Correcting Biased Envelope Estimation of Sinusoidal Signals With Random Noise

Introduction
Intensity pattern normalization

Results
Conclusions
References
Correcting biased envelope estimation of sinusoidal

signals with random noise
Rigoberto Juarez-Salazar
Universidad Tecnologica
de la Mixteca
Instituto de Fsica y Matematicas
y Analisis
XXV Escuela Nacional de Optimizacion

Numerico
Mexico
D.F., Septiembre, 2015.
1 / 16
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
rjuarezsalazar@gmail.com
Correcting envelope estimation of noisy sinusoidal signals
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References
Content
2 / 16
Introduction
Optical 3D imaging system

Biasing envelope estimation
Correcting biased envelope estimation
Variance of the noise
Results
Conclusions
References
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References
Introduction Sinusoidal signals processing

There are many applications in communications and engineering where the information
of interest is encoded as phase in a time, space, or spatiotemporal signal.
Figura : Communication antennas and the principle of phase modulation.
3 / 16
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References
Figura : Laser interferometer and two-dimensional phase modulation.

4 / 16
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References

Typical intensity pattern
Intensity pattern profile

250
100
200
200
Instensity
300
400
150
100
500
600
50
700
200
400
600
x
800
1000
200
400
600
x
800
1000
Figura : Typical profile of a intensity pattern.

5 / 16
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References
Interferometric patterns
Interferometric intensity patterns are examples of two-dimensional signals where the
information of interest is encoded as a phase distribution.
In all cases, since the information of interest is encoded as a phase distribution, we

need to apply efficient techniques to extract the desired information (the phase) by
processing sinusoidal signals.
6 / 16
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References


An intensity pattern can be described as
I(p) = a(p) + b(p) cos (p) + n(p),
(1)
where
p is a two-dimensional spatial variable,
a is the background light,
b is the modulation light,
is the phase of interest, and
n is random noise.
Because of the phase is the desired information, both the functions a and b are
undesired as well as the noise.
The process of to suppress the background and modulation lights is known as intensity
pattern normalization.
7 / 16
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References

Intensity pattern normalization noise-free

For noise-free pattern:
1. A I a,
I = a + b cos
2. B (I a)2 = b2 /2,
p
3. (I a)/ 2 cos .
Fringe pattern normalization process

320
300
Intensity
280
260
240
220
200
180
1
8 / 16
0.8
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
x Correcting envelope estimation of noisy sinusoidal signals
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References


1. A I a,
I = a + b cos
2. B (I a)2 = b2 /2,
p
3. (I a)/ 2 cos .

320
300
Intensity
280
260
240
220
200
180
1
8 / 16
0.8
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References


1. A I a,
I = a + b cos
2. B (I a)2 = b2 /2,
p
3. (I a)/ 2 cos .

40
30
20
Intensity
10
0
10
20
30
40
1
8 / 16
0.8
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References


1. A I a,
I = a + b cos
2. B (I a)2 = b2 /2,
p
3. (I a)/ 2 cos .

40
30
20
Intensity
10
0
10
20
30
40
1
8 / 16
0.8
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References


1. A I a,
I = a + b cos
2. B (I a)2 = b2 /2,
p
3. (I a)/ 2 cos .

1.5
Intensity
0.5
0.5
1.5
1
8 / 16
0.8
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References


1. A I a,
I = a + b cos
2. B (I a)2 = b2 /2,
p
3. (I a)/ 2 cos .

1.5
Nomalized
Exact
Error
Intensity
0.5
0.5
1.5
1
8 / 16
0.8
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References

Intensity pattern normalization noisy pattern

Noisy pattern:
I = a + b cos +
1. A I a,
2. B (I a)2 = b2 /2,
FAILS!!!
p
3. (I a)/ 2 cos .

340
320
300
Intensity
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
1
9 / 16
0.8
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References


Noisy pattern:
I = a + b cos +
1. A I a,
2. B (I a)2 = b2 /2,
FAILS!!!
p
3. (I a)/ 2 cos .

340
320
300
Intensity
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
1
9 / 16
0.8
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References


Noisy pattern:
I = a + b cos +
1. A I a,
2. B (I a)2 = b2 /2,
FAILS!!!
p
3. (I a)/ 2 cos .

50
40
30
Intensity
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
1
9 / 16
0.8
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References


Noisy pattern:
I = a + b cos +
1. A I a,
2. B (I a)2 = b2 /2,
FAILS!!!
p
3. (I a)/ 2 cos .

50
40
30
Intensity
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
1
9 / 16
0.8
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References


Noisy pattern:
I = a + b cos +
1. A I a,
2. B (I a)2 = b2 /2,
FAILS!!!
p
3. (I a)/ 2 cos .

2
1.5
1
Intensity
0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1
9 / 16
0.8
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References


Noisy pattern:
I = a + b cos +
1. A I a,
2. B (I a)2 = b2 /2,
FAILS!!!
p
3. (I a)/ 2 cos .

2
Nomalized
Exact
Error
1.5
1
Intensity
0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1
9 / 16
0.8
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References

Consider a noisy fringe pattern of the form

I = a + b cos + ,
(2)
where is random Gaussian noise with zero mean and standard deviation .
Background light estimation
The first estimator is unbiased because it converges to the expected value of the
signals and the noise have zero mean. Then
A I a.
10 / 16
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
(3)
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References


Now, the recovered background light is subtracted from the frame and squared to
obtain
(I a)2 = (b cos + )2 =
b2
b2
+
cos + 2b cos + 2 .
2
2
(4)
In this case, when an estimator B is applied to (I a)2 we have

B (I a)2 =
b2
b2
+ E[ 2 ] =
+ 2 ,
2
2
(5)
where E[] is the expected value.

From equation (??) we have that the envelope is recovered as
q
b = 2( 2 ).
However, we need to know the variance 2 of the noise!

11 / 16
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
(6)
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References

Determining the variance of the noise

Since b >> 2 2 , we can use the approximation
p
p
2
2 = b2 + 2 2 b +
,
b
then
b
Therefore
Ia
I = p
=
2

1
2
2
b + 2
2
.
b

1
cos + p .
2
(7)
(8)
(9)
Thus, if the function cos is known, we have that

I cos =
b2
2
1
1
cos + p p .
+ 2
2
2
Finally, we extract the variance of from the variance of

p
(I cos ) 2.
12 / 16
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
(10)
(11)
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References

Phase demodulation
The proposed approach requires to know the function cos . For this, we use the
Fourier fringe analysis method to extract the encoded phase and then to compute its
cosine.
13 / 16
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References
Results
Pattern
cos
Spectrum
50
1
10
30
Intensity
0.5
Level
Intensity
40
5
20
0
0.5
0
0
x
(Icos)sqrt(2)
20
10
0.2
0.15
Frequency
Intensity
10
1
0
5
10
1
0
x
Histogram
1
1
20
0
x
0.1
0.05
0
10
0
x
10
Figura : Estimating the statistical properties of noise and correcting the biased envelope estimation.
14 / 16
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References
Results
Biased envelope estimation
20
Intensity
15
10
5
0
5
10
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
x
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.4
0.6
0.8
Corrected envelope estimation

20
Intensity
15
10
5
0
5
10
1
14 / 16
0.8
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
x
0.2
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References
Conclusions
The process of normalization of intensity sinusoidal patterns was described and

the biasing effect in the envelope estimation by noise was highlighted.
A method to obtain the statistical properties of the noise in sinusoidal signals was
proposed.
The feasibility of this approach was tested by showing that the proposed method
avoids the bias by noise of envelope estimation.
15 / 16
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References
R. Juarez-Salazar et al, Intensity normalization of additive and multiplicative

spatially multiplexed patterns with n encoded phases, Optics and Lasers in
Engineering, p. Accepted for publication, Aug. 2015.
R. Juarez-Salazar et al, Theory and algorithms of an efficient fringe analysis
technology for automatic measurement applications, Appl. Opt., vol. 54,
pp. 53645374, Jun 2015.
R. Juarez-Salazar et al, Generalized phase-shifting algorithm for inhomogeneous
phase shift and spatio-temporal fringe visibility variation, Opt. Express, vol. 22,
pp. 47384750, Feb 2014.
R. Juarez-Salazar et al, Phase-unwrapping algorithm by a
rounding-least-squares approach, Optical Engineering, vol. 53, no. 2, p. 024102,
2014.
R. Juarez-Salazar et al, Generalized phase-shifting interferometry by parameter
estimation with the least squares method, Optics and Lasers in Engineering,
vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 626 632, 2013.
16 / 16
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar
Introduction
Results
Conclusions
References
Thank you very much for your attention
Any question?
16 / 16
Rigoberto Juarez
Salazar

Correcting Biased Envelope Estimation of Sinusoidal Signals With Random Noise

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Correcting Biased Envelope Estimation of Sinusoidal Signals With Random Noise

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Introduction

Intensity pattern normalization

Correcting biased envelope estimation of sinusoidal

Instituto de Fsica y Matematicas

XXV Escuela Nacional de Optimizacion

Correcting envelope estimation of noisy sinusoidal signals

Intensity pattern normalization

Correcting envelope estimation of noisy sinusoidal signals

Optical 3D imaging system

Introduction Sinusoidal signals processing

Figura : Communication antennas and the principle of phase modulation.

Correcting envelope estimation of noisy sinusoidal signals

Optical 3D imaging system

Introduction Sinusoidal signals processing

Figura : Laser interferometer and two-dimensional phase modulation.

Correcting envelope estimation of noisy sinusoidal signals

Optical 3D imaging system

Introduction Sinusoidal signals processing

Intensity pattern profile

Figura : Typical profile of a intensity pattern.

Correcting envelope estimation of noisy sinusoidal signals

Optical 3D imaging system

Introduction Sinusoidal signals processing

In all cases, since the information of interest is encoded as a phase distribution, we

Correcting envelope estimation of noisy sinusoidal signals

Biasing envelope estimation

Intensity pattern normalization

Correcting envelope estimation of noisy sinusoidal signals

Biasing envelope estimation

Intensity pattern normalization noise-free

Fringe pattern normalization process

Biasing envelope estimation

Intensity pattern normalization noise-free

Fringe pattern normalization process

Biasing envelope estimation

Intensity pattern normalization noise-free

Fringe pattern normalization process

Biasing envelope estimation

Intensity pattern normalization noise-free

Fringe pattern normalization process

Biasing envelope estimation

Intensity pattern normalization noise-free

Fringe pattern normalization process

Biasing envelope estimation

Intensity pattern normalization noise-free

Fringe pattern normalization process

Biasing envelope estimation

Intensity pattern normalization noisy pattern

Fringe pattern normalization process

Biasing envelope estimation

Intensity pattern normalization noisy pattern

Fringe pattern normalization process

Biasing envelope estimation

Intensity pattern normalization noisy pattern

Fringe pattern normalization process

Biasing envelope estimation

Intensity pattern normalization noisy pattern

Fringe pattern normalization process

Biasing envelope estimation

Intensity pattern normalization noisy pattern

Fringe pattern normalization process

Biasing envelope estimation

Intensity pattern normalization noisy pattern