1

O R I G I N SO F ' T H E
LANGLOZ MANUSCRIPT
Hrrr.rs--f
orrchinrSchulzehrrsiclentifieclthc scribcrs -{ug-r.rst
\\'ilhelm Langkrz(l 7+5-1|'i1
I ), n'ho,
irccurdingto thc church rcqistcrslt St \lichacl's, Erturt, u'rrsbaptizeclon TJrrnuarrl7-t-i.rHis
f ' r r t h cirs i c l c n t i f i c chle r el s ' c i t i z e n ' ( B l i r u r ) a n d ' t a p s t c ro r t a \ c r n k c c p e r ' ( B i c r : i l t l i r ) . F r o r n
thc lutumn o1'17.i8,\. \\'. lalrlrt.:, asthe namc is nrlrrnallvspclled,attenclecl
the tuu'nscho<ll
(Rtttsu.l,trrtttsirrrr)
in l',rfirlt.rIn thc splinu oI'1170(agcd2-))hc uas electeclr mcmber,pl'csumr r b l r o f t h e t e r r c h i n g s t a l l . o f S t , \ n c l r o r ' ' s S c h (ocol lc c t u s c o l l c g u s t h o l u c u l S . , l n t l r c u n t ) . I n 1 7 9 5
hc bccan.rc
g^irls'tcachcr'(,lliltltcnsthullchrcr)
at St \lichael's School.In 179|Janclagair.r
in llJ0(r
he is clescribecl
irsr ergcr ol' sc\ton (klistcr) at St \ Iich rel's (,hurcl.r.' Finallr, accrlrdinsto the
r c s i s t e r so f ' S t \ l i c h r r c l ' s ,L a n g l o zc l i c col n l 5 S c p t e n ' r b e r l l J lal n c lu ' a sb u r i c c lo n l 7
chr.rrch
Scptcnrbcr.I Iere he is clescribccl
rrs'church-menrberanclschoolteachcr
in thc c<lngrcgation
of
St \lichael, rrnclnriting-mrrstcrrrttl.rco-angelicllorphrrnage'(Kirthntt'tnl Schullthrcrbcitlcr
.Ilitltucliycrneintlt'trtttl
Sthrcibtttcistt'r
un. llturt,g..
llitisenhuusc).
This is thc crtent of our knou'
lcclgcof Llng'loz.\\e c;lnsurmiscthat I-anglozspcntmost if not lll of his lif'ein Erfurt irnclthat
hc u'irsprinciprrlll itssriciittecl
u ith St,\[ichacl's(.hurch anclcmpkxeclasa schoolteirchcr.
-\ccrlrcling'
to Schulze,Lanqloz mav halc bccn a mcmber of the 'Kittel cilclc' or inclccclrr
pupil of Kittcl, sincc hc attenclecl
the Rrrl.r3
f}om 17.58.+
l,iaria.rilrrr
Johann C.hristianKittcl
(17:12-1tt09),
alsoa nrrtirc of'lr.rfurt, haclbccna pupil ofJakobAclluny,^
in L,rfurt anclalsostucliccl
u ith -f. S. Bachin Le ipzig^fi'om l7-[Uuntil the lrrtter'scleathin l7-r0.Bcfirrcrcturnins to F.rfirrt,
Kittcl nrrsempklreclin Langcnsalzi,r
fl'orr 17.i1to l7-r6ns organistat St BonifaccC.hurchancl
girls' schrroltcachcr
(,llulchcusclttrllcltrcr
or lIi'gllcinscltuhneister).
He brought u ith hilt.rIi'om
lllch's,\'rrrl1a.t.i
rrp<lrtrrritof lJach,assell ilsnutrrerousmanuscril.lts
bclong,^ing..
to l]rrch.'Intercstiny,-l\,
ls orglnist at St lilnif accKittcl succce
cleclonc-fohannGcrlrg Lang^lotz,
rrho helclthe
positionfiom lT.llJuntil his clerrthin l7-il. C,onsiclcring
that Lrrngcnsalzrr
is onlr 30 km fi'om
I lrns -forchirr Schulze, irr r pcrsorrrlconrnrunicrtion, ll Ircb. 199|J.
I Ilrrnrrnn(iolclmrnn. l)tt.\'thrilLr,lL:lit
l i r r t t r R r t s . g ; 1 , n r r , / r r z r l J ( l . r l li 9r r2t 0. ) , 6 + , i t c n t n o . 2 7 l 7 .
rtbid.
'(.ettrbrlointprorisrtion
r I lrrrs
bci.fohrnn Scbrstirn llrrch
- l o r c h i n rS c h u l z e ,
.'\.tch

\d'suclr cinel L lrcrsieht'.

d c n r ' l i r r i e d t s \ I e i s t e r s l l i t r c h l b c i t l e n t c r r u s L l c n r\ r e h l r s s n r i t c i n e n r l i l l t l e b e t l r c h t l o r c l c n s c i r r s o l l . q i n q e r

( K r s s c l : l l i i r en r c i t c r . l ( l . i l l ) . r i i . ( ) 6 7 .

oRI(;t\s

oI

IIIl,. r.t\(iLoz

\1.\\LscRIpl'

L,rlirrt,rt is likclr that .\. \\ . I -rngkrzand-1.G. Lan qlotzarerelatecl,but no clefinitc lin k hrrsbeen
cstablishecl.
Uptln returnins to l'.rfirrt in l7-r(r ls olsrtr.ristrrt thc llarfissc-Kilchc, Kittel
llttl'actecl
numcrouspupils anclbecirmcthc centreof rrncrtcnsilc group of'organists,compos
crs,itntl c<11'l-t
ists,to rrhom hc nrldc r.r.ruch
ol-Ilach'skerboarclntusicrn'rrilable
firr stucl,r.
\\ e can
cttnjectttt'citlongn ith Schulzcthrt Lang^loz
u'ls rrmongl
this group of'stuclcnts
lncl thus becrrr.nc
a ntembcrtll'the 'Kittcl circlc'."On the clcath<ll--\clluny,^
in 17(r2,Kittcl bccanreolganisto1'thc
\lurricilral (.hulch (PrrliwrA'irtltt'or Rut:I'it.r'lic/
nhile at thc ageof'17 Lirngkrz\\'listr)resLrmrlrlr still rtstudcntat thc rssociittccl
Ral.:1l,rltusirrttt
.'It nrlr hrrrc hecnrttthis l-rointthat Llng-loz
s l u c l i e cul' i t h K i t t e l , s i n c ei t u a s i n t h c f i r l l o u i n gv e a rt h a t P 2 9 6 u a s c o l . l i c cSi .i n c cK i t t e l ' sc o l lectionctlnsistetlpartli of uorks in his rxln hrrnclrrndpartlv in copicsbr his stuclcnts,\\e clln
conjccturcthrrtif-Langkrzu'crcir stuclcr.rt
of Kittel, P 29(ror its s<lurcemu'hrnc belong-ccl
to
Kittcl at one timc.\ PaulKast hrrsiclentificdthe skctcl.rcs
on p. 7-5of P 29(tasbelongingto thc
'Kittcl-Schule'.'l'his
c o n v e n i c n t l rp r o v i d c sa l i r r k b c t u c c n P 2 9 6 a n d K i t t c l ' s c i r c l c l n c l
strengthcnsthc cttnrrection
of'l.anslozu ith Kittcl :rnclof the mirnuscril:rt
u ith thc lJachcircle.
Kittcl rcr.rrainecl
at thc Prcliwrkitchr unril his clerrth
in 11i09.
\\'hilc ue hlle ntl criclcnccof it cunncctionbet\\ccn Lang-lozanclthe ncrt documcntecl
o\\'ncr,\\ estphal,there is consicle
rlble cr iclencc of-cor.rnections
betu ecn Kittcl ancl\\ estphal.
'I'hc
\\'estphrrlinclicatccl
on thc title pagcsignifiesJohrnn (,hristoph\\'estphal( 1727-99)or his
(.hlistoph. -\s \\'c cannor
sttnJtrhrtnn(,hristirrn(11i3-1ll2ll), somctimesirlsoknuun irsJ<lhann
traccP 29(rin lrrl ol'the cltaklg'ue
s of'J.(.. \\'estphalsenior,onc rlisht assumethlt this collec
titln of ltreltrdes lr.rclf uguesn'ls solclunll rrfterI ft(X)to J. (.. \\ cstphrrljunirlr.I Iou'evcr, in 179-l
thc rtlttn;Jer\\cstphal tralcllccluith his frrthcrto l.rfirrt s'herche beclmc an orsiln studentof'
Kittel, returning to l lar.r.rburs
in 1796."-'\t this time Llng5klzl oulclharc been.i0.-\lreach'br
177-t\\cstphrtl scnior lrs ollering sererrrlof -f. S. llach's uorks lirr salein Hln.rburg,citl.rcrin
tl.rrrt
the clclcr\\-estphalhrtclnrlde signiticrrnt
contactn'ith the
ltrint tlr in mlnuscript, inclicrrting
'l'huring^ian
kerbtlartlschoolo'en befirrcthc pilgrimageof 179-[.rIPerhirpscrerciscssuch irs
tl.rrlse
in P 29(rrcr-naincd
i)artof'Kittcl's irrstructionrlrcsimcn throug-houthis carccr,anclcithcr
rlf thc \\ cstlthirlsmight hlr e hatl the intcntior.rof moclcllinqhis on'n tcachingin I lirn'rburgun
Kittel's crrtnrplc.\\ hethcr P 29(ruas in tl.rcpossession
of Langkrzur Kittcl, it is possiblcthat
the \\estphals mar hinc sccurcclit nhilc thc son \\'asa stlldent of Kittcl in lrrfr.rrtlncl thcn
b r o u g h ti t b a c kt o I I a n r b u r qi n 1 7 9 ( r .
In tl.rcpcrirlcl1lt(X)l, Kittcl uncleltool rrn crtensirc concurItoul through Giittingen rrncl
Hirntlvcrto.{ltor.rl itnclHrrn.rburg,
s'hclc he stalcclfirr an cntirc rcrrr.\\ hile in Hlmbur-u,hc
unclcrttrtrkmuch tlf the prclinrinirrr urlrk firr thc ,\'cuc Chortrlltttth.liirSchltsn,it!Ilrtlstcitt,
" Schulzc.'(.cnrbrlointprorisrtion
b e i - f o l r r t r tS e b r s t i r n I h c h ' , 5 1 .
: S c h r r l z e ,i r r r p e r s o n r l
e o n r n r u n i c r r t i o n .I 2 l ' c b . l ( ) 9 f i
' 'l'hrt
t h c \ l r i l l c r \ l r n t r s t r i p t u r s t r r n s n r i t t c t lt h r o u g h K i t t c l i n t l i c r t c sh i s c r i n n e c l i o nn i t h l h c h ' s
r c r s i t r l ) L c s s .I ( ) 91) . p . r r r i .

u h i c hu l s p u
r iclcsanothe
lecting'Bac
- \ l l i n a l l ,t h e
thc pcriod I
skctches
dcs
title-plgema
At presen
lirl F r"rg'ue
22
In tercstingl
u ritc a treat
hrxr F uguesr
l a t e r ]p a r t s .
It certainlrfr
thc s<lurce
co
left rrcopr of i
If u'cirssu
his elclcstcou
itncll'as a stu
thc enclof tht
f i i t h f u l l r ,I , t
u ith J.N. Bac
lcarnccl.Sinc
sinccothersh
u ritings,it isr
irs tettchingm
til-nc betNee
J . S . B a c h .I f r
bcenrnisattr
J. S. l'as ccrta
u oulclnatura
br Kittel'scu
pnrccss.
\\'esh
q u i t c l i m i t e dt

\lbcrt l)rcet
' I hns-Jorchi
'
Ii'icdrich l,.r

l)rtrlin rrrtl Irrlq-rr

O l n r s \ c r h s , I I i l d c s h e i n r .1 9 7 * ) ,r i . S 5 1 .
" Lutlris lrinscher.'lJrch
in thc l.ishtecnth(.cnlurr'. in I)rn li.rnklin
L n i r e r s i t r l ) f c s s .l { ) i ) S } .l ( ) l .

z+

l hich u rs to hrr e
r Ibitl..
rriii r
''
Ibi(i.25.

otilGI\s

otf iltt. L,\\(;t.oz \l \\t

scRIpl'

'l'his
u l-richu'aspr-rblishccl
in 1803.1) urir-rgthis tin-rehc srrunranru1'hislilrmer studcnrs.rr
pror icleslnothet',llter link of Kittel to \\-cstphll.On thc other hrrncl,\\estphal junirlr uas still collcctingllachiirnrrasllltcils lll26, anclma\ thcrefi)rchrrre obtair.rccl
the mirnusclil-rt
rttI lltc datc.rl
\ll in rrll,thc mtlsl likelr sccnariois thrrtJ.C. \\estphal thc lounq-errrccluirecl
thc mar.ruscript
in
thc period li91-6 uhilc str.rclrinqn'ith Kittel in E,rfurt rncl mirr hinrsclf havc aclclecl
thc
'at
s k e t c h ecsl c s c r i b eicr sl ' K i t t c l - S c h u l e t h a t t i n r e . ' I ' h cf i q u r e ' 9 - [ ' i nt h c k l u c r l c f t c o r n e ro f ' r h c
titlc piry,^e
milr'in this cirscrcfb'lo the drrtcof \\estphll's lcrluisitionof the nrllruscril.lt.
-{t presentthc onlr positirc rrttribtrtionthirt canbc rnrclcconcernins^
thc contentsof'P 29(ris
filr liugue 22, rvhich\\c must prcsunrabhatlribute to l'1F.. Niedt anclclateat 17(X)rlr eilrlier.
lnteresting^h,
irt the entl of'Thc llusitul Otritlc,Plrrt1 (p. 19) \ieclt crplrrinsthat hc inrenclsro
'God n'illiny,^,
rrritc a trcatiseon thc pcrfbrmlncc of fuguesc.\'Ictul)or(i
pl.{}l)crinstructiortor-r
hon'I"ttsuesrlre to bc crtcmporizccluill be {rivcnto thc kincl r\lusic Fricnclin thc othcr li.c.
lrttcrlltarts.'rtPcrhrpsP 29(rreprescntsmateriirlthirtl'as clestincclfilr'\ieclt's ur.rfinishccl
urrrk.
It certrrinh lillkxts \icdt's methoclolog\beautifullr.Ihcl Nicdr inclecclbecn rcsponsiblcfilr
l h e s o u r c cc o l l e c t i o no f ' u h i c h t h c L a n g l o zm a n u s e l i p rt c p r c s r u t sr l c o p J ,t h c n p c r h i r p sN i c c l t
left a copvof it bchincllr'hen he lcft,fcnalirr (.opcnhagcnr ia Hamburg shorth'befirrel7(X).rl
If u c assumethat P 29(rstems f rom Nicclt,\\'ccanmekca connectioltu ithJ. S. Ilach throLry,^h
his clclcstcousin,J. \. Rach,firr '\icclt nratricr-rlatccl
at thc Universitr ofJcnrron 30 April I (r9-t
irncln asil stuclentof-fohenn\icohus llach'.riJ. N. l]rrchis tl.remastcrto u honr \iedt rcftrs at
'l'hc,llusicul(irrirlc:',fust,rs
thc cncltrl'the Introduction to Part I of
nll mastel'hrstaugl.rtn.re
t h i t h f u l l r ,I , t o o , n ' i s ht o i n s t r u c tm u s i cl u v e r sa n d c l g c r l c i r r n c r s . . . 'a, n c li t i s \ i e c l t ' s s t u c l i e s
n i t h J . N . f l a c hi n t h c l a t e 1 6 9 0 st h a t r c s u l t c di n ' l ' h c. l l u s i c u G
l u i t l c ,e sa c l i g c sot f u ' h r r h c h a c l
lclrnccl.Sincc\icclt claimsthatJ.N. I3achhacli maior in.rpact
on his rnusicrrl
clevclopment,
lnd
sinceothcrshare llso citcclthe seconcl:rrv
influcnccof,f. N. llach on-f. S. Brch throuq'hNicclt's
rrritin{s, it is rertsrlnitblc
to consicle
r that the contents<tfP 296rlriginrrtccl
onc step f urther back
itstenching^
ntatcrills prcplreclbf J.\. lirch. In that crrseonc coulcleitsih'imaginethat in thc
tinte betrtccn 1700lnd l7(ri rr confusioncoulclhalc arisenin thc attribution, fnrnt J.N. to
J.S. llach. lf the sourcchrrclnot bccn clcarlr iclentificclbr this timc, then it coulclcasilr havc
b c e n n . r i s a t t l ' i b u t co cl cl l i l l ' e r e n t l l l c h . B r l T 6 3 , t h c c l a t c o f ' t h c l . l n g l o z m a n u s c r i l . r t , t h c f a r n e o f
a tst h e r u t h o r i n ' o n m a t t c r so f t i r g u cr r n dc o u n t c r p o i n a
t ncl
J . S . u ' a sc c r t a i n h ' i nt h c i t s c e n d r r n
u'rlulclnlturrrlll be gir en thc attributionif'cloubtsarosc.'fhis trenclu'oulcllirrther bc su1-rportecl
bv Kittel's connectiontoJ. S. Ilach, if Kittcl ucre inclcecl
thc intermcclialrin the trirnsmissiulr
proccss.\\ e shoulclremcmbcr too thirttirst-l.rancl
Lnrxrleclgcof llach'smusicafterhis clcrrthn ls
q r - r i tlci m i t c c b
l ccauso
c f t h e p a u c i t ro f ' l r a i l a b l cc o p i c so r p r i n t so f ' h i sm u s l c .

\lbcrt l)rcctz../rhrtttOltrt:ttttr kiltl.lrr!rt:tt

lltth .\rhtilLr(l .cipzis: 1,'r..
I IIrtrs-forrchinrSchulzc..\tulittt
t r r B r c l t - L l ' L r l t L l t r t t n . g ( l , c i p z i gl , .t :l i t i o n l ) c r e r s ,l 9 l i 1 ) . . 1 0 . n . | i 6 .
l ) i r L t l i t rt n c l l r n r g r r t i ' l r r l o r ( O r f i r r d : O r l i r r t l [ - n i r e r s i n P r e s s .
r r h i c h r r s t o h r r c i n c l r r r l c c .l t s e c l i o n o t r l r r g u c s .
I I b r t l . .r r i i i
rir.
'
Ibi(1.15.

2-)

On the other har-rd,

Spittri'sopinion of P 296 rnal wcll bc vcrr ckrscto thc truth: 'Possiblr
plaving,collcctcclbr l pupil of Bach's,irncltrirn
thcv uerc pieccslirr practisingfigurccl-bass
scribcclbr thc saiclLangloz.'1"In volurnc thrcc, p. 120 hc commentsfurther: "l'here crrn
scarcelrbe anr cloubtthrt fl) 2961serreclrs the continuationofhis []ach'sl tholrughbassinstructions.'Schulzer ien s Spittir'scommentsirscontraclictorr,
the first clenlinglncl thc scconcl
accepting the authenticitrof'the Lang,^loz
nrlnusclipt aslcprcscntingIlach'snrlrk, u hich nls
s u r c l l n o t S p i t t a ' si n t e n t i o n . r ;
'I'hc
r l n h ' i n d i c l t i o n t h a t P 2 9 6 i s t l . r en o r k o 1 ' B a c h t h e i r t t r i b u t i r ) n
on the title pagc
must <lfcourscbe consiclered,
rlthoLry,^h
therc irrenluncrollsspr.lr'rous
irttributi<l-rs
to lllch in
nlanuscriptsfi'om the period. Huu'eler,no iruthor thrrttrcrltsot'lllch's tcrrchingmcthoclsor
compositionalpracticc- ngilhcl (..P.E., nrlr l'ilrkcl, nrlr Kirnberg-er,nor Kittel
e\cr
picccs,evcn though it uoulcl be iur obrious point firr clefencelnd
rc{crs to this sct of cliclactic
exan-rple
of Kirnbergcr's clairnthat in Bach cvcn thc firguc orisinrrtesin thoroughbrss,rs
irncl
h a d i t b c e nb l ' J . S . I l r r c hh c n o u l d p r o b a b l vh a v cu t i l i z c c il t s c l i c l a c t irca l u e f l c c l u e n t l ri n h i s
musiclcssuns,thus spreadinsits contcntsthrougl.rother kno\rn manuscril.lt
collections.
-\llie d
\lann suggcststhrrtir.rP 296 'u'c might be clcirlingn"itha clocumentpreserring llrrch'stelchir.rg
l s t r a n s m i t t c dt h r o u g ht h e n u r k o f i r p u p i l ' . r " \ \ ' h i l ct h e l a c ko f i n v c n t i v c n c si sr -trh c t h c m c sh a s
bccn citcclrrscr iclenceagainstrn ilscriptionto llach, ther rre similarin stvlc to some<lflhcl.r's
carliestfirgucthemesurittcn befirrc170[J,
suchasthc Preludcand F'ugucin A mafor,I]\r'r'll9(r,
filr crample.ln contrlst, most of his lrter sub,ectsclisphl highlv characteristic
thcmcso1'much
clualin'.Nelertheless,the orclerinqirnclmirke r.rpof'the book hrrslittlc of'Illch's slsF,-rcrtcr
tcmatizirtion.lt is inrbllancedin terms of both kcr anclmctrc sisni,rturcs.
A collcctionsuch as
the Filteen Inr entionssulllcientlvclemonstrirte
s the crhaustirc and slstcmrrticmethoclof-Rach
evennhen crciltingintcr.rtionallv
liinrrllr,thc inclusionof F ug-ue22 attributctl
dichcticn.rirtcrial.
to Nicdt must cirstscriouscl<lubtasto Rach'sauthorshipof the other pleces.
L)cspitcall this,rrrtisticmerit is the onlr reasonput fbrth firr clcnring the attribr.rtion
to lJach,
'\\'e
u'hetherbl Spittrirlr Schn-ricclcr s-l'ounds
th!1tarccliftlcultto clef encl.
knun'clistrcssing^lv
little about thc o'olution of Bach'skcrboardstr lc befirrethe irppeirrirnce
<tI'II'TC I in 1723.
Ilctl'ccn the r outhfirl "C.apricciosoprala lontirnanzacleI suo fi-atcll<l
dilcttissin.ro"
of Arr.rstaclt
anclthc lnvcntionsrrnclSinfilrrilsanclII-ZC,'Iof'(.iithen uc hn'c no prccisclr datcablcclavicr
c o m p o s i t i o n s . . {asr e s r , r l \t \, c l i i c kr tc l c r r rp i c t u l c o f l J a c h ' sc o m p o s i t i o n rlrcl t i r i t r d u r i n g t^h i s
criticll pcrioclof g5ruu'th.'r"
If lrtistic qualin'is thc issuc,thcn thc slrmcargunrentcrrnbe macle
nrorec<rnrincinglr in connectionu'ith thc Pt't'celtsurtrlPrinciplc.r,
n herethe quirlitr of'nruchof
thc uork is poor incleed.On thc othcr hlncl, lrmongcramplcsof partimcnto fugue, thoseof

P r s q u i n iH
, e
mar bc in da
numbcr of co
contrapunta
S c h m i e d e r<
'
numtrer of e
authenticit\"
If theattrib
carl'ierlcarsa
ir.rtensclv
invo
i n g n o u l dc o i
In tl.riscaseth
possiblra hvt
bodv ofteach
Thc possi
mav be thc po
gcnerll simil
bctn eenpiec
conncctions
b
unitbrmitt'of
sibleerccptio
\ieclt. Them
Ler scquenc
l singleautho
As ne har,
clcarlr rrttrib
Othcr compo
Scbrstian's
br
s t r l i s t i co n eb
KuhniruandP
t i o n sn ' i t hE r f
cr cr, Handelr
beronclimag
i,lnothe
r conte
''

i i . 1 0 7n. . 1 - i i
r : S c h u l z e' (. . e t t t b r l o i m p rios ri t t i o n
bci.lohrnn
S e b r s t i alnt r c h ' .1 2 .
\ \ i r l l l ' . c c l l. ',l t t . \ t t t , B t t l t l ? c t J L r ( \ e u \ i r r L r n rLi o n t k r n : \ \ . \ \ . \ o r t o n . l 9 9 t i ) . . 1 2 0 .
\ \ ' i l l i r n r s( ( . r m b r i t l s e (: . r n r b r i d q cL n i r e r s i t rl ) r e s s 1
. ( ) l i i ) .J . i 7 .
s i r r u r cllf u q u ei n l ) \ l i n o r , u \ \ \ ( ) ol ' . r n l i ' r n l l i n . e L l . /. J , ri, . t l a , / i r r .l f i l .

z6

- l o h r n r r e sS c
Ihch Kritil'. //&
I 'l Iis motir
rti

u n r l c r l J r c h ' sn a m
hinr

nrrnifestl

l h e o t l t l s c to 1 ' p r r r

rtlhcrcrl to. firrhin

tht lli,llt't llrnust

oRI(iI\S

OF

t l Il,. L.\\(;t.OZ

\tA\[

S(]RIt'1'

Pirsquini,Hcinichcn,anclHanclclare not clen'ronstrabll

sul.lclirlrto thoscin P 296.Finallr, u'c
mar be in clang-er
of lnlling ir.rtothc crror comrnittcclbr'-f<ll.ranr.res
Schrerer,uho irrgucclrr
numbcr ttf-corrcctattributionsllrirv fium J. S. l3achon thc q-roundsof'lesseral'tisticmerit ur
contrapuntal inqenuities.rrAs Robcrt Hill notcs, '\\ ith the pLrblicationof' \\blt.eang
Schr.nicdcr's
ciltaluqof'IJachu'orks(nl'r') in l9-50,the compromisccl
rcputltion of a sig^nificant
number <rf'errll lorks u'ls cr.rsurccl
nith the epithet Echlhcit ungc:n,ci.fi,lr"of cloubtful
"
lluthcnticit\
on the basisof'no mcllcthan Schrerer'silccusirtions.'ll
lf thc attributionof P 29(rto Bach\\'erc corrcctrit u oulclrnostlikeh' bc that it datcdfi'onthis
c r l l i c r v c i , u r' sr sa t e r c h e rb, e t u ' e e n1 7 0 7a n d p c r h a p sf i 1 7 , o r e r c n e i r r l i c rp; c r h a p s* h i l c h e n r r s
intcnsclrinr olr ecln ith clo cloping-his kerbolrclskillsin Iliihlhauscn. C.ertlinlr this cirrh'dating^u ould coinciclcu'ith the currencl of the partirncntolusuc irsa shule in thc pcriocl1700 20.
In this cirscthc qLlcstionof rlrcrirllqualitv of'thc n'rlrkrnight be e\pliinecl bl crlnsiclcring
it as
possiblra hlbricl of c<ln-rpilation
anclcompositionbl llach, brought togetherls a conrcnicnt
boclro1'tcacl-ring
n.ratcrirrl.
The possibilitvthat clch sct is thc rtork of'a cliftercntcornposcrmar alsobe consiclcrccl,
as
nrar bc thc llossibilin thlt it is an anthokrgrcompilcclfr<lmrt rarietr o1'sourccs.
Hrlncrer, the
gcncrrl similrrritr of- str le emong most of thc pieces ilnd thc occasionalclose connections
bcnr ccn piecesin both booksargucstronglr fbr l sine*le
corrposcrfilr thc bulk of the u ork. Thc
, nd the cunsiclcrrrblc
c o n n c c t i o n sb e t u e e nF u g 5 u c1s6 a n c l- 1 1a n d b e t n e e nF u g u c s9 a n d - 1 9 a
unililrmitl of'firrm n ithin thc longcr prcludcs,argucfi)r one composcr,nonvithstanclirrg
possiblc crccptionssuch as the lugucs notrtcd cntirel\ in treble antl brrssclcf.sanclthc firguc br
\icclt.'I'hc rnrrnrilspectsof'similaritvbctnccn thc tuo sets,in gcncrll stvle,in length,lncl in
kcr scclucnce
, not to lrcntion thcir cocristencein a singlelolumcr suggestthat it is thc nrrrk of
ir sirry,^le
ruthur.
\s ue hare scen,scrct'lrlof thc conrpositionsbcirrir-nprlrtant
resemblanccs
to cristing irncl
clclrlr attributc(l\\'orksbr composcrssuchls liischer,Prtchelbel,
Tclcmlnn, anclllurtehude.
(.hristo1-rh
Othcl conrposcrs
u'homight be consiclerecl
rre Kcrll, Kuhnrru,Johann
lhch (f ohirnn
Sebirstirrn's
brothcr),lncl \Iurschhauscr,but in no casehasrrnrclcfinitcconncctionother thiin a
s t l l i s t i c o n c b e e nm a c l e . ' l ' h cc l o s c s ts t l l i s t i c c o n n e c t i o n isr e t o b c m i i d e \ \ i t h t h e u u r k s < l f
Kuhnau lr.rclI)rrchclbel.
The cascfilr Pachclbclis plrticularlr compclling^
in r ieu of his:rssociatior.rsu ith l'.rfirrt anclthe Ilach f irmih, .rncl<lf-hisconncctionthrough Ke rll to P:rsquini.Hou clcr, Hanclelcrrnprobablr bc climir.ratcd.
Ilanclcl reusccll"risfugucsst-rotien thrrt it is llmost
ircroncl inrltginltion thrrt hc uoultl preparesirtr firgrrtosl'ithout erel lcr.rsinqercn or-rcir-r
i,rnothefconle\t.
I
- f r r h r n n e sS c h r c r c r , l l t r t t i r g t : . r r tl l r t l t l r i t i l , 2 r o l s . ( L e r p z i g - \: l c r s c b u r g - c r .l 9 l I r n L l l ( ) l . i ) r n d
I l r t h K r i t i k ' . l l l . g t t t t t t tlrl ,r r v l - : r r l r r a q . 1 ) ( 1 9 1 + ) , 6 l6i ., l( l 2 i 6 . 9 + 9 5 1 . 9 7 6 8 . 1 0 0 S 9 . r n d 1 ( l i { ) l .
rrnilcr lJrch's nrnrc. Schrcrcr uirsorrtrlgctl
hinr

t h t l l i i l l t r l l , r r u L r l r l . t ) .\ i \ .

2i

otU(;t\s

oI

IIII,: L.\\(it.oz \t,\\LsctRIpl'

Gottfi'ie cl Kirchholl, too, ousht to bc consiclclccl.I}rrn in ,\ trihlbcck in 16lJ-i,dicd in I Illle ir-r

1 7 - [ ( 1K, i r c h h o f f u i r s a p u p i l o f Z a c h o u ' i n H l l l c r r n d l l t e r o r g a n i s t t h e r e . r ] \ I l r p u r g - m e n t i o n s
thlt Kirchhoff hacl compusecl ir sct of partinrento lirgucs, nou l<lst, 'to tcirch his studcnts
ligurecl basstog-ctheru ith the mllnncl'of thc ru'ior-rscntrics in l firgal composition'.}Thc volurne \\i,rsctttitlcd I" IBC ,IIusicul: Prucltrtliu rrntlf'rr.qcnuus ulltn T'iitrctt,tncl it is not out <11'thc
que stiot.tto ctlnsiclertl'reLangloz manuscript irsa cop\ of all or' part of Kilchholi''s lrlrk, csl.lc
ciallr in that it incluclcs ill o1'thc usull ker s.ri In this conncction \\ e l-n.l\ llso consiclcr thc l,)rn

PF

t;rsicslrtcl liug-hcttirs in ll flrt mliol ancl l) r.r.rirjur

(n'r

9o7 nncl nur 9o,S),uhich hlrc bccn

c r c c l i t e t lt o J . S . I l a c h i r n c ll p p a r c r . r t l r r c a t t l i b u t c c l t o ' K i l c h o f ' b r
Kirnbcrgcr.rr'\\'hilc thcsc
pilrtimento scorcs iJrentorc ertcnsi\ c thiln anr picccs in P 29(1,this docs not rulc out thc possi
bilitv tlf the Lirngkrz mrtruset'i1.rt
rcpl'csenting rrt lcrrstin pirrt Kirchoffs krst collcction.
Until lirrther cvitlencc conrcs to lig^ht,n'c crrr.r
onlr hr'pothcsizc thirt the orig-insof the uolk
arc'l'htrringiirn, in thc pcliocl 17(X) 20, thrrt thc contents mrll stcm clirectll rlr ir.rclircctlrfl'unr
J. ti Nicdt, -f. \. l3lch, J. S. llach, <lr itnothcr contcnrporancolls composer irltogethcr, ancl thlt
the transmissi<ln rts uell irs the attribution to IJach r.r.rost
likelr inrrlllccl Kittel. Thc lack o1-a
definitilc rttribution irt the prcscrrt time br no l.ncansclinrinishesthc ccntral position thirt this
collcction holcls in thc unclerstanclingo1'tl.rcbanrque r1'rplulch to firg^llcomposition through
th<lrtllrg-hbrtss.
\\-hilc it rcn.rainsir clucstior-r
l'l.rether the manuscript is substrntiallr or c\ en pirrtialll br J. S. Ilach, nn'crthe lessthc overall clualitr o1'the u'ork is br no meirns poor! ils hls becn
rcpcrrtccllr stitecl in the litcratr.rre. \\-hen it is ur.rclerst<lod
that tl.rcscpieccs emphasizc conlntolt
crtntrirpuntrtltcchniqucs ir.rr thoroushblss contcrt, but clo not crpklre firrnral irspcctso1'firy,^ue
to anr clcgrec,their firnction lrec<lntesclearer'.'l'hc,rru'einclccd I kc\ to unclerstrrnclir.rg
the role
o l ' l l r r r t ' o t t q h h l ti snsr c l r r l i o nt ( , i n r i t J l i \e t r r t r n t t ' r p o i n t .
' Sce | )rr id Scltulcnbcr
,
S t i n s r r n( l . i n c o l u : L n i r c r s i t r o f \ t b r r s k r [ ) r c s s .1( / ( ) 5 ) l. - l 16 . r n d
l 9 ( 1 2 ) .j l J 6 .
tt '...tl,rss cr scinert SchLrlcrnzttglciclt
rlcn (iencrrlbrss untl tlie \rt Llcr rerschictlencn I,.intritreeincs liuqcnsrlzcs
\ \ . r \ l r f r l ( ( l l r\ rr l r r r l z r ' i r r . \ / a . / r ., r, rt t l l . r , l r( t ' , , t r , l , , t , t t : . 1 ) 1j .
r' \jcdt puhlishctl r nrusic pritttcr uith r
c u r i o r r s l r s i r r r i l r r t i t l c : l / r r i r r a l r r , / r r ' r 1 / J ( , ' ( lI r n r i r r r r g . l 7 0 f i ) .
'
S t l t t t l z t . . \ t t r . l t ,. rt r, t l l . r . l tt l ' , t l t , l , r t r t t ' : . \ l Lt

2ft

'fhe

perfirrme
frorn both the n
dillcrent possi
one canbecom
basisfbr workin
ir-rg(, clefsand
bv and largeare
tcrnsandsequ
first attcn.rpte
ing rrsinglepie
fi'on-rthe discip
Scverallolu
lirunclinlaluab
inu,ltcrtrlin.qtrt
tttutt.f)'rnn
u Tht
rer iel s man\-c
dctailsregard
'f
he scoreco
crrtc rirngeof tr
frrstrrs1{-[crot
crotchctsperm
lightncssandli
It is in.rpur
m i n i m . ' l ' h i sr r
g^cncrllllsigni
anclarpeggiat
birssnotesrvith
stooclasl chor
intervirlo1'asir
Thc manus
allr, : signilic