Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PRESENTED TO NORTH
CENTRAL TEXAS COUNCIL OF
GOVERNMENTS
How to Plan,
Design and
Finance Small
Transfer Stations
and Citizens
Collection Stations
APRIL 14, 2010
Workshop Overview
Introduction
Planning
Equipment
Personnel
Transfer Stations
Planning
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Equipment
Personnel
Project Financing
Finance options
Estimating capital and operating
costs
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Health hazards
Aesthetic costs
Environmental hazards
Clean-up costs
Illegal Dumping
Cleanup
Enforcement
Education and
Outreach
Total
City of Allen
$ 135,844
$ 11,166
$ 34,030
$ 181,040
$ 125,607
$ 50,654
$ 54,898
$ 231,159
Collin County
$ 114,245
$ 88,410
$ 10,165
$ 212,820
Kaufman County
$ 205,074
$ 78,867
$ 91,627
$ 375,568
Tarrant County
$ 198,970
$ 151,077
$ 37,851
$ 387,898
$ 779,740
$ 380,174
$ 228,571
$ 1,388,485
TOTAL
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Transfer Station
Provides a cost-effective
alternative to illegal dumping for
residents
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Getting Organized
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Collecting Data
Community survey
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An MSW survey
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Hours of operation
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Permitting Overview
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Site Selection
Factors to consider when choosing a site:
Visual impacts
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Site Design
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Site Design
Grade separation
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Stormwater drainage
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Staff facilities
Heated or unheated
Construction Materials
Facility security
Hours of operation
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Brush
Recyclables
HHW
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Grade Separation
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Installation of handrails
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Cast-in-place concrete
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Z-Wall Considerations
Cost
Aesthetics
Design
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Traffic Flow
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Operational Considerations
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CCS Equipment
Roll-off container
Roll-off tractor
Stationary compactor
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CCS Equipment
Roll-off bins
Roll-off truck
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Compactor
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Staffing
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Operating Hours
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Personnel Requirements
Oversight/Administration
Site Supervisor
Site Workers/Laborers
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Personnel Requirements
(Continued)
Oversight/Administration
Site Supervisor
Oversees and designs all schedules and plans for transfer station
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Personnel Requirements
(Continued)
Site Workers/Laborers
Work safely and notify Site Supervisor of any safety hazard observed
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Personnel Training
Basic recordkeeping
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Transfer Stations
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Disposal Cost
Distance/travel time to
landfill
Fuel Costs
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Permitting Overview
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Permitting Overview
(Continued)
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Permitting Overview
(Continued)
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Site Selection
Factors to consider when choosing a site:
Distance to landfill
Visual impacts
Site ordinances
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Site Selection
(Continued)
Airport safety
Floodplains
Groundwater
Population density
Wetlands
Fault lines
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Site Selection
(Continued)
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Open Top
Surge Pit
Variation of open top transfer station. Waste unloaded into an area below the
level of the unloading vehicle. Transfer station equipment then pushes the
material into trailer, typically open-top.
Compactor/Precompactor
Waste is either unloaded directly into trailer below (direct dump) or dumped
onto a tipping floor and pushed into trailer below (push load).
For baler transfer stations, loads of waste are baled then placed on a trailer for
maximum load density
For intermodal, waste is loaded into containers that can be loaded onto rail
cars.
Both are typically used when hauling long distances.
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Advantages
Simple technology
Disadvantages
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Advantages
Simple technology
Disadvantages
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Surge Pit
Application
Advantages
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Disadvantages
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Compactor/Precompactor
Application
Advantages
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Disadvantages
Complex technology
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Advantages
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Disadvantages
Additional complexity
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Site Design
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Site Design
Customer types
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Hours of operation
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Brush
Recyclables
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Customer Types
Roll-off vehicles
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Customer Types
(continued)
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May affect how quickly traffic can get into and out of site
Need to ensure that peak flows will not result in lines beyond site
boundary
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Number of scales
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Wind loading
Expansion capability
Floor topping
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Expansion Capability
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Expansion Capability
(Continued)
Additional scales
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Floor Toppings
Some floor topping can provide increased durability and longer life
between repairs
Comparative Abrasion
Resistance
Estimated
Life (Years)
Cost Comparison
Ratio1
Low
2-3
1.0
Medium
8-10
4.5
High
4-6
1.6
High
10-12
1.6
High
10-12
1.6
High
10-15
4.5
Very High
15-20
1.6
Material
Normal Weight Concrete
Epoxy with Aggregate
1) Ratio of costs for specific application. May vary by area and depth of transfer station floor, among other factors.
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Equipment
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Tracked loaders
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Wheeled Loader
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Track Loader
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Excavators
Stationary cranes
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Stationary Cranes
Excavator
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Small forklift
Sweeper
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Transfer Trailers
Evaluating Transfer Trailer Needs
System Level Decisions vs. Efficiency of Individual Trailers
System Level Decisions
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Payload capacity
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Types of Trailers
Open Top
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Types of Trailers
(Continued)
Compactor/Precompactor
Both types are fully enclosed with an full or partial opening in the
rear
Compactor trailers typically made of steel and reinforced, smaller
waste payload due to additional weight of trailer
Precompactor trailers can have less reinforcement and therefore
may be lighter weight, potential for larger waste payload
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Types of Trailers
(Continued)
Aerodynamic
2.
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Types of Trailers
(Continued)
Containers
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Trailer Unloading
Self-unloading Trailers
Dumping
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Trailer Unloading
(Continued)
Tipper Trailers/Containers
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Trailer Material
Aluminum vs. Steel
Aluminum
Steel
Cost
Higher
Lower
Durability
Lower
Higher
Weight
Lower
Higher
Factors to Consider:
Distance to landfill
Price of fuel
Purchase price of trailer
Size of trailer
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Personnel
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Personnel
Oversight/Administration
Site Supervisor
Equipment Operators
Transfer Drivers
Laborers
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Personnel
(Continued)
Oversight/Administration
Typically, this position is filled by either the Citys Solid Waste Director or the
Public Utilities Director
Works under very little direction, direct supervisor for other positions
Responsible for the overall performance of program, oversees all operations
and procedures, identifies areas where improvement is needed
Represents the program at meetings, hearings, conferences, etc.
Site Supervisor
Oversees and designs all schedules and plans for transfer station
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Personnel
(Continued)
Drives tractor truck from transfer station to landfill and may operate
compactor, if applicable
Equipment Operators
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Personnel
(Continued)
Works safely and notifies Site Supervisor of any safety hazard observed
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Personnel Training
First aid
Lock-out/tag-out
Fire safety
Equipment O&M
Litter control
Confined space
Bloodborne pathogens
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Waste Hauling
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Disadvantages
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Employee Training
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Dust
Odor
Litter
Noise
Visual Impacts
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Dust
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Odor
Dump smelly loads directly into trailers (e.g., packing house waste
or grocery store compactors)
Misting systems can disperse an odor control agent
Misting system can be at waste handling area and at property
boundary
Adequate buffer can reduce odor complaints
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Noise
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Visual Impacts
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Litter
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Employee Training
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Employee Training
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First Aid
Fire safety
Recordkeeping
Equipment O&M
Bloodborne pathogens
Confined space
Lock-out/tag-out
Reporting
Litter control
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Bulk liquids
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Hazardous waste
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Fire or explosion
Release of gas
Customer injury
Chemical spill
Traffic accident
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Site Signage
Comprehensive signage program must
consider the following:
Design fundamentals
Inventory
Layout/legibility
Color schemes
Uniformity
Viewing specifications
Placement
Distance
Height
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Site Signage
(continued)
Facility name
Tipping fees
Prohibited materials
Hours of operation
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Project Financing
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Project Financing
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Project Financing
(continued)
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Pay-as-you-go financing
Debt financing
Grant-in-aid financing
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Pay-As-You-Go Financing
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Pay-As-You-Go Financing
Advantages
Disadvantages
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Debt Financing
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Debt Financing
Advantages
Disadvantages
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Grants-In-Aid
Grants-in-aid:
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Capital costs
Land costs
Operating costs
Salaries
Equipment maintenance
Utilities
Fuel costs
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Site design
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Land Costs
Asphalt
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Dumpsters
Roll-off containers
Compactors
Roll-off trucks
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Equipment maintenance
Utility costs
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Capital Cost
Construction Costs
Item
Capital Cost
Equipment Costs
$ 9,000
$ 20,000
$ 4,000
Roll-Offs (4)
$ 14,000
$ 30,600
Small Tractor
$ 60,000
$ 7,400
Equipment Subtotal
$ 94,000
$ 8,960
Cost of Capital
5%
$ 18,225
Term (years)
$ 8,000
$ 16,245
Asphalt Paving
Attendant Building and Utilities
Concrete Pad for Attendant Building
Chain Link Fence with Gates
$ 333
$ 20,200
Pavement Marking
$ 400
Signage
$ 400
$ 1,000
Security Lighting
$ 1,500
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Construction Subtotal
$ 110,018
Cost of Capital
5%
Term (Years)
15
$ 10,599
Amount
Capital Expenses
Annualized Construction Subtotal
$ 10,599
$ 16,245
O&M Expenses
Hauling Costs
$ 156,600
Disposal Costs
$ 60,000
$ 45,500
Equipment O&M
Utilities
$ 10,000
$ 10,000
$ 5,000
$ 313,944
Additional items to
consider include:
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Revenue Collection
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Revenue Estimation
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Sources
R. W. Beck staff
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Questions?
Scott Pasternak
(512) 651-6405
spasternak@rwbeck.com
(512) 651-6413
scunningham@rwbeck.com
An SAIC Company
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