Chapter 8

8.
The Cooling Load

8.1
Describe a situation where the heat gain to the space is (a) greater than the
cooling load at a given time; (b) less than the cooling load at a given time; (c)
equal to the cooling load at a given time.
Answer:
Based on Fig. 8.2
(a) Heat gain to the space is greater than the cooling load at a given time at the
first half of the usage or operation.
(b) Heat gain to the space is less than the cooling load at a given time at the
second half of the usage or operation.
(c) Heat gain to the space is equal to the cooling load at a given time at the middle
of the usage or operation.
8.2
Southern coastal regions of the United States experience periods of very high
humidity. Explain how this might influence selection of design conditions.
Answer:
The very high humidity outside conditions influence the selection of inside design
condition through selection of desired room relative humidity not at the lowest side of
range that cause higher latent cooling load or a higher moisture content than indoor
design conditions but at the highest side of humidity range.
8.3
Determine the ASHRAE Standard 90.1 design conditions for the following
locations. Include the maximum outdoor temperature, the outdoor mean
coincident wet bulb temperature, the indoor dry bulb temperature, the relative
humidity, the elevation, and the latitude. (a) Washington, D.C., (b) San
Francisco, California, (c) Denver, Colorado, (d) Dallas, Texas.
Answer:
(a) Washington, D.C.
Maximum outdoor temperature = 95 F (35 C)
Outdoor mean coincident wet bulb temperature = 76 F (25 C)
Indoor dry bulb temperature = 75 F (24 C)
Relative humidity = 50 %
Elevation = 66 ft (20 m)
Latitude = 38.85 deg
(b) San Francisco, California
8. The Cooling Load

(c) Denver, Colorado
(d) Dallas, Texas
8.4
Determine the wall conduction transfer function coefficients for a wall

composed of 4 in. brick [k = 7 (Btu-in.)/(hr-ft2-F)], 1/2 in. plywood, 3 1/2 in.
mineral fiber insulation (R-11), and 1/2 in. gypsum board.
Solution:
Wall Layers (Table 5-4)
Layer
Brick
Plywood
Mineral fiber
insulation
(R-11)
Gypsum board
Thickness, in
Density, lb/ft3
4
0.5
130
34
Conductivity,
(Btu-in)/(hrft2-F)
7
0.8
3.5
1.2
0.3185
0.17
0.5
50
1.11
0.26
Specific Heat,
0.19
0.29
CTF Coefficients (From PRF/RTF Generator)
n
0
1
2
3
4
5
8.5
Xn ,
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
4.033132292
-4.890102268
0.893455637
-0.006945024
2.65956E-06
-1.59894E-10
Yn ,
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
0.001517739
0.017652429
0.010001789
0.000370798
6.21048E-07
4.86714E-11
Zn ,
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
0.623505633
-0.943189491
0.358387909
-0.009166607
5.90198E-06
-2.45933E-10
n
0
0.643204868
-0.017086206
1.3166E-05
-1.31644E-09
1.12031E-14
Change the insulation in Problem 8-4 to R-19, and determine the conduction
transfer function coefficients.
8. The Cooling Load
Solution:
Wall Layers (Table 5-4)
Layer
Thickness, in
Density, lb/ft3
4
0.5
130
34
Conductivity,
(Btu-in)/(hrft2-F)
7
0.8
1.2
0.3158
0.17
0.5
50
1.11
0.26
Brick
Plywood
Mineral fiber
insulation
(R-19)
Gypsum board
Specific Heat,
0.19
0.29
n
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8.6
Xn ,
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
4.033132964
-4.978563054
0.982856227
-0.019978162
8.14087E-05
-1.44779E-08
4.33848E-13
Yn ,
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
0.000387523
0.008315152
0.008091923
0.000729205
5.69043E-06
2.93347E-09
8.69125E-14
Zn ,
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
0.611908143
-0.968315133
0.388562266
-0.014736957
0.000111178
-3.98891E-08
6.47835E-13
n
0
0.66508466
-0.02728007
0.000228003
-9.35628E-08
4.13516E-12
-2.32896E-17
A roof is composed of asphalt roll roofing, 1/2 in. plywood, 3 1/2 in. mineral
fiber insulation (R-11), and 1/2 in. gypsum board. Determine the conduction
transfer function coefficients.
Solution:
Roof layers (Table 5-4)
Layer
Asphalt roll
roofing, C =
6.50 Btu/(hrft2-F)
Plywood
Mineral fiber
insulation
(R-11)
Gypsum board
Conductivity,
(Btu-in)/(hrft2-F)
Specific Heat,
Thickness, in
Density, lb/ft
--
70
--
0.36
0.5
34
0.8
0.29
3.5
1.2
0.3185
0.17
0.5
50
1.11
0.26
8. The Cooling Load

Xn ,
Yn ,
n
2
Btu/(h-ft -F)
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
0
0.479438185
0.046513387
1
-0.398071691
0.03488033
2
0.000215969
0.000188726
3
-1.13694E-08
4.98289E-09
4
5.74319E-16
2.39706E-17
8.7
Zn ,
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
0.623539389
-0.543490526
0.00153361
-3.36675E-08
1.43501E-15
n
0
0.003066927
-2.70423E-07
1.75447E-14
5.26759E-28
The roof of Problem 8-6 is changed to have a suspended ceiling with a 12 in.
air space above it. Determine the conduction transfer function coefficients.
Solution:
Layer
Asphalt roll
roofing, C =
6.50 Btu/(hrft2-F)
Air Space
R=0.93 (F-ft2hr)/Btu
Plywood
Mineral fiber
insulation
(R-11)
Gypsum board
Thickness, in
Density, lb/ft3
Conductivity,
(Btu-in)/(hrft2-F)
Specific Heat,
--
70
--
0.36
0.5
34
0.8
0.29
3.5
1.2
0.3185
0.17
0.5
50
1.11
0.26
12 >3.5

Xn ,
Yn ,
n
2
Btu/(h-ft -F)
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
0
0.373706533
0.026229879
1
-0.308505531
0.038174505
2
0.000527467
0.001323929
3
-4.88864E-08
8.3104E-08
4
4.50557E-15
1.14735E-15
8.8
Zn ,
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
0.623038586
-0.630432109
0.073124072
-2.15052E-06
1.54748E-13
n
0
0.136813194
-1.60845E-05
1.88841E-12
4.57357E-21
A roof is composed of asphalt roll roofing, 4 in. of 120 lb/ft3 limestone

concrete, 2 in. of expanded polystyrene, and 0.5 in. of acoustical tile.
Determine the conduction transfer function coefficients.
8. The Cooling Load

Solution:
Layer
Asphalt roll
roofing, C =
6.50 Btu/(hrft2-F)
Limestone
concrete
Expanded
Polystyrene
Acoustical
Tiles
Thickness,
in
Density,
lb/ft3
Conductivity,
(Btu-in)/(hrft2-F)
Specific
Heat,
Resistance,
F-ft2hr/Btu
--
70
--
0.36
0.153846
120
7.9
--
0.50633
1.0
0.36
0.29
--
0.5
--
0.40
0.31
1.25

Xn ,
Yn ,
n
2
Btu/(h-ft -F)
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
0
0.150349016
0.124281292
1
-0.016417239
0.009650483
2
3.30335E-12
1.13173E-12
8.9
Zn ,
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
0.146532186
-0.012600407
1.81747E-12
n
0
7.66193E-10
4.87108E-35
A wall has an incident solar radiation of 300 Btu/(hr-ft2), an outside air

temperature of 95 F, and an outside wind speed of 15 mph. The wall has a
solar absorptivity of 0.8, a thermal emissivity of 0.9, negligible thermal mass,
an outside-surface-to-inside-surface U-factor of 0.1 Btu/(hr-ft2-F), and an
inside surface temperature of 72 F. Determine the conduction heat flux for
each hour.
Given:
Incident solar radiation, Gt = 300 Btu/(hr-ft2)
Outside air temperature, to = 95 F
Inside surface temperature, tis , j , = 72 F
Solar absorptivity = = 0.8
Thermal emissivity = = 0.9
Outside-surface-to-inside-surface U-factor , U = 0.1 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
Outside wind speed = 15 mph
Required:
Conduction heat flux for each hour = qconduction

, out , j ,
Solution:
Eq. 8-24
8. The Cooling Load
tos , j , =
Utis , j , + Gt + hc to + hr g t g + hr sky t sky

U + hc + hr g + hr sky
t sky = t0 - 10.8 F = 95 F 10.8 F = 84.2 F
[ ( 2 )]t + [1 cos( 2 )]t
t sky , = cos
sky
= 90
t sky , = cos 90 (84.2) + 1 cos 90 (95) = 87.36 F
2
2
[ ( )]
( )]
Assume tos , j , = 150 F

Eq. 8-13. hc =
[C (t ) ] + [aV ]
1
b 2
o
Ct = 0.096 Btu/(hr-ft2-F4/3)
a = 0.203 Btu/(hr-ft2-F-mph)
b = 0.89
] [
2
0.89 2
hc = 0.096(150 95) 3 + 0.203(15)

Eq. 8-17 and 8-18.
Fs g (t g4 t os4 , j , )
hr g =
t g t os , j ,
= 2.28985723 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
4
Fs sky (t sky
tos4 , j , )
hr sky =
t sky t os , j ,
Fs g = Fs sky = 0.5
= 0.1714 108 Btu/(hr-ft2-R4)

t g = 95 + 459.67 = 554.67
t sky = 87.36 + 459.67 = 547.03
tos , j , = 150 + 459.67 = 609.67
0.5(554.67 4 609.67 4 )
hr g = (0.9)(0.1714 10 8 )
554.67 609.67
hr g = 0.61009964 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.5(547.034 609.67 4 )
hr sky = (0.9)(0.1714 10 8 )
547.03 609.67
hr sky = 0.59858705 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
tos , j , =
tos , j ,
(0.1)(72) + (0.8)(300) + (2.28985723)(95) + (0.61009964)(95) + (0.59858705)(87.36)
=
0.1 + 2.28985723 + 0.61009964 + 0.59858705
tos , j , = 159.783646 F
By further trial and error.

tos , j , = 159.163625 F
8. The Cooling Load
hc =
[0.096(159.163625 95) ] + [0.203(15) ] = 2.293004 Btu/(hr-ft -F)

1
0.89 2
tos , j , = 159.163625 + 459.67 = 618.833625
hr g
hr g
0.5(554.67 4 618.8336254 )
= (0.9)(0.1714 10 )
554.67 618.833625
= 0.625091 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
8
0.5(547.034 618.8336254 )
hr sky = (0.9)(0.1714 10 8 )
547.03 618.833625
hr sky = 0.613452 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
tos , j , =
tos , j ,
tos , j ,
(0.1)(72) + (0.8)(300) + (2.293004)(95) + (0.625091)(95) + (0.613452)(87.36)
=
0.1 + 2.293004 + 0.625091 + 0.613452
F
= 159.163625
qconduction
= U (t os , j , tis , j , ) = 0.1(159.163625 72 ) = 8.716363 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, out , j ,
qconvection
= hc (t o tos , ) = 2.29286725(95 159.1636625) = 147.127450 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, out , j ,
,out , j , = Gt = 0.8(300 ) = 240 Btu/(hr-ft2)
qsolar
qradiation
= hr g (t g t os , j , ) + hr sky (t sky tos , j , )
, j ,
qradiation
= 0.625091(95 159.163625) + 0.613452(87.36 159.163625)
, j ,
qradiation
= 84.156187 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, j ,
To check:
,out , j , + qconvection
qconduction
= qsolar
+ qradiation
, out , j ,
, out , j ,
, j ,
8.716363 = 240 147.127450 84.156187
8.716363 = 8.716363
Therefore:

= 8.716363 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, out , j ,
8.10
Compute the solar irradiation for a west-facing wall in Amarillo, Texas, for
each hour of the day on July 21. Assume 0.4 percent outdoor design
conditions. The wall has a solar absorptivity of 0.8, a thermal emissivity of
0.9, negligible thermal mass, an outside-surface-to-inside-surface U-factor of
0.1 Btu/(hr-ft2-F), and an inside surface temperature of 72 F. Determine the
conduction heat flux for each hour.
Solution: Table B-1a, Amarillo, Texas, Latitude = 35.23 deg, Longitude = 101.70 deg
Dry bulb at 0.4 percent = 96 F, DR = 23.3 F, wind speed = 15 mph
From Table 6-1, July 21, d = 20.6 deg
A = 346.6 Btu/hr-ft2, B = 0.186, C = 0.138
l = 35.23 deg
8. The Cooling Load

For west-facing wall, = 90 deg
Afternoon hours, walls facing west of south, =| |
Morning hours, walls facing west of south, =| + |
Since = 90 deg, > 90, it is in shade.
Therefore, from sunrise (6:00 A.M. LST) noon (12:00 NOON LST)
GD = 0
Gd = Gd = CGND Fws
and from noon (12:00 NOON LST) sunset (6:00 P.M. LST)
GD = GND cos
Gd = Gd = CGND Fws
l = 35.23 deg, d = 20.6 deg
Then,
= sin 1 (cos 35.23 cos h cos 20.6 + sin 35.23 sin 20.6)
sin sin l sin d
sin sin 35.23 sin 20.6
= cos 1
cos cos 35.23

cos cos l
=| |=| 90 |
= cos 1
For vertical surface

= cos 1 (cos cos )
A
346.6
GND =
=
exp 0.186
exp B
sin
sin
Direct normal solar radiation

GD = GND cos
Diffuse solar radiation
Gd = CGND Fws
1 + cos
Fws =
2
=
=
90
deg
1+ cos 90
Fws =
= 0.5
2
Gd = CGND Fws = (0.138)GND (0.5) = 0.069GND
h:
h , morning = [12 : 00 (TIME )](15)
h , afternoon = (TIME )(15)
8. The Cooling Load
Spreadsheet (Solar Irradiation), neglecting energy reflected onto the surface.

TIME
6:00 A.M.
7:00 A.M.
8:00 A.M.
9:00 A.M.
10:00 A.M.
11:00 A.M.
12:00 NOON
1:00 P.M.
2:00 P.M.
3:00 P.M.
4:00 P.M.
5:00 P.M.
6:00 P.M.
h
90
75
60
45
30
15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
11.71
23.63
35.82
48.04
59.90
70.31
75.37
70.31
59.90
48.04
35.82
23.63
11.71
107.07
99.27
91.23
81.88
68.94
45.97
0.00
45.97
68.94
81.88
91.23
99.27
107.07
IN SHADE
IN SHADE
IN SHADE
IN SHADE
IN SHADE
IN SHADE
90.00
44.03
21.06
8.12
1.23
9.27
17.07
IN SHADE
IN SHADE
IN SHADE
IN SHADE
IN SHADE
IN SHADE
90.00
75.98
62.09
48.56
35.84
25.29
20.60
GND
GD
Gd
285.98
284.47
279.55
269.90
252.24
217.93
138.62
0.00
68.92
130.84
178.64
204.48
197.04
129.76
19.73 19.73
19.63 88.55
19.29 150.13
18.62 197.27
17.40 221.88
15.04 212.08
9.56 139.32
For conduction heat flux for each hour = qconduction

, out , j ,
t o = t d DR( X )
Tabulation of Outside Temperature (Equation 8.2, and Table 81)
TIME
X
6:00
A.M.
0.98
7:00
A.M.
0.93
8:00
A.M.
0.84
9:00
A.M.
0.71
10:00
A.M.
0.56
11:00
A.M.
0.39
12:00
NOON
0.23
1:00
P.M.
0.11
2:00
P.M.
0.03
3:00
P.M.
0.00
4:00
P.M.
0.03
5:00
P.M.
0.10
6:00
P.M.
0.21
For 4:00 P.M., Gt = 221.88 Btu/(hr-ft2)
Eq. 8-24
Ut
+ Gt + hc to + hr g t g + hr sky t sky
tos , j , = is , j ,
t sky = t0 - 10.8 F = 95.3 F 10.8 F = 84.5 F
[ ( 2 )]t + [1 cos( 2 )]t
t sky , = cos
sky
= 90
t sky , = cos 90 (84.5) + 1 cos 90 (95.3) = 87.66325 F
2
2
[ ( )]
( )]
Gt
to
73.17
74.33
76.43
79.46
82.95
86.91
90.64
93.44
95.30
96.00
95.30
93.67
91.11
8. The Cooling Load
Eq. 8-13. hc =
[C (t ) ] + [aV ]
1
b 2
o
Ct = 0.096 Btu/(hr-ft2-F4/3)
b = 0.89
] [
2
0.89 2
hc = 0.096(150 95.3) 3 + 0.203(15)

Eq. 8-17 and 8-18.
Fs g (t g4 t os4 , j , )
hr g =
t g t os , j ,
= 2.2897513 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
4
Fs sky (t sky
tos4 , j , )
hr sky =
t sky t os , j ,
Fs g = Fs sky = 0.5
= 0.1714 108 Btu/(hr-ft2-R4)

t g = 95.3 + 459.67 = 554.97
t sky = 87.66325 + 459.67 = 547.33325
tos , j , = 150 + 459.67 = 609.67
0.5(554.97 4 609.67 4 )
hr g = (0.9)(0.1714 10 8 )
554.97 609.67
hr g = 0.61055587 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.5(547.333254 609.67 4 )
hr sky = (0.9)(0.1714 10 8 )
547.33325 609.67
hr sky = 0.59904013 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
tos , j , =
tos , j ,
(0.1)(72) + (0.8)(221.88) + (2.2897513)(95.3) + (0.61055587 )(95.3) + (0.59904013)(87.66325)
=
0.1 + 2.2897513 + 0.61055587 + 0.59904013
tos , j , = 142.697282 F

tos , j , = 143.04919 F
hc =
[0.096(143.04919 95.3) ] + [0.203(15) ] = 2.28723809 Btu/(hr-ft -F)

1
0.89 2
tos , j , = 143.04919 + 459.67 = 602.71919
0.5(554.97 4 602.71919 4 )
hr g = (0.9)(0.1714 10 8 )
554.97 602.71919
hr g = 0.59938718 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.5(547.333254 602.71919 4 )
hr sky = (0.9)(0.1714 10 8 )
547.33325 602.71919
hr sky = 0.58796622 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
8. The Cooling Load
tos , j , =
tos , j ,
(0.1)(72) + (0.8)(221.88) + (2.28723809)(95.3) + (0.59938718)(95.3) + (0.58796622)(87.66325)
=
0.1 + 2.28723809 + 0.59938718 + 0.58796622
tos , j , = 143.04919 F
qconduction
, out , j ,
qconvection
= hc (to t os , ) = 2.28723809(95.3 143.04919 ) = 109.213766 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, out , j ,
,out , j , = Gt = 0.8(221.88) = 177.504 Btu/(hr-ft2)
qsolar
qradiation
, j ,
qradiation
= 0.59938718(95.3 143.04919 ) + 0.58796622(87.66325 143.04919 )
, j ,
qradiation
= 61.185316 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, j ,
To check:
qconduction
= qsolar
+ qradiation
, out , j ,
, out , j ,
, j ,
7.104919 = 177.504 109.213766 61.185316
7.104919 = 7.104919
Therefore:

= 7.104919 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, out , j ,
Tabulation of conduction heat flux for each hour:

,out , j , qconvection
tos , j ,
qsolar
TIME
Gt
, out , j ,
6:00 A.M.
72.08
0
2.477187
7:00 A.M.
73.20
0
2.568034
8:00 A.M.
75.22
0
2.731785
9:00 A.M.
78.15
0
2.966431
10:00 A.M.
81.52
0
3.234314
11:00 A.M.
85.15
0
3.535165
12:00 NOON 19.73
93.60
15.784 -6.707806
1:00 P.M. 88.55
112.10
70.84 -42.438980
2:00 P.M. 150.13 127.53 120.104 -73.530403
3:00 P.M. 197.27 138.41 157.816 -96.91230
4:00 P.M. 221.88 143.05 177.504 -109.213766
5:00 P.M. 212.08 139.50 169.664 -104.799653
6:00 P.M. 139.32 121.31 111.456 -68.872965
8.11
qradiation
, j ,
qconduction
, out , j ,
-2.469665
-2.448524
-2.409507
-2.351515
-2.282226
-2.200360
-6.916013
-24.391456
-41.020163
-54.262842
-61.185316
-58.113987
-37.651621
0.007522
0.119510
0.322278
0.615916
0.952088
1.334805
2.160181
4.009564
5.553434
6.640828
7.104919
6.750360
4.931413
Compute the solar irradiation for a south-facing wall in Billings, Montana, for
conditions. The wall has a solar absorptivity of 0.9, a thermal emissivity of
0.9, negligible thermal mass, and outside-surface-to-inside-surface U-factor of
0.1 Btu/(hr-ft2-F), and an inside surface temperature of 72 F. Determine the
conduction heat flux for each hour.
8. The Cooling Load
Solution: Table B-1a, Billings, Montana, Latitude = 45.80 deg, Longitude = 108.53
deg
Dry bulb at 0.4 percent = 93 F, , DR = 25.8 F, wind speed = 10 mph
A = 346.6 Btu/hr-ft2, B = 0.186, C = 0.138
l = 45.80 deg
For south-facing wall, = 0 deg
Afternoon hours, walls facing west of south, =
Morning hours, walls facing west of south, =
Therefore,
GD = GND cos = 0
Gd = Gd = CGND Fws
l = 45.80 deg, d = 20.6 deg
Then,
sin sin l sin d
sin sin 45.80 sin 20.6
= cos 1
cos cos 45.80

cos cos l
= cos 1
=
For vertical surface

= cos 1 (cos cos )
A
346.6
GND =
=
exp 0.186
exp B
sin
sin
Direct normal solar radiation

GD = GND cos
Diffuse solar radiation
Gd = CGND Fws
1 + cos
Fws =
2
=
=
90
deg
1+ cos 90
Fws =
= 0.5
2
Gd = CGND Fws = (0.138)GND (0.5) = 0.069GND
h:
h , morning = [12 : 00 (TIME )](15)
h , afternoon = (TIME )(15)
8. The Cooling Load
Spreadsheet (Solar Irradiation), neglecting energy reflected onto the surface.

h
TIME
6:00 A.M. 90 14.61 104.68

7:00 A.M. 75 24.91 94.53
8:00 A.M. 60 35.35 83.65
9:00 A.M. 45 45.54 70.90
10:00 A.M. 30 54.83 54.34
11:00 A.M. 15 61.96 31.02
12:00 NOON 0 64.80 0.00
1:00 P.M. 15 61.96 31.02
2:00 P.M. 30 54.83 54.34
3:00 P.M. 45 45.54 70.90
4:00 P.M. 60 35.35 83.65
5:00 P.M. 75 24.91 94.53
6:00 P.M. 90 14.61 104.68
14.68
4.53
6.35
19.10
35.66
58.98
90.00
58.98
35.66
19.10
6.35
4.53
14.68
20.60
25.29
35.84
48.56
62.09
75.98
90.00
75.98
62.09
48.56
35.84
25.29
20.60
GND GD
Gd
Gt
165.80 155.20 11.44 166.64
222.85 201.50 15.38 216.87
251.31 203.72 17.34 221.06
267.08 176.78 18.43 195.21
276.06 129.20 19.05 148.25
280.74 68.01 19.37 87.39
282.20 0.00 19.47 19.47
280.74 68.01 19.37 87.39
276.06 129.20 19.05 148.25
267.08 176.78 18.43 195.21
251.31 203.72 17.34 221.06
222.85 201.50 15.38 216.87
165.80 155.20 11.44 166.64
For conduction heat flux for each hour = qconduction

, out , j ,
t o = t d DR( X )
Tabulation of Outside Temperature (Equation 8.2, and Table 81
TIME
X
6:00
A.M.
0.98
7:00
A.M.
0.93
8:00
A.M.
0.84
9:00
A.M.
0.71
10:00
A.M.
0.56
11:00
A.M.
0.39
12:00
NOON
0.23
1:00
P.M.
0.11
2:00
P.M.
0.03
3:00
P.M.
0.00
4:00
P.M.
0.03
5:00
P.M.
0.10
6:00
P.M.
0.21
.
For 4:00 P.M., Gt = 221.06 Btu/(hr-ft2)
Eq. 8-24
Ut
+ Gt + hc to + hr g t g + hr sky t sky
tos , j , = is , j ,
t sky = t0 - 10.8 F = 92.23 F 10.8 F = 81.43 F
[ ( 2 )]t + [1 cos( 2 )]t
t sky , = cos
= 90
sky
to
67.72
69.01
71.33
74.68
78.55
82.94
87.07
90.16
92.23
93.00
92.23
90.42
87.58
8. The Cooling Load
[ ( 2 )](81.43) + [1 cos(90 2 )](92.23) = 84.59325 F
t sky , = cos 90

Eq. 8-13. hc =
[C (t ) ] + [aV ]
1
b 2
o
Ct = 0.096 Btu/(hr-ft2-F4/3)
b = 0.89
] [
2
0.89 2
hc = 0.096(150 92.23) 3 + 0.203(10 )

Eq. 8-17 and 8-18.
Fs g (t g4 t os4 , j , )
hr g =
t g t os , j ,
= 1.61889226 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
4
Fs sky (t sky
tos4 , j , )
hr sky =
t sky t os , j ,
Fs g = Fs sky = 0.5
= 0.1714 108 Btu/(hr-ft2-R4)

t g = 92.23 + 459.67 = 551.9
t sky = 84.59325 + 459.67 = 544.26325
tos , j , = 150 + 459.67 = 609.67
0.5(551.9 4 609.67 4 )
hr g = (0.9)(0.1714 10 8 )
551.9 609.67
hr g = 0.60590202 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.5(544.263254 609.67 4 )
hr sky = (0.9)(0.1714 10 8 )
544.26325 609.67
hr sky = 0.59446797 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
tos , j , =
tos , j , =

(0.1)(72) + (0.9)(221.06) + (1.61889226)(92.23) + (0.60590202)(92.23) + (0.59446797 )(84.59325)

0.1 + 1.61889226 + 0.60590202 + 0.59446797
tos , j , = 158.134046 F

tos , j , = 157.480121 F
hc =
[0.096(157.480121 92.23) ] + [0.203(10) ] = 1.62248507 Btu/(hr-ft -F)

1
tos , j , = 157.480121 + 459.67 = 617.150121
0.89 2
8. The Cooling Load
0.5(551.94 617.1501214 )
hr g = (0.9)(0.1714 10 8 )
551.9 617.150121
hr g = 0.61807841 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.5(544.263254 617.1501214 )
hr sky = (0.9)(0.1714 10 8 )
544.26325 617.150121
hr sky = 0.60654201 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
tos , j , =
tos , j ,
(0.1)(72) + (0.9)(221.06) + (1.62248507 )(92.23) + (0.61807841)(92.23) + (0.60654201)(84.59325)
=
0.1 + 1.62248507 + 0.61807841 + 0.60654201
tos , j , = 157.480121 F
qconduction
, out , j ,
qconvection
= hc (to tos , ) = 1.62248507(92.23 157.480121) = 105.867347 Btu/(hr, out , j ,
2
ft )
,out , j , = Gt = 0.9(221.06 ) = 198.954 Btu/(hr-ft2)
qsolar
qradiation
, j ,
qradiation
= 0.61807841(92.23 157.480121) + 0.60654201(84.59325 157.480121)
, j ,
qradiation
= 84.538642 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, j ,
To check:
qconduction
= qsolar
+ qradiation
, out , j ,
, out , j ,
, j ,
8.548012 = 198.954 105.867345 84.538642
8.548012 = 8.548012
Therefore:

= 8.548012 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, out , j ,
Tabulation of conduction heat flux for each hour:
,out , j , qconvection
tos , j ,
qsolar
qradiation
qconduction
TIME
Gt
, out , j ,
, j ,
, out , j ,
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
A.M.
A.M.
A.M.
A.M.
A.M.
A.M.
NOON
P.M.
P.M.
P.M.
P.M.
P.M.
P.M.
166.64
216.87
221.06
195.21
148.25
87.39
19.47
87.39
148.25
195.21
221.06
216.87
166.64
120.84
136.96
140.11
135.33
124.59
109.68
91.60
116.21
136.50
150.80
157.48
154.79
137.89
149.976
195.183
198.954
175.689
133.425
78.651
17.523
78.651
133.425
175.689
198.954
195.183
149.976
-85.868752
-110.328147
-111.704987
-98.265984
-74.261154
-42.827019
-7.170045
-41.715251
-71.354780
-93.580228
-105.867345
-104.412162
-81.265660
-59.223479
-78.359179
-80.438172
-71.090310
-53.904671
-32.056161
-8.393234
-32.514620
-55.620633
-74.228323
-84.538642
-82.491867
-62.120863
4.883770
6.495674
6.810840
6.332707
5.259174
3.767820
1.959722
4.421129
6.449588
7.880448
8.548012
8.278971
6.589477
8. The Cooling Load
8.12
For the wall described in Problem 8-4, with an outside surface temperature
profile given by Table 8-4 and a constant inside surface temperature of 70 F,
determine the inside conduction heat flux for each hour.
Solution:
Nz
Ny
Nq
n =1
n =1
n =1
qconduction
, in , j , = Z 0 t is , j , Z n t is , j , n + Y0 t os , j , + Yn t os , j , n + n qconduction ,in , j , n
Table 8-4 Exterior Surface Temperatures for Example 8-2
tos , j , , F
Hour
Hour
1
79.55
13
2
77.80
14
3
76.40
15
4
75.35
16
5
75.00
17
6
75.70
18
7
77.45
19
8
80.60
20
9
85.15
21
10
90.40
22
11
96.35
23
12
101.95
24
tos , j , , F
106.15
108.95
110.00
108.95
106.50
102.65
98.10
93.55
89.70
86.20
83.40
81.30

n
0
1
2
3
4
5
Xn ,
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
4.033132292
-4.890102268
0.893455637
-0.006945024
2.65956E-06
-1.59894E-10
Yn ,
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
0.001517739
0.017652429
0.010001789
0.000370798
6.21048E-07
4.86714E-11
Zn ,
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
0.623505633
-0.943189491
0.358387909
-0.009166607
5.90198E-06
-2.45933E-10
n
0
0.643204868
-0.017086206
1.3166E-05
-1.31644E-09
1.12031E-14
For the first hour,
(
)
qconduction
, in , j ,1 = Z 0 t is , j ,1 Z1t is , j , 24 + Z 2 t is , j , 23 + Z 3t is , j , 22 + Z 4 t is , j , 21 + Z 5 t is , j , 20
+ Y0t os , j ,1 + (Y1t os , j , 24 + Y2t os , j , 23 + Y3t os , j , 22 + Y4t os , j , 21 + Y5tos , j , 20 )
)
+ (1qconduction
,in , j , 24 + 2 qconduction ,in , j , 23 + 3 qconduction ,in , j , 22 + 4 qconduction ,in , j , 21 + 5 qconduction ,in , j , 20
8. The Cooling Load

( 0.943189491)(70 ) + (0.358387909 )(70 )
qconduction
= (0.623505633)(70 ) + ( 0.009166607 )(70 ) + (5.90198 10 6 )(70 )
, in , j ,1
+ (2.45933 10 10 )(70 )
(0.017652429 )(81.30 ) + (0.010001789 )(83.4 )
7
+ (0.001517739 )(79.55) + + (0.000370798)(86.20 ) + (6.21048 10 )(89.70 )
+ (4.86714 10 11 )(93.55)
(0.643204868)(0 ) + ( 0.017086206 )(0 ) + (1.3166 10 5 )(0 )

+
= 0.354012
9
14
+ ( 1.31644 10 )(0 ) + (1.12031 10 )(0 )
Repeating the process for four days. See Table.

Table. Interior Surface Heat Flux for Exercise 8.12.
Heat Flux, (Btu/(h-ft2)
Hours
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
1
0.354012
1.327263
1.327271
2
0.526122
1.125464
1.12547
3
0.579476
0.948367
0.94837
4
0.566396
0.793441
0.793443
5
0.523356
0.663097
0.663098
6
0.479758
0.565766
0.565766
7
0.463573
0.516509
0.516509
8
0.49645
0.529031
0.529031
9
0.598146
0.618199
0.618199
10
0.783437
0.79578
0.79578
11
1.049264
1.05686
1.05686
12
1.384809
1.389485
1.389485
13
1.762783
1.76566
1.76566
14
2.136777
2.138548
2.138548
15
2.465986
2.467076
2.467076
16
2.717857
2.718528
2.718528
17
2.863531
2.863944
2.863944
18
2.893727
2.893982
2.893982
19
2.810904
2.81106
2.81106
20
2.630477
2.630573
2.630573
21
2.382741
2.382801
2.382801
22
2.106007
2.106044
2.106044
23
1.826011
1.826033
1.826033
24
1.56159
1.561604
1.561604
8.13
Day 4
1.327271
1.12547
0.94837
0.793443
0.663098
0.565766
0.516509
0.529031
0.618199
0.79578
1.05686
1.389485
1.76566
2.138548
2.467076
2.718528
2.863944
2.893982
2.81106
2.630573
2.382801
2.106044
1.826033
1.561604
For the wall described in Problem 8-5, with an outside surface temperature
profile given by Table 8-4 and a constant inside surface temperature of 70 F,
determine the inside conduction heat flux for each hour.
Solution:
8. The Cooling Load

Nz
Ny
Nq
n =1
n =1
n =1
qconduction
, in , j , = Z 0 t is , j , Z n t is , j , n + Y0 t os , j , + Yn t os , j , n + n qconduction ,in , j , n
Table 8-4 Exterior Surface Temperatures for Example 8-2
tos , j , , F
Hour
Hour
1
79.55
13
2
77.80
14
3
76.40
15
4
75.35
16
5
75.00
17
6
75.70
18
7
77.45
19
8
80.60
20
9
85.15
21
10
90.40
22
11
96.35
23
12
101.95
24
tos , j , , F
106.15
108.95
110.00
108.95
106.50
102.65
98.10
93.55
89.70
86.20
83.40
81.30

n
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Xn ,
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
4.033132964
-4.978563054
0.982856227
-0.019978162
8.14087E-05
-1.44779E-08
4.33848E-13
Yn ,
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
0.000387523
0.008315152
0.008091923
0.000729205
5.69043E-06
2.93347E-09
8.69125E-14
Zn ,
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
0.611908143
-0.968315133
0.388562266
-0.014736957
0.000111178
-3.98891E-08
6.47835E-13
n
0
0.66508466
-0.02728007
0.000228003
-9.35628E-08
4.13516E-12
-2.32896E-17
For the first hour,
qconduction
= Z 0 tis , j ,1 (Z1tis , j , 24 + Z 2 tis , j , 23 + Z 3tis , j , 22 + Z 4 tis , j , 21 + Z 5tis , j , 20 + Z 6tis , j ,19 )
, in , j ,1
+ Y0t os , j ,1 + (Y1tos , j , 24 + Y2 tos , j , 23 + Y3tos , j , 22 + Y4 tos , j , 21 + Y5t os , j , 20 + Y6t os , j ,19 )
+ 2 qconduction
+ 3 qconduction
+ 4 qconduction
1qconduction
, in , j , 24
, in , j , 23
, in , j , 22
, in , j , 21
q
+
q
5
conduction
,
in
,
j
,
20
6
conduction
,
in
,
j
,
19
( 0.968315133)(70) + (0.388562266)(70)
(
)( ) (
)( ) (
)( )
qconduction
,in , j ,1 = 0.611908143 70 + 0.014736957 70 + 0.000111178 70
+ ( 3.9889110 8 )(70) + (6.47835 1013 )(70)
(0.008315152)(81.30) + (0.008091923)(83.4)
6
+ (0.000387523)(79.55) + + (0.000729205)(86.20) + (5.69043 10 )(89.70 )
+ (2.93347 10 9 )(93.55) + (8.69125 10 14 )(98.10)
(0.66508466)(0) + ( 0.02728007 )(0) + (0.000228003)(0)
+
= 0.218022
8
12
17
+ ( 9.35628 10 )(0) + (4.13516 10 )(0) + ( 2.32896 10 )(0)
8. The Cooling Load
Repeating the process for four days. See Table.

Table. Interior Surface Heat Flux for Exercise 8.12.
Heat Flux, (Btu/(h-ft2)
Hours
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
1
0.218022
0.851033
0.85104
2
0.32874
0.722758
0.722762
3
0.365628
0.610642
0.610645
4
0.359693
0.512044
0.512046
5
0.333284
0.428016
0.428017
6
0.303724
0.362628
0.362629
7
0.287675
0.324302
0.324303
8
0.298978
0.321752
0.321753
9
0.349551
0.363712
0.363712
10
0.449513
0.458318
0.458318
11
0.599704
0.605179
0.605179
12
0.794342
0.797747
0.797747
13
1.019912
1.022029
1.022029
14
1.250352
1.251669
1.251669
15
1.459298
1.460116
1.460116
16
1.626105
1.626614
1.626614
17
1.732281
1.732597
1.732597
18
1.768815
1.769011
1.769011
19
1.735893
1.736015
1.736015
20
1.640481
1.640557
1.640557
21
1.498965
1.499012
1.499012
22
1.333912
1.333942
1.333942
23
1.163292
1.16331
1.16331
24
0.999033
0.999045
0.999045
8.14
Day 4
0.85104
0.722762
0.610645
0.512046
0.428017
0.362629
0.324303
0.321753
0.363712
0.458318
0.605179
0.797747
1.022029
1.251669
1.460116
1.626614
1.732597
1.769011
1.736015
1.640557
1.499012
1.333942
1.16331
0.999045
On a warm sunny day, the metal surface of the roof of a car can become quite
hot. If the roof of the car has 310 Btu/(hr-ft2) total solar radiation incident on
it, the outdoor air temperature is 90 F, and the windspeed is 6 mph, estimate
the maximum possible surface temperature. Assume the solar absorptivity and
thermal emissivity are both 0.9.
Solution:
Gt = 310 Btu/(hr-ft2)
Vo = 6 mph
= = 0.90
qconduction
= qsolar
+ qradiation
, out , j ,
, out , j ,
, j ,
For metal surface, t os , j , = tis , j ,
Then
qconduction
= U (t os , j , tis , j , ) = 0
, out , j ,
,out , j , = Gt = 0.9(310 ) = 279 Btu/(hr-ft2)
qsolar
qradiation
, j ,
8. The Cooling Load

hr g = 0 , because the horizontal roof has no view to the ground.
qradiation
= hr sky (t sky t os , j , )
, j ,
By trial and error, try tos , j , = 150 F

t sky = t0 - 10.8 F = 90 F 10.8 F = 79.2 F
Eq. 8-13. hc =
[C (t ) ] + [aV ]
1
b 2
o
Ct = 0.096 Btu/(hr-ft2-F4/3)
b = 0.89
] [
0.89 2
hc = 0.096(150 90 ) 3 + 0.203(6 )
= 1.06840041 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
qconvection
= hc (to tos , ) = 1.06840041(90 150 ) = 64.1040246 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, out , j ,
F (t 4 t 4 )
hr sky = s sky sky os , j ,
t sky t os , j ,
Fs sky = 1
hr sky
hr sky
1.0(538.87 4 609.67 4 )
= (0.9)(0.1714 10 )
538.87 609.67
= 1.17302931 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
8
qradiation
= hr sky (t sky tos , j , ) = 1.17302931(79.2 150 ) = 83.05047482 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, j ,
qconduction
= qsolar
+ qradiation
, out , j ,
, out , j ,
, j ,
qconduction
= 279 64.1040246 83.05047482 = 131.8455006 > 0
, out , j ,
Try again, so that qconduction

=0
, out , j ,
tos , j , = 198.588261 F
t sky = t0 - 10.8 F = 90 F 10.8 F = 79.2 F
] [
2
0.89 2
hc = 0.096(198.588261 90 ) 3 + 0.203(6 )
= 1.09999879 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
qconvection
= hc (to tos , ) = 1.09999879(90 198.588261) = 119.4469552 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, out , j ,
F (t 4 t 4 )
hr sky = s sky sky os , j ,
t sky t os , j ,
4
4
8 1.0(538.87 658.258261 )
hr sky = (0.9)(0.1714 10 )
538.87 658.258261
hr sky = 1.33642155 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
qradiation
= hr sky (t sky tos , j , ) = 1.33642155(79.2 198.588261) = 159.553045 Btu/(hr, j ,
2
ft )
qconduction
= qsolar
+ qradiation
, out , j ,
, out , j ,
, j ,
qconduction
= 279 119.4469552 159.553045 = 0.000000
, out , j ,
Therefore
8. The Cooling Load

tos , j , = 198.59 F
8.15
Determine the transmitted direct and diffuse solar radiation through a 100 ft2
double-pane window with shading coefficient 0.8 for 3 P.M. on July 21 in
Amarillo, Texas.
Solution:
For Amarillo, Texas, 3 P.M. on July 21, refer to Prob. 8-10.
G D = 178.64 Btu/(hr-ft2), Gd = 18.62 Btu/(hr-ft2), = 48.56 deg
Use Equation with a shading coefficient.
5
TSHGDirect = (SC )GD t j [cos ]
j =0
or q& Direct = ASL (SC )GD t j [cos ]
j =0
5
TSHGdiffuse = (SC )2Gd
j =0
5
or q& diffuse = A(SC )2Gd
j =0
tj
j+2
tj
j+2
Table 6-2:
j tj
0
1
2
3
4
5
-0.00885
2.71235
-0.62062
-7.07329
9.75995
-3.89922
Transmitted direct solar radiation:

0.00885 + 2.71235 cos 48.56 0.62062(cos 48.56 )2
q& Direct = 100(0.8)(178.64 )
3
4
5
7.07329(cos 48.56 ) + 9.75995(cos 48.56 ) 3.89922(cos 48.56 )
q& Direct = 12,023.87 Btu/hr
Transmitted diffuse solar radiation:
0.00885 2.71235 0.62062 7.07329 9.75995 3.89922
q& diffuse = 100(0.8)(2 )(18.62 )
+
2
3
4
5
6
7
&qdiffuse = 1190.207 Btu/hr

8.16
Billings, Montana .
Solution:
For Billings, Montana, 3 P.M. on July 21, refer to Prob. 8-11.
GD = 176.78 Btu/(hr-ft2), Gd = 18.43 Btu/(hr-ft2), = 48.56 deg
8. The Cooling Load

5
j =0
j =0
5
j =0
5
j =0
tj
j+2
tj
j+2
Table 6-2:
j tj
0
1
2
3
4
5
-0.00885
2.71235
-0.62062
-7.07329
9.75995
-3.89922

0.00885 + 2.71235 cos 48.56 0.62062(cos 48.56 )2
q& Direct = 100(0.8)(176.78)
3
4
5
7.07329(cos 48.56 ) + 9.75995(cos 48.56 ) 3.89922(cos 48.56 )
0.00885 2.71235 0.62062 7.07329 9.75995 3.89922
q& diffuse = 100(0.8)(2 )(18.43)
+
2
3
4
5
6
7
&qdiffuse = 1178.062 Btu/hr

8.17
A large office space has an average occupancy of 20 people from 8:00 A.M. to
5:00 P.M. Lighting is 2.5 W/ft2 of recessed, unvented fluorescent fixtures on
from 8:00 A.M. to 6:00 P.M. Computers, photocopiers, fax machines, etc.
create a heat gain of 1 W/ft2. Compute the sensible and latent heat gain at 4:00
P.M. for the space, assuming a floor area of 4000 ft2. For the sensible heat
gain, estimate the radiative and convective portions.
Solution:
For 20 people occupant:
Sensible Heat = 20(73) = 1460 W
Latent Heat = 20(59) = 1180 W
Lighting Load:
q& = WFu Fs
W = 2.5(4000) = 10,000 W
Fu = 1.0
8. The Cooling Load
Fs = 1.2
q& = (10,000)(1.0)(1.2) = 12,000 W
Miscellaneous Equipment:
q& = CPFl Fu
C = 1.0 W/W
Fl = 1.0
Fu = 1.0
P = (1.0)(4000) = 4000 W
q& = (1.0)(4000)(1.0 )(1.0) = 4000 W
Tabulation: (Sensible and latent heat gain)
Sensible Heat Gain, W
Occupants
1460
Lighting
12,000
Equipment
4,000
Total
17,460
Latent Heat Gain, W

1180
0
0
1180
Tabulation: (Radiative and convective portions of sensible heat gain) Ref. to Table 820.
Occupants
Lighting
Equipment
Total
8.18
Radiative
Percentage
70
59
70
Watts
1022
7080
2800
10,902
Convective
Percentage
Watts
30
438
41
4920
30
1200
6,558
A space has an occupancy of 40 people engaged in sedentary activity form

8:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. The average light level is 28 W/m2 of vented
fluorescent fixtures with a ceiling plenum return. Office equipment amounts to
5 kW. Estimate the sensible and latent heat gain to the space for a floor area of
750 m2 at 4:00 P.M. For the sensible heat gain, estimate the radiative and
convective portions.
Solution:
Latent Heat = 40(59) = 2360 W
Lighting Load:
q& = WFu Fs
W = 28(750) = 21,000 W
Fu = 1.0
Fs = 1.5
q& = (21,000 )(1.0)(1.5) = 31,500 W
8. The Cooling Load
q& = CPFl Fu
C = 1.0 W/W
Fl = 1.0
Fu = 1.0
P = 5000 W
q& = (1.0)(5000)(1.0)(1.0) = 5000 W
Occupants
2920
Lighting
21,000
Equipment
5,000
Total
28,920
Latent Heat Gain, W

2360
0
0
2360
Occupants
Lighting
Equipment
Total
8.19
Radiative
Percentage
Watts
70
2044
59
12,390
70
3500
17,934
Convective
Percentage
Watts
30
876
41
8610
30
1500
10,986
A room has 5000 W of vented fluorescent light fixtures on form 6:00 A.M. to
6:00 P.M. The air flows from the lights through a ducted return. Compute the
heat gain to space at 5:00 P.M. assuming that 20 percent of heat from the
lights is convected to the return air.
Solution:
Lighting Load:
q& = WFu Fs
W = 5,000 W
Fu = 1.0
Fs = 1.2
q& = (5000)(1.0)(1.2) = 6000 W
8.20
A large office complex has a variable occupancy pattern. Twenty people arrive
at 8:00 A.M. and leave at 4:00 P.M. Forty people arrive at 10:00 A.M. and
leave at 4:00 P.M. Ten people arrive at 1:00 P.M. and leave at 5:00 P.M.
Assume seated, light activity, and compute the sensible and latent heat gains at
4:00 P.M. and 6:00 P.M.
Solution:
At 4:00 P.M. Total Number of Occupants = 20 + 40 +10 = 70
8. The Cooling Load

Latent Heat = 70(59) = 4130 W
At 6:00 P.M. Total Number of Occupants = 0
Sensible Heat = 0 W
Latent Heat = 0 W
8.21
The attic space shown in Fig. 8-10 has H = 3 ft, W = 24 ft, L = 36 ft, and all
interior surfaces have emissivities of 0.9. For a time when the inside surface
temperatures are t1 = 122 F , t 2 = 141 F , t3 = 100 F , t 4 = 92 F and t5 = 95 F ,
estimate the net thermal radiation incident on each surface using the
MRT/balance method.
Solution:
A1 = 36 32 + 12 2 = 445.3 ft2
(
)
A = 36( 3 + 12 ) = 445.3 ft
A = (1 )(3)(24) = 36 ft
2
A = (1 )(3)(24) = 36 ft
2
2
A5 = (24)(36) = 864 ft2

Zone Surface Description
Surface
1
2
3
4
5
Name
North-facing
pitched roof
South-facing
pitched roof
West-facing end
wall
East-facing end
wall
Floor
Area, ft2
T, F
445.3
122
445.3
141
36
100
36
92
864
95
8. The Cooling Load

Af , j = Ai (1 ij )
N
i =1
f , j = j = i = 0 .9
Ai i ti (1 ij )
N
tf,j =
i =1
N
Ai i (1 ij )
i =1
Ai ti (1 ij )
N
i =1
N
Ai (1 ij )
i =1
Surface 1. Aj = 445.3 ft2, Af = 445.3 + 36 + 36 + 864 = 1381.3 ft2

tf,j =
(445.3)(141) + (36)(100) + (36)(92) + (864)(95)

445.3 + 36 + 36 + 864
t f , j = 109.88 F
1
A 1 j
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af j
1
=
1 0 .9
445.3 1 0.9
+1+
0 .9
1381.3 0.9
= 0.8719
Fj , f =
Fj , f
Fj , f
( 2 )(122 + 109.88) + 459.67 = 575.61 R
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(0.1713 10 8 )(0.8719)(575.61) = 1.1394 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (1.1394 )(122 109.88) = 13.8095 Btu/(hr-ft2)
surf , in , j ,
surf , in ,1,

tf,j =
(445.3)(122) + (36)(100 ) + (36)(92) + (864)(95)

445.3 + 36 + 36 + 864
t f , j = 103.76 F
1
A 1 j
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af j
1
=
1 0 .9
445.3 1 0.9
+1+
0 .9
1381.3 0.9
= 0.8719
Fj , f =
Fj , f
Fj , f
( 2 )(141 + 103.76) + 459.67 = 582.05 R
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(0.1713 10 8 )(0.8719)(582.05) = 1.1781 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
8. The Cooling Load
qradiation
= qradiation
= (1.1781)(141 103.76 ) = 43.8724 Btu/(hr-ft2)
surf , in , j ,
surf , in , 2 ,
Surface 3. Aj = 36 ft2, Af = 445.3 + 445.3 + 36 + 864 = 1790.6 ft2

tf,j =
(445.3)(122 ) + (445.3)(141) + (36)(92) + (864)(95)

445.3 + 445.3 + 36 + 864
t f , j = 113.09 F
1
A 1 j
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af j
1
=
1 0 .9
36 1 0.9
+1+
0 .9
1790.6 0.9
= 0.8982
Fj , f =
Fj , f
Fj , f
( 2 )(100 + 113.09) + 459.67 = 566.22 R
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(0.1713 10 8 )(0.8982)(566.22) = 1.1172 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (1.1172 )(100 113.09 ) = 14.6241 Btu/(hr-ft2)
surf , in , j ,
surf , in , 3,

tf,j =
(445.3)(122) + (445.3)(141) + (36)(100) + (864)(95)

445.3 + 445.3 + 36 + 864
t f , j = 113.25 F
1
A 1 j
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af j
1
=
1 0 .9
36 1 0.9
+1+
0 .9
1790.6 0.9
= 0.8982
Fj , f =
Fj , f
Fj , f
( 2 )(92 + 113.25) + 459.67 = 562.30 R
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(0.1713 10 8 )(0.8982)(562.30) = 1.0942 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (1.0942 )(92 113.25) = 23.2518 Btu/(hr-ft2)
surf , in , j ,
surf , in , 4 ,
8. The Cooling Load
tf,j =
(445.3)(122) + (445.3)(141) + (36)(100) + (36)(92)

445.3 + 445.3 + 36 + 36
t f , j = 128.84 F
1
A 1 j
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af j
1
=
1 0 .9
864 1 0.9
+1+
0 .9
962.6 0.9
= 0.8259
Fj , f =
Fj , f
Fj , f
( 2 )(95 + 128.84) + 459.67 = 571.59 R
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(0.1713 10 8 )(0.8259)(571.59) = 1.0568 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (1.0568)(95 128.84 ) = 35.7621 Btu/(hr-ft2)
surf , in , j ,
surf , in , 5 ,
Intermediate Variable for MRT/Balance Calculation

Af , ft2
f
tf , F
Fj , f
t j , avg , R
Surface
1
445.3
0.9 109.88 0.8719
575.61
2
445.3
0.9 103.76 0.8719
582.05
3
36
0.9 113.09 0.8982
566.22
4
36
0.9 113.25 0.8982
562.30
5
864
0.9 128.84 0.8259
571.59
hr , j , Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
1.1394
1.1781
1.1172
1.0942
1.0568
Aj hr , j (t j t f ,i )
N
qbalance
=
j =1
Aj
j =1
qbalance
(13.8095)(445.3) + (43.8724)(445.3) + ( 14.6241)(36) + ( 23.2518)(36) + ( 35.7621)(864)

=
445.3 + 445.3 + 36 + 36 + 864
6576.24
= 3.60026
1826.6
MRT/Balance Calculation:
Initial
Estimate,
Surface
qradiation
,
surf , in , j ,
qbalance
=
1
2
3
4
5
Btu/(hr-ft )
13.8095
43.8724
-14.6241
-23.2518
-35.7621
Initial
Estimate,
q& radiation surf ,in , j , ,
Btu/hr
6149.37
19536.38
-526.47
-837.06
-30898.50
qradiation
surf , in , j ,
with Balance,
Btu/(hr-ft2)
q& radiation surf ,in , j ,

with Balance,
Btu/hr
17.4098
47.4727
-11.0238
-19.6515
-32.1618
7752.57
21139.58
-396.86
-707.46
-27787.80
8. The Cooling Load
Sum
8.22
-6576.24
0.00
The attic space shown in Fig. 8-10 has H = 2 m, W = 10 m, L = 20 m, and all

interior surfaces have emissivities of 0.9. For a time when the inside surface
temperatures are t1 = 40 C , t 2 = 48 C , t3 = 35 C , t 4 = 38 C and t5 = 32 F ,
estimate the net thermal radiation incident on each surface using the
MRT/balance method.
Solution:
(
)
A = 20( 2 + 10 ) = 203.96 m
A = (1 )(2)(10) = 10 m
2
A = (1 )(2)(10 ) = 10 m
2
A1 = 20 2 2 + 10 2 = 203.96 m2
2
A5 = (10)(20 ) = 200 m2
Surface
Name
North-facing
pitched roof
South-facing
pitched roof
West-facing end
wall
East-facing end
wall
Floor
1
2
3
4
5
Area, m2
T, C
203.96
40
203.96
48
10
35
10
38
200
32
Af , j = Ai (1 ij )
N
i =1
f , j = j = i = 0 .9
Ai i ti (1 ij )
N
tf,j =
i =1
N
Ai i (1 ij )
Ai ti (1 ij )
N
i =1
i =1
N
Ai (1 ij )
i =1
Surface 1. Aj = 203.96 m2, Af = 203.96 + 10 + 10 + 200 = 423.96 m2

tf,j =
(203.96 )(48) + (10)(35) + (10)(38) + (200)(32)

203.96 + 10 + 10 + 200
t f , j = 39.91 C
Fj , f =
1
A
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af
1 j
8. The Cooling Load

1
1 0 .9
203.96 1 0.9
+1+
0 .9
423.96 0.9
= 0.8587
Fj , f =
Fj , f
( 2 )(40 + 39.91) + 273.15 = 313.11 K
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(5.67 10 8 )(0.8587 )(313.11) = 5.9783 W/(m2-C)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (5.9783)(40 39.91) = 0.5380 W/m2.
surf , in , j ,
surf , in ,1,
Surface 2. Aj = 203.96 m2, Af = 203.96 + 10 + 10 + 200 = 423.96 m2

tf,j =
(203.96 )(40) + (10)(35) + (10 )(38) + (200)(32)

203.96 + 10 + 10 + 200
t f , j = 36.06 C
1
A 1 j
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af j
1
=
1 0 .9
203.96 1 0.9
+1+
0 .9
423.96 0.9
= 0.8587
Fj , f =
Fj , f
Fj , f
( 2 )(48 + 36.06) + 273.15 = 315.18 K
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(5.67 10 8 )(0.8587 )(315.18) = 6.0976 W/(m2-C)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (6.0976 )(48 36.06 ) = 72.8054 W/m2.
surf , in , j ,
surf , in , 2 ,
Surface 3. Aj = 10 m2, Af = 203.96 + 203.96 + 10 + 200 = 617.92 m2

tf,j =
(203.96 )(40) + (203.96 )(48) + (10)(38) + (200)(32)

203.96 + 203.96 + 10 + 200
t f , j = 40.02 C
1
A 1 j
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af j
1
=
1 0 .9
10 1 0.9
+1+
0 .9
617.92 0.9
= 0.8985
Fj , f =
Fj , f
Fj , f
8. The Cooling Load
( 2 )(35 + 40.02) + 273.15 = 310.66 K
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(5.67 10 8 )(0.8985)(310.66) = 6.1097 W/(m2-C)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (6.1097 )(35 40.02 ) = 30.6707 W/m2.
surf , in , j ,
surf , in , 3,
Surface 4. Aj = 10 m2, Af = 203.96 + 203.96 + 10 + 200 = 617.92 m2

tf,j =
(203.96 )(40) + (203.96 )(48) + (10)(35) + (200)(32)

203.96 + 203.96 + 10 + 200
t f , j = 39.97 C
1
A 1 j
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af j
1
=
1 0 .9
10 1 0.9
+1+
0 .9
617.92 0.9
= 0.8985
Fj , f =
Fj , f
Fj , f
( 2 )(38 + 39.97) + 273.15 = 312.14 K
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(5.67 10 8 )(0.8985)(312.14) = 6.1974 W/(m2-C)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (6.1974 )(38 39.97 ) = 12.2089 W/m2.
surf , in , j ,
surf , in , 4 ,
Surface 5. Aj = 200 m2, Af = 203.96 + 203.96 + 10 + 10 = 427.92 m2

tf,j =
(203.96 )(40) + (203.96)(48) + (10)(35) + (10)(38)

203.96 + 203.96 + 10 + 10
t f , j = 43.65 C
1
A 1 j
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af j
1
=
1 0 .9
200 1 0.9
+1+
0 .9
427.92 0.9
= 0.8598
Fj , f =
Fj , f
Fj , f
( 2 )(32 + 43.65) + 273.15 = 310.98 K
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(5.67 10 8 )(0.8598)(310.98) = 5.8646 W/(m2-C)

3
8. The Cooling Load
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (5.8646 )(32 43.65) = 68.3226 W/m2.
surf , in , j ,
surf , in , 5 ,

f
tf , C
Fj , f
t j , avg , K
A f , m2
Surface
1
203.96
0.9 39.91 0.8587
313.11
2
203.96
0.9 36.06 0.8587
315.18
3
10
0.9 40.02 0.8985
310.66
4
10
0.9 39.97 0.8985
312.14
5
200
0.9 43.65 0.8598
310.98
hr , j , W/(m2-C)
5.9783
6.0976
6.1097
6.1974
5.8648
N
qbalance
=
j =1
Aj
j =1
qbalance
=
(0.538)(203.96) + (72.8054)(203.96 ) + ( 30.6707 )(10) + ( 12.2089)(10 ) + ( 68.3226 )(200)

203.96 + 203.96 + 10 + 10 + 200
865.804
= 1.378844
627.92
Initial
Estimate,
Surface
qradiation surf ,in , j , ,

W/m2
1
0.538
2
72.8054
3
-30.6707
4
-12.2089
5
-68.3226
Sum
qbalance
=
8.23

W
109.731
14849.39
-306.707
-122.089
-13664.5
865.804
qradiation
surf , in , j ,
with Balance,
W/m2

with Balance,
W
-0.8408
71.4266
-32.0495
-13.5877
-69.7014
-171.50
14568.16
-320.50
-135.88
-13940.3
0.0
One approach to reducing attic heat transfer is to install a radiant barrier, e.g.
aluminum foil on one or more surfaces. If we were to line the inside of the
pitched roof surfaces of Problem 8-21 with aluminum foil ( = 0.1 ), and
everything else were to remain the same, how would the radiation flux
incident on the attic floor change? Please answer quantitatively.
Solution:
(
)
A = 36( 3 + 12 ) = 445.3 ft
A = (1 )(3)(24) = 36 ft
2
A = (1 )(3)(24) = 36 ft
2
A1 = 36 32 + 12 2 = 445.3 ft2
2
Initial
Estimate,
8. The Cooling Load
A5 = (24)(36) = 864 ft2

1 = 2 = 0.1 , 3 = 4 = 5 = 0.9

Surface
Name
North-facing
pitched roof
South-facing
pitched roof
West-facing end
wall
East-facing end
wall
Floor
1
2
3
4
5
Area, ft2
T, F
445.3
122
445.3
141
36
100
36
92
864
95
Af , j = Ai (1 ij )
N
i =1
Ai i ti (1 ij )
N
tf,j =
i =1
N
Ai i (1 ij )
i =1

tf,j =
(445.3)(0.1)(141) + (36)(0.9)(100) + (36)(0.9)(92) + (864)(0.9)(95)

445.3(0.1) + 36(0.9) + 36(0.9) + 864(0.9)
t f , j = 97.38 F
Ai i (1 ij )
N
f,j =
i =1
N
Ai (1 ij )
i =1
(445.3)(0.1) + (36)(0.9 ) + (36)(0.9) + (864)(0.9) = 0.6421

=
f,j
Fj , f
Fj , f
Fj , f
445.3 + 36 + 36 + 864
1
=
A 1 j
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af j
1
=
1 0.6421
445.3 1 0.6421
+1+
0.6421
1381.3 0.6421
= 0.5757
( 2 )(122 + 97.38) + 459.67 = 569.36 R
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(0.1713 10 8 )(0.5757 )(569.36) = 0.7281 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (0.7281)(122 97.38) = 17.9258 Btu/(hr-ft2)
surf , in , j ,
surf , in ,1,
8. The Cooling Load

tf,j =
(445.3)(0.1)(122) + (36)(0.9)(100) + (36)(0.9)(92) + (864)(0.9)(95)

445.3(0.1) + 36(0.9) + 36(0.9 ) + 864(0.9 )
t f , j = 96.43 F
Ai i (1 ij )
N
f,j =
i =1
N
Ai (1 ij )
i =1
f,j =
Fj , f
Fj , f
Fj , f
(445.3)(0.1) + (36)(0.9 ) + (36)(0.9) + (864)(0.9) = 0.6421
445.3 + 36 + 36 + 864
1
=
A 1 j
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af j
1
=
1 0.6421
445.3 1 0.6421
+1+
0.6421
1381.3 0.6421
= 0.5757
( 2 )(141 + 96.43) + 459.67 = 578.38 R
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(0.1713 10 8 )(0.5757 )(578.38) = 0.7632 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (0.7632 )(141 96.43) = 34.0158 Btu/(hr-ft2)
surf , in , j ,
surf , in , 2 ,

tf,j =
(445.3)(0.1)(122) + (445.3)(0.1)(141) + (36)(0.9)(92) + (864)(0.9)(95)

445.3(0.1) + 445.3(0.1) + 36(0.9 ) + 864(0.9 )
t f , j = 98.51 F
Ai i (1 ij )
N
f,j =
i =1
N
Ai (1 ij )
i =1
(445.3)(0.1) + (445.3)(0.1) + (36)(0.9 ) + (864)(0.9) = 0.5021

=
f,j
445.3 + 445.3 + 36 + 864
Fj , f =
Fj , f
Fj , f
1
A
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af
1 j

j
1
=
1 0.5021
36 1 0.5021
+1+
0.5021
1790.6 0.5021
= 0.4971
8. The Cooling Load
( 2 )(100 + 98.51) + 459.67 = 558.93 R
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(0.1713 10 8 )(0.4971)(558.93) = 0.5947 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (0.5947 )(100 98.51) = 0.8861 Btu/(hr-ft2)
surf , in , j ,
surf , in , 3,

tf,j =
(445.3)(0.1)(122) + (445.3)(0.1)(141) + (36)(0.9)(100) + (864)(0.9)(95)

445.3(0.1) + 445.3(0.1) + 36(0.9) + 864(0.9)
t f , j = 98.80 F
Ai i (1 ij )
N
f,j =
i =1
N
Ai (1 ij )
i =1
f,j =
Fj , f
Fj , f
Fj , f
(445.3)(0.1) + (445.3)(0.1) + (36)(0.9 ) + (864)(0.9) = 0.5021
445.3 + 445.3 + 36 + 864

1
=
A 1 j
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af j
1
=
1 0.5021
36 1 0.5021
+1+
0.5021
1790.6 0.5021
= 0.4971
( 2 )(92 + 98.80) + 459.67 = 555.07 R
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(0.1713 10 8 )(0.4971)(555.07 ) = 0.5825 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (0.5825)(92 98.80 ) = 3.9610 Btu/(hr-ft2)
surf , in , j ,
surf , in , 4 ,

tf,j =
(445.3)(0.1)(122) + (445.3)(0.1)(141) + (36)(0.9)(100) + (36)(0.9)(92)

445.3(0.1) + 445.3(0.1) + 36(0.9) + 36(0.9)
t f , j = 116.55 F
Ai i (1 ij )
N
f,j =
i =1
N
Ai (1 ij )
i =1
(445.3)(0.1) + (445.3)(0.1) + (36)(0.9) + (36)(0.9) = 0.1598

=
f,j
445.3 + 445.3 + 36 + 36
8. The Cooling Load
Fj , f =
Fj , f
Fj , f
1
A
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af
1 j

j
1
=
1 0.1598
864 1 0.1598
+1+
0.1598
962.6 0.1598
= 0.0911
( 2 )(95 + 116.55) + 459.67 = 565.45 R
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(0.1713 10 8 )(0.0911)(565.45) = 0.1129 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (0.1129 )(95 116.55) = 2.4330 Btu/(hr-ft2)
surf , in , j ,
surf , in , 5 ,

Af , ft2
f
tf , F
Fj , f
t j , avg , R
Surface
1
445.3
0.1 97.38 0.5757
569.36
2
445.3
0.1 96.43 0.5757
578.38
3
36
0.9 98.51 0.4971
558.93
4
36
0.9 98.80 0.4971
555.07
5
864
0.9 116.55 0.0911
565.45
hr , j , Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.7281
0.7632
0.5947
0.5825
0.1129
N
qbalance
=
j =1
Aj
j =1
qbalance
=
(17.9258)(445.3) + (34.0158)(445.3) + ( 0.8861)(36) + ( 3.961)(36) + ( 2.433)(864)

445.3 + 445.3 + 36 + 36 + 864
20852.99
= 11.4163
1826.6
Initial
Estimate,
Surface
qradiation
,
surf , in , j ,
qbalance
=
Initial
Estimate,
qradiation
surf , in , j ,
with Balance,
Btu/(hr-ft2)

Btu/hr
7982.36
15147.24
-31.90
-142.60
-2102.11
20852.99
incident on the attic
Btu/(hr-ft )
1
17.9258
2
34.0158
3
-0.8861
4
-3.961
5
-2.433
Sum
Therefore the radiation flux
27787.80 11965.80
(100%) = 57% .
27787.80
6.5095
22.5995
-12.3024
-15.3773
-13.8493

with Balance,
Btu/hr
2898.69
10063.56
-442.89
-553.58
-11965.8
0.00
floor change or reduced by
8. The Cooling Load
8.24
If we were to line the inside of the pitched roof surfaces of Problem 8-22 with
aluminum foil ( = 0.1 ), and everything else were to remain the same, how
would the radiation flux incident on the attic floor change? Please answer
quantitatively.
Solution:
(
)
A = 20( 2 + 10 ) = 203.96 m
A = (1 )(2)(10) = 10 m
2
A = (1 )(2)(10 ) = 10 m
2
A1 = 20 2 2 + 10 2 = 203.96 m2
2
A5 = (10)(20 ) = 200 m2
Surface
1
2
3
4
5
Name
North-facing
pitched roof
South-facing
pitched roof
West-facing end
wall
East-facing end
wall
Floor
Area, m2
T, C
203.96
40
203.96
48
10
35
10
38
200
32
Af , j = Ai (1 ij )
N
i =1
f , j = j = i = 0 .9
Ai i ti (1 ij )
N
tf,j =
i =1
N
Ai i (1 ij )
i =1
Surface 1. Aj = 203.96 m2, Af = 203.96 + 10 + 10 + 200 = 423.96 m2

tf,j =
(203.96)(0.1)(48) + (10)(0.9)(35) + (10)(0.9)(38) + (200)(0.9)(32)

203.96(0.1) + 10(0.9) + 10(0.9) + 200(0.9)
t f , j = 33.87 C
Ai i (1 ij )
N
f,j =
i =1
N
Ai (1 ij )
i =1
(203.96 )(0.1) + (10)(0.9 ) + (10)(0.9) + (200)(0.9) = 0.5151

=
f,j
Fj , f
203.96 + 10 + 10 + 200
1
=
A 1 j
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af j
8. The Cooling Load

1
1 0.5151
203.96 1 0.5151
+1+
0.5151
423.96 0.5151
= 0.4177
Fj , f =
Fj , f
( 2 )(40 + 33.87) + 273.15 = 310.08 K
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(5.67 10 8 )(0.4177 )(310.08) = 2.8244 W/(m2-C)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (2.8244 )(40 33.87 ) = 17.3136 W/m2.
surf , in , j ,
surf , in ,1,
Surface 2. Aj = 203.96 m2, Af = 203.96 + 10 + 10 + 200 = 423.96 m2

tf,j =
(203.96)(0.1)(40) + (10)(0.9)(35) + (10)(0.9)(38) + (200)(0.9)(32)

203.96(0.1) + 10(0.9) + 10(0.9) + 200(0.9)
t f , j = 33.12 C
Ai i (1 ij )
N
f,j =
i =1
N
Ai (1 ij )
i =1
f,j =
Fj , f
Fj , f
Fj , f
(203.96 )(0.1) + (10)(0.9 ) + (10)(0.9) + (200)(0.9) = 0.5151
203.96 + 10 + 10 + 200
1
=
A 1 j
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af j
1
=
1 0.5151
203.96 1 0.5151
+1+
0.5151
423.96 0.5151
= 0.4177
( 2 )(48 + 33.12) + 273.15 = 313.71 K
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(5.67 10 8 )(0.4177 )(313.71) = 2.9248 W/(m2-C)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (2.9248)(48 33.12 ) = 43.5210 W/m2.
surf , in , j ,
surf , in , 2 ,
Surface 3. Aj = 10 m2, Af = 203.96 + 203.96 + 10 + 200 = 617.92 m2

tf,j =
(203.96)(0.1)(40) + (203.96)(0.1)(48) + (10)(0.9)(38) + (200)(0.9)(32)

203.96(0.1) + 203.96(0.1) + 10(0.9) + 200(0.9)
t f , j = 34.37 C
8. The Cooling Load

Ai i (1 ij )
N
f,j =
i =1
N
Ai (1 ij )
i =1
(203.96)(0.1) + (203.96)(0.1) + (10 )(0.9) + (200)(0.9) = 0.3719

=
f,j
Fj , f
Fj , f
Fj , f
203.96 + 203.96 + 10 + 200

1
=
A 1 j
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af j
1
=
1 0.3719
10 1 0.3719
+1+
0.3719
617.92 0.3719
= 0.3682
( 2 )(35 + 34.37) + 273.15 = 309.28 K
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(5.67 10 8 )(0.3682)(307.84 ) = 2.4361 W/(m2-C)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (2.4361)(35 34.37 ) = 1.5347 W/m2.
surf , in , j ,
surf , in , 3,
Surface 4. Aj = 10 m2, Af = 203.96 + 203.96 + 10 + 200 = 617.92 m2

tf,j =
(203.96)(0.1)(40) + (203.96)(0.1)(48) + (10)(0.9)(35) + (200)(0.9)(32)

203.96(0.1) + 203.96(0.1) + 10(0.9) + 200(0.9)
t f , j = 34.25 C
Ai i (1 ij )
N
f,j =
i =1
N
Ai (1 ij )
i =1
(203.96)(0.1) + (203.96)(0.1) + (10 )(0.9) + (200)(0.9) = 0.3719

=
f,j
203.96 + 203.96 + 10 + 200
Fj , f =
Fj , f
Fj , f
1
A
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af
1 j

j
1
=
1 0.3719
10 1 0.3719
+1+
0.3719
617.92 0.3719
= 0.3682
( 2 )(38 + 34.25) + 273.15 = 309.28 K
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(5.67 10 8 )(0.3682)(309.28) = 2.4705 W/(m2-C)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
8. The Cooling Load
qradiation
= qradiation
= (2.4705)(38 34.25) = 9.2644 W/m2.
surf , in , j ,
surf , in , 4 ,
Surface 5. Aj = 200 m2, Af = 203.96 + 203.96 + 10 + 10 = 427.92 m2

tf,j =
(203.96)(0.1)(40) + (203.96)(0.1)(48) + (10)(0.9)(35) + (10)(0.9)(38)

203.96(0.1) + 203.96(0.1) + 10(0.9 ) + 10(0.9)
t f , j = 41.70 C
Ai i (1 ij )
N
f,j =
i =1
N
Ai (1 ij )
i =1
(203.96 )(0.1) + (203.96)(0.1) + (10)(0.9) + (10)(0.9) = 0.1374

=
f,j
Fj , f
Fj , f
Fj , f
203.96 + 203.96 + 10 + 10
1
=
A 1 j
1 j
+ 1 + j
j
Af j
1
=
1 0.1374
200 1 0.1374
+1+
0.1374
427.92 0.1374
= 0.0979
( 2 )(32 + 41.70) + 273.15 = 310 K
t j , avg = 1
hr , j 4 Fj , f (t j , avg )
hr , j = 4(5.67 10 8 )(0.0979)(310 ) = 0.6615 W/(m2-C)

3
qradiation
= hr , j (t j t f , j )
surf , in , j ,
qradiation
= qradiation
= (0.6615)(32 41.70 ) = 6.4166 W/m2.
surf , in , j ,
surf , in , 5 ,

f
tf , C
Fj , f
t j , avg , K
A f , m2
Surface
1
203.96
0.1 33.87 0.4177
310.08
2
203.96
0.1 33.12 0.4177
313.71
3
10
0.9 34.37 0.3682
307.84
4
10
0.9 34.25 0.3682
309.28
5
200
0.9 41.70 0.0979
310.00
hr , j , W/(m2-C)
2.8244
2.9248
2.4361
2.4705
0.6615
N
qbalance
=
j =1
Aj
j =1
qbalance
=
qbalance
=
(17.3136)(203.96) + (43.521)(203.96) + (1.5347 )(10 ) + (9.2644)(10) + ( 6.4166)(200)

203.96 + 203.96 + 10 + 10 + 200
11232.5
= 17.88842
627.92
8. The Cooling Load
Initial
Estimate,
Surface
qradiation
,
surf , in , j ,
2
1
2
3
4
5
Sum
W/m
17.3136
43.521
1.5347
9.2644
-6.4166
Initial
Estimate,
W
3531.28
8876.54
15.35
92.64
-1283.32
11232.5
qradiation
surf , in , j ,
with Balance,
W/m2

with Balance,
W
-0.5748
25.6326
-16.3537
-8.6240
-24.3050
-117.24
5228.02
-163.54
-86.24
-4861.00
0.00
Therefore the radiation flux incident on the attic floor change or reduced by
13940.3 4861
(100% ) = 65% .
13940.3
8.25
If the attic air temperature in Problem 8-21 is 85 F, estimate the convective

heat flux from each interior surface.
Solution: ti = 85 F
qconvection
= hc ,i , j (tis , j , ti )
, in , j ,
Convective Heat Flux, using Table 8-8
hc ,i , j ,
Area,
Surface
Btu/(hr-ft2Aj , ft2
F)
1
445.3
0.42
2
445.3
0.42
3
36
0.56
4
36
0.56
5
864
0.18
&qconvection ,in , j ,
8.26
tis , j , , F
qconvection
,
, in , j ,
2
Btu/(hr-ft )
Aj qconvection
,
, in , j ,
Btu/hr
122
141
100
92
95
15.54
23.52
8.40
3.92
1.80
6919.96
10473.46
302.40
141.12
1555.20
19392.14
If the attic air temperature in Problem 8-22 is 29 C, estimate the convective

heat flux from each interior surface.
Solution: ti = 29 C
qconvection
= hc ,i , j (tis , j , ti )
, in , j ,
Convective Heat Flux, using Table 8-8
Area,
hc ,i , j ,
Surface
2
Aj , m
W/(m2-C)
1
203.96
2.39
2
203.96
2.39
3
10
3.18
4
10
3.18
5
200
1.02
q& convection ,in , j ,
tis , j , , C
40
48
35
38
32
qconvection
,
, in , j ,
2
W/m
26.29
45.41
19.08
28.62
3.06
Aj qconvection
,
, in , j ,
W
5362.11
9261.82
190.80
286.20
612.00
15712.93
8. The Cooling Load
8.27
Using the detailed model presented in Section 8-9, estimate the solar radiation
absorbed by each pane of a double-pane window with 1/8-in sheet glass for 3
P.M. on July 21 in Amarillo, Texas. You may neglect the solar radiation
incident from the inside of the window.
Solution:
cos = cos 48.56 = 0.6618
Table 8-12. Polynomial Coefficient for a Double Pane Window with 1/8-in. Sheet
Glass (36)
a j ,outer
a j ,inner
tj
0.01407
1.06226
-5.59131
12.15034
-11.78092
4.2007
0.00228
0.34559
-1.19908
2.22366
-2.05287
0.72376
-0.00401
0.7405
7.2035
-20.1176
19.68824
-6.74585
Equation 8-50.
Neglect the solar radiation incident from the inside of the window.
= Direct ,outer GD + diffuse,outer Gd

qabsorbed
, outer , j ,
qabsorbed
= Direct ,inner GD + diffuse,inner Gd
, inner , j ,
Direct ,outer = 0.01407(0.6618) + 1.06226(0.6618) 5.59131(0.6618)

0
+ 12.150134(0.6618) 11.78092(0.6618) + 4.2007(0.6618) = 0.063365

0.01407 1.06226 5.59131 12.15034 11.78092 4.2007
diffuse,outer = 2
+
+
= 0.059951
2
3
4
5
6
7
Direct ,inner = 0.00228(0.6618) + 0.34559(0.6618) 1.19908(0.6618)

0
+ 2.22366(0.6618) 2.05287(0.6618) + 0.72376(0.6618) = 0.048446

0.00228 0.34559 1.19908 2.22366 2.05287 0.72376
diffuse,inner = 2
+
+
= 0.045096
2
3
4
5
6
7
qabsorbed
, outer , j ,
qabsorbed
= 0.063365(178.64 ) + 0.059951(18.62 ) = 12.44 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, outer , j ,
qabsorbed
= 0.048446(178.64 ) + 0.045096(18.62 ) = 9.50 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, inner , j ,
8.28
Using the detailed model presented in Section 8-9, estimate the solar radiation
absorbed by each pane of a double-pane window witn 1/8-in sheet glass for 3
P.M. on July 21 in Billings, Montana. You may neglect the solar radiation
incident from the inside of the window.
Solution:
8. The Cooling Load

cos = cos 48.56 = 0.6618
Table 8-12. Polynomial Coefficient for a Double Pane Window with 1/8-in. Sheet
Glass (36)
a j ,outer
a j ,inner
tj
0.01407
1.06226
-5.59131
12.15034
-11.78092
4.2007
0.00228
0.34559
-1.19908
2.22366
-2.05287
0.72376
-0.00401
0.7405
7.2035
-20.1176
19.68824
-6.74585
Equation 8-50.
Neglect the solar radiation incident from the inside of the window.
qabsorbed
, outer , j ,
= Direct ,inner GD + diffuse,inner Gd

qabsorbed
, inner , j ,
Direct ,outer = 0.01407(0.6618) + 1.06226(0.6618) 5.59131(0.6618)

0
+ 12.150134(0.6618) 11.78092(0.6618) + 4.2007(0.6618) = 0.063365

0.01407 1.06226 5.59131 12.15034 11.78092 4.2007
diffuse,outer = 2
+
+
= 0.059951
2
3
4
5
6
7
Direct ,inner = 0.00228(0.6618) + 0.34559(0.6618) 1.19908(0.6618)

0
+ 2.22366(0.6618) 2.05287(0.6618) + 0.72376(0.6618) = 0.048446

0.00228 0.34559 1.19908 2.22366 2.05287 0.72376
diffuse,inner = 2
+
+
= 0.045096
2
3
4
5
6
7
qabsorbed
, outer , j ,
qabsorbed
= 0.063365(176.78) + 0.059951(18.43) = 12.31 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, outer , j ,
qabsorbed
= 0.048446(176.78) + 0.045096(18.43) = 9.40 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, inner , j ,
8. The Cooling Load
8.29
Compute the hourly cooling loads for Example 8-16, using the heat balance
method.
Solution: See Figure 8-6.

Table 8-4, Exterior Surface Temperatures
tos , j , , F
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
79.55
77.80
76.40
75.35
75.00
75.70
77.45
80.60
85.15
90.40
96.35
101.95
Hour
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
tos , j , , F
106.15
108.95
110.00
108.95
106.50
102.65
98.10
93.55
89.70
86.20
83.40
81.30
Same as Table 8-2. Wall 1 Layers, Listed from outside to inside. (Refer to Table 817a)
Conductivity,
Specific Heat,
Layer
Thickness, in.
Density, lb/ft3
(Btu-in.)/(hrBtu/(lb-F)
ft2-F)
1 in. Stucco
1.0
116.0
4.8
0.20
5 in. insulation
5.0
5.7
0.3
0.20
in. plaster or
0.75
100.0
5.04
0.20
gypsum
Same as Table 8-2. Roof 1 Layers, Listed from outside to inside. (Refer to Table 817b)
Conductivity,
Specific Heat,
Layer
Thickness, in.
Density, lb/ft3
2
ft -F)
1/2 in. slag or
0.5
55.0
9.96
0.40
stone
3/8 in. felt and
0.375
70.0
1.32
0.40
membrane
2 in.
heavyweight
2.0
140.0
12.0
0.20
concrete
Ceiling air
space, R = 1.0
(F-ft2-hr)/Btu
Acoustic tile
0.75
30.0
0.42
0.20
8. The Cooling Load
Same as Table 8-3. Wall CTF Coefficients

X n , Btu/(h-ft2- Yn , Btu/(h-ft2- Z n , Btu/(h-ft2n
n
F)
F)
F)
0
2.068783191
0.0036061
1.419234575
1
-2.649608242
0.026045615
-1.80125067
0.328930497
2
0.628395811
0.009821804
0.428280141
-0.005290438
3
-0.007851015
0.000250326
-0.00655245
1.04454E-05
4
4.38178 x 10-6 3.69865 x10-7 1.26801 x 10-5 -1.21994 x 10-9
5
-3.70418x10-10 2.38394 x 10-11 -1.35736 x 10-9 5.01896 x 10-15
Same as Table 8-3. Roof CTF Coefficients
X n , Btu/(h-ft2- Yn , Btu/(h-ft2- Z n , Btu/(h-ft2n
n
F)
F)
F)
0
3.249652077
0.029969794
0.530411955
1
-3.703823801
0.094934868
-0.494218555
0.553537309
2
0.590586137
0.011045673
0.09978853
-0.000433935
3
-0.000454717 9.15139 x 10-6 -2.24332 x 10-5 3.93274 x 10-9
4
3.49402 x 10-9 2.04672 x 10-11 1.79613 x 10-10 9.09325 x 10-19
Table 8-9, Zone Surface Temperature
Surface
Name
1
North Wall
2
East Wall
3
South Wall
4
South Window
5
West Wall
6
Roof
7
Floor
Area, ft2
360
360
280
80
360
900
900
tis , F
72
73
77
85
76
78
72
Table 8-10, Intermediate Variables for MRT/Balance Calculation.
Surface
Af
tf , F
Fj , f
t j ,avg , R
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2880
2880
2960
3160
2880
2340
2340
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
75.35
75.22
74.78
74.72
74.85
73.81
76.12
0.8889
0.8889
0.8916
0.8977
0.8889
0.8667
0.8667
533.34
533.78
535.56
539.53
535.09
535.58
533.73
hr , j ,
Btu/(hrft2-F)
0.924
0.926
0.938
0.966
0.933
0.912
0.903
8. The Cooling Load
Table 8-11 MRT/Balance Calculation
Surface
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sum
qbalance
=
Initial Estimate
qradiation
surf ,in , j , ,
Initial Estimate
Btu/(hr-ft2)
-3.0929
-2.0585
2.0798
9.9298
1.0757
3.8207
-3.7196
Btu/hr
-1113.46
-741.04
582.33
794.38
387.26
3438.63
-3347.63
0.47
qradiation
surf ,in , j ,
with Balance,
Btu/(hr-ft2)
-3.0931
-2.0586
2.0796
9.9296
1.0756
3.8206
-3.7197

with Balance,
Btu/hr
-1113.51
-741.10
582.29
794.37
387.21
3438.50
-3347.76
0.00
0.47 Btu / hr
= 0.000145381 Btu / (hr ft 2 )
3240 ft 2
Table 8-15 Surface Information

Surface
Name
1
North Wall
2
East Wall
3
South Wall
4
South Window
5
West Wall
6
Roof
7
Floor
Area, ft2
360
360
280
80
360
900
900
tis , F
72
73
77
85
76
78
72
hc ,i
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.56
0.18
0.18
Table 8-23 (Part) Incident Solar Radiation

Hour
To
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
75.86
74.64
73.67
72.94
72.70
73.19
74.40
76.59
79.75
83.39
87.52
91.41
94.33
96.27
97.00
96.27
94.57
Incident Solar Radiation, Btu/(hr-ft2)

South Wall
Roof
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.30
33.69
23.97
101.85
34.91
166.53
70.25
223.05
106.19
267.81
131.29
297.90
142.69
311.32
139.17
307.19
121.11
285.78
90.46
248.51
8. The Cooling Load
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
91.90
88.74
85.58
82.91
80.48
78.53
77.07
50.96
30.01
17.72
2.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
197.83
137.00
69.92
5.98
0.00
0.00
0.00
Table 8-24 Solar Heat Gain Factors and Solar Heat Gain for Window in Example 816
q&TSHG ,
q& ASHG ,
Gd ,
GD ,
TSHGFsunlit ,
ASHGFsunlit ,
Hour
cos
Btu/(hrBtu/(hrBtu/(hrBtu/(hr2
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
-0.82026
-0.85007
-0.84089
-0.79337
-0.71073
-0.59861
-0.46465
-0.31798
-0.16859
-0.02667
0.098118
0.197265
0.264016
0.293821
0.284648
0.237124
0.154487
0.042368
-0.09159
-0.23826
-0.38765
-0.52957
-0.65436
-0.75351
ft2)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
26.08
54.63
74.68
83.79
80.98
66.54
42.10
10.93
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
ft2)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.30
23.97
34.91
44.17
51.56
56.61
58.89
58.19
54.57
48.36
40.04
30.01
17.72
2.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
Btu/(hr-ft )
Btu/(hr-ft )
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
8.23
19.15
27.89
41.69
66.40
88.27
98.95
95.61
79.07
54.41
33.13
23.98
14.15
1.88
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.56
1.30
1.90
3.89
6.37
7.75
8.30
8.13
7.22
5.34
2.59
1.63
0.96
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
ft2)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
579.2
1348.1
1963.5
2935.1
4674.8
6214.0
6966.1
6731.3
5566.4
3830.2
2332.4
1688.1
996.5
132.2
0.00
0.00
0.00
Table 8-26 Internal Heat Gains and Infiltration Heat Gains

Heat Gain, Btu/hr
Hour
People,
People,
Lights
Equipment
Latent
Sensible
1
0
0
921.8
614.5
2
0
0
921.8
614.5
3
0
0
921.8
614.5
4
0
0
921.8
614.5
5
0
0
921.8
614.5
6
0
0
921.8
614.5
7
0
0
921.8
614.5
8
0
0
921.8
614.5
9
2000
2500
4608.9
3072.6
10
2000
2500
4608.9
3072.6
11
2000
2500
4608.9
3072.6
12
2000
2500
4608.9
3072.6
ft2)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
12.8
29.9
43.5
89.2
146.0
177.7
190.2
186.4
165.6
122.5
59.4
37.4
22.1
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
Infiltration
391.3
268.1
169.6
95.6
71.0
120.3
243.5
465.3
785.6
1155.2
1574.2
1968.4
8. The Cooling Load
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4608.9
4608.9
4608.9
4608.9
4608.9
921.8
921.8
921.8
921.8
921.8
921.8
921.8
3072.6
3072.6
3072.6
3072.6
3072.6
614.5
614.5
614.5
614.5
614.5
614.5
614.5
2264.1
2461.3
2535.2
2461.3
2288.8
2017.7
1697.4
1377.0
1106.0
859.5
662.4
514.5
For wall and roof

N
q& system, = A j hc ,i , j (tis , j , ti ) m& a ,infiltration c p (t o ti ) q&internal ,conv ,

j =1
N
q& system, = A j hc ,i , j (tis , j , ti ) + m& a ,infiltration c p (to ti ) + q&internal ,conv ,

j =1
SOUTH WALL AND ROOF COOLING LOAD

Note: Only the south wall and the roof are exposed to the outside
tos , j , =
Yotis , j , H out , j , + Gt + hc to + hr g t g + hr sky t sky

X o + hc + hr g + hr sky
Ny
Nx
Nq
n =1
n =1
Ny
n =1
H out , j , = Yntis , j , n + X ntos , j , n + n qconduction

,out , j , n +
Nx
Nq
n =1
n =1
qconduction
,out , j = Yo tis , j , Yn tis , j , n + X o t os , j , + X n t os , j , n + n qconduction , out , j , n
n =1
tis , j , =
,in , j , + Yotos , j , + H in , j , + hc ti + hr , j t f , j + qbalance
qsolar
+ qradiation
ihg ,in , j ,
Z o + hc + hr , j
Nz
Ny
Nq
n =1
n =1
H in , j , = Z ntis , j , n + Yntos , j , n + n qconduction

,in , j , n +
n =1
Nz
Ny
Nq
n =1
n =1
n =1
qconduction
,in , j = Z o t is , j , Z n tis , j , n + Yo t os , j , + Yn t os , j , n + n qconduction ,in , j , n
= 0.9 , neglect ground reflectivity

hc ,o =
[C (t ) 13 ] + [aV ] , Eq. 8-13, assuming V

2
b 2
o
facing windward.
Table 8-6:
Ct = 0.096 Btu/(h-ft2-F4/3)
a = 0.203 (h-ft2-F-mph)
b = 0.89
= 12 mph wind and the surface
8. The Cooling Load
Fs g t g4 tos4 , j ,
hr , g =
, Eq. 8-17, assuming a surface emissivity = 0.90
t g tos , j ,
4
Fs sky t sky
t os4 , j ,
hr , sky =
t sky tos , j ,
8
= 0.1714 10 Btu hr ft 2 R 4

t sky , = cos t sky + 1 cos to
2
2
= 90 deg
Fs g = Fs sky = 0.5
Surface 3 (South Wall)
,in , j , = 1.16 Btu hr ft 2

qsolar
qbalance
= 0.000145381 Btu / (hr ft 2 )
Radiative portion
qradiation
ihg ,in , j , =
3240 ft 2
tis = 77 F initial
hc ,i = 0.56
hr , j = 0.938
t f , j = 74.78 F
X o = 2.068783191
Yo = 0.0036061
Z o = 1.419234575
A j = 280 ft 2
Hour
to
tos , j ,
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
75.86
74.64
73.67
72.94
72.70
73.19
74.40
76.59
79.75
83.39
87.52
91.41
94.33
96.27
97.00
79.55
77.80
76.40
75.35
75.00
75.70
77.45
80.60
85.15
90.40
96.35
101.95
106.15
108.95
110.00
Radiative
portion of
internal heat
gain, Btu/hr
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
qradiation
ihg ,in , j , ,
Btu/(hr-ft2)
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
8. The Cooling Load
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
96.27
94.57
91.90
88.74
85.58
82.91
80.48
78.53
77.07
108.95
106.50
102.65
98.10
93.55
89.70
86.20
83.40
81.30
5452.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
1.682865
1.682865
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
Using the equations and starting inside surface temperature from 77 F, The result for
the inside surface temperature are as follows after some iterations until nearly
converged. After 13 iterations.
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
tos , j ,
tis , j ,
H out , j ,
H in , j ,
A j hc ,i (tis , j , ti )
75.8674
74.3818
73.2878
72.4215
72.0227
71.7099
72.7907
76.2976
81.4499
88.5659
99.3424
112.6382
123.6443
131.0799
133.6412
131.2950
124.0862
113.0573
103.0188
95.1573
87.8040
82.3582
79.8183
77.2393
75.0059
74.8741
74.8060
74.6225
74.8920
74.3385
74.8132
74.4707
75.2247
75.4013
75.7867
76.0371
76.4191
76.8179
77.1884
77.4541
77.6075
77.0661
76.7954
76.0809
76.2769
75.4244
75.4643
75.1348
-160.24
-156.41
-153.78
-151.59
-150.32
-147.45
-149.34
-151.04
-155.10
-170.03
-180.22
-204.00
-229.59
-252.39
-266.87
-272.93
-267.93
-254.41
-231.43
-212.08
-196.92
-179.08
-172.08
-163.56
106.6839
106.3048
106.1100
105.5779
106.3655
104.7519
106.1329
105.1210
105.8477
106.3371
107.4227
108.1051
109.1801
110.3164
111.3880
112.1717
112.6451
112.5599
111.8064
109.7502
110.3488
107.8813
108.0068
107.0550
471.33
450.66
439.98
411.21
453.47
366.68
441.11
387.40
505.63
533.32
593.75
633.01
692.92
755.44
813.54
855.21
879.25
794.37
751.92
639.88
670.63
536.94
543.20
491.54
Surface 6 (Roof)
hc ,o =

2
b 2
o
Table 8-6:
Ct = 0.096 Btu/(h-ft2-F4/3)
a = 0.203 (h-ft2-F-mph)
b = 0.89
= 12 mph wind
8. The Cooling Load

Fs g (t g4 tos4 , j , )
hr , g =
t g tos , j ,
4
Fs sky (t sky
t os4 , j , )
hr , sky =
t sky tos , j ,
8
= 0.1714 10 Btu hr ft 2 R 4
t sky = t o 10.8
= 0 deg
Fs g = 0.0
Fs sky = 1.0
,in , j , = 1.16 Btu hr ft 2

qsolar
qbalance
= 0.000145381 Btu / (hr ft 2 )
Radiative portion
qradiation
ihg ,in , j , =
3240 ft 2
tis = 78 F initial
hc ,i = 0.18 downward heat flow
hr , j = 0.912
t f , j = 73.81 F
X o = 3.249652077
Yo = 0.029969794
Z o = 0.530411955
A j = 900 ft 2
Hour
to
tos , j ,
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
75.86
74.64
73.67
72.94
72.70
73.19
74.40
76.59
79.75
83.39
87.52
91.41
94.33
96.27
97.00
96.27
79.55
77.80
76.40
75.35
75.00
75.70
77.45
80.60
85.15
90.40
96.35
101.95
106.15
108.95
110.00
108.95
Radiative
portion of
internal heat
gain, Btu/hr
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
qradiation
ihg ,in , j , ,
Btu/(hr-ft2)
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
8. The Cooling Load
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
94.57
91.90
88.74
85.58
82.91
80.48
78.53
77.07
106.50
102.65
98.10
93.55
89.70
86.20
83.40
81.30
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
1.682865
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
tos , j ,
tis , j ,
H out , j ,
H in , j ,
79.83
74.54
73.74
75.01
69.32
72.11
71.43
73.78
77.76
83.37
91.66
102.60
111.67
118.59
120.61
120.47
117.81
106.45
101.65
95.92
91.06
86.47
83.12
81.72
77.64
76.63
75.49
75.24
75.05
74.07
74.34
74.18
75.22
75.85
76.78
77.96
79.69
81.45
83.05
83.92
84.86
83.93
82.60
81.99
81.07
80.14
79.03
78.10
-278.0914
-249.5663
-247.4426
-256.9090
-223.4381
-238.8704
-231.4721
-230.3845
-233.4380
-247.5313
-254.9153
-279.1179
-304.8093
-332.4318
-346.4516
-363.9490
-379.0489
-351.4262
-349.2826
-333.7814
-325.0945
-305.8842
-290.9112
-286.3728
41.9007
40.4245
38.6037
38.1651
38.0160
36.3427
36.8002
36.4694
36.5969
37.4416
38.7028
40.2936
42.8260
45.4792
48.0072
49.4201
51.0254
51.3085
49.3072
48.4796
47.1369
45.7667
44.0572
42.5985
912.94
749.71
565.51
525.51
493.58
334.87
378.51
352.52
522.38
623.51
774.25
965.82
1245.81
1531.46
1789.93
1930.60
2082.91
1931.97
1717.79
1617.98
1469.38
1318.83
1138.12
988.28
For the window: South window , A j = 80 ft 2 . Double Pane Window.l

tos , j , =
tis , j , =
qabsorbed
,outer , j , + U airspace t is , j , + hc ,o t o + hr g t g + hr sky t sky
U airspace + hc ,o + hr g + hr sky
qabsorbed
,inner , j , + U airspace t os , j , + hc ,i ti + hr , j t g , j + qbalance + q radiation ihg ,in , j ,
U airspace + hc ,i + hr , j
hc ,i = 0.56 Btu hr ft F from Table 8-8
U airspace = 1.19 Btu hr ft 2 F from Table 5-3a
8. The Cooling Load
qbalance
= 0.000145381 Btu / (hr ft 2 ) assumed the same to simplify calculation but
must be recalculated in actual.
hc ,o =

2
b 2
o
= 12 mph wind and the surface
facing windward.
Table 8-6:
Ct = 0.096 Btu/(h-ft2-F4/3)
a = 0.203 (h-ft2-F-mph)
b = 0.89
Fs g (t g4 tos4 , j , )
hr , g =
t g tos , j ,
4
Fs sky (t sky
t os4 , j , )
hr , sky =
t sky tos , j ,
= 0.1714 108 Btu hr ft 2 R 4

t sky , = cos t sky + 1 cos to
2
2
= 90 deg
Fs g = Fs sky = 0.5
Other assumed constant.
hr , j = 0.966 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
t f , j = 74.72 F
qabsorbed
,outer , j , = Direct ,outer GD + diffuse ,outer Gd + diffuse ,inner q solar ,in , j ,
qabsorbed
,inner , j , = Direct ,inner G D + diffuse ,inner Gd + diffuse ,outer q solar ,in , j ,
,in , j , =
qsolar
q& diffuse
3240 ft 2
q& diffuse = AGd diffuse
Using Table 8-12
5
t
diffuse = 2 j = 0.6797
j =0 j + 2
5
Direct ,outer = a j ,outer [cos ]
j =0
a j ,outer
j =0
j+2
diffuse ,outer = 2
= 0.0600
Direct ,inner = a j ,inner [cos ]
j =0
a j ,inner
j =0
j+2
diffuse ,inner = 2
= 0.0451
,in , j , =
Tabulation for qsolar
q& diffuse
3240 ft 2
8. The Cooling Load
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
GD
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
26.08
54.63
74.68
83.79
80.98
66.54
42.10
10.93
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
tos , j , =
tis , j , =
Gd
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.30
23.97
34.91
44.17
51.56
56.61
58.89
58.19
54.57
48.36
40.04
30.01
17.72
2.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.1729
0.4023
0.5859
0.7413
0.8654
0.9501
0.9884
0.9766
0.9159
0.8116
0.6720
0.5037
0.2974
0.0394
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
Direct ,outer
Direct ,inner
0.0749
0.0827
0.0765
0.0731
0.0741
0.0795
0.0832
0.0499
qabsorbed
,outer , j ,
qabsorbed
,inner , j ,
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.6253
1.4552
2.1193
4.6346
7.6493
9.1524
9.6985
9.5368
8.6010
6.4381
2.9764
1.8218
1.0757
0.1427
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.4749
1.1051
1.6094
2.7291
4.4513
5.7327
6.3174
6.1371
5.2111
3.6670
2.0091
1.3835
0.8169
0.1083
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0266
0.0380
0.0418
0.0430
0.0427
0.0405
0.0341
0.0149
qabsorbed
,outer , j , + U airspace t is , j , + hc ,o t o + hr g t g + hr sky t sky
U airspace + hc ,o + hr g + hr sky
qabsorbed
,inner , j , + U airspace t os , j , + hc ,i ti + hr , j t g , j + qbalance + q radiation ihg ,in , j ,
U airspace + hc ,i + hr , j
Initial
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
,in , j ,
qsolar
Final
tos , j ,
tis , j ,
tos , j ,
tis , j ,
77.80
76.40
75.35
75.00
75.70
77.45
80.60
85.15
90.40
96.35
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
74.4558
73.4759
72.6973
72.1118
71.9193
72.3123
73.2832
75.2826
78.3247
81.5099
74.1276
73.6983
73.3572
73.1006
73.0163
73.1884
73.6138
74.6647
76.7651
78.3464
95.32
76.08
60.80
49.31
45.53
53.24
72.30
119.38
213.48
284.32
8. The Cooling Load
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
101.95
106.15
108.95
110.00
108.95
106.50
102.65
98.10
93.55
89.70
86.20
83.40
81.30
77.80
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
85.6971
89.9042
92.8451
94.6398
95.1639
94.1976
92.0248
88.5035
85.5392
82.7004
80.1889
78.1741
76.6033
75.4285
80.5932
83.0706
84.8310
85.8326
85.9958
85.2315
83.7110
81.0223
79.4932
78.0407
76.6794
75.7568
75.0685
74.5538
384.98
495.96
574.83
619.70
627.01
592.77
524.65
404.20
335.69
270.62
209.64
168.30
137.47
114.41
Cooling Loads
N
q& system, = A j hc ,i , j (tis , j , ti ) m& a ,infiltration c p (t o ti ) q&internal ,conv ,

j =1
N
q& system, = A j hc ,i , j (tis , j , ti ) + m& a ,infiltration c p (to ti ) + q&internal ,conv ,

j =1
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Wall
471.33
450.66
439.98
411.21
453.47
366.68
441.11
387.4
505.63
533.32
593.75
633.01
692.92
755.44
813.54
855.21
879.25
794.37
751.92
639.88
670.63
536.94
543.2
491.54
Cooling Load, Btu/hr

Roof
Window Infiltration People
912.94
95.32
391.3
0
749.71
76.08
268.1
0
565.51
60.8
169.6
0
525.51
49.31
95.6
0
493.58
45.53
71
0
334.87
53.24
120.3
0
378.51
72.3
243.5
0
352.52 119.38
465.3
0
522.38 213.48
785.6
4500
623.51 284.32
1155.2
4500
774.25 384.98
1574.2
4500
965.82 495.96
1968.4
4500
1245.81 574.83
2264.1
4500
1531.46 619.7
2461.3
4500
1789.93 627.01
2535.2
4500
1930.60 592.77
2461.3
4500
2082.91 524.65
2288.8
4500
1931.97 404.2
2017.7
0
1717.79 335.69
1697.4
0
1617.98 270.62
1377
0
1469.38 209.64
1106
0
1318.83 168.3
859.5
0
1138.12 137.47
662.4
0
988.28 114.41
514.5
0
Lights Equipment
Total
921.8
614.5
3407.19
921.8
614.5
3080.85
921.8
614.5
2772.19
921.8
614.5
2617.93
921.8
614.5
2599.88
921.8
614.5
2411.39
921.8
614.5
2671.72
921.8
614.5
2860.9
4608.9
3072.6
14208.59
4608.9
3072.6
14777.85
4608.9
3072.6
15508.68
4608.9
3072.6
16244.69
4608.9
3072.6
16959.16
4608.9
3072.6
17549.4
4608.9
3072.6
17947.18
4608.9
3072.6
18021.38
4608.9
3072.6
17957.11
921.8
614.5
6684.54
921.8
614.5
6039.1
921.8
614.5
5441.78
921.8
614.5
4991.95
921.8
614.5
4419.87
921.8
614.5
4017.49
921.8
614.5
3645.03
8. The Cooling Load
8.30
A common retrofit to older buildings is to add fibreglass insulation above the

acoustic tile. For the roof in the Example 8-16, add 6 in. of fibreglass
insulation above the acoustic tiles and compute the hourly cooling loads, using
the heat balance method.
Solution: Adding 6 in fibreglass insulation above acoustic tiles

Same as Table 8-2. Roof 1 Layers, Listed from outside to inside. (Refer to Table 817b)
Conductivity,
Specific Heat,
Layer
Thickness, in.
Density, lb/ft3
2
ft -F)
1/2 in. slag or
0.5
55.0
9.96
0.40
stone
3/8 in. felt and
0.375
70.0
1.32
0.40
membrane
2 in.
heavyweight
2.0
140.0
12.0
0.20
concrete
Ceiling air
space, R = 1.0
(F-ft2-hr)/Btu
Fiberglass
6
1.2
0.25
0.23
Insulation
Acoustic tile
0.75
30.0
0.42
0.20
Same as Table 8-3. Roof CTF Coefficients (from
X n , Btu/(h-ft2-F)
Yn , Btu/(h-ft2-F)
Z n , Btu/(h-ft2-F)
n
0
18.421565774
0.001891421
2.311785784
1
-24.442342884
0.035304525
-3.675905395
2
6.611505751
0.032925868
1.540893799
3
-0.523690051
0.002854181
-0.104148989
4
0.005952081
1.44369 x 10-5
0.000365249
5
-2.67113 x 10-7
1.39615 x 10-9
-1.56572 x 10-8
6
2.014513 x 10-12
2.51190 x 10-15
1.273613 x 10-13
0.730323546
-0.082391241
0.000987299
-4.673217 x 10-8
3.978621 x 10-13
-1.031689 x10-20
All other data same as above (Problem 8-29).

Surface 6 (Roof)
hc ,o =

2
b 2
o
= 12 mph wind
Table 8-6:
Ct = 0.096 Btu/(h-ft2-F4/3)
a = 0.203 (h-ft2-F-mph)
b = 0.89
Fs g (t g4 tos4 , j , )
hr , g =
t g tos , j ,
8. The Cooling Load

4
Fs sky (t sky
t os4 , j , )
hr , sky =
t sky tos , j ,
8
= 0.1714 10 Btu hr ft 2 R 4
t sky = t o 10.8
= 0 deg
Fs g = 0.0
Fs sky = 1.0
,in , j , = 1.16 Btu hr ft 2

qsolar
qbalance
= 0.000145381 Btu / (hr ft 2 )
Radiative portion
qradiation
ihg ,in , j , =
3240 ft 2
tis = 78 F initial
hc ,i = 0.18 downward heat flow
hr , j = 0.912
t f , j = 73.81 F
X o = 18.421565774
Yo = 0.001891421
Z o = 2.311785784
A j = 900 ft 2
Hour
to
tos , j ,
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
75.86
74.64
73.67
72.94
72.70
73.19
74.40
76.59
79.75
83.39
87.52
91.41
94.33
96.27
97.00
96.27
94.57
91.90
88.74
79.55
77.80
76.40
75.35
75.00
75.70
77.45
80.60
85.15
90.40
96.35
101.95
106.15
108.95
110.00
108.95
106.50
102.65
98.10
Radiative
portion of
internal heat
gain, Btu/hr
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
5452.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
qradiation
ihg ,in , j , ,
Btu/(hr-ft2)
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
1.682865
0.228551
0.228551
8. The Cooling Load
20
21
22
23
24
85.58
82.91
80.48
78.53
77.07
93.55
89.70
86.20
83.40
81.30
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
740.5
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
0.228551
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
tos , j ,
tis , j ,
H out , j ,
H in , j ,
85.9623
80.5683
78.7324
77.7634
77.1969
74.1636
74.0934
72.5218
72.5451
74.5344
77.8622
83.7972
91.8507
99.6776
109.6422
115.9635
116.1266
116.4963
114.6622
107.4077
103.3641
97.9290
92.7770
85.7356
76.6359
76.3246
76.0565
75.7671
75.6352
75.5253
75.3422
75.2051
75.5439
75.7470
75.9252
77.4119
76.4487
77.7050
78.3952
79.2971
80.0221
79.9122
79.7368
79.5591
77.8678
78.7250
77.6236
77.2037
-1621.75
-1510.56
-1474.23
-1455.64
-1444.20
-1378.56
-1373.73
-1325.13
-1304.60
-1326.82
-1354.11
-1437.02
-1577.70
-1729.11
-1943.42
-2097.10
-2133.12
-2183.93
-2171.93
-2036.68
-1971.29
-1864.04
-1759.48
-1613.84
179.0263
177.9768
177.0677
176.0844
175.6365
175.2683
174.6450
174.1815
173.8802
174.5679
175.1681
180.2173
176.9236
181.1850
183.5154
186.5732
189.0407
190.1202
189.5267
188.9357
183.1864
186.1145
182.3752
180.9592
751.02
700.59
657.15
610.26
588.90
571.10
541.43
519.23
574.11
607.02
635.88
876.73
720.69
924.22
1036.02
1182.13
1299.58
1281.77
1253.36
1224.58
950.58
1089.46
911.02
843.00
Then,
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Wall
471.33
450.66
439.98
411.21
453.47
366.68
441.11
387.40
Roof
751.02
700.59
657.15
610.26
588.90
571.10
541.43
519.23
Cooling Load, Btu/hr

Window Infiltration People
95.32
391.30
0
76.08
268.10
0
60.80
169.60
0
49.31
95.60
0
45.53
71.00
0
53.24
120.30
0
72.30
243.50
0
119.38
465.30
0
Lights
921.8
921.8
921.8
921.8
921.8
921.8
921.8
921.8
Equipment
614.5
614.5
614.5
614.5
614.5
614.5
614.5
614.5
Total
3245.27
3031.73
2863.83
2702.68
2695.20
2647.62
2834.64
3027.61
8. The Cooling Load
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
505.63
533.32
593.75
633.01
692.92
755.44
813.54
855.21
879.25
794.37
751.92
639.88
670.63
536.94
543.20
491.54
574.11
607.02
635.88
876.73
720.69
924.22
1036.02
1182.13
1299.58
1281.77
1253.36
1224.58
950.58
1089.46
911.02
843.00
213.48
284.32
384.98
495.96
574.83
619.70
627.01
592.77
524.65
404.20
335.69
270.62
209.64
168.30
137.47
114.41
785.60
1155.20
1574.20
1968.40
2264.10
2461.30
2535.20
2461.30
2288.80
2017.70
1697.40
1377.00
1106.00
859.50
662.40
514.50
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
4500
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4608.9
4608.9
4608.9
4608.9
4608.9
4608.9
4608.9
4608.9
4608.9
921.8
921.8
921.8
921.8
921.8
921.8
921.8
3072.6
3072.6
3072.6
3072.6
3072.6
3072.6
3072.6
3072.6
3072.6
614.5
614.5
614.5
614.5
614.5
614.5
614.5
14260.32
14761.36
15370.31
16155.60
16434.04
16942.16
17193.27
17272.91
17173.78
6034.34
5574.67
5048.38
4473.15
4190.50
3790.39
3499.75
8.31
Compute the total hourly cooling loads for the building described by the plans
and specifications furnished by your instructor, using the heat balance method.
8.32
Compute the sol-air temperatures for a west-facing wall in Amarillo, Texas for
conditions. The wall has a solar absorption of 0.8, a thermal emissivity of 0.9,
and an exterior surface conductance of 3.0 Btu/(hr-ft2-F).
Solution:
cos = cos 48.56 = 0.6618 , t o = 96 F
te = to + Gt ho R ho
R ho = 0 F for vertical surfaces.
Gt = GD + Gd = 178.64 + 18.62 = 197.26 Btu/(hr-ft2)
= 0 .8
ho = 3.0 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
te = 96 + (0.8)(167.26 3.0) 0 = 148.60 F.
8.33
Compute the sol-air temperatures for a south-facing wall in Billings, Montana

for each hour of the day on July 21. Assume 0.4 percent outdoor design
conditions. The wall has a solar absorption of 0.8, a thermal emissivity of 0.9,
and an exterior surface conductance of 3.0 Btu/(hr-ft2-F).
Solution:
cos = cos 48.56 = 0.6618 , t o = 93 F
8. The Cooling Load
Gt = GD + Gd = 176.78 + 18.43 = 195.21 Btu/(hr-ft2)
= 0 .8
te = 93 + (0.8)(195.21 3.0) 0 = 145.06 F.
Amarillo, Texas.
Solution:
8.34
j =0
j =0
5
j =0
5
j =0
tj
j+2
tj
j+2
Table 6-2:
j tj
0
1
2
3
4
5
-0.00885
2.71235
-0.62062
-7.07329
9.75995
-3.89922

0.00885 + 2.71235 cos 48.56 0.62062(cos 48.56 )2
q& Direct = 100(0.8)(178.64 )
3
4
5
7.07329(cos 48.56 ) + 9.75995(cos 48.56 ) 3.89922(cos 48.56 )
0.00885 2.71235 0.62062 7.07329 9.75995 3.89922
q& diffuse = 100(0.8)(2 )(18.62 )
+
2
3
4
5
6
7
q& diffuse = 1190.207 Btu/hr
8. The Cooling Load
Billings, Montana.
Solution:
8.35

5
j =0
j =0
5
j =0
5
j =0
tj
j+2
tj
j+2
Table 6-2:
j tj
0
1
2
3
4
5
-0.00885
2.71235
-0.62062
-7.07329
9.75995
-3.89922

0.00885 + 2.71235 cos 48.56 0.62062(cos 48.56 )2
q& Direct = 100(0.8)(176.78)
3
4
5
7.07329(cos 48.56 ) + 9.75995(cos 48.56 ) 3.89922(cos 48.56 )
0.00885 2.71235 0.62062 7.07329 9.75995 3.89922
q& diffuse = 100(0.8)(2 )(18.43)
+
2
3
4
5
6
7
8.36
Compute the solar irradiation and sol-air temperatures for a flat roof for the
conditions of Problem 8-32.
Solution: Table B-1a, Amarillo, Texas, Latitude = 35.23 deg, Longitude = 101.70 deg
Dry bulb at 0.4 percent = 96 F, DR = 23.3 F, wind speed = 15 mph
A = 346.6 Btu/hr-ft2, B = 0.186, C = 0.138
l = 35.23 deg
8. The Cooling Load
For horizontal surface

cos = sin
C
Gt = cos +
3 C N G ND
(
)
C
N
C N = 1.0
l = 35.23 deg, d = 20.6 deg
At 3:00 P.M.
h , afternoon = (TIME )(15) = (3)(15) = 45 deg
Then,
= sin 1 (cos 35.23 cos 45 cos 20.6 + sin 35.23 sin 20.6)
= 48.04
A
346.6
GND =
=
= 269.9 Btu/(hr-ft2)
0
.
186
exp B
exp
sin 48.04
sin
Gt = (sin 48.04 + 0.138)(269.9) = 238
t o = 96 F
= 0 .8
te = 96 + (0.8)(238 3.0) 0 = 159.47 F.
8.37
If wall 2 from Table 8-17a is exposed to the sol-air temperature profile shown
in Table 8-16, compute the conduction heat flux for hour 17. The room air
temperature is 74 F. Use periodic response factors.
Solution:
Table 8-18, wall 2, Periodic Response Factor

Wall 2
Y
YP 0 0.000520
YP1 0.001441
YP 2 0.006448
YP 3 0.012194
YP 4 0.015366
YP 5 0.016223
YP 6 0.015652
YP 7
0.014326
YP 8
0.012675
YP 9
0.010957
8. The Cooling Load
YP10
YP14
YP15
0.009313
0.007816
0.006497
0.005360
0.004395
0.003587
YP16
0.002915
YP17
0.002362
YP18
0.001909
YP19
0.001539
YP 20
0.001239
0.000996
0.000799
0.000641
YP11
YP12
YP13
YP 21
YP 22
YP 23
Table 8-16. Sol-air Temperature

Hour te , F
1
80.7
2
79.7
3
78.8
4
78.2
5
78.0
6
78.4
7
80.7
8
87.1
9
92.9
10
98.3
11 103.6
12 108.9
13 120.3
14 138.1
15 151.2
16 157.8
17 157.3
18 148.6
19 131.0
20 101.4
21
86.8
22
84.7
23
83.0
24
81.8
Equation 8-73.
8. The Cooling Load
qconduction
= YPn (t e , j , n t rc )
, in , j ,
23
n=0
t rc = 74 F
Then. For hour 17.
qconduction
= YP 0 (te , j ,17 74 ) + YP1 (te , j ,16 74 ) + YP 2 (te , j ,15 74 ) + YP 3 (te , j ,14 74 )
, in , j ,17
+ YP 4 (te , j ,13 74 ) + YP 5 (te , j ,12 74 ) + YP 6 (te , j ,11 74 ) + YP 7 (te , j ,10 74 ) + YP 8 (te , j , 9 74 )
+ YP 9 (t e , j ,8 74 ) + YP10 (t e, j , 7 74 ) + YP11 (te , j , 6 74 ) + YP12 (te , j ,5 74 ) + YP13 (te , j , 4 74 )
+ YP14 (t e , j , 3 74 ) + YP15 (t e , j , 2 74 ) + YP16 (t e, j ,1 74 ) + YP17 (t e , j , 24 74 ) + YP18 (t e , j , 23 74 )
+ YP19 (t e , j , 22 74 ) + YP 20 (te , j , 22 74 ) + YP 21 (t e, j , 21 74 ) + YP 22 (te , j , 20 74 ) + YP 23 (t e , j ,19 74 )
(
)
(
)
(
)
q conduction
,in , j ,17 = 0.000520 157.3 74 + 0.001441 157.8 74 + 0.006448 151.2 74
+ 0.012194(138.1 74) + 0.015366(120.3 74) + 0.016223(108.9 74)
+ 0.015652(103.6 74 ) + 0.014326(98.3 74 ) + 0.012675(92.9 74) + 0.010957(87.1 74)
+ 0.009313(80.7 74) + 0.007816(78.4 74) + 0.006497(78 74) + 0.005360(78.2 74)
+ 0.004395(78.8 74) + 0.003587(79.7 74 ) + 0.002915(80.7 74) + 0.002362(81.8 74)
+ 0.001909(83 74) + 0.001539(84.7 74) + 0.001239(86.8 74) + 0.000996(101.4 74)
+ 0.000799(131 74) + 0.000641(148.6 74)
q conduction
= 4.31058 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, in , j ,17
8.38
If wall 3 from Table 8-17a is exposed to the sol-air temperature profile shown
in Table 8-16, compute the conduction heat flux for each hour of the day. The
room air temperature is 72 F. Use periodic response factors.
Solution:
Wall 3
Y
YP 0 0.000530
YP1 0.000454
YP 2 0.000446
YP 3 0.000727
YP 4
YP 5
0.001332
YP 6
0.002544
YP 7
0.002884
YP 8
0.003039
YP 9
0.003046
YP10
0.002949
0.002783
0.002576
YP11
YP12
0.002005
8. The Cooling Load
YP13
YP14
YP15
0.002349
0.002116
0.001889
YP16
0.001672
YP17
0.001471
YP18
0.001286
YP19
0.001119
YP 20
0.000970
0.000838
0.000721
YP 21
YP 22
YP 23
0.000619

Hour te , F
1
80.7
2
79.7
3
78.8
4
78.2
5
78.0
6
78.4
7
80.7
8
87.1
9
92.9
10
98.3
11 103.6
12 108.9
13 120.3
14 138.1
15 151.2
16 157.8
17 157.3
18 148.6
19 131.0
20 101.4
21
86.8
22
84.7
23
83.0
24
81.8
Equation 8-73.
qconduction
, in , j ,
23
n=0
t rc = 72 F
Then. For hour 17.
8. The Cooling Load
q conduction
= YP 0 (t e , j ,17 72 ) + YP1 (t e , j ,16 72 ) + YP 2 (t e , j ,15 72 ) + YP 3 (t e , j ,14 72 )
, in , j ,17
+ YP 4 (t e , j ,13 72 ) + YP 5 (t e , j ,12 72 ) + YP 6 (t e , j ,11 72 ) + YP 7 (t e , j ,10 72 ) + YP 8 (t e , j ,9 72 )
+ YP 9 (t e , j ,8 72 ) + YP10 (t e , j , 7 72 ) + YP11 (t e , j , 6 72 ) + YP12 (t e , j , 5 72 ) + YP13 (t e , j , 4 72 )
+ YP14 (t e , j ,3 72 ) + YP15 (t e , j , 2 72 ) + YP16 (t e , j ,1 72 ) + YP17 (t e , j , 24 72 ) + YP18 (t e , j , 23 72 )
+ YP19 (t e , j , 22 72 ) + YP 20 (t e, j , 22 72 ) + YP 21 (t e , j , 21 72 ) + YP 22 (t e , j , 20 72 ) + YP 23 (t e , j ,19 72 )
(
)
(
)
(
)
q conduction
,in , j ,17 = 0.000530 157.3 72 + 0.000454 157.8 72 + 0.000446 151.2 72
+ 0.000727(138.1 72) + 0.001332(120.3 72) + 0.002005(108.9 72)
+ 0.002544(103.6 72 ) + 0.002884(98.3 72 ) + 0.003039(92.9 72 ) + 0.003046(87.1 72)
+ 0.002949(80.7 72) + 0.002783(78.4 72) + 0.002576(78 72) + 0.002349(78.2 72 )
+ 0.002116(78.8 72) + 0.001889(79.7 72 ) + 0.001672(80.7 72 ) + 0.001471(81.8 72)
+ 0.001286(83 72) + 0.001119(84.7 72) + 0.000970(86.8 72) + 0.000838(101.4 72)
+ 0.000721(131 72) + 0.000619(148.6 72)
q conduction
= 0.860298 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, in , j ,17
Tabulation; Conduction Heat Fluxes
q , Btu/(hr-ft2)
Hour
1
1.834797
2
1.823278
3
1.772074
4
1.692400
5
1.594165
6
1.485286
7
1.371827
8
1.258399
9
1.148681
10
1.046254
11
0.955537
12
0.881414
8.39
Hour
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
q , Btu/(hr-ft2)
0.827812
0.797059
0.790339
0.809799
0.860298
0.946962
1.070471
1.224457
1.395286
1.562934
1.703281
1.796333
If roof 2 from Table 8-17b is exposed to the sol-air temperature profile shown
in the last column of Table 8-23, compute the conduction heat flux for hour
15. The room air temperature is 73 F. Use periodic response factors.
Solution:
Table 8-18, roof 2, Periodic Response Factor
Roof 2
Y
YP 0 0.000004
YP1 0.000658
YP 2 0.004270
YP 3 0.007757
YP 4 0.008259
8. The Cooling Load
YP 5
0.006915
YP 6
0.005116
YP 7
0.003527
YP 8
0.002330
YP 9
0.001498
YP10
YP14
YP15
0.000946
0.000591
0.000366
0.000225
0.000138
0.000085
YP16
0.000052
YP17
0.000032
YP18
0.000019
YP19
0.000012
YP 20
0.000007
0.000004
0.000003
0.000002
YP11
YP12
YP13
YP 21
YP 22
YP 23

Hour te , F
1
68.68
2
67.64
3
66.67
4
65.94
5
65.70
6
66.19
7
67.40
8
79.70
9
103.30
10 126.35
11 147.44
12 164.75
13 176.70
14 182.67
15 182.16
16 175.01
17 162.12
18 144.25
19 122.84
20
99.56
21
77.70
8. The Cooling Load
22
23
24
73.48
71.53
70.07
Equation 8-73.
qconduction
, in , j ,
23
n=0
t rc = 73 F
Then. For hour 15.
qconduction
= YP 0 (t e, j ,15 73) + YP1 (te , j ,14 73) + YP 2 (t e , j ,13 73) + YP 3 (t e , j ,12 73)
, in , j ,15
+ YP 4 (te , j ,11 73) + YP 5 (t e , j ,10 73) + YP 6 (t e , j , 9 73) + YP 7 (te , j ,8 73) + YP 8 (te , j , 7 73)
+ YP 9 (t e , j , 6 73) + YP10 (t e , j , 5 73) + YP11 (te , j , 4 73) + YP12 (t e , j , 3 73) + YP13 (t e , j , 2 73)
+ YP14 (t e , j ,1 73) + YP15 (te , j , 24 73) + YP16 (te , j , 23 73) + YP17 (te , j , 22 73) + YP18 (te , j , 21 73)
+ YP19 (t e , j , 20 73) + YP 20 (te , j ,19 73) + YP 21 (t e , j ,18 73) + YP 22 (t e , j ,17 73) + YP 23 (t e , j ,16 73)
(
)
(
)
(
)
q conduction
,in , j ,15 = 0.000004 182.16 73 + 0.0000658 182.67 73 + 0.004270 176.7 73
+ 0.007757(164.75 73) + 0.008259(147.44 73) + 0.006915(126.35 73)
+ 0.005116(103.3 73) + 0.003527(79.7 73) + 0.002330(67.4 73) + 0.001498(66.19 73)
+ 0.000946(65.7 73) + 0.000591(65.94 73) + 0.000366(66.67 73) + 0.000225(67.64 73)
+ 0.000138(68.68 73) + 0.000085(70.07 73) + 0.000052(71.53 73) + 0.000032(73.48 73)
+ 0.000019(77.7 73) + 0.000012(99.56 73) + 0.000007(122.84 73) + 0.000004(144.25 73)
+ 0.000003(162.12 73) + 0.000002(175.01 73)
qconduction
= 2.352221 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, in , j ,15
8.40
If roof 3 from Table 8-17b is exposed to the sol-air temperature profile shown
in the last column of Table 8-23, compute the conduction heat flux for each
hour of the day. The room air temperature is 72 F. Use periodic response
factors.
Solution:
Roof 3
Y
YP 0 0.001590
YP1 0.002817
YP 2 0.006883
YP 3 0.009367
YP 4 0.009723
YP 5 0.009224
YP 6 0.008501
YP 7
0.007766
YP 8
0.007076
8. The Cooling Load
YP 9
0.006443
YP10
YP14
YP15
0.005865
0.005338
0.004859
0.004422
0.004025
0.003664
YP16
0.003335
YP17
0.003035
YP18
0.002763
YP19
0.002515
YP 20
0.002289
0.002083
0.001896
0.001726
YP11
YP12
YP13
YP 21
YP 22
YP 23

Hour te , F
1
68.68
2
67.64
3
66.67
4
65.94
5
65.70
6
66.19
7
67.40
8
79.70
9
103.30
10 126.35
11 147.44
12 164.75
13 176.70
14 182.67
15 182.16
16 175.01
17 162.12
18 144.25
19 122.84
20
99.56
21
77.70
22
73.48
23
71.53
24
70.07
Equation 8-73.
8. The Cooling Load
qconduction
, in , j ,
23
n=0
t rc = 72 F
Then. For hour 15.
q conduction
= YP 0 (t e , j ,15 72 ) + YP1 (t e , j ,14 72 ) + YP 2 (t e , j ,13 72 ) + YP 3 (t e , j ,12 72 )
, in , j ,15
+ YP 4 (t e , j ,11 72 ) + YP 5 (t e , j ,10 72 ) + YP 6 (t e , j ,9 72 ) + YP 7 (t e , j ,8 72 ) + YP 8 (t e , j , 7 72 )
+ YP 9 (t e , j , 6 72 ) + YP10 (t e , j ,5 72 ) + YP11 (t e , j , 4 72 ) + YP12 (t e, j ,3 72 ) + YP13 (t e, j , 2 72 )
+ YP14 (t e , j ,1 72 ) + YP15 (t e , j , 24 72 ) + YP16 (t e , j , 23 72 ) + YP17 (t e , j , 22 72 ) + YP18 (t e, j , 21 72 )
+ YP19 (t e , j , 20 72 ) + YP 20 (t e, j ,19 72 ) + YP 21 (t e , j ,18 72 ) + YP 22 (t e , j ,17 72 ) + YP 23 (t e , j ,16 72 )
(
)
(
)
(
)
q conduction
,in , j ,15 = 0.001590 182.16 72 + 0.002817 182.67 72 + 0.006883 176.7 72
+ 0.009367(164.75 72) + 0.009723(147.44 72) + 0.009224(126.35 72)
+ 0.008501(103.3 72) + 0.007766(79.7 72) + 0.007076(67.4 72) + 0.006443(66.19 72)
+ 0.005865(65.7 72) + 0.005338(65.94 72) + 0.004859(66.67 72) + 0.004422(67.64 72)
+ 0.004025(68.68 72) + 0.003664(70.07 72) + 0.003335(71.53 72) + 0.003035(73.48 72)
+ 0.002763(77.7 72) + 0.002515(99.56 72 ) + 0.002289(122.84 72) + 0.002083(144.25 72)
+ 0.001896(162.12 72) + 0.001726(175.01 72)
q conduction
= 4.135683 Btu/(hr-ft2)
, in , j ,15
q , Btu/(hr-ft2)
Hour
1
5.318479
2
4.835486
3
4.376813
4
3.945417
5
3.541579
6
3.165454
7
2.818726
8
2.504999
9
2.242781
10
2.094136
11
2.132466
12
2.384542
8.41
Hour
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
q , Btu/(hr-ft2)
2.833505
3.436577
4.135683
4.865839
5.560573
6.156739
6.600222
6.849346
6.878035
6.680250
6.293914
5.815357
If wall 2 from Table 8-17a is exposed to the sol-air temperature profile

calculated in Problem 8-31, compute the conduction heat flux for each hour of
the day. The room air temperature is 74 F. Use periodic response factors.
Determine the transmitted and absorbed solar radiation through a 100 ft2
Amarillo, Texas.
Solution:
8.42
8. The Cooling Load

5
j =0
j =0
5
j =0
5
j =0
tj
j+2
tj
j+2
Table 6-2:
j tj
0
1
2
3
4
5
-0.00885
2.71235
-0.62062
-7.07329
9.75995
-3.89922

0.00885 + 2.71235 cos 48.56 0.62062(cos 48.56)2
3
4
q& Direct = 100(0.8)(178.64) 7.07329(cos 48.56) + 9.75995(cos 48.56)
3.89922(cos 48.56)

0.00885 2.71235 0.62062 7.07329 9.75995
+
2
3
4
5
6
q& diffuse = 100(0.8)(2)(18.62)

3.89922

Transmitted solar heat gain
q&TSHG = ASL (SC )TSHGFsunlit + Ashade (SC )TSHGFshade
j
5
5
t
TSHGFsunlit = GD t j [cos ] + 2Gd j
j =0
j =0 j + 2
5
t
TSHGFshade = 2Gd j
j =0 j + 2
q&TSHG = q& Direct + q& diffuse = 12023.87 + 1190.207 = 13214.08 Btu/hr
Absorbed solar heat gain
q& ASHG = [ASL (SC ) ASHGFsunlit + Ashade (SC )ASHGFshade ]N i
j
5
5
a
ASHGFsunlit = GD a j [cos ] + 2Gd j
j =0
j =0 j + 2
5
a
ASHGFshade = 2Gd j
j =0 j + 2
8. The Cooling Load

hi
= 0.267 from page 180, Chapter 6.
hi + ho
Table 6-2:
j aj
Ni =
0
1
2
3
4
5
0.01154
0.77674
-3.94657
8.57811
-8.38135
3.01188
a j [cos ] = 0.01154 + 0.77674 cos 48.56 3.94657(cos 48.56 ) + 8.57811(cos 48.56 )

2
j =0
8.38135(cos 48.56 ) + 3.01188(cos 48.56 )

4
a j [cos ] = 0.0581
j =0
0.01154 0.77674 3.94657 8.57811 8.38135 3.01188

= 2
+
j =0 j + 2
2
3
4
5
6
7
5
a
2 j = 0.0541
j =0 j + 2
Ashade = 0
5
aj
j
5
5
a
q& ASHG = ASL GD a j [cos ] + 2Gd j N i

j =0 j + 2
j =0
q& ASHG = (100)(0.8)[(178.64)(0.0581) + (18.62)(0.0541)](0.267 )

q& ASHG = 243.2 Btu/hr
8.43
Determine the transmitted and absorbed solar radiation through a 100 ft2
Billings, Montana.
Solution:
5
j =0

j =0
5
j =0
5
j =0
tj
j+2
tj
j+2
8. The Cooling Load
Table 6-2:
j tj
0
1
2
3
4
5
-0.00885
2.71235
-0.62062
-7.07329
9.75995
-3.89922

0.00885 + 2.71235 cos 48.56 0.62062(cos 48.56 )2
&q Direct = 100(0.8)(176.78)
3
4
5
7.07329(cos 48.56 ) + 9.75995(cos 48.56 ) 3.89922(cos 48.56 )
0.00885 2.71235 0.62062 7.07329 9.75995 3.89922
q& diffuse = 100(0.8)(2 )(18.43)
+
2
3
4
5
6
7

j
5
5
t
j =0
j =0 j + 2
5
t
TSHGFshade = 2Gd j
j =0 j + 2
j
5
5
a
j =0
j =0 j + 2
5
a
ASHGFshade = 2Gd j
j =0 j + 2
hi
Ni =
hi + ho
Table 6-2:
j aj
0
1
2
3
4
5
0.01154
0.77674
-3.94657
8.57811
-8.38135
3.01188
8. The Cooling Load

j
a j [cos ] = 0.01154 + 0.77674 cos 48.56 3.94657(cos 48.56 ) + 8.57811(cos 48.56 )

2
j =0
8.38135(cos 48.56 ) + 3.01188(cos 48.56 )

4
a j [cos ] = 0.0581
j =0
0.01154 0.77674 3.94657 8.57811 8.38135 3.01188

= 2
+
j+2
2
3
4
5
6
7
5
a
2 j = 0.0541
j =0 j + 2
Ashade = 0
5
aj
j =0
j
5
5
a

j =0 j + 2
j =0
q& ASHG = (100)(0.8)[(176.78)(0.0581) + (18.43)(0.0541)](0.267 )

8.44
For the conduction heat fluxes determined in Problem 8-37, determine the
hourly conduction heat gains if the wall area is 800 ft2, and determine the
hourly cooling loads if the zone matches the MW 1 zone from Table 8-21. Plot
and compare the hourly heat gains vs. the hourly cooling loads.
Solution:
Wall 2
Y
YP 0 0.000520
YP1 0.001441
YP 2 0.006448
YP 3 0.012194
YP 4 0.015366
YP 5 0.016223
YP 6 0.015652
YP 7
0.014326
YP 8
0.012675
YP 9
0.010957
YP10
YP11
YP12
YP13
0.009313
0.007816
0.006497
0.005360
YP14
YP15
0.004395
0.003587
YP16
0.002915
YP17
0.002362
8. The Cooling Load
YP18
0.001909
YP19
0.001539
YP 20
0.001239
YP 21
YP 22
YP 23
0.000996
0.000799
0.000641

Hour te , F
1
80.7
2
79.7
3
78.8
4
78.2
5
78.0
6
78.4
7
80.7
8
87.1
9
92.9
10
98.3
11 103.6
12 108.9
13 120.3
14 138.1
15 151.2
16 157.8
17 157.3
18 148.6
19 131.0
20 101.4
21
86.8
22
84.7
23
83.0
24
81.8
Equation 8-73.
qconduction
, in , j ,
23
n=0
t rc = 74 F
Cooling load at the current hour
q& ,CL = r0 q& + r1q& + r2 q& 2 + r3 q& 3 + L + r23 q& 23
Radiant Time Factors for MW1 Zone (Nonsolar for wall)
MW1
r
r0 0.5166863
r1 0.2083323
8. The Cooling Load
r2
r3
r4
r5
0.1084617
0.0623217
0.0378535
0.0237341
r6
0.0151477
r7
0.0097658
r8
0.0063351
r9
0.0041280
r10
r14
r15
0.0027008
0.0017737
0.0011722
0.0007799
0.0005248
0.0003575
r16
0.0002476
r17
0.0001764
r18
0.0001313
r19
0.0001009
r20
0.0000790
r21
r22
r23
0.0000673
0.0000581
0.0000518
r11
r12
r13
Heat Gain Type
Recommended Radiative
Fraction
Recommended Convective
Fraction
Conduction heat gain

through walls
0.63
0.37

Hour
q conduction
,
, in , j ,
2
Btu/(hr-ft )
q& conduction ,in , j , ,

Btu/hr
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6.826660
6.123124
5.416716
4.744078
4.124142
3.565991
3.074145
2.653095
2.316047
2.090090
5461.328
4898.499
4333.373
3795.262
3299.314
2852.793
2459.316
2122.476
1852.838
1672.072
Radiative Heat
Gain,
Btuhr
3440.637
3086.054
2730.025
2391.015
2078.568
1797.259
1549.369
1337.16
1167.288
1053.405
Convective
Heat Gain,
Btuhr
2020.691
1812.445
1603.348
1404.247
1220.746
1055.533
909.9469
785.3161
685.5499
618.6666
8. The Cooling Load
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1.995356
2.033981
2.196728
2.476091
2.894856
3.501937
4.310580
5.267715
6.268377
7.175417
7.832174
8.091384
7.930616
7.463121
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1596.285
1627.185
1757.382
1980.873
2315.885
2801.550
3448.464
4214.172
5014.702
5740.334
6265.739
6473.107
6344.493
5970.497
q& ,CL , Radiative Cooling
Load
Btuhr
3589.827
3339.806
3049.102
2743.216
2439.781
2150.43
1882.753
1642.257
1435.515
1272.891
1164.409
1115.414
1126.43
1196.284
1330.703
1544.805
1848.453
2232.64
2667.183
3104.091
3481.797
3734.36
3825.4
3765.087
1005.659
1025.126
1107.151
1247.95
1459.007
1764.976
2172.532
2654.928
3159.262
3616.41
3947.416
4078.058
3997.03
3761.413
590.6254
602.0584
650.2315
732.9229
856.8774
1036.573
1275.932
1559.244
1855.44
2123.923
2318.324
2395.05
2347.462
2209.084
Cooling Load
Btu/hr
5610.518
5152.251
4652.45
4147.463
3660.527
3205.963
2792.7
2427.573
2121.065
1891.557
1755.035
1717.473
1776.662
1929.207
2187.58
2581.378
3124.385
3791.884
4522.623
5228.014
5800.121
6129.41
6172.862
5974.171
Plot and comparison the hourly heat gains vs. the hourly cooling loads.
8. The Cooling Load
8.45
hourly cooling loads if the zone matches the MW 2 zone from Table 8-21. Plot
Solution:
Roof 2
Y
YP 0 0.000004
YP1 0.000658
YP 2 0.004270
YP 3 0.007757
YP 4 0.008259
YP 5 0.006915
YP 6 0.005116
YP 7
0.003527
YP 8
0.002330
YP 9
0.001498
YP10
YP11
YP12
YP13
0.000946
0.000591
0.000366
0.000225
YP14
YP15
0.000138
0.000085
YP16
0.000052
YP17
0.000032
YP18
0.000019
YP19
0.000012
8. The Cooling Load
YP 20
YP 21
YP 22
YP 23
0.000007
0.000004
0.000003
0.000002

Hour te , F
1
68.68
2
67.64
3
66.67
4
65.94
5
65.70
6
66.19
7
67.40
8
79.70
9
103.30
10 126.35
11 147.44
12 164.75
13 176.70
14 182.67
15 182.16
16 175.01
17 162.12
18 144.25
19 122.84
20
99.56
21
77.70
22
73.48
23
71.53
24
70.07
Equation 8-73.
qconduction
, in , j ,
23
n=0
t rc = 73 F
q& ,CL = r0 q& + r1q& + r2 q& 2 + r3 q& 3 + L + r23 q& 23
Radiant Time Factors for MW2 Zone (Nonsolar for roof)
MW2
r
r0 0.2550941
r1 0.1139586
r2 0.0695853
r3 0.0513341
r4 0.0425855
8. The Cooling Load
r5
0.0377131
r6
0.0346113
r7
0.0324116
r8
0.0307118
r9
0.0293093
r10
r14
r15
0.0280908
0.0269960
0.0259840
0.0250392
0.0241403
0.0232829
r16
0.0224620
r17
0.0216740
r18
0.0209139
r19
0.0201816
r20
0.0194781
0.0188000
0.0181458
0.0175139
r11
r12
r13
r21
r22
r23
Heat Gain Type
Fraction
Fraction

through roof
0.84
0.16

Hour
q conduction
,
, in , j ,
2
Btu/(hr-ft )

Btu/hr
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1.327703
0.868037
0.524499
0.275061
0.095494
-0.034007
-0.126443
-0.188270
-0.214827
-0.161902
0.044532
0.440807
1.001723
1.664517
1327.703
868.037
524.499
275.061
95.494
-34.007
-126.443
-188.270
-214.827
-161.902
44.532
440.807
1001.723
1664.517
Radiative Heat
Gain,
Btuhr
1115.271
729.1511
440.5792
231.0512
80.21496
-28.5659
-106.212
-158.147
-180.455
-135.998
37.40688
370.2779
841.4473
1398.194
Convective
Heat Gain,
Btuhr
212.432
138.886
83.920
44.010
15.279
-5.441
-20.231
-30.123
-34.372
-25.904
7.125
70.529
160.276
266.323
8. The Cooling Load
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
2.352221
2.989244
3.510027
3.862843
4.013206
3.945164
3.661131
3.182315
2.560590
1.906732
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
2352.221
2989.244
3510.027
3862.843
4013.206
3945.164
3661.131
3182.315
2560.590
1906.732

Load
Btuhr
1534.366
1366.341
1219.922
1096.499
993.5208
907.2695
834.4896
773.1012
723.5337
695.0685
706.636
774.1008
900.6262
1077.049
1285.924
1505.818
1714.674
1892.026
2020.79
2088.472
2087.881
2017.739
1885.527
1714.504
1975.866
2510.965
2948.423
3244.788
3371.093
3313.938
3075.35
2673.145
2150.896
1601.655
376.355
478.279
561.604
618.055
642.113
631.226
585.781
509.170
409.694
305.077
Cooling Load
Btu/hr
1746.799
1505.227
1303.842
1140.509
1008.8
901.8284
814.2587
742.978
689.1614
669.1641
713.7611
844.6299
1060.902
1343.372
1662.279
1984.097
2276.278
2510.081
2662.903
2719.698
2673.662
2526.909
2295.222
2019.581
8. The Cooling Load
8.46
hourly cooling loads if the zone matches the HW zone from Table 8-21. Plot
Solution:
Roof 3
Y
YP 0 0.001590
YP1 0.002817
YP 2 0.006883
YP 3 0.009367
YP 4 0.009723
YP 5 0.009224
YP 6 0.008501
YP 7
0.007766
YP 8
0.007076
YP 9
0.006443
YP10
YP14
YP15
0.005865
0.005338
0.004859
0.004422
0.004025
0.003664
YP16
0.003335
YP17
0.003035
YP18
0.002763
YP19
0.002515
YP11
YP12
YP13
8. The Cooling Load
YP 20
YP 21
YP 22
YP 23
0.002289
0.002083
0.001896
0.001726

Hour te , F
1
68.68
2
67.64
3
66.67
4
65.94
5
65.70
6
66.19
7
67.40
8
79.70
9
103.30
10 126.35
11 147.44
12 164.75
13 176.70
14 182.67
15 182.16
16 175.01
17 162.12
18 144.25
19 122.84
20
99.56
21
77.70
22
73.48
23
71.53
24
70.07
Equation 8-73.
qconduction
, in , j ,
23
n=0
t rc = 72 F
q& ,CL = r0 q& + r1q& + r2 q& 2 + r3 q& 3 + L + r23 q& 23
Radiant Time Factors for HW Zone (Nonsolar for roof)
HW
r
r0 0.2241915
r1
r2
r3
r4
0.0768588
0.057783
0.0501948
0.0456539
8. The Cooling Load
r5
0.0424286
r6
0.0398994
r7
0.0377894
r8
0.03596
r9
0.0343321
r10
0.0328598
0.0315095
0.0302635
r11
r12
r13
r14
r15
0.0291043
0.0280197
0.0270197
r16
0.0260402
r17
0.0251315
r18
0.0242692
r19
0.0234499
r20
0.0226689
0.0219226
0.0212093
r21
r22
r23
0.0205246
Heat Gain Type
Fraction
Fraction

through roof
0.84
0.16

Hour
q conduction
,
, in , j ,
2
Btu/(hr-ft )

Btu/hr
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
5.318479
4.835486
4.376813
3.945417
3.541579
3.165454
2.818726
2.504999
2.242781
2.094136
2.132466
2.384542
2.833505
3.436577
6382.175
5802.583
5252.176
4734.500
4249.895
3798.545
3382.471
3005.999
2691.337
2512.963
2558.959
2861.450
3400.206
4123.892
Radiative Heat
Gain,
Btuhr
5361.027
4874.17
4411.828
3976.98
3569.912
3190.778
2841.276
2525.039
2260.723
2110.889
2149.526
2403.618
2856.173
3464.07
Convective
Heat Gain,
Btuhr
1021.148
928.413
840.348
757.520
679.983
607.767
541.195
480.960
430.614
402.074
409.433
457.832
544.033
659.823
8. The Cooling Load
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
4.135683
4.865839
5.560573
6.156739
6.600222
6.849346
6.878035
6.680250
6.293914
5.815357
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
4962.820
5839.007
6672.688
7388.087
7920.266
8219.215
8253.642
8016.300
7552.697
6978.428

Load
Btuhr
4984.0208
4877.1210
4758.3912
4631.4482
4498.7533
4362.2897
4224.0738
4086.4113
3954.7026
3844.1950
3775.5998
3762.9000
3810.6849
3915.8395
4069.1773
4257.1152
4463.0434
4668.6910
4855.7853
5007.4101
5109.3355
5151.6479
5134.5171
5073.2483
4168.768
4904.766
5605.058
6205.993
6653.024
6904.141
6933.059
6733.692
6344.265
5861.88
794.051
934.241
1067.630
1182.094
1267.243
1315.074
1320.583
1282.608
1208.431
1116.549
Cooling Load
Btu/hr
6005.1688
5805.5340
5598.7392
5388.9682
5178.7363
4970.0567
4765.2688
4567.3713
4385.3166
4246.2690
4185.0328
4220.7320
4354.7179
4575.6625
4863.2283
5191.3562
5530.6734
5850.7850
6123.0283
6322.4841
6429.9185
6434.2559
6342.9481
6189.7973
8. The Cooling Load
8.47
For the solar heat gains determined in Problem 8-41, determine the hourly
cooling loads if the zone matches the MW 1 zone from Table 8-21. Plot and
compare the hourly heat gains vs. the hourly cooling loads.
8.48
For the solar heat gains determined in Problem 8-42, determine the hourly
cooling loads if the zone matches the MW 2 zone from Table 8-21. Plot and
compare the hourly heat gains vs. the hourly cooling loads.
Solution:
5
j =0
j =0
5
j =0
5
j =0
tj
j+2
tj
j+2
Table 6-2:
j tj
0
1
2
3
4
5
-0.00885
2.71235
-0.62062
-7.07329
9.75995
-3.89922
8. The Cooling Load
q& Direct
0.00885 + 2.71235 cos 48.56 0.62062(cos 48.56)2
3
4
= 100(0.8)(178.64) 7.07329(cos 48.56) + 9.75995(cos 48.56)
3.89922(cos 48.56)

0.00885 2.71235 0.62062 7.07329 9.75995
+
2
3
4
5
6
q& diffuse = 100(0.8)(2)(18.62)

3.89922

j
5
5
t
j =0
j =0 j + 2
5
t
TSHGFshade = 2Gd j
j =0 j + 2
j
5
5
a
j =0
j =0 j + 2
5
a
ASHGFshade = 2Gd j
j =0 j + 2
hi
Ni =
hi + ho
Table 6-2:
j aj
0
1
2
3
4
5
0.01154
0.77674
-3.94657
8.57811
-8.38135
3.01188
a j [cos ] = 0.01154 + 0.77674 cos 48.56 3.94657(cos 48.56 ) + 8.57811(cos 48.56 )

2
j =0
8.38135(cos 48.56 ) + 3.01188(cos 48.56 )

4
a j [cos ] = 0.0581
j =0
2
j =0
0.01154 0.77674 3.94657 8.57811 8.38135 3.01188

= 2
+
j+2
2
3
4
5
6
7
aj
8. The Cooling Load

5
aj
j+2
Ashade = 0
= 0.0541
j =0
j
5
5
a

j =0 j + 2
j =0
q& ASHG = (100)(0.8)[(178.64)(0.0581) + (18.62)(0.0541)](0.267 )

Tabulation for other time.
TIME
6:00 A.M. IN SHADE

7:00 A.M. IN SHADE
8:00 A.M. IN SHADE
9:00 A.M. IN SHADE
10:00 A.M. IN SHADE
11:00 A.M. IN SHADE
12:00 NOON 90.00
1:00 P.M.
75.98
2:00 P.M.
62.09
3:00 P.M.
48.56
4:00 P.M.
35.84
5:00 P.M.
25.29
6:00 P.M.
20.60
Total
&
&
q
,
q
,
Heat
TSHG
ASHG
GD , Btu/(hr-ft2-F) Gd , Btu/(hr-ft -F)
Btu/hr Btu/hr Gain,
Btu/hr
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.00
19.73
1261.16 22.79 1283.95
68.92
19.63
4241.02 116.45 4357.47
130.84
19.29
9400.27 177.38 9577.65
178.64
18.62
13,214.08243.11 13457.19
204.48
17.40
15,242.35248.76 15491.11
197.04
15.04
14,746.12213.68 14959.8
129.76
9.56
9,702.76 135.56 9838.32
2
8. The Cooling Load
Recommended Radiative Recommended Convective

Fraction
Fraction
Transmitted solar radiation
1
0
Absorbed solar radiation
0.63
0.37
Radiant Time Factors for MW2 Zone (Solar for window (transmitted), nonsolar for
window (absorbed))
MW2
MW2
r
Solar
Nonsolar
r0 0.1845232 0.2550941
r1 0.0965271 0.1139586
r2 0.0678909 0.0695853
r3 0.0544979 0.0513341
r4 0.0471169 0.0425855
r5 0.0425672 0.0377131
r6 0.0394930 0.0346113
Heat Gain Type
r7
0.0372431 0.0324116
r8
0.0354716 0.0307118
r9
0.0339895 0.0293093
r10
0.0326910 0.0280908
r11
r12
r13
r14
r15
0.0315102
0.0304145
0.0293807
0.0283964
0.0274512
r16
0.0265404 0.0224620
r17
0.0256644 0.0216740
r18
0.0248185 0.0209139
r19
0.0239991 0.0201816
r20
0.0232084
0.0224435
0.0217037
0.0209893
r21
r22
r23
Hours
1
2
3
4
5
0.0269960
0.0259840
0.0250392
0.0241403
0.0232829
0.0194781
0.0188000
0.0181458
0.0175139
Transmitted Solar
Heat Gain
Radiative Portion
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Absorbed Solar Heat Gain

Radiative Portion
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Convective Portion
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
8. The Cooling Load
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Hours
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1261.16
4241.02
9400.27
13,214.08
15,242.35
14,746.12
9,702.76
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
14.358
73.364
111.749
153.159
156.719
134.618
85.403
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Transmitted Solar
Heat Gain
Radiative Portion
Cooling Load
2296.737
2206.373
2125.283
2050.5
1980.269
1913.556
1849.713
1788.342
1729.19
1672.104
1616.964
1770.772
2305.585
3393.872
4560.078
5536.922
6058.874
5641.988
4005.592
3316.949
2937.656
2697.786
2529.678
2401.49
Absorbed Solar
Heat Gain
Radiative Portion
Cooling Load
21.081
20.193
19.399
18.669
17.986
17.340
16.723
16.133
15.566
15.021
14.496
25.842
75.466
113.217
154.391
165.534
152.817
114.074
40.886
31.990
27.624
25.088
23.387
22.114
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
8.432
43.087
65.631
89.951
92.041
79.062
50.157
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Total Cooling Load

2317.818
2226.566
2144.682
2069.169
1998.255
1930.896
1866.436
1804.475
1744.756
1687.125
1631.46
1805.046
2424.138
3572.72
4804.42
5794.497
6290.753
5806.219
4046.478
3348.939
2965.28
2722.874
2553.065
2423.604
8. The Cooling Load
8.49
A room has an internal heat gain of 2000 W, 50 percent radiative and 50

percent convective, from 8 A.M. to 6 P.M., and 200 W with the same
radiative-convective split the rest of the day. If the room matches the LW zone
from Table 8-21, determine the hourly cooling loads. Plot and compute the
hourly heat gains vs. the hourly cooling loads.
Solution:
q& ,CL = r0 q& + r1q& + r2 q& 2 + r3 q& 3 + L + r23 q& 23
Radiant Time Factors for LW Zone (Nonsolar)
LW
r
r0 0.5061886
r1 0.2296165
r2 0.1186367
r3 0.0639036
r4 0.0353306
r5 0.0198884
r6 0.0113417
r7
0.0065336
r8
0.0037952
r9
0.0022230
r10
0.0013148
0.0007872
0.0004812
0.0003009
0.0001962
0.0001352
r11
r12
r13
r14
r15
8. The Cooling Load
r16
0.0000989
r17
0.0000781
r18
0.0000666
r19
0.0000598
r20
0.0000552
0.0000525
0.0000510
0.0000509
r21
r22
r23
Hours
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Radiative
Portion
Heat Gain,
W
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
100
100
100
100
100
100
Convective
Portion of
Heat Gain,
W
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
100
100
100
100
100
100
Heat Gain,
W
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
200
200
200
200
200
200
Radiative
Portion of
Cooling
Load, W
114.3982
108.5883
105.2325
103.2857
102.1520
101.4908
101.1036
100.8786
556.2718
762.8049
869.4890
926.9319
958.6695
976.5152
986.6731
992.5061
995.8759
997.8308
543.4443
337.4980
231.1580
173.9156
142.2946
124.5167
Cooling
Load, W
214.3982
208.5883
205.2325
203.2857
202.1520
201.4908
201.1036
200.8786
1556.2718
1762.8049
1869.4890
1926.9319
1958.6695
1976.5152
1986.6731
1992.5061
1995.8759
1997.8308
643.4443
437.4980
331.1580
273.9156
242.2946
224.5167
8. The Cooling Load
8.50
A room has an internal heat gain of 2000 W, 50 percent radiative and 50

percent convective, from 8 A.M. to 6 P.M., and 200 W with the same
radiative-convective split the rest of the day. If the room matches the MW 2
zone from Table 8-21, determine the hourly cooling loads. Plot and compute
the hourly heat gains vs. the hourly cooling loads.
Solution:
q& ,CL = r0 q& + r1q& + r2 q& 2 + r3 q& 3 + L + r23 q& 23
Radiant Time Factors for MW2 Zone (Nonsolar)
MW2
r
r0 0.2550941
r1 0.1139586
r2 0.0695853
r3 0.0513341
r4 0.0425855
r5 0.0377131
r6 0.0346113
r7
0.0324116
r8
0.0307118
r9
0.0293093
r10
0.0280908
0.0269960
0.0259840
0.0250392
0.0241403
r11
r12
r13
r14
8. The Cooling Load
r15
0.0232829
r16
0.0224620
r17
0.0216740
r18
0.0209139
r19
0.0201816
r20
0.0194781
0.0188000
0.0181458
0.0175139
r21
r22
r23
Hours
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Radiative
Portion
Heat Gain,
W
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
100
100
100
100
100
100
Convective
Portion of
Heat Gain,
W
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
100
100
100
100
100
100
Heat Gain,
W
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
200
200
200
200
200
200
Radiative
Portion of
Cooling
Load, W
342.5868
332.9230
324.1049
315.8900
308.1385
300.7621
293.7077
286.9350
494.7934
576.4015
618.8125
645.5066
665.0110
680.7894
694.4093
706.6597
717.9691
728.5850
524.2820
446.0156
406.7745
383.1091
366.5084
353.5212
Cooling
Load, W
442.5868
432.9230
424.1049
415.8900
408.1385
400.7621
393.7077
386.9350
1494.7934
1576.4015
1618.8125
1645.5066
1665.0110
1680.7894
1694.4093
1706.6597
1717.9691
1728.5850
624.2820
546.0156
506.7745
483.1091
466.5084
453.5212
8. The Cooling Load
8.51
Compare the results from Problems 8-49 and 8-50. How do the damping and
time delay effects of the two zones compare?
Solution:
Problem 8-49.
Dampening Effect = 2000 W - 1997.8308 W = 2.17 W, At 6:00 P.M. (Peak)
Problem 8-50.
Dampening Effect = 2000 W 1728.5850 W = 271.4 W, At 6:00 P.M. (Peak)
Therefore same time delay but Problem 8-50 has better dampening effect.
8.52
For the heat gains specified in Problem 8-17, determine the hourly sensible
and latent cooling loads if the zone is the LW zone from Table 8-21.
Solution:
Latent Heat = 20(59) = 1180 W
Lighting Load:
q& = WFu Fs
W = 2.5(4000) = 10,000 W
Fu = 1.0
Fs = 1.2
q& = (10,000)(1.0)(1.2) = 12,000 W
q& = CPFl Fu
C = 1.0 W/W
Fl = 1.0
Fu = 1.0
8. The Cooling Load

P = (1.0)(4000) = 4000 W
q& = (1.0)(4000)(1.0 )(1.0) = 4000 W

Occupants
1460
Lighting
12,000
Equipment
4,000
Total
17,460
Latent Heat Gain, W

1180
0
0
1180
Occupants
Lighting
Equipment
Total
Radiative
Percentage
70
59
70
Watts
1022
7080
2800
10,902

q& ,CL = r0 q& + r1q& + r2 q& 2 + r3 q& 3 + L + r23 q& 23
Radiant Time Factors for LW Zone (Nonsolar)
LW
r
r0 0.5061886
r1 0.2296165
r2 0.1186367
r3 0.0639036
r4 0.0353306
r5 0.0198884
r6 0.0113417
r7
0.0065336
r8
0.0037952
r9
0.0022230
r10
r14
r15
0.0013148
0.0007872
0.0004812
0.0003009
0.0001962
0.0001352
r16
0.0000989
r17
0.0000781
r18
0.0000666
r11
r12
r13
Convective
Percentage
Watts
30
438
41
4920
30
1200
6,558
8. The Cooling Load
r19
0.0000598
r20
0.0000552
0.0000525
0.0000510
0.0000509
r21
r22
r23
Hours
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
8.53
Radiative
Convective
Portion
Portion of
of
Sensible
Sensible
Heat Gain,
Heat
W
Gain, W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10902
6558
10902
6558
10902
6558
10902
6558
10902
6558
10902
6558
10902
6558
10902
6558
10902
6558
7080
4920
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sensible
Heat
Gain, W
Radiative
Portion of
Sensible
Cooling
Load, W
Sensible
Cooling
Load, W
Latent
Cooling
Load, W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17460
17460
17460
17460
17460
17460
17460
17460
17460
12000
0
0
0
0
0
0
148.0019
88.0902
53.4499
33.3379
21.6222
14.7820
10.7811
8.4558
5525.0181
8026.9619
9319.3405
10015.2101
10399.6842
10615.8732
10738.9289
10809.5916
10850.4113
8939.6332
4492.5576
2422.0254
1343.0840
758.8934
434.8782
252.1943
148.0019
88.0902
53.4499
33.3379
21.6222
14.7820
10.7811
8.4558
12083.0181
14584.9619
15877.3405
16573.2101
16957.6842
17173.8732
17296.9289
17367.5916
17408.4113
13859.6332
4492.5576
2422.0254
1343.0840
758.8934
434.8782
252.1943
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1180
1180
1180
1180
1180
1180
1180
1180
1180
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
For the heat gains specified in Problems 8-18, determine the hourly sensible
and latent cooling loads if the zone is the MW 1 zone from Table 8-21.
Solution:
Latent Heat = 40(59) = 2360 W
8. The Cooling Load
Lighting Load:
q& = WFu Fs
W = 28(750) = 21,000 W
Fu = 1.0
Fs = 1.5
q& = (21,000 )(1.0)(1.5) = 31,500 W
q& = CPFl Fu
C = 1.0 W/W
Fl = 1.0
Fu = 1.0
P = 5000 W
q& = (1.0)(5000)(1.0)(1.0) = 5000 W
Occupants
2920
Lighting
21,000
Equipment
5,000
Total
28,920
Latent Heat Gain, W

2360
0
0
2360
Occupants
Lighting
Equipment
Total
Radiative
Percentage
Watts
70
2044
59
12,390
70
3500
17,934

q& ,CL = r0 q& + r1q& + r2 q& 2 + r3 q& 3 + L + r23 q& 23
MW1
r
r0 0.5166863
r1 0.2083323
r2 0.1084617
r3 0.0623217
r4 0.0378535
r5 0.0237341
r6 0.0151477
r7
0.0097658
Convective
Percentage
Watts
30
876
41
8610
30
1500
10,986
8. The Cooling Load
r8
0.0063351
r9
0.0041280
r10
0.0027008
r11
r12
r13
r14
r15
0.0017737
0.0011722
0.0007799
0.0005248
0.0003575
r16
0.0002476
r17
0.0001764
r18
0.0001313
r19
0.0001009
r20
0.0000790
0.0000673
0.0000581
0.0000518
r21
r22
r23
Hours
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Radiative
Convective
Portion
Portion of
of
Sensible
Sensible
Heat Gain,
Heat
W
Gain, W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17,934
10,986
17,934
10,986
17,934
10,986
17,934
10,986
17,934
10,986
17,934
10,986
17,934
10,986
17,934
10,986
17,934
10,986
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sensible
Heat
Gain, W
Radiative
Portion of
Sensible
Cooling
Load, W
Sensible
Cooling
Load, W
Latent
Cooling
Load, W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28,920
28,920
28,920
28,920
28,920
28,920
28,920
28,920
28,920
0
0
0
323.1635
212.7134
141.0366
94.4100
64.0172
44.2019
31.2572
22.7744
9282.6151
13014.4061
14956.3947
16071.7173
16748.7724
17173.0030
17443.4549
17617.5528
17730.2375
8538.0169
4850.2216
2936.8790
323.1635
212.7134
141.0366
94.4100
64.0172
44.2019
31.2572
22.7744
20268.6151
24000.4061
25942.3947
27057.7173
27734.7724
28159.0030
28429.4549
28603.5528
28716.2375
8538.0169
4850.2216
2936.8790
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2360
2360
2360
2360
2360
2360
2360
2360
2360
0
0
0
8. The Cooling Load
21
0
0
0
1840.2239 1840.2239
0
22
0
0
0
1175.3459 1175.3459
0
23
0
0
0
759.1104
759.1104
0
24
0
0
0
493.8629
493.8629
0
8.54 For the heat gains specified in Problems 8-19, determine the hourly sensible
and latent cooling loads if the zone is the MW 2 zone from Table 8-21.
Solution:
Lighting Load:
q& = WFu Fs
W = 5,000 W
Fu = 1.0
Fs = 1.2
q& = (5000)(1.0)(1.2) = 6000 W
q& ,CL = r0 q& + r1q& + r2 q& 2 + r3 q& 3 + L + r23 q& 23
MW2
r
r0 0.2550941
r1 0.1139586
r2 0.0695853
r3 0.0513341
r4 0.0425855
r5 0.0377131
r6 0.0346113
r7
0.0324116
r8
0.0307118
r9
0.0293093
r10
r14
r15
0.0280908
0.0269960
0.0259840
0.0250392
0.0241403
0.0232829
r16
0.0224620
r17
0.0216740
r18
0.0209139
r19
0.0201816
r20
0.0194781
0.0188000
0.0181458
0.0175139
r11
r12
r13
r21
r22
r23
8. The Cooling Load
Heat Gain Type
Fraction
Fraction
Lighting: Recessed
fluorescent, vented to
return air
0.59
0.41
Hours
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
8.55
Radiative
Convective
Portion
Portion of
of
Sensible
Sensible
Heat Gain,
Heat
W
Gain, W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3540
2460
3540
2460
3540
2460
3540
2460
3540
2460
3540
2460
3540
2460
3540
2460
3540
2460
3540
2460
3540
2460
3540
2460
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sensible
Heat
Gain, W
Radiative
Portion of
Sensible
Cooling
Load, W
Sensible
Cooling
Load, W
Latent
Cooling
Load, W
0
0
0
0
0
0
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
6000
0
0
0
0
0
0
1100.9959
1057.7017
1017.9344
980.7315
945.5262
911.9596
1723.0093
2037.7840
2198.6593
2297.9606
2369.1977
2425.9762
2474.4650
2517.7592
2557.5265
2594.7294
2629.9347
2663.5013
1852.4516
1537.6769
1376.8016
1277.5003
1206.2631
1149.4847
1100.9959
1057.7017
1017.9344
980.7315
945.5262
911.9596
4183.0093
4497.7840
4658.6593
4757.9606
4829.1977
4885.9762
4934.4650
4977.7592
5017.5265
5054.7294
5089.9347
5123.5013
1852.4516
1537.6769
1376.8016
1277.5003
1206.2631
1149.4847
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
For the heat gains specified in Problems 8-20, determine the hourly sensible
and latent cooling loads if the zone is the HW zone from Table 8-21.
Solution:
At 4:00 P.M. Total Number of Occupants = 20 + 40 +10 = 70
Latent Heat = 70(59) = 4130 W
8. The Cooling Load
At 6:00 P.M. Total Number of Occupants = 0

Sensible Heat = 0 W
Latent Heat = 0 W
Occupants
Radiative
Percentage
Watts/occupant
70
51.1

q& ,CL = r0 q& + r1q& + r2 q& 2 + r3 q& 3 + L + r23 q& 23
q& ,CL = r0 q& + r1q& + r2 q& 2 + r3 q& 3 + L + r23 q& 23
Radiant Time Factors for HW Zone (Nonsolar for roof)
HW
r
r0 0.2241915
r1 0.0768588
r2 0.057783
r3 0.0501948
r4 0.0456539
r5 0.0424286
r6 0.0398994
r7
0.0377894
r8
0.03596
r9
0.0343321
r10
r14
r15
0.0328598
0.0315095
0.0302635
0.0291043
0.0280197
0.0270197
r16
0.0260402
r17
0.0251315
r18
0.0242692
r19
0.0234499
r20
0.0226689
0.0219226
0.0212093
0.0205246
r11
r12
r13
r21
r22
r23
Convective
Percentage
Watts/occupant
30
21.9
8. The Cooling Load
Hours
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
8.56
Radiative
Convective
Portion
Portion of
of
Sensible
Sensible
Heat Gain,
Heat
W
Gain, W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1022
438
1022
438
3066
1314
3066
1314
3066
1314
3577
1533
3577
1533
3577
1533
511
219
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sensible
Heat
Gain, W
Radiative
Portion of
Sensible
Cooling
Load, W
Sensible
Cooling
Load, W
Latent
Cooling
Load, W
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1460
1460
4380
4380
4380
5110
5110
5110
730
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
693.5878
666.3273
640.9370
617.1902
594.8819
573.8265
553.8991
534.9261
725.7382
767.4643
1208.7168
1343.6543
1437.4234
1619.1469
1716.2854
1797.3909
1243.4868
1028.9339
941.2624
880.6041
832.3848
791.4952
755.5210
723.1648
693.5878
666.3273
640.9370
617.1902
594.8819
573.8265
553.8991
534.9261
1163.7382
1205.4643
2522.7168
2657.6543
2751.4234
3152.1469
3249.2854
3330.3909
1462.4868
1028.9339
941.2624
880.6041
832.3848
791.4952
755.5210
723.1648
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1180
1180
3540
3540
3540
4130
4130
4130
590
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Compute the total hourly cooling loads for the building described by the plans
and specifications furnished by your instructor, using the RTS method.
- end -

Chapter 8

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Chapter 8

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8.

The Cooling Load

8. The Cooling Load

Determine the wall conduction transfer function coefficients for a wall

CTF Coefficients (From PRF/RTF Generator)

8. The Cooling Load

CTF Coefficients (From PRF/RTF Generator)

8. The Cooling Load

CTF Coefficients (From PRF/RTF Generator)

CTF Coefficients (From PRF/RTF Generator)

A roof is composed of asphalt roll roofing, 4 in. of 120 lb/ft3 limestone

8. The Cooling Load

CTF Coefficients (From PRF/RTF Generator)

A wall has an incident solar radiation of 300 Btu/(hr-ft2), an outside air

Conduction heat flux for each hour = qconduction

8. The Cooling Load

Utis , j , + Gt + hc to + hr g t g + hr sky t sky

t sky = t0 - 10.8 F = 95 F 10.8 F = 84.2 F

[ ( 2 )]t + [1 cos( 2 )]t

Assume tos , j , = 150 F

hc = 0.096(150 95) 3 + 0.203(15)

= 0.1714 108 Btu/(hr-ft2-R4)

Utis , j , + Gt + hc to + hr g t g + hr sky t sky

By further trial and error.

8. The Cooling Load

[0.096(159.163625 95) ] + [0.203(15) ] = 2.293004 Btu/(hr-ft -F)

tos , j , = 159.163625 + 459.67 = 618.833625

Utis , j , + Gt + hc to + hr g t g + hr sky t sky

Conduction heat flux for each hour = qconduction

8. The Cooling Load

cos cos 35.23

For vertical surface

Direct normal solar radiation

8. The Cooling Load

Spreadsheet (Solar Irradiation), neglecting energy reflected onto the surface.

For conduction heat flux for each hour = qconduction

[ ( 2 )]t + [1 cos( 2 )]t

Assume tos , j , = 150 F

8. The Cooling Load

hc = 0.096(150 95.3) 3 + 0.203(15)

= 0.1714 108 Btu/(hr-ft2-R4)

Utis , j , + Gt + hc to + hr g t g + hr sky t sky

By further trial and error.

[0.096(143.04919 95.3) ] + [0.203(15) ] = 2.28723809 Btu/(hr-ft -F)

tos , j , = 143.04919 + 459.67 = 602.71919

8. The Cooling Load

Utis , j , + Gt + hc to + hr g t g + hr sky t sky

Conduction heat flux for each hour = qconduction

Tabulation of conduction heat flux for each hour:

8. The Cooling Load

cos cos 45.80

For vertical surface

Direct normal solar radiation

8. The Cooling Load

Spreadsheet (Solar Irradiation), neglecting energy reflected onto the surface.

6:00 A.M. 90 14.61 104.68

For conduction heat flux for each hour = qconduction

[ ( 2 )]t + [1 cos( 2 )]t

8. The Cooling Load

[ ( 2 )](81.43) + [1 cos(90 2 )](92.23) = 84.59325 F

Assume tos , j , = 150 F

hc = 0.096(150 92.23) 3 + 0.203(10 )

= 0.1714 108 Btu/(hr-ft2-R4)