You are on page 1of 7

Abnormal auditory sensory gating-out in first-episode and nevermedicated paranoid schizophrenia patients: an fMRI study.

Authors:
Ji, Bin
Mei, Wei1
Zhang, John2
Jing, Juzhen1
Wu, Qiulin1
Zhuo, Yongning3 zyn1683@126.com
Xiao, Zhuangwei xiaozw@vip.163.com
Source:
Experimental Brain Research. Aug2013, Vol. 229 Issue 2, p139-147. 9p. 2 Color Photographs, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs.
Document Type:
Article
Subject Terms:
*SCHIZOPHRENICS
*RESEARCH
*SCHIZOPHRENIA
*PARANOIA
*ANTIPSYCHOTIC drugs
*FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging
Author-Supplied Keywords:
Auditory sensory gating
First-episode
fMRI
Paranoid schizophrenia
Abstract:
Numerous electrophysiological studies have showed auditory sensory gating-out abnormalities in chronic
schizophrenia with antipsychotic medication. Previous research has used functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) with excellent spatial resolution to identify the neural substrates of sensory gating-out deficits revealing
increased hemodynamic response in the hippocampus, thalamus and prefrontal cortex. However, such results
obtained from medicated patients may be confounded by antipsychotic medication. The present study scanned 15
first-episode schizophrenia patients not yet receiving any medical treatment and 15 healthy controls matched in
gender, age and education when they performed a sensory gating-out task adapted for fMRI. The symptoms of the
patients were assessed with the positive and negative syndrome scale. Different from previous findings, the
schizophrenia patients showed decreased activation in hippocampus and thalamus during sensory gating-out,
compared with the normal controls. The results support the theory attributing abnormal sensory gating-out in
schizophrenia patients to the dysfunction of hippocampus and thalamus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Experimental Brain Research is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content
may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written
permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged.
No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the
material for the full abstract.(Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Author Affiliations:
1
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of
Shantou University, Changping Road Shantou 515041 China
2
Centre for Psychology Studies, Fudan University, Shanghai China
3
Mental Health Center, Medical College of Shantou University, Taishan North Road Shantou 515041 China
ISSN:

0014-4819
DOI:
10.1007/s00221-013-3600-7
Accession Number:
89438921

Roca, Kattleya C.

BSN III-A1

The 11 warnings signs are as follows:

Feeling very sad or withdrawn for two or more weeks

Seriously trying to harm or kill yourself, or making plans to do so

Sudden overwhelming fear for no reason, sometimes with a racing heart or fast
breathing

Involved in multiple fights, using a weapon, or wanting badly to hurt others

Severe, out- of-control behavior that can hurt yourself or others

Not eating, throwing up or using laxatives to make yourself lose weight

Intensive worries or fears that get in the way of daily activities

Extreme difficulty in concentrating or staying still that puts you in physical danger
or causes school failure

Repeated use of drugs or alcohol

Severe mood swings that cause problems in relationships

Drastic changes in your behavior or personality

Association between insight, cognitive insight, positive symptoms


and violence in patients with schizophrenia.
Authors:
Ekinci, Okan1
Ekinci, Asli1
Source:
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. Apr2013, Vol. 67 Issue 2, p116-123. 8p. 4 Charts.
Document Type:
Article
Subject Terms:
*VIOLENCE
*INSIGHT
*SCHIZOPHRENIA
*SCHIZOPHRENICS
*SUBSTANCE abuse
Author-Supplied Keywords:
Insight
Schizophrenia
Violence
Abstract:
Background: Violence is a significant clinical and public concern and is a frequent occurrence in patients with
schizophrenia. The relationship between insight and violence remains controversial. In addition, there is a lack of
research on insight, cognitive insight, demographic and psychopathologic variables in violent versus nonviolent
schizophrenia patients. Aim: We aimed to compare insight, cognitive insight, psychopathological and demographic
variables in violent and nonviolent subjects suffering from schizophrenia. In addition, we aimed to determine the
demographic and clinical predictors of violent behaviour in patients with schizophrenia. Method: We recruited 133
schizophrenic patients without concomitant substance abuse or axis II disorder. Diagnoses were based on the SCID-I

and SCID-II. Violent behaviours were assessed using the Overt Aggression Scale. Insight and cognitive insight were
assessed with the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder and the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale,
respectively. Results: We compared 47 patients with violent schizophrenia with 86 nonviolent patients. Non-violent
patients had more severe depression, lower scores on positive symptoms, better clinical insight, more self-reflectivity
and higher R-C index scores than did violent patients. In addition, history of violence, lower self-reflectiveness, worse
clinical insight and delusion severity were significant predictors of violence in schizophrenia. Conclusion: The present
study suggests that the inclusion of insight and cognitive insight may increase the prediction of violence in this
population. In addition, clinicians should consider using non-pharmacological techniques that are based on cognitive
behaviour therapy and enhance insight, particularly cognitive insight, among patients with schizophrenia who exhibit
violent behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nordic Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be
copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written
permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be
abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published
version of the material for the full abstract.(Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
1
Department of Psychiatry, Yozgat State Hospital, Yozgat, Turkey

The epidemiology of violent behavior in patients with a psychotic


disorder: A systematic review of studies since 1980.
Authors:
Nederlof, Angela F.1,2 nederlof@fsw.eur.nl
Muris, Peter1
Hovens, Johannes E.1,2
Source:
Aggression & Violent Behavior. Jan2013, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p183-189. 7p.
Document Type:
Article
Subject Terms:
*EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Research
*PSYCHOSES
*SCHIZOPHRENIA
*VIOLENCE
*SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research)
Abstract:
Abstract: Since the 19th century, it has been widely acknowledged that persons with a psychotic disorder are
more often involved in violent crimes than those without mental problems, which is confirmed by several
recent review papers and meta-analytic studies. However, the caveats and limitations of these studies have
been largely neglected. In the present systematic review paper, the epidemiological studies that were
published since 1980 on the link between psychosis and violent behavior were critically reviewed. Electronic
databases were searched to initially identify 5756 articles. A total of 26 articles were eventually selected as
they met all selection criteria. Studies were categorized according to their research design (i.e., birth cohort,

community, register/record-based). Although schizophrenia and other related psychotic disorders seem to be
undoubtedly associated with violent behavior (with OR''s between 2 and 28), it should be kept in mind that
underlying variables or risk factors (e.g., family history of violence, emotions such as anger and anxiety,
impulsivity, childhood problems), the study design, and conceptual problems (i.e., definitions of
violence/aggression and schizophrenia/psychosis) might be particularly relevant when interpreting the link
between violence and psychosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Aggression & Violent Behavior is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier
Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the
copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for
individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users
should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.(Copyright applies to all
Abstracts.)
tions:

1
2

Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands


Delta Psychiatric Center, Poortugaal, The Netherlands

The introduction of a nursing guideline on depression at


psychogeriatric nursing home wards: Effects on Certified Nurse
Assistants.
Authors:
Verkaik, Renate1 r.verkaik@nivel.nl
Francke, Anneke L.1,2
van Meijel, Berno3
Spreeuwenberg, Peter M.M.1
Ribbe, Miel W.2
Bensing, Jozien M.1
Source:
International Journal of Nursing Studies. Jun2011, Vol. 48 Issue 6, p710-719. 10p.
Document Type:
Article
Subject Terms:
*DEMENTIA -- Diagnosis
*CONTROL (Psychology)
*ANALYSIS of variance
*AUTONOMY (Psychology)
*CONFIDENCE
*CORRELATION (Statistics)
*MENTAL depression

*EXPERIMENTAL design
*FACTOR analysis
*GERIATRIC nursing
*RESEARCH -- Methodology
*MEDICAL protocols
*MENTAL illness -- Classification
*MULTIVARIATE analysis
*NURSES' aides
*NURSING care facilities
*PROFESSIONS
*PSYCHIATRIC nursing
*RESEARCH -- Finance
*EMPLOYEES -- Workload
*EVIDENCE-based nursing
*EDUCATIONAL attainment
*RANDOMIZED controlled trials
*PRE-tests & post-tests
*REPEATED measures design
NAICS/Industry Codes:
623310 Community care facilities for the elderly
623110 Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities)
Abstract:
Abstract: Background: To improve care for residents with depression in dementia, an evidence based
nursing guideline was developed. Using the guideline has already shown positive effects on depression in
psychogeriatric nursing home residents. Objective: To study the effects of the introduction of the nursing
guideline depression in dementia on perceived professional autonomy, workload and feelings of
powerlessness and confidence in Certified Nurse Assistants. Design: A multi-center controlled intervention
study with randomization at ward level, using pre-test, post-test and follow-up measurements. Setting: 18
psychogeriatric wards in 9 Dutch nursing homes. Participants: : 193 Certified Nurse Assistants working on
psychogeriatric nursing home wards for at least 20h per week. Methods: An evidence based guideline for
nursing teams of psychogeriatric nursing home wards was introduced on nine experimental wards to reduce
depression in residents diagnosed with depression in dementia. The guideline introduction consisted of team
training and the installation of a promotion group. The nine control wards continued providing usual care.
Primary outcomes are: (1) perceived professional autonomy and (2) experienced workload in Certified Nurse
Assistants measured with the VBBA subscales autonomy and pace and amount of work. Secondary
outcomes are perceived powerlessness and confidence in caring for depressed and demented residents,
using two self-developed scales. Results: The guideline introduction had a small, significant, positive effect
on generally perceived professional autonomy in the Certified Nurse Assistants of the experimental wards.
No short-term effects were found on generally experienced workload, or on confidence and powerlessness
in caring for depressed residents with dementia. Conclusion: The introduction of the nursing guideline
depression in dementia has small, positive effects on perceived professional autonomy among the Certified
Nurse Assistants. Long-term effects on experienced workload should be studied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of International Journal of Nursing Studies is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not
be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written
permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be
abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published
version of the material for the full abstract.(Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

NIVEL, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
VU University Medical Center/EMGO Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
3
INHolland University for Applied Sciences, Research Group Mental Health Nursing, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
2

What are the Signs and Symptoms to Be Concerned About?


If several of the following are occurring, a serious condition may be developing.

Recent social withdrawal and loss of interest in others.


An unusual drop in functioning, especially at school or work, such as quitting sports, failing in school, or

difficulty performing familiar tasks.


Problems with concentration, memory, or logical thought and speech that are hard to explain.
Heightened sensitivity to sights, sounds, smells or touch; avoidance of over-stimulating situations.
Loss of initiative or desire to participate in any activity; apathy.
A vague feeling of being disconnected from oneself or ones surroundings; a sense of unreality.
Unusual or exaggerated beliefs about personal powers to understand meanings or influence events; illogical

or magical thinking typical of childhood in an adult.


Fear or suspiciousness of others or a strong nervous feeling.
Uncharacteristic, peculiar behavior.
Dramatic sleep and appetite changes or deterioration in personal hygiene.
Rapid or dramatic shifts in feelings or mood swings.

You might also like