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1.

as

The content potential circuit of x-ray generator is also known


a) A half rectified circuit.
b) The villard type circuit.

2.

Artificial isotopes are created by bombarding an element with:


a) Neutrons.
b) Electron

3.

c) The greinacher circuit.


d) An unrectified circuit.

c) Protons
d) atoms

If the life of thulium 170 is 130 days and initial source


strength is 50 curies, what will the activity be at the end of
520 day?
a) 1.6625 curies
b) 3.125 curies

c) 12.5 curies
d) 6.25 curies

4. Why is the anode of an x-ray tube usually made from material


which has high thermal conductivity?
a) To maintain a high working temperature within the tube.
b) Anodes of high thermal conductivity generate more xray and increase output.
c) to help retain the large amount of heat needed to
produce a constant stream of electrons
d) so that heat dissipates from surface of the anode more
quickly.
5. In an x ray tube, the angle of the target relative to the flow of
electrons determines the size of the effective focal spot.
a)
b)
c)
d)
6.

True, for rotating anode set only.


True.
False, the focal spot will be the same size as the target
False.

When a gas bombarded by radiation it


a) Changes states
b) Ionizes

7.

c) stabilizes
d) energizes

Alpha particles are emitted


a) After gamma rays .
b) Before gamma rays.

c) Only be neutral isotopes.


d) Before gamma parficles.

8.

Beta particles
a)
b)
c)
d)

9.

Do not penetrate as alpha particles.


Travel and penetrate further than alpha particles.
Travel and penetrate the same as x-ray.
Travel and penetrate gases only.

If all other factors remain the same, what affect will increasing
the kilo voltage have on the finished radiograph?
a) Decrease film density without affecting the previous
contrast.
b) Decrease contrast and increase film density.
c) Increase contrast without affecting the previous film
density.
d) Increase film density without affecting the previous
contrast.

10.

Thin sheets of lead foil in close contact with the x-ray film
during exposure increase film density because they
a)
b)
c)
d)

11.

Absorb scattered radiation.


Emit electrons when exposed to x and gamma radiation.
Fluoresce when exposed x and gamma radiation.
Prevent back scattering of radiation.

A radiographic film with an ultra-fine size would normally be


expected
to give
a) high speed
b) low contrast

12.

c) poor definition
d) none of the above

Use of lead foil screens will, in the correct circumstances,


permit reduction of the
a) exposure time
b) development time

13.

The atomic number is also referred to as the


a) Z number
b) A number

14.

c) kv
d) f.f.d

c) X number
d) atomic mass number

The number 60 in cobalt 60 defines the

a) number of neutrons added to the number of proton in


each cobalt 60 atom
b) number of neutrons in each cobalt 60 atom
c) total number of atoms in a cobalt 60 molecule
15.

Gamma rays are


a) disintegrations of a radio-nuclide
b) particles which are emitted when a radio-nuclide
disintegrates
c) x-rays that are emitted by all isotope
d) a form of excess energy emitted during disintegrations
of radio-nuclide

16.

Which metallic salt is used as salt screens?


a) eclluse triacetate
b) sodium thiosulphate

17.

Another term for solarisation is


a) Dichroie fog
b) Reticulation

18.

c) Higher contrast on
d) More portable

What does the developer supply to the film emulsion to


initiate the chemical change that makes the latest images
visible?
a) Positive ions
b) Newtons

20.

c) Penumbra
d) Reversal

What is the main advantage of using a constant potential xray unit?


a) Smaller focal spot
resultant radiographs
b) Reduced exposure time

19.

c) lithium fluoride
d) calsium tungstate

c) Bromine
d) Electrons

Which of the following statements is true?


a) All the factors being equal, a 6 curie cobalt 60 source
would produce the same radiographic film density as 6
curie iridium 192
b) A 6 curie cobalt 60 source produces radiation of the
same wavelength as those from a 6 curie iridium 192
source
c) A 6 curie Co60 source and a 6 curie iridium 192 source
have the same activity
d) All of the above.

21.

Which of the following are used for the manufacture of


radiographic salt screen?
a)
b)
c)
d)

22.

Lithium sulphate crystals


Lithium fluoride crystals
Calcium tungstate crystals
Calcium sulphate crystals

Artificial isotopes are created by bombarding an element with:


a) Protons
b) Electrons

23.

All the electromagnetic wave travels through air at the same


speed.
This is :
a)
b)
c)
d)

24.

the speed of light


the speed of sound
dependent on the frequency of the waves
not, the speed of electromagnetic waves is variable

As tube voltage increases:


a)
b)
c)
d)

25.

wavelength decrease
wavelength increase
there is no change in wavelength
wavelength could increase or decrease depending on
the type of x-ray tube

When a gas is bombarded by radiation it:


a) ionizes
b) energizes

26.

c) Neutrons
d) Atoms

c) changes state
d) stabilizes

X-ray intensity is a term use to describe


a) the filament current
b) the magnitude of the applied voltage
c) the number of ray striking a define area in a given unit
of time
d) the penetrating power of the beam

27.

In radiography the inverse squale law is applicable to:


a) film focus distance and exposure time
b) film focus distance and kilo voltage
c) miliamprage and kilo voltage

d) kilo voltage and exposure time


28.

The quantitative measure of film blackening is referred to as:


a) Film contrast
unsharpness
b) Photographic density

29.

d) Radiation absorption

c) carbide
d) tungsten

The property of material to block or partially block the


passage of x and gamma rays is termed:
a) absorption
b) latitude

31.

Geometric

The most commonly used target material in an x-ray tube is


a) carbon
b) copper

30.

c)

c) absolution
d) penetration

From the exposure chart, an exposure of 12 minutes is


indicated at an f.f.d. of 1 m but to achieve a satisfactory Ug,
an f.f.d of 600 mm is required. What is the new exposure time?
a) 2 min
b) 4.3 min

c) 7.2 min
d) 3.3 min

32.

Ammonium thiosulphate and sodium thiosulphate are


chemicals used
in:
a) thermo-luminescent dose meters
b) fixers for converting developed silver halides to water
soluble compounds
c) the manufacture of film bases
d) photographic developers used to reduce the amount of
development fog

33.

Which of the following will not affect film contrast?


a) Film type
b) Film density

34.

c) wavelength
d) all of the above

What would the ratio of intensity be for light transmitted


through adjacent areas of radiograph with respective densities
of 2.0 and 1.0?
a) 100
b) 20

c) 10
d) 2

35.

What is the appearance of reticulation on a radiograph?


a) A white lightning like indication
b) A black lightning like indication
c) A net like structure or an appearance of grainy leather
on the radiograph
d) It could appear as any of the above

36.

Which of the following parts of an atom are positively


charged?
a) Proton
b) Electron

37.

Alpha particles:
a)
b)
c)
d)

38.

c) Photon
d) Neutron

Have very high velocity but low penetration


Penetrate more than beta particles
Have the shortest wavelength
Penetrate denser materials better than x-ray

An x-ray beam consists of electromagnetic radiation with a:


a) Spectrum of wavelength similar to white light but with
longer wavelength
b) Spectrum of wavelength similar to white light but with
shorter wavelength
c) Single wavelength determined by the kv used
d) Single wavelength determined by the mA used

39.

The atomic number determine the:


a)
b)
c)
d)

40.

number of nuclies in the atom


charge of the atom
type of atom
type of element

What type of radiation is emitted from Pb screens when they


are struck by x-ray of 300 kv or gamma rays from Ir 192?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Secondary x-ray are Beta particles


Beta particles and white light
Alpha particles and UV (A)
Ultraviolet and secondary x-rays

41.

A satisfactory radiograph is produce in 4 minute at 6 mA.


Assuming that all other factor remain the same what exposure
time is required if the mA is halved?
a) 10 min
b) 8 min

42.

c) 5 min
d) 2 min

The characteristic curve of a high contrast film will:


a) have a steeper gradient compared to a curve for a low
contrast film
b) always be on the left side of a graph, showing a
characteristic curve for a film with lower contrast
c) be a straight line
d) all of the above

43.

What would be effect of charging lead intensifying screens for


metallic intensifying screens during a run of identical
exposures?
a)
b)
c)
d)

44.

.
.
.
New exposure calculation would not be derived from the
old values using the law of reciprocity

What effect does fixer have on unexposed silver halide


crystals present on the surface of the radiographic film during
development?
a) Converts them from green to black metallic silver to
form a background for the image
b) Make them water soluble so that they will dissolve in the
fixer tank
c) Converts them from green to black metallic silver to
form the image
d) Reduce their adhesive properties so that they drop of in
the fixer

45.

Pair production, Compton scattering and the photo electric


effect are three example of:
a) Interaction which attenuate x-ray or gamma ray
b) Methods used to wake a radiograph

c) Chemical reactions which play a major role


developing a film
d) Chemical reactions which create a lantern image
46.

In the electromagnetic spectrum light ray have:


a)
b)
c)
d)

47.

in

the same frequency to x-ray


shorter wavelength than x-ray
a higher frequency than x-ray
a lower frequency than x-ray

A filter in the primary radiator beam coil


a) reduce exposure time
b) increase the effective energy of the beam and reduce
radiographic contrast
c) increase the amount of scattered radiation
d) decrease the effective energy of the beam and increase
radiographic contrast

48.

The specific activity of a gamma source is usually measured


in:
a)
b)
c)
d)

49.

curies per gram


counts per second
electron volts
roentgens per hour

Radiation of a single wavelength is known as


a) fluoroscopic radiation
radiation
b) microscopic radiation
radiation

50.

heterogeneous

d)

monochromatic

Characteristic x-ray has:


a)
b)
c)
d)

51.

c)

High energy and are little use in radiographic


High energy and are of primary use in radiographic
Low energy and are of primary use in radiographic
Low energy and are little use in radiographic

For given thickness, which of the following materials would


block or partially block the most x-ray?

a) Aluminium
b) Copper
52.

As x-ray energy increase wavelength will


a) decrease
b) fluctuate

53.

c) Concrete
d) Iron

c) stay the same


d) increase

The density difference between two areas of a radiographic is


described as:
a) subject density
b) radiographic contrast

54.

The fundamental requirement for generation of x-ray is:


a) a source of neutrons
flux
b) a temperature differential
electron

55.

c) specific activity
d) unsharpness

c)

an electromagnetic
d)

a source of

During manual film processing the purpose of the stop-bath is


a) to eliminate the most water spots and streaks
b) to change the exposed silver salts to black metallic
silver
c) to neutralize the developer and stop the developing
d) none of the above

56.

Fixing solutions use in the processing of radiographic are:


a) basic
b) acidic

57.

c) neutral
d) alkaline

X-ray, gamma ray, and alpha particles all have one thing in
common. They are all:
a) microwave radiations
radiation
b) ionizing radiation
radiation

58.

c)

electromagnetic
d)

particulate

The period of time it takes for the film to lose the milky
appearance it gets when first immersed in a fixer solution is
called:
a) holding time

c) clearing time

b) fixing time
59.

Salt screens are rarely used in industrial radiography because


they:
a) give poor definition
b) are too expensive
factors

60.

d) standing time

d)

The effect of increasing the frequency or gamma photon


would be to:
a) decrease its velocity
wavelength
b) increase its velocity
wavelength

61.

c)

increase

its

d)

decrease

its

Collimotor is made from:


a) depleted uranium
b) tungsten

62.

c) are not flexible


give only low intensification

c) lead
d) any of the above

Developer preferentially reduced:


a)
b)
c)
d)

unexposed silver ions over exposed silver ions


exposed silver ions over unexposed silver ions
silver ions over bromide ions
bromide ions over silver ions

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