Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study

Youth ages 15 to 24 are

important and highly vulnerable part of the

human resource in every developing countries. Demographic shifts in many

developing countries have increased the proportion of the youths as a
percentage of the total population.
The youth are the future leaders, workers, and citizens of their nations.
Yet in many developing countries, the youths lack basic education, employment
opportunities, and connectedness to civil society. They often have a negative
sense of their future, and are at risk for participation in gangs, militias, trafficking
groups, and extremist organizations. The assets of the youth should be used to
help their countries grow and prosper, however they often remain underused or
are channeled into crime, violence, and other destructive activities. Development
planners lack reliable bases of information enabling them to report on the status
of youth at a national or international level. This lack of data hinders efforts at the
national level to develop better policies and programs addressing the needs of
the youths are at risk.
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority National Statistics Office
(NSO), the proportion of youth population 7-24 years old who were out of school
and those who were unemployed and have not graduated from college increased
by 852 thousand, from 3.0 million in 1989 to 3.8 million in 1994. Like the data on
youth enrollment, the outcome of Out of School Youths (OSYs) could have also
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been affected by some seasonalitys brought about by the differences in the
months the two surveys were conducted. Another possible factor was the onset
of the harvest season.
In 1994, about 17.6 percent of the 7-24 years old females were out of
school. This figure was 6.7 percentage points higher than the 10.9 percent
registered by their male counterparts. A 2.1 and 1.2 percentage point increase
was observed in the male and female proportions, respectively, from their 1989
levels.
In 2010, OSYs in the rural areas (12.9 percent) edged up their urban
counterparts (11.8 percent) by 1.1 percentage points. This gap went down to 0.6
percentage point in 1994 after the proportion in urban areas rose by 2.0
percentage points to 13.8 percent while the rural incremented by 1.5 percentage
points to 14.4 percent(Functional Literacy and Mass Media Survey, 2010).
Furthermore, the child is one of the most important assets of the nation..
Hence, every effort should be exerted to promote his welfare and enhance his
opportunities for a useful and happy life (Art.1, P.D. 603, The Child and Youth
Welfare Code,1974).
Thus under the same provisions of the same Presidential Decree, number
6 of the rights of the Child under Article 3, states that every child has the right to
an education commensurate with his abilities and to the development of his skills
for the improvement of his capacity for service to himself and to his fellowmen.
Thus, these rights should be observed even in the local scenario or in
municipalities such as Mapandan of Pangasinan. Mapandan is a third class

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municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2010
census, it has a population of 34,439 people.
Mapandan is a Hall of Famer for having the Pangasinan's Cleanest,
Safest and Greenest Municipality (Category B). It was also awarded the
Pangasinan's Healthiest Municipality for having the least number of malnourished
children. It is politically subdivided into 15 barangays namely Amanoaoac,
Apaya, Aserda, Baloling, Coral, Golden, Jimenez, Lambayan, Luyan, Nilombot
, Pias , Poblacion, Primicias, Santa Maria and Torres.
According to the Municipal Social Welfare and Development (MSWD),
there are 631 out school youth in the Municipality and unfortunately only 161 of
them were sent to undergo Technical Skills Training to nearby institutions under
the Grassroots Participatory Budgeting and Planning Project of 2014.
Thus, within the context of the above details, developing a Preparatory
Enhancement Program of out of school youth is essential as it is set back on the
frameworks of the existing Programs of the Government such as the Technical
Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) and K to 12 and other
Grassroots Programs.
Anchored on the above premises as head teachers, there should be an
active involvement in the preparation of such programs because as the prime
movers in education they

have the capacity to prepare and propose

enhancement programs for out of school youth.

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Statement of the Problem
This study seeks to determine the involvement of head teachers in the
Preparatory Enhancement Program to help out of school youth in Mapandan,
Pangasinan,
Specifically, this study will seek tanswers to the following questions:
1) What is the profile of the Out- of-school Youths in Mapandan,
Pangasinan in terms of the following attributes?
A. Personal
1 Age,
2 Sex,
3 Civil Status, and
.4 Religious affiliations?
B. Economic
1. Average monthly income of parents,
2. Source of family income, and
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No. of siblings,

C. Education
1 highest education attended, and
2 Subjects of Interest?
2) What are the skills that can be harnessed and developed from the out of
school Youth of Mapandan to develop their
a. Technical skills
b. Mental skills, and
c. Social skills

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3)

What are the problems encountered by the Out- of-school Youth in going to
school to develop their technical, mental and social skills

4) What preparatory enhancement programs can be derived for the out of school
youth?
5) What is the degree of involvement of the head teachers in the preparatory
enhancement programs in terms of:
a) Planning
b) Organizing
c) Leading
d) Controlling

Scope and Delimitation

The study focused on the in the involvement of school teachers in
Preparatory Enhancement Program to help out of school youth through Skills
Program Mapandan, Pangasinan. The study will be done during the calendar
year 2015.
The profile of the Out- of-school Youth in Mapandan, Pangasinan in terms
of age, Sex, Civil Status, Religious affiliation Average daily income of parents,
Source of family income, number of siblings, highest education attended and
subjects of Interest will serve as independent variables.
While the skills of the OSYs in terms of mental, technical and social as well
as the problems encountered by the Out- of-school Youth in going to school,
served as dependent variables.

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The study will determine any preparatory enhancement programs can be
derived for the out of school youth as well as the degree of involvement of the
head teachers in the preparatory enhancement programs in terms of planning,
organizing, leading and controlling.

Significance of the Study

The researcher believed that the result of this study would benefit the
following.
Out of School Youth of Mapandan. Being the respondents under study.
They are the main recipients of the results of the study since the results could be
used as data in generating skills program for them and in formulating policies for
alleviate their situation.
Out of School Youth Parents. As giving education to their children is one
of the basic responsibilities of parents. This study could give significance to this
purpose.
Municipal Social Welfare and Development (MSWD).

The out-of-

school youth is one of the concerns of the MSWD, thus an institutionalized skills
program could help them along this area.
Head Teachers. The results of the study would assess the degree of
involvement of head teachers in the management of Preparatory Enhancement
Programs, which would lead to useful recommendations and findings that threy
could use and infer and refer to.

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Other Future Researchers. The findings of the study may serve as a
guide or reference to future researchers who would be working on a similar study
using different variables.

Definition of Terms
To facilitate understanding of this study, the following terms are hereby
defined operationally.
Involvement. In this study refers to the fact or condition of being involved
with or participating in the management of Preparatory Enhancement Program
.for OSYs.
Mental Skills. Anything that impacts your performance other than talent
and physical skills such as focus, confidence, motivation.
Mapandan. In this study refers to the municipality in the province of
Pangasinan. Located at the center part of the province bounded by Mangaldan in
the North, Sta. Barbara in the South, Urdaneta City in the East and Sta.Barbara
in the West.
Out of School Youth (OSY). It refers to the children ages 14 to 21 years
old who are not studying or are not entering into formal education.
Skills. In this study refers to the different abilities of the out-of school
youth which could be harnessed and developed in terms of metal, technical and
social.

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Social Skills. Refers to any skill facilitating interaction and communication
with others.
Technical Skills. Refers to the knowledge and abilities needed to
accomplish, specific tasks such as mathematical, engineering, scientific or
computer-related duties.
Preparatory Enhancement Program. In this study refers to an
educational Program or module that will harnessed and develop the particular
abilities of the out-of-school youth.