FAKTOR RISIKO KARAKTERISTIK LINGKUNGAN RUMAH

TERHADAP KEJADIAN TUBERKULOSIS DI PUSKESMAS KOTA

KECAMATAN LANGKE REMBONG KABUPATEN MANGGARAI
TAHUN 2014
Maria Megilda Bosri1, Dwita Anastasia Deo2, Nicholas E. Handoyo3
1
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Nusa Cendana
2
Departemen Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Nusa Cendana
3
Departemen Medical Education Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Nusa Cendana
ABSTRAK
Tuberkulosis paru adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. Pada tahun 2012, Kabupaten Manggarai menempati peringkat
ketujuh kasus tuberkulosis paru terbanyak di Nusa Tenggara Timur dan
berdasarkan survei di lapangan, keadaan lingkungan rumah penduduk banyak
yang tidak memenuhi syarat rumah sehat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk
menganalisis hubungan faktor lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian tuberkulosis
paru di Puskesmas Kota. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan
desain studi kasus kontrol. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 100 yang terdiri 50
kasus dan 50 kontrol. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat
dengan menggunakan chi square, dan multivariat dengan menggunakan regresi
logistik. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukan bahwa dari 7 variabel, terdapat 6
variabel yang memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian tuberkulosis paru, yaitu :
kepadatan penghuni rumah (p = 0,000, OR = 8,273), luas ventilasi rumah (p =
0,000, OR = 12,250), pencahayaan alami (p = 0,000, OR = 6,882), jenis lantai (p
= 0,000, OR = 0,242), dinding rumah (p = 0,000, OR = 0,077) dan kontak
serumah (p = 0,000, OR = ). Hasil analisis multivariat didapatkan variabel
ventilasi merupakan faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh dan memiliki kekuatan
hubungan terbesar terhadap kejadian tuberkulosis paru (OR = 56,659). Variabel
jenis lantai dan dinding rumah adalah faktor protektif terhadap kejadian
tuberkulosis paru, sedangkan kepadatan penghuni rumah, luas ventilasi rumah,
pencahayaan alami dan kontak serumah adalah faktor risiko terhadap kejadian
tuberkulosis paru di Puskesamas Kota.
Kata Kunci : Faktor Lingkungan Rumah, Tuberkulosis Paru, Puskesmas Kota

RISK FACTOR OF HOUSE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS

ON THE INCIDENCE OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN CITY
COMMUNITY HEALH CENTER LANGKE GEMBONG sub-DISTRICT
MANGGARAI DISTRICT 2014
Maria Megilda Bosri1, Dwita Anastasia Deo2, Nicholas E.Handoyo3
1
Faculty of Medicine University of Nusa Cendana
2 Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nusa Cendana
3 Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nusa
Cendana
ABSTRACT
Pulmonary Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. In 2012, Manggarai District ranked seventh most cases of pulmonary
tuberculosis in East Nusa Tenggara and based on field surveys on the
environmental conditions of houses there were many who do not qualify for
healthy house standard. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation
between house environment with pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in City
Community Health Center. This study was an analytic observational study with
case-control study design. The samples of this study consisted of 100 and divided
into 50 cases and 50 controls. The data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate
by using chi-square, and multivariate by using logistic regression. Bivariate
analysis showed that out of the seven variables, there are six variables that have
correlation with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis, namely: the density of
residents (p = 0.000, OR = 8.273), house ventilation (p = 0.000, OR = 12,250),
natural lighting (p = 0.000, OR = 6.882), type of floors (p = 0.000, OR = 0.242),
the walls of house (p = 0.000, OR = 0.077) and contacts between people inside
the house (p = 0.000, OR = ). Multivariate analysis found that house ventilation
was the most influential risk factor and have the most power correlation with the
incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (OR = 56.659). Type of floors and walls of
the house were protective factors on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis,
whereas the density of the residents, house ventilation, natural lighting and
contacts between people inside the house were risk factors on the incidence of
pulmonary tuberculosis in City Coummunity Health Center.
Keywords: House Environment Factors, Tuberculosis, Community Health Center