box below to play with the possibilities to increase your capability to move on the city.
The player must use the box as a starting point and as a

box to ll with personal suppositions and experiences.
Urban Elements Database

CITY MATRIX
URBAN VARIABLES
L.c.
Lynch City
S.c.
Support City
Souvenir City
Specialized City
HUB City
Paths
Kevin Lynch Urban Elements
are channels by which people move

along their travels. Roads, trails, and
sidewalks.
Lc.p.
Edges
are all other lines no included in the
path group. Walls and seashores.
Lc.e.
Nodes
points, or strategic spots where
there is an extra focus, or added
concentration of city features. Like
busy intersections or a popular city
center.
Landmarks
external physical objects that act
as reference points
Districts
are sections of the city, usually
relatively substantial in size, which
have an identifying character about
them.
Mobility time
use of time
Energy to spend at moving

Passport
Age
Languaje
Mobility device
Student Status
PERMITION
2. Create the cards on the box.
Create cards in order to understand values and possible

encounters or instantiations with others, similar or from
another kind of citizenships practice prole.
a) Make a list of real urban elements. Physical or
non physical.
b) Choose the characters to use on the play.
37
Theoretical frame
Under the bases of what is said in the Image of the City, the environmental image
has three components: identity, structure and meaning.
How is this image congurating spaces under the global requests? Retaking the
three components of the environmental image I suggest that structure of cities
is being built under the standards of security, accessibility, and the technology
global trends demand; identity, even dough is based on local characteristics, had
has to include some of the services of the global; while the meaning is the factor
that I consider is being more aected by the new mass media consumerism.
Even meaning responds to personal and common social signicances, that might
exist by history or by the everyday life walking, for some of the citizens (mostly
oating population), way nding devices and souvenir products direct to what
a specic place must have for meaning. And adding mass media advertising and
thematic TV programs the meaning of a place is commonly reduced to a must
to see/take a picture place and keep walking to the next interest place (facadecities)
The creation of environmental image is a two way process between observer
and observed. What he sees is based on exterior form, but how he interprets and
organizes this, and how he directs attention, in its turn aects what he sees.
Lynch said the aim for urban designers might be creating imageable environments
witch were at the same time open/ended.13 But we can see how advertising and
even city signals direct people to visualize a city as they design it. The branding of
cities and the thematization of zones and corridors are good examples of those
processes.
The physical characteristic that determine districts are thematic continuities
which may consist of an endless variety of components: texture, space, form,
detail, symbol, building type, use, activity, inhabitants, degree of maintenance,
topography.
The clues are not only visual ones: noise was important as well. At times, indeed,
confusion itself might be a clue, as it was for the woman who remarked that she
knows she is in the North End as soon as she feels she is getting lost.
Then we can understand the standardization of districts in globalized cities, as
shopping corridors, nancial districts, where they almost have the same type of
structures. (Thematic units as Lynch named them, than from the 60s are being
38
13 Lynch, Kevin. The image of the city. p. 139
3. Understanding Values for Urban Elements.
The player will give value to each one the elements he

considers exist on the citizen practice prole selected.
To evaluate those elements we will use the concepts Kevin
Lynch in The image of the city created to dene the uses
and meaning people give to urban elements and that allow the city user the tools to elaborate a mental map
and therefore create structures for mobility and behave
around the city.
In the colored cards are the values for uses Kevin Lynch
dene. There are too new connotations of what those urban
elements are presented on these times.
landmark
1.a recognizable natural or manmade feature used for navigation
quotations
2. a notable building or place with
historical or geographical signicance quotations
3. a major or important item, denoting a change of direction or marking
a beginning or an end
point of reference. are another type of point-reference, but in this case the observer does not enter
within them, they are external. They are usually a
rather simply dened physical object: building, sign,
store, or mountain. The prominent visual features of
the city are its landmarks. Some landmarks are very
large and seen at great distances, like Hotels. Some
are very small (trees within an urban square), and can
only be seen close up, like a street clock or statues.
Landmarks are an important element of urban form
because they help people to orient themselves in the
city and help identify an area.
Synonyms:
Monuments also serve as demarcators of public spaces.
Landmark
Originally, a landmark literally meant a geographic feature, used by explorers and others to nd their way back
through an area on a return trip. In modern usage, it is anything that easily recognizable, such as a monument,
building, or other structure.
39
Paths
familiar routes followed- are the channels along which
the observer customarily, occasionally, or potentially
moves. Streets, walkways, transit lines, canals,
railroads.. These are the major and minor routes of
circulation that people use to move out. A city has a
network of major routes and a neighborhood network of
minor routes.
path
1.a trail for the use of, or worn by, pedestrians.
2.a course taken.
3.track, trail
The word path has a variety of meanings:
4.path is a route between two points. It may
also be used metaphorically, as a philosophical
route to a desired state or destination.
5. For hiking, a path is often synonymous with a
trail, although trail generally implies longer distances, unsurfaced ground, and natural terrain,
whereas a path, particularly in an urban setting,
can be much shorter, have a paved surface, and
meander through landscaped areas.
6. A path in graph theory is a sequence of vertices of a graph where there is an edge from any
vertex in the sequence to the following vertex.
link
1.A connection from one place, person, or
event.
Areas witch perceived internal homogeneity are

medium-to-large sections of the city, conceived of as
having two-dimensional extent, which the observer
mentally enters inside of, and which are recognizable
as having some common identifying character.
A city is composed of component neighborhoods, or
districts.
40
district
1.An administrative division of an area
2.An area or region marked by some
distinguishing feature: morphology
area, corridor, region
corridor
1.A narrow hall or passage with rooms
leading o.
2.A restricted tract of land that allows
passage between two places.
3.Airspace restricted for the passage
of aircraft.
node / hub
1.The central part, usually cylindrical, of a wheel; the nave
2.A point where many routes meet
and trac is distributed, dispensed
or diverted Hong Kong airport is
one of the most important air trac
hubs in Asia.
3.(computers) a computer networking device connecting several
ethernet ports. See switch.
4.A node in a network.
5. a computer networking device
that connects multiple Ethernet segments together making them act as
a single segment.
6.An airline hub is an airport that
serves as the base of operations for
an airline.
7.Cultural capital website that
provides a form of knowledge; skills;
education.
centers of attraction that you can enter. are points,

the strategic spots in a city into which an observer can
enter, and which are intensive foci to and from which he
is traveling. They may be primary junctions, places of a
break in transportation, a crossing or convergence of
paths, moments of shift from one structure to another.
Or the nodes may be simply concentrations, which gain
their importance from being the square a node is a
center of activity. Actually it is a type of landmark but
is distinguished from a landmark by virtue of its active
function. Where a landmark is a distinct visual object, a
node is a distinct axis of activity.
Dividing lines between districts. are the linear elements not used or considered as paths by the observer.
They are boundaries between two phases, linear breaks
in continuity: shores, railroad cut, adages of development, walls The termination of a district is its edge.
Some districts have no edges at all but gradually taper
o and blend into another districts. When two districts
are joined at one edge they form a seam. They are
lateral references rather than coordinate axes.
edge
1.The boundary line of a surface.
2.(Geometry) The joining line between two vertices of a polygon.
3.(Geometry)The place where two
faces of a polyhedron meet.
4.The thin cutting side of the blade
of an instrument.
5.Any sharp terminating border; a
margin; a brink; extreme verge
6.Sharpness; readiness or tness to
cut; keenness; intenseness of desire.
7.The border or part adjacent to
the line of divisionmargin (plural:
margins)
1.(printing): the edge of the paper
that remains blank
2.(nance): the yield or prot; the
selling price minus the cost
3.a permissible dierence; a margin
of error
boundary
1.The dividing line or location
between two areas.
41
4. Fill the Matrix
museum
square
tourist corridor
waterfront
shooping center
None of the element types isolated above exist in isolation in the real case. Districts are structured with
nodes, dened by edges penetrated by paths, and sprinkled with landmarks. Elements regularly overlap
and pierce one another. If this analysis begins with the dierentiation of the whole image
Kevin Lynch, The image of the city. p.6
42
Physical urban elements
The matrix will function as tool to organize the relationships between citizens, urban elements and the value
they get for each one of those citizens:
As the independent variables

are the different notions of
citizens, and as dependent
variable are the physical
urban elements.
And as the third dimension
variables, Kevin Lynch urban
elements denes values to the
urban elements for each one
of the different citizen.
Each cross will explain the
meaning of each dependent
variable to each kind of citizen.
This conglomerated of denitions will expose that gamma

of city experiencing options
and way of living coexists
in the same physical eld as
an OVERLAPPED CITY. But at
the same time it could happened in the individual too
if he chooses and switches
(depending of what he wants
or expect to get form each
one of the citizenships) the
citizenship he will use under different circumstances,
geographical or behavioural;
but its a must to remember
that the choosing will be
conditioned by the permit.
ions he has.
43
Table Board: BARCELONA 2005
Strategies that has being apply to position the city into the worlds eyes:
World Exposition, 1888. Ciudatela
World Exposition, 1929. Mont Juic
Olympic Games, 1992. Mont Juic and Olympic Village.
Forum of the Cultures. 2004. Maresme.
22@ , in progress.
44
Barcelona, Capital of Catalu

had ght for being the prot
Population: 1.578.546 (200
Floating: Tourists 10.148.2
Area: 10.095,98 sq. ha.
5. Select a Field to Play.

Barcelona was chosen to be the set for
the rst example/research of a Jumper
Citizen Simulation.
Why Barcelona? The city of Barcelona has in history foster the recognition of the world as the Mediterranean city. Its develop since the
end of the XVIII Century has being stand on design of urban planes
and politically there Barcelona
has functions as the host for many
of the most relevant international
Events.
In the last twenty years Barcelona
has been one of the Architectural
sets for the experimentations and
analysis of urban phenomena, and
has become on of the most attractive cities of Europe for what it
offers for many different activities.
The period of research and studies for develop this material where
based in Barcelona, that condition
allowed the time and application of
procedures of observation and interviews to complete the document.
unya. The second city in Spain and a city that always

tagonistic Urban Settle in the Iberican Peninsula.
04)
238 Pernoctants 4.549.587 (in 2004)
45
Theoretical frame
Methodology & Analysis

Case I Study over the city of Barcelona, 2005
To compile the data for this research three persons from Barcelona of each one
of the groups that most t on the citizens proles dened below were selected.
In that interview they were asked to tell the common paths they follow in their
everyday life as well as to mention and draw if possible how is Barcelona urbanistictly structure.
To be able to compare the dierent maps shown in the research, the physical urban elements of the city of Barcelona were dened as icons to make them the
common base for analysis. Icons showed on next page.
Once the maps were overlapped, they showed that the city is experimented by
parts of segments, and that corresponds to dierent kind of citizen practices. As
many overlapped cities more diversication of citizens proles exist in it. That
shows that the city of Barcelona is an attractive place that catches a broader gamma of dierent people to go there.
There is possible to read how dierent places have diverse uses where dierent
citizenship can be found, but what came to light is that most invested and developed zones of the city are functionally reduced to some kind of citizen proles.
While a shopping corridor or a museum is a node for encounters with similar full
of activities sponsored by private and public capital, for others its only the work
district and the places itself where those activities are being presented are edges
non penetrable.v
Densication of activities for the touristic corridor, at least in the case of Barcelona
is still a share place with dwellers even dough fees for living are increasing every
day. The city is a centre of activity that brings people from over the world to spend
dierent scales of time, but at the same time, the city is a centre of activity that
brings people from over the edges of the city, from behind the mountain every
day. A city that assures resources for living, but for spending them in outside-ofthe-city aordable suburbs.
46
6. Creating icons for signicant Urban Elements of the City
Ghery Sculpture
Predrera House
Shooping center
Stadium
Metro stations
Gardens
Multifamily housing
districts
Industrial district
Suburbs
Airport
Forum
Plaza Catalunya
Rambla del Raval
Agbar building
Olympic Stadium
Plaza Espaa
Ramblas
Rambla del Borne
Sagrada Familia
Conserola Tower
Macba
Olympic village
47
Dweller
BARCELONA, 2005
48
7. Playing the characterization
49
Family lifestyle
BARCELONA, 2005
50
51
Bohemian / Academic
52
53
Support
BARCELONA, 2005
54
55
In- placed
BARCELONA, 2005
56
57
Mass Travel Tourist
BARCELONA, 2005
58
59
Territoriant
BARCELONA, 2005
60
Di-rooted
61
Case 2
Study on a di-rooted individual
Architect 28 years, old. Mexican-ecuatorian
A professional in design was asked to develop routes, maps and narrations of how
does she experience and used the city. The city in this case was not one singular
place, the city for this person were all the cities where she has lived in the period
of the last ve years, cities in which she has being under dierent conditions: as
home student, interchange student with scholarship, as a mass travel tourist, a
professional practitioner, a dweller, a cultural tourist.
The city in this case becomes the globe, and even the citizen practices became
the characters chosen or given to perform. The city is that selected eld that oers
the individual performs. And, as the case of Barcelona, still be capable to maintain
the dierent citizenship practice on its own territory, because if not, the jumper
citizen will choose not another citizen practice, but another city.
The capacity for mobility and the openness of the social habits have created
dierent social behaviors, not really based on common morals, but in getting
predene lifestyles. This does not mean that old kind of citizenships or even
old citizens practices does not exist anymore; they are mixed with the new
ones, mixed in the same space and time, but commonly in crossing with other
structures without touching between them. Thus there exist lost of layers in city
structures that respond to certain groups demands.
62
Barcelona 2001
Dweller
Barcelona 2003
Cultural Tourist
Barcelona 2004
Family Liyestyle partial dweller
63
Theoretical frame
City users practices

As the citizen has changed in responds to the demand of the global economy (or
maybe, the global economy has created new strategies to responds the necessities
of the new city users), it becomes more difcult to look at cities only as the physical
shapes capable to be inhabited by their users.
If we think of the city in the modern sense, the city should feeds citizens necessities and in the other hand it should be the tool that enable city users practice their
citizenship; practice the idea of a civic square, recognize institutions, and practice his
professional character on society. People or the individual in the modern context or
in a positivist point of view was whatever his function in the society was. In the contemporary society the individual chose a way of living, which not necessarily matches
whith the prole dened for his laboral status sketched in the mid XX century.
The structure of the economy in the cities is changing in scale, in its basic functions
and developments, as well as in its internal and external ows. Cities are not longer
places to stay, but places in which the staying depends on the individual.
The Question then is, If there still exists concepts of boundaries, paths, landmarks,
hubs and identiable areas on individual or citizens to understand the city and then
anable him move on it? How this elements should be? Or to make it more real, how
these elements are appearing in the cities, global or not yet globalized?
In this research, the elements used by Kevin Lynch are analyze, not from a perceptual
meaning, but as physical concepts that are changing to respond to global politics, and
global and local identities.
Its not about how does citizen (or types of citizens) see these elements, or what
these elements are for him, it is about the recognition of mobility, use of time, and
the capability of chossing actual individuals have to practice a citizenship.
Then I propose the reading of actual theories and trends to dene the contemporary behavior, thus city development or citizen practice, and lter them thru these
concepts of the Lynchs elements; another exercise in the trying to understand the
structures of cities for different kinds (lifestyles) of citizenships.
64
8. Establish encounters and hubs that enable citizen to jump from one
structure to another.
As a method proposed to analyze those places that keep a

diverse densication of different kind of individuals it
is proposed
to
retake the cards for
the physical urban
elements
created above.
users to
each one of those
Applying values
from different
places, it would be possible to nd out how diversied is

the meaning and use of a place and for how many different
citizens it is used.
65
Overlapped city
There is no need to explain that dierent kinds of people coexist in the metropolis, and for each one of them the perception of the city, or the recreation of the
structure of the city in their minds, is dierent, but there is possible to nd similarities in groups, or types of individuals.
Taking for granted Kevin Lynch work The image of the City (1959) we can observe
that this similarities can be measure, and nd out that groups of individuals have
common references to perceive and move into the city.
The representation of mobility and meaning of measurable urban elements by
dierent kinds of citizens (therefore citizenship) shows that on the same physical
shape of the city coexist lots of layered mobility structures. Putting these structures together its what in the JUMPER CITIZEN its called THE OVERLAPPED CITY.
Rather than a single comprehensive image for the entire environment, here seemed to
be sets of images, which more or less overlapped and interrelated This arrangement by
levels is a necessity in a large and complex environment.
Kevin Lynch
66
Conlcusions
What to do then with neigther of the two possible overlappings of the image of
the global city, if it is possible to analyze who is using the city and who is it being
built for. We need to expect reactions.
At the end, decisions on city planners and developers, stand on a ethic agenda of
what a common well is.
The eort of city developers to gain more attractiveness and under the discourse
to increase social living by improving public spaces is not safeguarding dwelling
for their users only for some of them.
It seems to me that they (global powers) are trying to erased some of these actors
from the thematized city or at least take them away from the visible city atractor.
Thematization of entire cities, in order to make them accessible to be consume,

is leading if its not carefully analyzed to a pure set of televisions. Specialized demand of products and services as well as the standardization of security, com67
munication, mobility forces cities to change if they dont want to be outside of

the connected world... Where is the city going, if the meanings that were supposed to be a reason to be inhabited are being transformed in only images to
consume? Domestication by cappuccino as Guido Martinotti says is standardizing
not only the quality of products and services new actor request, but the senses
themselves. Experiencing the taste of a coee in one place, city or region is being
the same one than experiencing on the Starbooks next corner. The critic does not
go against skyscrapers, but to what the implementations brings in the specic
neighbor where it is place.
Thematization is not leading only to the built of expected images to capture global capitals the renewal of neighbors is bringing speculation, dislocation of old
city dwellers and the disappearance of encounter nodes for everyday city users.
At the same time and while the trend is to go back to urban centers, at least for
those who can aord it and have the evocative desire to experience what a metropolis oers, the shape is getting two signicative shapes: on the one hand the
city is becoming more extended precisely for those who need to go in to the periphery to nd an aordable place for living, which makes necessary the acquisition of a automovil; and in the other hand a facade city, perfectly made over for
fulll the expectations of visitors. Cities that are well equipped in urban infrastructure and then with public and private services that create and attractive and profitable facade for corridor in the city.
Facade city.
Perception of a sprawl city
While cities are changing in other to responds to global capital and protable development it becomes obvious to me that architecture request active discourses
and procedures to respond not only with those trends, but with the opposite ones
that will assure everyone to access the public space.
68
Would it be the time, if we are just creating services cities, or leisure cities, as Alain Touraine said of the cultural rights. Where the status of
Even dough I nd that the creation of commodities in under develop countries as Latin America is being an opportunity to create protable spaces for diverse kind of tourism, where precisely
their particular identity and cultural values might be a strong tool
to increase their social status. The speculation and precisely the
capability to move from rst world citizens will always put them
in disadvantage.
Architecture and urban developers are creating cites recreated by

the idea of what Marco Venture calls festivalizacion as a cause of
renovation but that is decontextualized and continoulsy decontexttualize the physical environment from the common dweller.
As an architect I bet for a profound analysis of planning public

spaces and city developments in order to keep the metropolis as
eld where all events and people form all kind of proles. I bet
for a city where all kind of lifestyle mixture and encounters within
each others are allowd and fostered.
As an individual I bet for a Jumper Citizen despite of the architecture,

and individual that is able to decodicade the consumerism
trends, and use that to play and get the most. And individual that
does not leave his identity to consumerism proles and trends.
And individual that decides to play in the global city nding the
hubs to jump from one prole to another, but in the intent to experience the city, and not because its a must to survive.
the academic and students will be the passport then, if dont have the
economical resources to dwell in the global city.
69
Theoretical frame
Bibliography
A.G.M., Jan van Dijk, The One-dimensional Network Society of Manuel Castells, :
http://www.chronicleworld.org/archive/castells.htm
Auge, Marc, Non-Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity,
Verso. U.S.A. 1995.
Borja, Jordi. Los desafos del territorio. Nmero 3 - December 1999 - Revista
Bimestral de la Asociacin Secretariado General Gitano
Borja, Jordi. La ciudad multicultural. E:\Metropolis\Thesis\Fichas documentales\
Castell\JORDI BORJA Y MANUEL CASTELLS.htm
Castells, Manuel, Conversations with History
Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley, http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/
people/Castells/castells-con4.html
Castells, Manuel, The informational Age.
The rise of the network society, Blackwell, U.K. 2000.
Castells, Manuel, The power of identity, Blackwell U.K. 2000
Delgado Manuel, urban multicultures Quin puede ser inmigrante en la ciudad?, http://www.cccbxaman.org/transits/Delgado.htm
Delgado, Manuel, Dinmicas identitarias y espacios pblicos, Magazine cidob
dafers internacionals, 43-44, december 1998-january 1999
Frasca, Gonzalo. http:ludology.com
GISSI B., Jorge, Identidad latinoamericana: psicologa y sociedad, Andes LTDA,
Chile, 1987.
KOOLHAS, Rem, Mutations: Harvard proyect of the city. Hardvard, 2000.
Lynch, Kevin Image of the city. MIT press.24th printing. 1996
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Martinotti, Guido, The new social morphology of cities, www.unesco.org/shs/

most
Muoz, Francesc. The multiplied city: Metropolis of territoriants in CityArchitectureLandscape. IUAV-SPS. Venice 2002.
NESBITT, Kate, Theorizing a New Agenda for Architecture: Antology of Architectural Theory 1965-1995, Princenton Architectural Press, Princenton, 1996.
Olalquiaga, Celeste, http://www.celesteolalquiaga.com
Sassen, Saskia. Globalization and Its Discontents: Essays on the New Mobility of
People and Money. The new Press. NY. 1998.
Sassen, Saskia, Urban Economies and Fading Distances
The second Megacities Lecture Nov. 1998. The Hague, http:megacities.nl/lecture_2/lecture.html
Sennet, Richard, The Fall of Public Man, W,.W. Norton, U.S.A. 1992.
Simmel, George, The metropolis and mental life, http://www.arch.auburn.edu/
mr/readingtext/georg.pdf
71
Theoretical frame
72

The Jumper Citizen: Simulating Individuals in Overlapped Cities

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THE JUMPER CITIZEN

simulation of the contemporary

THE JUMPER CITIZEN:

Under Tutory of Francesc Muoz, Phd.

by Igor Ivan Ojeda Delgado

The Jumper Citizen

The Jumper Citizen

Is a research that proposes a reading of the

The Jumper Citizen

The Jumper Citizen

The jumper citizen is an artifact presented

HOW TO READ THE JUMPER CITIZEN

Even though each side of the document belong to the different

And then in the world of human beings at the beginning of

* if those cities are involved in global economy networks

How to read The Jumper Citizen

Consumerism and mass media

Actual city users

Physical and built environment

Methodology and Analysis: Case I

Methodology and Analysis: Case II

City users practices

JUMPER CITIZEN CONTENTS

How to choose characters?

Understanding values for urban elements

Fill the matrix

Select a eld to play: Barcelona

Creating icons for signicant urban elements

Playing the characterization

Establish encounters and hubs that enables

What contemporary individual plays in this simulations is

Architecture has the historic function of communicate meaning, as a moral icon, or

Every social structure requires a spatial frame where to develop: landscapes as

3 Zukin, Sharon Landscapes of power. 1993

Networks and Global Commodity Chains, http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/gy/gawc/rb/

form in the city. Understanding city in a broader sense,

A simulation is to model a system thru a different system that

Gonzalo Frasca stands on the

Frasca, Gonzalo. http://luology.org

panorama presented here is agamma of possibilities

Frasca speaks about the differentiation between game and

Life styles come then, from a chaotically vision of

Paidea is a low complex rule play. According to Piagets

of this simulations is just experience and draw draft

Understanding the simulation

Its not a game

The play / simulation

Igor Ivan Ojeda Delgado

10 Term created by Marc Auge, in Non Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of

Consumerism and mass media.

How to choose characters?

Contemporary actors moves on the city playing different

The contemporary actor moves on the city playing

It is a reality that as the global economy and global

or privileges for civilians in determined countries or

Actual City users

Usually lives in the residential

communities, interchange students, artists, and intellectuals, are an important

Mass Travel Tourist

Common city dweller that take a short

City user that has lived there even

Principal cause for gentrication.

commodities the city offers.