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Sol.SMM631101
MATHEMATICS
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(Sets)
Classroom Discussion Exercise
1.
(c)
A = {, x}
Subsets of A are {}, {x} and A
P(A) = { , {}, {x}, A}
2.
(d)
2m 2n = 96
= 32 3
= 25 (4 1)
= 25 (22 20)
= 27 25
m = 7 and n = 5
3.
(c)
e x for any x R
So A B = .
4.
(b)
A = {x : x 3};
B = {x : x < 5}
Clearly A B = {x : x R, 3 x < 5}
5.
(d) X = {3, 5, 7, 9}
6.
(d)
14. (d)
A B = {(0, 1)}
7.
(c)
8.
(d)
A B = {x / x A, and x B}
(A B) B = .
9.
(c)
n (A B)
= 76 + 44 100 = 20.
10. (a)
11. (d)
A
B
P (P Q) = P (P Q)
= (P P) (P Q)
= (P Q) =
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15. (d)
3
= 300
100
4
n (A C) = 10000
= 400
100
2
n (A B C) = 10000
= 200
100
n (A B C ) = 10000 n (A B C)
= 10000 {n (A) +
n (B) + n (C)
[n (A B) + n (B C) ]
+ n (A C)] +
n (A B C)}
i.e., n (A B C)
=10000 {7000 1200 + 200}
n (B C) = 10000
Required set = C D
17. (c)
18. (d)
19. (c)
20. (c)
A B = A C and A B = A C B = C
21. (a)
A (A B) = A
22. (c)
n ( A B ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) n ( A B )
n( A B ) = n ( A ) + n ( B ) n( A B )
n ( A B ) = 65 + 64 n ( A B )
But n ( A B ) 100
n ( A B ) 65 + 64 100
n ( A B ) 29%
x 29% ............ ( 1 )
n ( A B ) n ( A ) and
n( A B ) n(B )
n ( A B ) 65% and
n ( A B ) 64 %
n ( A B ) 64%
x 64% ...............(2)
Combining (1) and (2)
29% x 64%
23. (c)
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24. (d)
A={2}
B = { 2, 1 }
A B={2}
B A={2,1}
( A B ) ( B A ) = { 2, 2, 1}
n [ ( A B ) ( B A ) ] = 3.
25. (c)
n (A B)
= n ( A ) + n ( B ) 2n ( A B ) (1)
Now n(A B) = n(A) n(A B)
n(A B) = 5 4 = 1
Thus (1) gives
12 = 5 + n(B) 2
n(B) = 9
1.
(c) x + 9 = 0 x = 9
x is imaginary.
2.
3.
(c)
X ( Y Z) = ( X Y ) ( X Z)
4.
(d)
n(AB) = n(A) = 6 if A B
14. (a)
5.
(c)
15. (d)
A = {5, 6, 7} , B = {1, 3, 5, 7}
A B = {1, 3, 5, 6, 7}
A B = (A B) = {2, 4, 8}
16. (b)
A B (A B) = B
n(A B) = n(B)
6.
7.
(c)
=7
Let n(A) = m, n(B) = n
Given 2m 2n = 32
2n(2m n 1) = 25
n=5
( 2m n 1 is odd)
m=6
17.
(b)
29
8.
(a)
B
C)
B C)
A)
= 21 + 26 + 29 14
A (A B) = (A A) (A B)
= A(A B)
= A (since A B
15 12 + 8
= 43.
18. (d)
9.
(c)
P{A} = { , {} } n [P(A)] = 2
10.
(a)
= N12
19. (c)
20. (c)
11. (c)
12. (b)
13. (b)
A (B C) = ( A B ) ( A C)
1.
(d)
Assignment Exercise
2.
(a)
3.
(b)
n (A B) + n (A B) = n (A).
A AB
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A B
2m 4 2 n 4 = 3 = 22 2 0
m 4 = 2 and n 4 = 0
m = 6 and n = 4
11. (c)
Since x ( A B ) ,
x A and x B
Option (c) is wrong.
12. (c)
We observe that A (A B) = A B.
4.
(b)
5.
(b)
We have ex = 1 +
x x2
+
+ ......... where x is real.
1! 2 !
(c)
M
n (B M) = n (M)
(a)
22
7.
U = 12
n(A)=6 n(B)=4
13. (b)
= 40 30
= 10
n (AB) = n (AB)
(By De Morgans Law )
= n (U) n (AB)
=
n
(U)
[n ( A ) + n (B) n ( A B)]
14. (c)
8.
(c) A B A B A B = B.
9.
(b)
B only =
15. (d)
A = C B ' = C B
B
7
18
2 2 = 48 3= 2 3
m
18
5000 = 900
100
A
10. (b)
n (A) = 4 and n ( B ) = 7
Minimum of n ( A B ) = n ( B ) = 7 when A B
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(d)
By definition.
2.
(c)
n ( AB) = n ( A ) + n (B) 2n ( A B)
= 250 + 350 200 = 400
3.
(d)
13. (a)
n(A B) = 75.
4.
(c)
5.
(b)
A ( A B) = A B
A
24
= A ( A'B)
12
15
6.
7.
(a)
(b)
30 x
6
30 x
= 240 x = 48
6
14. (b)
15. (b)
(A B) C = (A C) (B C)
16. (c)
C D = (A B) (B A)
But there is no region common to both (A B) and
(B A)
A
8.
(d)
6
11
Number of people =
12
20
A B = ( A B) (B A )
= ( A B) ( A B )
n ( A B) = n ( A B) n ( A B)
= n ( A ) + n (B) 2n ( A B)
9.
(d)
AB
BA
( A B) (B A) = (A B) = C
A
17. (d)
A B = C B and A B = C B
A=C
A B = (, 2) [4, )
= R {x/x R, 2 x < 4}
11. (c)
{a, b} P({a, b} )
19.
12. (d)
Number
of
students who
20
distinction = 240
= 48
100
passed
with
20. (c)
A (B C ) = ( A B )( A C )
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23. (c)
A (A B) = A
24. (c)
25. (c)
26. (d)
A (A B)C = A (A B) ( A B = A BC)
=AB
27. (d)
n (m ) = 60 %
n ( p) = 65 %
n ( m p) = 100 20 = 80%
Given that 80% of the students = 16
16 100
Total number of students =
= 20
80
only 3.
A (since A B A)
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28. (b) A B = B A
29. (c)
A
B
30. (c)
2.
(c) n(B) =
3.
(b) Since (B C) = ,
(A B) (A C) = .
n(A B ) 70
=
=5
n(A )
14
(A B) (C D) = (A C) (B D).
4.
(a)
5.
) (
)]
13. (c) The graph shows that for all the positive
as well
as negative values of x, y takes only positive
values. Hence the graph represents y = |x|.
14. (d) Rf = {1, 0, 1}.
15. (a) x [x] = {x}, the fractional part function
whose range is [0, 1)
6.
7.
8.
[
[(
1 2x
3 + 32 y + 32 y + 32 x
4
1 2x
=
3 + 32 x + 32 y + 32 y
4
1
= [f (2x ) + f (2y )]
2
=
12. (c)
f (x + y ) f (x y )
] [
1 x+ y
1
3
+ 3x y 3 x y + 3x + y
2
2
f = cos sin
= 1 +
3
2
3
=
19. (b)
3 2
2
Since the function is real, we have
49 x2 > 0
x (7, 7)
20. (c) The domain of
(x a)(b x )
, with a < b is
(a, b)
21. (a) Let y =
x
1 + x2
yx x + y = 0
2
b 4ac 0 1 4y 0
2
1
1
y
2
2
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f (x) + g (x) =
.
25. (a) f (x) = 5x |x|
f (2x) = 10x 2 | x|
f (x) = 5x |x| = 5x |x|
f (2x) f (x) = 10x 2 |x| + 5x + |x|
= 15x |x| = f(x) + 10x
f(2x) f(x) 10x = f(x)
ex + ex
1 for all real x.
2
2.
3.
(d) A (B C)
= (A B) (A C).
4.
5.
x2
10. (a) f x = x 2 +
x
f (z) = z
= x + 2
x
+ 2 f (x) = x
+ 2.
6.
7.
(a) By definition.
8.
(d) By definition.
9.
(a) f(x) + 2f
x+3
= 2 x ______(1)
x 1
let y =
x+3
,
x 1
x=
y + 3
y+3
y 1
y +3
+ 2f ( y ) = 2
f
y 1
y 1
replacing y by x
2(x + 3 )
x +3
_____(2)
f
+ 2f ( x ) =
( x 1)
x 1
2 (2) (1)
3f ( x ) =
4( x + 3)
2x
( x 1)
=
4 x + 12 2 x 2 + 2 x
( x 1)
3f(x) =
6 x + 12 2 x2
(x 1)
f ( x) =
6 x + 12 2x 2
3( x 1)
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xa
when a < b is
x b
1
1
1
3 2 cos 3 x
( , a] (b , )
1
Range of f (x) = ,1
3
x
[4, 4].
also x 2 < 2 + x 2
The range is [0 ,1 )
2 + x2
is 0
x2
2 + x2
<1
x 0 x 0
x = R {0}
2
x2
(1 x ) 0
2
so 1 1 1 x 2 0
All these hold when
1
x5
x 1 0 x 1, x 5 0 x 5
Domain is x 1, x 5
1 x2 0
x 1
The domain of f is [1,1]
2
Assignment Exercise
1.
2.
3.
(c)
(a + 2 , 4 ) = (5 , 2a + b)
a + 2 = 5 and 4 = 2a + b
a = 3 and b = 2 .
4.
5.
6.
(d)
7.
(d) R = {(1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7), (4, 8), (5, 9), (6, 10)}
8.
(d)
x 7, 7
x
x2 5x + 9
yx2 x(5 y + 1) + 9y = 0
b2 4ac 0 (as x is real)
11y 2 + 10y + 1 0
11y 2 10y 1 0
1
f (x ) = x +
x
y , 1
11
[f (x )]3 f (x 3 )
3
1 3
1
1
+
x + 3 = 3 x + .
x x 3
x
x
1
= 3f (x ) = 3f
x
9.
7 x2 0
By definition.
= x3 + 3x +
12. (c)
3x + 5
is same as the
4x 7
7x + 5
domain of f 1(x ) =
which is given by x
4x 3
3
R; x
4
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(c) If A B, then A C B C.
2.
(a) A B =
(A B) (A B) =
[(A B) (A B)] A =
n(B) = 2
15. (c) 2
3.
4.
(b) A C = C
(A C) B contains 4 2 = 8 elements.
5.
6.
7.
mn
ad bc
=
de cf
; x2 3x + 2 > 0
x 3x + 2
x (1 x ) x
x2
=
1 x
1 x
x
=
1 x
1 x
x (1, ) {0}
9.
= 2.
2 cos 3 x + sin 3 x 2
0 cos 3 x + sin 3 x + 2 2 + 2
11. (d) R = x, x ; x N
x2
1 + x2
2
0 x 2 < 1+ x
13. (c)
x
2
x
0,1 x < 0 x > 1 and x = 0
For
(c) 2
12. (b)
,(2,1),
21. (a)
8.
{ }
(1,3)
(x 1) (x 2) > 0
x (1, 2) or x ( , 1) (2, )
af = be
(a, b) (e, f)
is transitive also.
1
(1,2)
20. (b)
ad = bc & cf = de
17. (c) R
=
{(1,1)
(2,2),(2,3),(3,1),(3,2)}
1 + x2
< 1 f (x ) [0, 1)
Range is [0, 1)
26. (d) 10 x 0 and 4 + x 0
10 x and x 4
x 10 and 4 x
4 x 10
D (f) = 4 x 10
10
14. (a) 2
= 1024 = 2
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1+ x
1 x
29. (d) 5 x + 5y = 5
g(x1) + g (x2)
55 > 0 x <1
x
1 + x1 + x 2 + x1x 2
= log
1 (x1 + x 2 ) + x1x 2
30. (c)
(1 + x1x2 ) + x1 + x2
= log
x
x +1
1 + x1x 2 (x1 + x2 )
x1 + x 2
1+ 1+ x x
1 2
= log
1 x1 + x 2
1 + x1x 2
y= log5 5 5 x
1 + x1
1 + x2
+ log
= log
1 x
1
x
1
2
5y = 5 5x
< 10 2
1 x
1
<
<
100 x + 1 100
x +1
> 100
x
1
100 > 1 + > 100
x
1
i.e., 101 > > 99
x
1
1
<x<
101
99
x1 + x 2
= g
1 + x1x 2
100 >
(a)
P = 2r + l
= 2a +
1
A = r 2
2
P = 2 r + r
P = 2r + r.
x = 2a or
2A
r
7.
(c)
8.
(a)
A+B=
i.e., 2 r 2 Pr + 2A = 0
2.
(d)
3.
(c)
(d)
5.
(a)
m n = (m + n) ( m n)
= 4 sinxtanx
6.
(a)
C
2
tan (A + B) = tan C
2
tan A + tanB
1
= cot C =
1 tan A. tanB
tan C
tan A . tan C + tanB . tan C + tan A . tanB = 1
tan3 + cot3 = 2
2
1
2a
Pr = 2r 2 + 2A
4.
1
2a
9.
(a)
1 tan 210
=
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10. (d)
11. (b)
12. (d)
13. (a)
=B=
2
4
A+C=
2
tan A + tan C
tan(A +C) =
1 tan A tan C
tan A + tan C
tan =
2 1 tan A tan C
tanA tanC = 1
18. (d)
20. (b)
21. (d)
=
x+y 1 1
= +
xy
x y
2 cos 2 x sin 2 x
16. (a)
17. (c)
sin 2
sin . cos =
2
Minimum of sin 2 = 1
1
Minimum value =
( 1) = 1 .
2
2
tan( + ) =
2 sin2 + 3 sin 2 = 0
(2 sin 1) (sin + 2) = 0
1
or sin = 2 ( not possible )
2
1
sin = = sin
2
6
= n + ( 1)n .
6
x2 + y2 = 1
Let x = cos , y = sin
(4 cos3 3 cos )2 + (4 sin3 3 sin )2
= (cos 3)2 + ( sin 3 )2 = 1
n
n
or =
or = n
5
2
sin =
2 cos 2x
sin 2x 2 sin2 x
15. (c)
1
sin 3
4
x
1 +
y
=
x
tanA tanB = x
1
1
=y
tan B tan A
x
tan A. tan B =
y
3 sin 4 sin3
4
19. (b)
1 + tan A. tan B
cot(A B) =
tan A tan B
14. (a)
1 4
+
3
3 =3
tan ( + ) =
1 4
1 .
3 3
sin [sin 2 60 sin 2 ]
3
= sin sin2
4
22. (a)
1
3
cos +
sin = 1
2
2
cos = 1
3
= 2n
3
= 2n +
3
only
3
tan + tan
1 tan tan
2 tan
2
tan =
1 tan 2
2
1
4
2
=
=
1
3
1
4
2.
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23. (d)
sin22x + sin2x 2 = 0
tan3x . tan7x = -1
1
tan7x =
tan 3 x
= cot3x
= tan + 3 x
2
7 x = n +
1 1+ 8
1 3
=
= 2, 1
2
2
sin 2 x = 1
2x = 2n +
2
= (4n + 1) .
x = n +
4
4
sin2x =
+ 3x
2
2n + 1
4x =
24. (b)
25. (d)
2n + 1
x =
.
8
i.e;
tan 3 = 3
(sin
x + cos2 x
3 = n +
tan + tan 2
= 3
1 tan tan 2
i.e.
i.e.
i.e.
2 sin 2 2 x = sin 2 x
sin2 2x sin 2x
=
2
2
n
+ = (3n + 1) .
3
9 9
(b)
We know that = r
= cos2 + sin2 +
8
8
= r.
2
4
r = 2 cm
2.
3.
4.
(c)
(c)
(d)
7.
(d)
8.
(d)
cos )
2
=8+
= 1.
9.
(c)
(b)
11. (b)
Given expression =
1
+ 1 (since sin285 = sin2(90 5) = cos25)
2
7
+ cos
6
3
1 1
= + =1
2 2
10. (b)
1
=9
2
5.
= 3 (1 2 sin2
3
3
+ sin2
cos2
=2
8
8
sin
12. (a)
A +C
A C
2 cos
sin
2
2 = cot B
A +C
A C
2 sin
sin
2
2
3
3
+ cos2
+ cos 2
+ cos2
8
8
8
8
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6.
(c)
cos2
A+C
cot
= cot B
2
A + C = 2B
A, B, C are in A.P.
13. (d)
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 (1 + cos 16A )
14. (b)
15. (c)
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 cos 8 A
2 + 2 + 2 cos 4A
2 1 + cos 2A
2 . 2 . cos A = 2 cos A
cos4 + sin4 =1
2 + 2 cos 2A
1 2
sin 2 which is maximum
2
or
4
4
when =
2
2
General solution is = 2n +
.
3
3
16. (b)
17. (d)
tanx (tan2x 3) = 0
tanx = 0 or tanx = 3
x = n or x = n
cos + sin = 2
18. (a)
cos +
2
cos
1
2
sin = 1
cos = cos 0
4
= 2n 0
4
= 2n +
4
19. (c)
x = n + .
4
20. (c)
get = n + ( 1)n
.
10
Assignment Exercise
1.
2.
(c)
(a)
l=
4
2 6 = 8.
6
= 11.5 sec.
3.
(d)
a2
b2
c2
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= r2 (sin2 + cos2 ) = r2
4.
(b)
sin
5
5
+ sin
+ sin + + sin +
8
8
8
8
= sin
5.
(c)
10. (c)
i.e, cos (2 + 3) = 0
1
5 2
6.
(a)
sin(A B ) m 1
=
sin(A + B ) m + 1
(a)
cos A + cos B
sin A + sin B
sin A sin B + cos A cos B
A +B
A B
cos
2 cos
2
2
=
A +B
A B
sin
2 cos
2
2
= cot 3
8.
9.
(d)
(d)
2
2
= n
.
5
10
A B
A B
+ cot
2
2
cos ec + cot = 0
1
cos
+
=0
sin sin
1 + cos = 0
cos = 1 =
A +B
A B
cos
2 sin
2
2
+
A +B
A B
sin
2 sin
2
2
5 = 2n
11. (c)
7.
cos 5 = 0 = cos
tan A m
sin A cos B m
=
=
tan B
1
cos A sin B
1
Applying compendo dividendo, we get
sin A cos B cos A sin B m 1
=
sin A cos B + cos A sin B m + 1
sin16x
sin 2 sin 3
=1
cos 2 cos 3
i.e, cos 2 cos 3 sin 2 sin 3 = 0
5
=0
+ sin
sin sin
8
8
8
8
24 sin x
tan 2 . tan 3 = 1
12. (d)
13. (b)
5
4
General solution is x = 2 n +
= 0.
14. (b)
tan (A+B+C) = 0
tan A + tanB + tanC tan A tanB tanC
=0
sec + tan =
sec tan =
5
.
4
1 1
Solving, sec = 3 +
3 2
= 2n + .
6
15. (d)
Dividing by 2, we get =
2
3
or
3
6
(c)
2.
(d)
3.
(b)
4.
(a)
5.
(b)
sec + tan = x
1
Arc length = r = 15
= 5
3
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sec tan =
1
x
Solving, sec =
x2 + 1
2x
cos =
6.
2x
x2 + 1
1 cos2 x
sin =
x2 +1
= 2sec2
a 2 + b 2 = 2 + 2 cos( x y )
a2 b2 = cos 2x + cos 2y + 2 cos (x + y)
=
2 cos( x + y ) cos( x y ) + 2 cos( x + y )
= 2cos(x + y)[cos(x y) + 1]
= cos(x + y)(a2 + b2)
sin (x + y) =
8.
x2 1
(a)
cos(x + y) =
7.
cos + cos
4
1
=
cos2 sin2
4
2
=
1 2 sin2
a2 + b2
2ab
(d)
1
= sin( x ) =sinx
cos ec( x )
(b)
2
2
sin . sin
. sin
. sin
5
5
5
5
2
2
2
= sin2 . sin2
5
5
= sin236 sin272
10 2 5 10 + 2 5
=
=
16
16
100 20
5
=
16
16 2
9.
(c)
14. (c)
=1
cot A + cot B
4
. cos 2 . cos
7
7
7
8
sin
7 = 1
=
8
8 sin
7
15. (a)
cos
16. (c)
17. (c)
cos x = 2p 2 1
= 2 cos 2 200 1
cosx = cos40
= cos(360 40)
= cos320
sin(45 + x) cos(45 x)
= sin45cosx + cos45sinx
[cos45cosx
sin45sinx]
1
(cosx + sinx cosx sinx)
=
2
=0
.
=
1 + cot A 1 + cot B 2
a2 b2
a2 + b2
13. (b)
C
cosA + cosB = 4 sin 2
2
A + B
A B
2C
2cos
. cos 2 = 4 sin 2
2
C
A B
cos
= 2 sin
2
2
10. (b)
11. (c)
C
A +B
sin ce cos
= sin
2
2
C
C
C
A B
2 cos
. cos 2 = 2.2. sin 2. cos 2
2
A B A +B
2 cos
sin
= 2 sin C
2 2
sin A + sin B = 2 sin C .
c
b
= 1 + 2 a
a
a2 b2 + 2ac = 0
18. (d)
12. (c)
sec + sec
4
tan =
8
cos
8
sin
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2 sin cos
8
8
=
2 cos2
8
3 tan A tan 3 A
= tan 3A .
=
1 3 tan 2 A
=
=
1
1 + cos
1+
4
2
24. (a)
cos4x = cos2x
4x = 2n 2 x
6x = 2n or 2x = 2n
n
x = n or
3
n
which includes x = n also
x=
3
25. (d)
sin
4
= 2 1
2 +1
1
1 tan 1 49 24
cos 2 =
=
=
25
1 + tan 2 1 + 1
49
2
19. (d)
sin =
1
10
and cos =
,
4 2
1
2 4
cos3 =
=
,
2
9 9
10
24
4sin
25
6
24
2sin2 =
5
25
24
sin3
25
sin4 = 2sin2cos2
sin4 = 0 0,
26. (a)
2 tan
sin 2 =
1
+
tan2
1 tan
cos 2 =
1 + tan2
24
=
25
or 2 = 2n
2
3
n
or = n .
2
8
6
27. (c)
sin 6 x sin 2 x
cos 2 2x sin2 2 x
2cos 4 x sin 2x
cos 4x
= 2sin2x.
3cos2sin2(cos2 + sin2)
= 1 + msin22
i.e; 1 3sin2cos2 = 1 + msin22
3
(sin2cos2) = msin22
4
3
m=
4
cos x =
4
22. (a)
23. (a)
3 tan A
tanA
1 + 3 tan A
= 2n
4
4
x = 2n or 2n +
28. (b)
3 + tan A
1 3 tan A
3 tan 2 A
= tan A
1 3 tan 2 A
= 2sinC.2sinB.sinA
= 4sinAsinBsinC
21. (a)
20. (a)
2sinC 2 cos
cos
2
2
1
2
29. (d)
.
2
1
3
or cos x =
2
2
1
5
cosx =
x= ,
2
3 3
3
cosx =
is not possible
2
Solving, cos x =
Solving we get
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tanx =
1
3
x = n +
.
6
30. (d)
and
does not satisfy the given
2
4
equation. Hence choice (d).
Both
2.
(d)
(a)
2b2y
k=
3.
4.
5.
(a)
(c)
(a)
10. (a)
11. (b)
a(x + 2 y ) + b(2x 3 y ) 5a + 4b = 0
i.e., a(x + 2y 5) + b(2x 3y + 4) = 0
This represents the family of lines through the
point of intersection of x + 2y 5 = 0 and
2x 3y + 4 = 0
Solving these two equations we get x = 1, y = 2.
+ b22
a12 b12 = 0
(a1 a2)x + (b1 b2)y
1 2
+
a2 + b22 a12 b12 = 0
2
12. (b)
y = 3x
A (4, 1)
135
=
2 1 1+ 2
xy3=0
Required equation is
Equation of AB is y 1 = 1 (x 4)
i.e., x + y 5 = 0.
B is the point of intersection of this line with
y = 3x.
5 15
B is ,
4 4
x y
+ =2
p q
15
AB2 = 4 +
1
4
x
y
+
=2
2 3
3x + 2y 12 = 0
6.
(d)
7.
(c)
3x + 4y 5 k(x + 2y 3) = 0
x(3 k) + y(4 2k) + (3k 5) = 0
This is parallel to xaxis.
Slope is zero
3 k
i.e;
=0k=3
4 2k
8.
(a)
5
, 4
2
11
= 2
4
AB =
11
11
= +
4
4
11 2
4
13. (c)
14. (d)
b=
a+c
2
a+c
ax +
y + c = 0
2
ie a(2 x + y ) + c (y + 2 ) = 0
This represents a family of lines passing through
the point of intersection of the lines 2x + y = 0 and
y + 2 = 0.
k2 + 13k + 5 + k2 + 1 + 14 = 0
2k2 + 13k + 20 = 0
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9.
(b)
15. (c)
22. (a)
16. (a)
a1 a2 + b1 b2 = 0
0
= 90
17. (d)
18. (c)
21. (c)
20. (d)
4+9
The image (x2, y2) of the point (x1, y1) in the line
ax + by + c = 0 is given by
x1 x1 y 2 y1 2(ax1 + by1 + c )
=
=
a
b
a2 + b2
x 2 3 y 2 8 2(3 + 24 7 )
=
=
1
3
1+ 9
(x 2 , y 2 ) = ( 1, 4 ).
= 13 c = 13
23. (c)
19. (d)
20 + 30 + c
5 + 20
Distance =
=5
3 2 + 42
24. (b)
3 x 4y + 7
3 + ( 4 )
2
12 x + 5 y 2
122 + 52
3x 4 y + 7
12 x + 5 y 2
=
5
13
39x 52y + 91 = 60x 25y + 10
99x 27y + 81 = 0
11x 3y + 9 = 0.
25. (c)
(y + k )2 + 4(y + k ) + 8(x + h) 2 = 0
Coefficient of y = 0 2k+ 4 = 0 k = -2
Constant term = 0 k 2 + 4k + 8h 2 = 0
3
4 8 + 8h 2 = 0 h =
4
(c)
2.
(a)
3.
(c)
2 1+ 5 3 + 0 + 9
,
= (2, 4)
3
3
3
x2
4
3x 4y 8 = 0.
y=
5.
(c)
Required equation is ax + by = 1
6.
(c)
B (4, 2)
x
y
+
=1
a b
= 1 and
=3
2
2
a = 2 and b = 6
x
y
Required line is
+
=1
2 6
3x + y 6 = 0
450
A (2, 0)
Slope of AB is 1
AC is vertical where C is the new position of B
AB = 22 + 22 = 2 2
)
7.
4.
(c)
1 3
+ =1
a b
(a)
a +c
2
a
c
(2x + y) +
(y + 2) = 0,
2
2
which always passed through (1, 2)
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ax + by + c = 0
8.
(c)
(a)
15. (b)
Then P is
,
+ 1
+1
a=5
9.
14. (b)
10. (d)
b c a =0
c a b
11. (d)
12. (a)
i.e., a3 + b3 + c3 3abc = 0
Equation of a line parallel to 4x + 10y 8 = 0 is
4x + 10 y + K = 0 . It passes through (2,2) .
Hence 4 2 + 10 2 + K = 0 K = 12
required equation is 4x + 10y + 12 = 0
m1 = 3
m2 = 1
tan =
m 2 m1
1 + m1m 2
2
1
=
1+ 3 2
2
3
,m4 =
3
11
2 3
3
11 = 22 9 = 1
tan =
23
33 + 6 3
1+
11 3
1 1
+
2
3 =1
tan( + ) =
1
1
6
+ = .
4
m3 =
13. (d)
A
x+y6=0
5x - 3y + 2 = 0
D
C
B
x - 3y 2 = 0
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18. (a)
P lies on x + y + 1 = 0
3
=
2
16. (d)
17. (a)
x 0 y 5 (0 2 5 )
=
=
3
4
9 + 16
x = 3, y = 1
19. (c)
h = 1, k = 14 .
5
1
2
20. (b)
a2 + 16
3
10
52
2 a + 16
2
3
10
a2 + 16 = 5
a2 + 16 = 25
a = 3.
a2 = 9
Assignment Exercise
1.
(c)
[x (a + b)]2 + [y (b a)]2
= [x (a b)]2 + [y (a + b)]2
6.
(a)
Area =
bx ay = 0
2.
3.
4.
5.
P (h, k) lies on 3x + 2y 13 = 0
3h + 2k 13 = 0
Q (k, h) lies on 4x y 5 = 0
4k h 5 = 0
Solving them, we get h = 3, k = 2
Equation of PQ is y 2 = 1 (x 3)
x+y5=0
x y
(b) The equation of the line is + = 1
a b
where 2a = 3b
3 1
This passes through (3, 1) = 1
a b
3 3
3
=1
a=
a 2a
2
b=1
x
Required line
+ y = 1 2x + 3 y 3 = 0.
3
2
(b) ax + by + 13 = 0 passes through (2, 5) and
(3, 0)
2a + 5b + 13 = 0
and 3a b + 13 = 0
Solving, a = 6, b = 5
(c1 c 2 )(d1 d2 )
a1b 2 a 2b1
2 1
=2
98
(b)
(d)
c=
a+b
2
1
1
ax + by + c = 0 a x + + b y + = 0,
2
2
a b c
7.
(c)
b c a =0
c a b
i.e; a3 + b3 + c3 3abc = 0
(a + b + c ) a2 + b2 + c 2 ab ac bc = 0
a+b+c=0
(since a b c, a2 + b2 + c2 ab bc ca 0)
8.
(b)
9.
(c)
4x + 3y 7 = 0
8x + 5y 1 = 0
Solving, the point of intersection is (-8, 13).
3
The required equation is y 13 = (x + 8 )
2
2y 26 = 3x 24
3x + 2y 2 = 0.
10. (b)
x y = 0 or x = y
This line is equally inclined to the x and y axes
The angle it makes with y = 0 (x axis) is 450.
11. (c)
1 1
which always passes through ,
2 2
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1
(x 2)
2
x + 2y 8 = 0
1 + 3
1
= tan1
= tan 1
1+ 3
2
Angle between the lines x + y = 0 and
x + 3y 6 = 0 is given by
1
+ 1
1 3
= tan 1 1
= tan
2
1
1+
y3=
12. (b)
13. (b)
3+
3
= tan1 4
= tan
3
1+ 1
a2 + b2
sec tan
ab
Equation becomes
k =
y
x
a2 + b2
tan + sec =
sec tan
b
a
ab
ax
by
ie;
+
= a2 + b2
sec tan
ie; ax cos + by cot = a 2 + b 2 .
14. (a)
15. (a)
25
Distance between the lines is
17
2
5 + 12
2
33
26
33
radius =
52
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1.
(c)
Area =
1 b c
1
1 c a
2
1 a b
=
1 b
c
1
0 c b a c
2
0 a b b c
1
[ (c b) (b c ) (a b) (a c )]
2
=
1
2
2
bc c b + bc (a2 ac ab + bc )
2
1 2
=
a + b2 + c 2 bc ca ab
2
=
1
2
2
2a + 2b + 2c 2 2bc 2ca 2ab
4
1
= (b c )2 + (c a)2 + (a b)2
4
3.
(d)
c2
2 ab
1
2m 1
2
tan 45 =
= 1
m
m+2
1+
2
1
m = 3 or m =
3
Thus from (1) the required equations are
3x y 7 = 0 , x + 3 y 9 = 0
9.
(a)
= ab
1
units.
2
11. (d)
Slope of AC =
3
C 2,
2
A(4, 0)
OC = 4 +
6.
(d)
9
=
4
25 5
=
= 2.5
4
2
10. (c)
B(0, 3)
1
2
c2
49
=
.
2ab
4
Required area is
If a, c, b are in G.P; c
(a)
(d)
(b)
y2
= m ... (1)
x3
2.
5.
8.
(a)
(b)
4.
7.
4+3
7
=
2 1 3
3
slope of BD =
7
1 1
Midpoint of AC is , which is (the midpoint
2, 2
of BD also)
equation of BD is
1 3
1
y = x +
2 7
2
ie; 6x 14y + 10 = 0.
ie; 3x 7y + 5 = 0
5 4
1 1
get ,
midpoint is 2 , 2 .
3 3
1
3+
The other diagonal should pass through (0, 0) and
2
12. (c) The angle is given by tan =
=1
3
1 1
1+
, . Hence its equation is y = x
2
2 2
Aliter:
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=
13. (b)
14. (a)
15. (a)
(1) + (2) 8p = a
p2 =
20. (d)
x cos y sin
+
= 1 bxcos + aysin ab = 0
a
b
a2 b2
b cos ab
P2 =
a sin2 + b2 cos2
2
P1P2 =
a 2b 2 b 2 2 cos2
a 2 sin2 + b 2 cos2
R (1, -1)
p=
b 2 a 2 sin2 + b 2 cos2
a 2 sin2 + b 2 cos2
) =b
sec 2 + cos ec 2
a2
1
+
cos2 sin2
2
2
4p = a sin 2
Similarly q2 = a2 cos2 2
4p2 + q2 = a2.
= a2 sin2 cos2
22. (c)
23. (d)
Using
2a 3 + a2 1 4 < 0
19. (b)
a 2 sin2 + b 2 cos2
p=
p2 =
1+14<0
i.e. a2 + 2a 8 < 0
ie; (a + 4) (a 2) < 0
a lies in the interval ( 4, 2)
b 2 a 2 a 2 cos2 + b 2 cos2
21. (b)
a 2 sin2 + b 2 cos2
x + 3 y = 2a
18. (b)
a 2b 2 b 2 a 2 b 2 cos2
x cos 60 + y sin 60 = a
3y
=a
2
Point is (, 0) and (, 0)
P1 =
x
+
2
a2
.
8
(2)
x
4
a2 b2
sin cos =
sin cos
b
a
ab
ax sec by cosec = a2 b2
17. (c)
cos2 + sin2
4p2 = a2 cos2 2
Let =
S
m
2
=1
tan = 1
5m
1+
2
5
5
5
5m
m = 1 + m or + m = 1 +
2
2
2
2
3
7
m=
of
7
3
3
3
, PQ is y 4 = (x 3 )
When m =
7
7
i.e., 7y 28 = 3x 9
3x 7y + 19 = 0.
(1)
a cos 2
2p =
Also
x
y
cos + sin = 1 is
a
b
P (3, 4)
sin2
4p2 = a2 sin2 2
a2 b2
sin cos
ab
required line is
5
2
Slope of PQ = m
= a2 sin2 cos2
k=
Slope of PR =
1
cos2
x
y
sin cos = k
b
a
This passes through ( a cos, b sin)
16. (a)
a2
p2 =
ax + by 1 + c
x x1
y y1
=
= 2 1
2
2
a
b
a +b
x6 y8
=
1
1
6 8
= 2
(x, y ) = (8,6 )
2
a
sec + cos ec 2
2
24. (c)
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29. (b)
7+5
2 = 19
20
62 + 82
2 x + 4 y 11 = 0
19 2
20
30. (a)
19 2
361
area =
=
4 2 20
800
25. (a)
9 6
2
6 +8
2
5
2
26. (a)
27. (b)
28. (b)
3 5
4+1
2
5
(a)
5i.
4.
2.
(d)
(d)
Let 7 24i = a + ib
7 24i = a2 b2 + 2iab.
Equating the real and imaginary parts, we get
a2 b2 = 7 and ab = 12.
Now a2 + b2 =
(a
b2
q s
+
p r
= tan
q s
1
p r
+ 4a 2b 2
= 25
2a = 32 a = 4
When a = 4, b = 3
When a = 4, b = 3.
3.
(d)
qr + ps
= tan 1
pr qs
5.
(d)
(x + 1 + i) (x + 1 i) (x 1 + i) (x 1 i)
=(x2 + 2x + 1 + 1) (x2 2x + 1 + 1)
=[ (x2 + 2) + 2x ] [(x2 + 2) 2x]
=(x2 + 2)2 4x2 = x4 + 4.
6.
(c)
7 24i = (4 3i)
= tan 1(1) = n +
p
s
tan1 + tan1
r
q
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(2 3i) (3 + i) y + i (3 + i) = i (3 + i) (3 i)
(4 + 2i) x 6i 2 + (9 7i) y + 3i 1 = 10i
(4x + 9y 3) + (2x 7y) = 13i
Equating real and imaginary parts,
4x + 9y 3 = 0
2x 7y = 13
Solving, we get x = 3, y = -1.
7.
(c)
15. (a)
)=
1
i2
=1
i4k +1 = i
where k Z
i4k + 2 = 1
i4k + 3 = i
i4k = 1
Aliter :
16. (b)
9.
AB = BC = CD = DA = 13
Also
AC2 = | 17 7 i | = 338
AB2 + BC2 = 169 + 169 = 338 = AC2
ABC is right angle
ABCD is a square.
( 5 + 2i)
40
5 + 2i
= 3 39 a + ib
40
= 3 39 a + ib
3 40 = 339. a 2 + b 2
12 + 6k
= 3
4 + 2k
(3 + k )2 + 3 k 2
(1 + k )2 + 3 k 2
a2 + b 2 = 3
a2 + b2 =9.
x 2 + y 2 = x + iy
=
10. (d)
11. (c)
2+ i
=1
2i
+ i cos
2
= sin i cos
2
= cos 2 + i sin
2
13
2
12. (a)
13. (d)
19. (d)
2 i 3 2i 1 + i
1 i
+ i sin
12
12
z +1
=
z 1
3 + k + i 3 k2
1+ k + i 3 k2
1
= cos i sin
x
x 6 = cos 6 + i sin 6
1
+
4 6 3
x6
cos + i sin
3
3
i 3 + i or i 3 + i
Given 40 (x 2 + y 2) 25 10 = 2500
1
x2 + y2 = .
4
= cos
z = sin + icos
= cos + i sin
2
z2 = cos ( 2) + i sin ( 2)
1
and 2 = cos( 2) isin ( 2)
z
1
z 2 + 2 = 2 cos( 2)
z
The point P can be obtained by rotating the
complex number 3 + i in anticlockwise and
clockwise direction. Hence P can be either
= 65 .
= cos + + i sin
4 6 3
14. (d)
18. (a)
(2 i) (3 2i) (1 + i)
(1 i)
=
17. (b)
= cos 6 i sin 6
x6
20. (a)
1
x6
= 2 i sin 6
Putting x =
3
in the given equation,
2
9 3
p6=0
4 2
p = 1
2x
21. (c)
1
3i
=
3+i
10
3+i
=
10
6
1
+=
and =
10
10
=
Required equation is x 2
6
1
x+
=0
10
10
ie; 10x2 6x + 1 = 0
a = 10, b = 6 and c = 1
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22. (d)
23. (a)
Since , satisfy x3 1 = 0
3 = 1 and 3 = 1, 2 + + 1 = 0
4 1
2
4 1 6
1
3
4 3 =
= = .
2
2
=
++1=0
(2 2) + ( ) = 0
+ + 1 = 0, + = 1
( + )27 + (100 + 100)27 = + = 1
= ( + )27 + ( + )27 100 = , 100 =
2
r
and
r
p2 + q + r = 0 p + q =
p 2 + q + r = 0 p + q =
24. (a)
= (1)27 + (1)27 = 2
4x 2 + 2x 1 = 0
1
1
+ = and = 2
4
+
=
p + q p + q
r
r
=
4 2 = 1 2
4 = 2
3
(1 2 )
2
2 r
x
r p
2
p
(b) Let z =
z=
2.
(a)
2i
2+i
(2 + i)
(2 i) (2 + i)
2
2+i
2i
Let 11 + 60i = a + ib
11 + 60i = a2 b2 + 2iab
a2 b2 = 11 and ab = 30
(a
a2 + b2 =
b2
9.
=
(b)
3 + 4i
.
5
= sin
+ 4a2b 2
= 61
11 + 60i = (5 + 6 i) .
2i 3 (2i 3 )(2 + i)
=
2i
(2 i)(2 + i)
(c)
4.
5.
(a)
4i + 2i2 6 3i
4 i
10. (d)
11. (b)
Argument =
12. (b)
2.5.10 ( 1 + n2)
= |1 + i| |1 + 2i| .|1+ ni|
= x2 + y2
13. (c)
14. (d)
argument .
2
8 1
+ i.
5 5
3x + i(4x 6y) = 2 i
Equating the real and imaginary parts, we get
3x = 2 and 4x 6y = 1.
2
x=
3
11
Thus 4x 6y = 1 y =
18
( 4 +
) (
( )
2
2
2
= 64
6.
(d)
7.
(c)
z . z = z = 130.
+ i cos
2
2
We cannot compare two complex numbers since
there is no ordering in the set of complex
numbers. [Note that the comparisons in (a), (b)
and (c) are in R, the set of real numbers]
2a = 50 a = 5
When a = 5, b = 6
When a = 5, b = 6
3.
i cos
2
= cos 2 i sin
15. (b)
=
3 4 12
3 +
3 [x + iy ] = 3
2
10
10
3
i
Now
+
2
2
= cos
20
20
= cos + i sin
6
6
20
20
20
+ i sin
6
6
1
3
and y =
2
2
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Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2 Floor, Siddamsetty Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.
8.
(c)
z z =0 z
= 0 z =0
x=
x2 y2 =
16. (d)
400 = (399 . ) =
Again 2 + + 1 = 0 and 2 + + 1 = 0
+ = 1
400 + 400 = + = 1
1 3 1
=
4
2
Given that
5k 2 1
=9
1
20. (c)
We have
k2 = 2
Now, discriminant = 4k2 4(5k2 1)
= 8 4 (10 1)
<0
The roots are imaginary.
i+ 3
17. (c)
i+i 3
i+ 3
18. (c)
If
2 + i 3 is a root then
i+ 3
2 i 3 also a root.
200
= cos
i+ 3
i 3
x3 1
, x 1 0
x 1
= 2 cos
1+ 3
i 3
Similarly
i+ 3
Required equation is x 2 2 2 x + 5 = 0
x2 + x + 1 =
3 + 2 3i 1 1
3
= +i
4
2
2
= cos
19. (c)
(i + 3 )
200
+ i sin
3
3
200
200
+ i sin
3
3
200
= cos
i 3
+
i+ 3
200
200
i sin
3
3
200
200
1
= 2
= 1
3
2
= (2)200 + 200
= 400 + 200 = 1
3 1
= 0 1 3 = 1
1
3 1
= 0 1 3 = 1
1
400 = (399. ) =
Assignment Exercise
1.
(b) i6 + i7 + i8 + i9 = 1 i + 1 + i = 0.
8.
1 2i
(1 2i)
=
1 + 2i
5
(a)
2.
(c)
Square root =
3.
4.
(b)
(d)
(1 2i) .
1+ i
(1 + i)2 = 1 + 2i 1 = i
=
1 i (1 + i) (1 i)
1+ 1
yaxis.
2
which
lies
(a)
on
=
Modulus, r =
tan =
1
3
3 +1 = 2
3
i
3 + i = 2
+
2
2
= 2 cos + i sin
6
6
a2 + b2
a2 + b2 = 1
Let z = x + iy.
zi
= 1 x 2 + (y 1)2 = x 2 + (y + 1)2
z+i
y = 0, which represents
the x - axis
10. (c)
6.
(a)
9.
(a)
1.
7.
1=
5.
( ) 3
arg ( 3 + i) =
6
arg 1 + i 3 =
1+ i 3
arg
3 +i
5 + 13
11. (d)
= =
3 6 6
1
3
1+ 3 i = 2 +
i
2
2
1+ 3 i
5
5
= 25 cos
+ i sin
3
3
and 1 i 3
= 2 cos + i sin
3
3
Thus, 1 + i 3
5
5
= 25 cos
i sin
3
3
) + (1 i 3 ) = 2 cos 53
5
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= 25 = 32
12. (c)
We have z1 + z 2 z1 + z 2
z+2 z +2
14. (b)
15. (c)
( )
= ( 1+ i 3 )
x + iy = 1 i 3
100
100
( z 4)
4
13. (b)
k = 31 42i
100
1
3
=2100
+i
2
2
Sitas equation is (x - 2) (x - 5) = 0
i.e. x2 7x + 10 = 0
Mamatas equation is (x + 6) (x + 1) = 0
i.e. x2 + 7x + 6 = 0
Correct equation is x2 7x + 6 = 0
x = 1 or 6.
1
3
=2100
+i
2
2
100
sin ce1 + i 3
= 100 =
x = 299, y = 299 3
(c)
are
( 7, 3 ),, ( 3 , 7 ), , ( 7,
3, 7 + 3
8.
(c)
Multiplicative inverse of a + ib =
1
Area =
(x1(y 2 y3 ) + x 2 ( y3 y1) + x 3 ( y1 y 2 ))
2
1
2
[ 7 (
( 7 + 3) + 3( 7 +
3 3
( 7 3 )( 3 + 7 )]
21 + 7 3] = 5 = 5
9.
(a)
a ib
a2 + b2
z 5i
= 1 x 2 + (y 5 )2 = x 2 + (y + 5 )2
z + 5i
y=0
2.
(b)
1
7 7 21 +
2
(2 + 3i)(1 + 3i)
(1 3i)(1 + 3i)
2 + 3i
=
1 3i
3.
(b)
5.
(c)
z=
11. (c)
(c)
(5, 2)
(5, 2)
(5, 2)
12. (a)
(5, 2)
(b + ia)5 = [ i (a ib ) ]5
= i5 (a ib )5 = i ( i ) = i + .
a 2 + 2a ib b 2
a +b
2
13. (b)
1 i
2
1
.
2
(x + i y ) 13
= p + iq
x + i y = (p + iq)3
= p3 3pq2 + i (3p2 q q3)
3
x = p 3pq2 and y = 3p2 q q3
x y
+ = p2 3q2 + 3p2 q2
p q
= 4 (p2 q2).
1
1 i
=
1 + i (1 + i) (1 i)
Re z =
7.
2ab
a2 + b2
1
i
2 7i 6 4 7i
=
.
4+9
13 13
(a + ib)
(a ib)
(
a + ib ) (a + ib )
=
(a ib) (a + ib)
( i2 = 1)
z=
Im z =
6.
(d) i4 + i8 = 1 + 1 = 2.
(a)
z 2 (iz + 1) + i(iz + 1) = 0
z 2 + i (iz + 1) = 0 z 2 = i or z =
(1 2i) (2 3i)
1 2i
=
2 + 3i
(2 + 3i) (2 3i)
=
4.
10. (a)
7 + 9i
10
9
2 + 3i
Im
=
1 3i 10
1
a + ib
14. (a)
Let 5 12i = x + iy
5 12i = x2 y2 + 2ixy
x2 y2 = 5 and xy = 6
Now x2 + y2 = x 2 y 2 + 4x 2 y 2
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= 13
2x2 = 18 x = 3
When x = 3, y = 2
When x = 3, y = 2
z 7 = 1
z
86
+z
22. (d)
+z
175
289
( )
= z7
12
( ) + (z )
z2 + z7
25
7 41
= arg (-1)
= .
23. (a)
= z 1 z = 1 .
16. (c)
iz 1 + z i = 2
iz + i2 + z i = 2
i(z + i) + z i = 2
x + 2 = 7i
x2 + 4 + 4x = 49
x2 + 4x + 53 = 0
segment
[Note: [|z z1| + |z z2| = k represent
(i) a straight line if |z1 z2| = k
(ii) an ellipse if |z1 z2| > k ]
x3 + 4x2 + 53x + 5 = 5
17. (a)
z
arg( z ) arg(z ) = arg
z2
1 + i (1 + i)2
=
=i
1 i
2
1+ i
arg
=
1 i 2
5 12i = (3 2 i)
15. (b)
21. (c)
x + iy = (1 t ) + i t 2 + t + 2
x = (1 t )
y = t2 + t + 2
24. (c)
y 2 = t 2 + t + 2 (1 x )2 + (1 x ) + 2
2
y
7
4
x
2
7
4
18. (d)
z1 z1
=
z z z1 z2
2 2
19. (b)
We have Z +
|Z| = Z +
25. (b)
(|Z| 3)
1 sin + i cos
= 1 cos + i sin
2
argument =
26. (d)
9
9
+
Z
Z
|Z| 3
z
=1
3i
z
2
|z|
z
18
18
+ .
4 2
|| = 1
9
|Z|
18
|Z| 3 +
= 2(9 41)
= 2 sin cos + + i sin +
4 2
4 2
4 2
|Z|2 6 |Z| + 9 18
2
= 2 sin sin + i cos
4 2 4 2
4 2
9 9
Z Z
6+
= 2 sin2 + i2 sin cos
4 2
4 2
4 2
= 1, a hyperbola
9
=6
Z
Z+
3
9
= x + 4
2
4
) (
41 i + 3 41 i
64.
= x 2 3x + 4
(3 +
3i
2
|z| = z
=1
3
i
2
2
x2 + y2 = x2 + y (where z = x + iy)
2
1+ i 3
= 8 cos + i sin
3
3
y=
= 8 (cos + i sin )
= 8.
27. (b)
3
, a straight line.
4
Let z = x + iy
z z1 z (3 + 2i)
=
z z 2 z (4 + 5i)
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(x 3 ) + i(y 2)
(x 4 ) + i(y 5 )
[(x 3) + i(y 2)][(x 4) i(y 5)]
=
(x 4 )2 + (y 5)2
(x 3 )(x 4) + (y 2)(y 5 )
=
(x 4)2 + (y 5 )2
i(y 2)(x 4) (x 3 )(y 5 )
+
(x 4)2 + (y 5 )2
=
28. (b)
29. (a)
30. (b)
x 2 7 x + y 2 7 y + 22
3 +i
= cos + i sin
2
6
6
(x 4)2 + (y 5 )2
+i
3x y 7
(x 4)
3 +i
= cos x + i sin x
2
6
6
+ (y 5 )
z z1
=
arg
z z2 4
3 + i = 2 cos + i sin
6
6
3x y 7
x 2 7 x + y 2 7 y + 22
=1
x2 10x + y2 6y + 29 = 0
(x 5)2 + (y 3)2 = 5
|(x 5) + i (y 3)|2 = 5
| (x + iy) (5 + 3i) |2 = 5
| z (5 + 3i) | =
x = 6n
x
Now cos
= 1 cosn = 1
6
n is a multiple
of 2
12,
24,
1.
2.
5.
(a)
798 252
tn t1
+ 1 = 79
+1 =
d
7
(b) a = 5 , d = 5
t20 = a + 19d = 5 +19 5
3.
4.
d=7
= 20 5
a(b + c )
b(c + a)
c(a + b )
+ 1,
+ 1,
+1
bc
ca
ab
are in A.P.
ab + bc + ca ab + bc + ca ab + bc + ca
,
,
are in
bc
ca
ab
1
1
1
(c)
are in A.P
,
,
a+b c +a b+c
1
1
1
1
b+c c +a c +a a+b
ab bc
=
b+c a+b
A.P.
1 1 1
,
,
are in A.P
bc ca ab
1
1
1
, abc , abc
are in A.P.
bc
ca
ab
abc
a2 b2 = b 2 c 2
a, b, c are in A.P.
a2 + c 2 = 2b2
a2, b2, c 2 are in A.P
6.
(d) x2 = x1 + d
d = x 2 x1 =
(x
+ x1
)( x
x1
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x 2 + x1
Similarly,
x 2 x1
=
1
x3 + x2
x3 x2
1
xn1 + xn
1
1
x2 + x3
xn xn1
+ x1
13. (d) ar = 2
2
8
9
36
a . ar . ar ar = a . r
)( x
x1
n 1
d
xn + x1
1
1
1
+
+ .....+
x1 + x2
x2 + x3
xn1 + xn
xn x1
(1)
a.
1 r3
= 21
1 r
2 2
(n 1)
1 r6
= 189
1 r
(d) a = 1; tn = 101; d = 2; n = 51
51
[1+ 101]
2
S=
51 102
= 2601
2
term = S2 S1 = 30 9
8.
(b) 2
9.
(b) a + 2d = 5
a + 6d = 3 (a + 2d) + 6
a = 3 and d = 4
S32 = 16 [ 6 + 31 x 4] = 1888
= 21
a + 164 = 3n + 5
Now, a = 3 1 + 5 1 = 8
Thus 3n + 5 = 86 n = 27
11. (d)
(2)
xn + x1
nd
7.
4 9
= (ar )
9
= 2 = 512
d
n
12. (d) 2b = a + c
2b
a+c
7 =7
b 2
a
c
(7 ) = 7 . 7
xn1 + xn
xn x1
But xn = x1 + (n 1)d
(x
+ .......+
=
(n 1)d = xn x1 =
x 4 x3
x 4 + x3
x1 + x2
m
m.p2 + p
2
mp
=
(mp + 1)
2
m
[2 + (m 1) x 1]= m(m + 1)
2
2
m
m(3m + 1)
S2 =
[4 + (m 1) 3] =
2
2
m
Sp = [2p + (m 1)(2p 1)]
2
m
=
[2p + 2pm 2p m + 1]
2
m
=
[m(2p 1) + 1]
2
m
S1 + S2 + S3 + .....Sp = {[m(2p 1) + 1]}
2
S1 =
Aliter:
The only numbers in the given choices
whose sum is 21 are 3, 6, 12
2
15. (d) (1333
4 2...433) + (1555
4 2 ...
435)
n digits
n digits
2
3 10n 1
5 10n 1
+
(
10
1
)
10 1
10n 1 3 10n 1
+ 5
9
9
(10 1)(10
n
+ 14
27
a
, a,ar.
r
1
1
a=
8
2
a
21
r a + (a ar ) + r ar = 16
a2
21
+ a2r + a 2 =
r
16
1
1 21
1 + r + =
4
r 16
1+ r +
1 21
=
r
4
4 r 2 + r + 1 = 21r
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4r 2 17r + 4 = 0
1
r = 4 or
4
19. (b)
n+
n+
1
2
an + bn
an+1 + bn+1 = a
1 1
1 1
Numbers are , , 2 or 2, , .
8 2
2 8
17. (b)
an +1 + bn +1
Given
n+
5 1
= 2 sin180 .
2
1
2
or n +
2
1
n+
+ a 2 .b
1
2
1
2
=1
1
1
=0 n=
2
2
.
2
20. (d) b = ac gives x = 4 so that the numbers
are 4, 6, 9
27
2
4 term =
th
But r is positive
r=
n+
1 5
r=
2
1 1
2 .b 2
( a b )= b ( a b )
rn
= rn + rn r
r
r +r1=0
= (ab )
r=2
22. (c) n
th
term =
2 n 1
2n
= 1
1
2n
n
Sum to n terms = n
2
n 1
=
n
1 1 1
2 2
= n 1 + 2n .
23. (d)
24. (d) tn =
2n + 1 = 21
or n = 10
n = n + 1
n
Sn =
(n + 1)
2
n(n + 1)
+n
2
=
2
n(n + 3 )
=
4
512 = 1326
= 1(3 + 7 + 11 + + 99) +
========================================================================================
===========Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2nd Floor, Siddamsetty
Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.
2.
3.
(d) 7 t7 = 11 t11
7 [a + 6d] = 11 [a + 10d]
7a + 42d = 11a + 110d
4a + 68d = 0
or a + 17d = 0
t`18 = 0
(b) Tn = a+(n-1)d
th
60 term = 3+59 5 = 298
(a) a = 20; d = 1;
tn = 99
n
S = (a + tn)
2
99 20
n=
+ 1 = 80
1
80
S=
(20 + 99) = 40 119 = 4760
2
4.
5.
(a) Tn = a + (n1) d
= 4 3i + (n 1) (i 2)
= 6 2n + i (n 4)
Equating the imaginary part equal to
zero, we get n = 4.
th
The 4 term of the sequence is purely real
.
th
4 term = T4 = 2.
(c) n = 9,
S9 =
6.
(d)
d=
1
;
6
a=
1
2
9
1
1 3
2 + (9 1)
= 2
2
2
6
1
1 25
n = 25
+ (n 1) =
6
6
6
k4
4
Solving k = 16
=
2k + 4 k 4
r= 3 ;
tn = 36 3
n1
4
ar
= 36 3
4
4
3
( 3)
n 1
n 1
2
= 4 36
= 36
n1
= 6 n = 13
2
n-1
13. (b) ar = 32
st
product of 1 5 terms
2
3
4
5 10
a.ar.ar .ar .ar = a .r
14. (d) a =
3
, r=2, nth term = 384
4
3 n1
4
n-1
(2) = 384 i.e 2 = 384 x
4
3
=2
7.
8.
9.
(d)
a = 1,x = t n = a + (n 1) d
where d = 5
x+4
n=
5
n
(1 + x ) = 148
10
x = 41, 36
2 5
= (ar )
5
= (32) .
n = 10
3 10
(2 1)
3
3069
=
x1023 =
Sn = 4
2 1
4
4
2
15. (b) x 5x + 6 = 0
(x 3).(x 2) = 0
x = 3 or 2
roots are 3 and 2.
= 3 and = 2
G.M. = = 2 3 = 6 .
16. (c) There are now n + 2 terms in the A.P.
2 + 2d =
1
1
(7 2d). Solving, d =
.
2
2
========================================================================================
===========Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2nd Floor, Siddamsetty
Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.
(n 1) n ( 2n 1)
6
n(n 1)( 2n 1) + 12
=
6
18. (d)
(1 + 1) + (2
2
i +
2
i =1
+ 2 + ..... + n2 + n
i =1
3025
n(n + 1)
2
+ n n
2
= n
+
6
2
2
=n
n(n + 1) n(n + 1) 2n + 1
+
2
3
2
= (n1)
n(n + 1) 3n 3 + 2n + 1
2
3
=
19. (c) 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n =
= 55 55 =
= 2+
n(n + 1)
= 55
2
n(n + 1)(5n 2 )
.
6
n3 (n + 1)2
13 + 23 + 33 + .... + n3 =
Assignment Exercise
1 1 1 1
=
b a c b
ab bc
=
ab
bc
b c bc c
=
=
a b ab a
1.
(d)
2.
(d) 2b = a + c
5.
(d) a + (p 1) d = q and a + (p + q 1) d = 0
a + ( p 1) d + qd = 0
q + qd = 0
d = 1
a + (p + q 1) d = 0
a + (q 1) d + pd = 0
a + (q 1)d p 1 = 0
a + (q 1) d = p
6.
a+c
ac
2
b ac =
2
24
ni =
4 (b ac) = (a c)
3.
7.
3
0
=180
2
3
0
= 60
2
n(G8) = 2 = 2
Ist term of G8 = t (2 7 ) of A.P
8 1
= 40
0
largest angle is 80
0
4.
n(10+n-1) = 1620
2
n + 9n 1620 = 0
(n + 45) (n-36) = 0
n = -45 or 36
24
(2a + 23d)= 12 89 = 1068
2
8.
(d)
n
[18 + (n 1)11]
2
=3
10[4 + 19 4]
========================================================================================
===========Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2nd Floor, Siddamsetty
Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.
9.
th
ac =
bc
2
=
=
7
[9 + 99 + 999 + to n terms ]
9
7
[(101) + (1001) + (10001) + ]
9
7
=
10 + 102 + ...... + 10n n
9
7
=
10n +1 9n 10 .
81
[(
(
11. (a)
n 2 (n + 1) 2
.
4
) ]
3 .( 3 )n 1 = 243 = 35 n=10
2
12. (a) ar = 8
2
3
4
5
10
a . ar . ar . ar . ar = a . r
2 5
5
= (ar ) = 8
13. (a) Let the numbers be
a
, a, ar
r
a
, a, ar = 216 a = 6
r
36
+ 36 + 36r 2 =364
r2
9
+ 9 + 9r 2 = 91
r2
9r 4 82r 2 + 9 = 0
i.e. (9r 2 1) (r 2 9) = 0
r = 3 or
1
(+ve Nos.)
3
2.
3.
n [a + nd d] = 72 (1)
(a + d) + (a + 3d) +
n
[2(a + d) + (n 1)2d] = 90
2
n [a+ (n 1)d + d] = 90
i.e., n(a + (n 1)d) + nd = 90
i.e., 72 + nd = 90, using (1)
nd = 18
Moreover,
[a+ (2n 1)d] a = 30
(2n 1) d = 30
2nd d = 30
2 18 d = 30
d=6
n=3
+ (a+(2n1)d) =
90
========================================================================================
===========Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2nd Floor, Siddamsetty
Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.
4.
1
1
and a+(n-1) =
m
n
1
1
Solving, d =
and a=
mn
mn
(c) a+(m-1)d =
5.
(b)
6.
A, B, C are in A.P B = 60
b
3
sinB
=
=
c
sin C
2
7.
sin 60 =
a2 516a + 2048 = 0
a = 512 or 4
r n 1 =
2048
(512)2
or
2048
42
r > 1 r n1 =
2048
= 128 and a = 4
16
a rn 1
=1020
(r 1)
a(128r 1)
= 1020
r 1
4(128r 1)
= 1020
r 1
a
, 2a, ar areinA.P.
r
C = 45 A = 75
2(2a) = a + r r 2 4r + 1 = 0
r
r=2 3
(d) tp = 9p + 2
t1 = 9 + 2 = 11
tn = 9n + 2
Sn =
ar ar n 2 = 2048
sinC =
2
n
[2a + (n 1)d]
3n 1 2
=
5n + 1 n
[2A + (n 1)D]
2
n 1
a +
d
2
=
n 1
A+
D
2
Since we are looking for the ratio of
n1
the 4th term,
=3
i.e.
n=7
2
Required ratio
3 x 7 1 20 5
=
=
= .
5 x 7 + 1 36 9
(c)
p : q : r = 1 : 2 : 3.
n
(t1 + tn ) = n (11 + 9n + 2) = n [9n + 13]
2
2
2
=
14 21 49
1
a=
7
2
13. (d) a =
8.
(c) Tn = a . r
n-1
(G.P)
2
3
th
8 term = 3. =
128
729
9.
(a) a . r = 6
4
11
2 and a. r
= 2 .6
r = 2. 6 . 3 = ( 6 )
7
i.e. r = 6 and a = 2
rd
3 term = a . r
= 6 2
8
6
t7 = a r
3
9
3
3
or r =
4
2
8 9
= = 6 .
3 4
17. (c) ar
. ar = m n
========================================================================================
===========Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2nd Floor, Siddamsetty
Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.
p+q 1
a .r =mn
p 1 2
(ar ) = m n
p 1
ar = mn
2
2p
1 + = rr
+r = r1
=
10
18. (b) ar = x; ar = y; ar = z
4
10
7 2
2
i.e. x.z = a.r .a.r = (a.r ) = y
19. (c) 2p = a + b (1)
2q = b + c (2)
from (1) and (2); p + q =
a+b b+c
+
2
2
a + 2b + c
=
2
x+y
= 2 xy
2
x+y 2
=
2 xy 1
x + y + 2 xy
b
= (a + 2b + c )
2
2pq
= b p, b, q are in H.P.
p+q
20. (c)
23. (c)
x + y 2 xy
and 4pq = (a + b) (b + c)
2
= ab + b + ac + bc
2
= ab + 2b + bc
= b (a + 2b + c)
2pq
a
1 r
1
2
3
S1 =
= 2 , S2 =
= 2x =3
1
1
2
1
1
2
3
3
4
S3 =
=3x = 4
1
3
1
4
p
p +1
Sp =
=px
=p +1
1
p
1
p +1
S =
S 1 + S 2 + S 3 + S p
x+ y
x y
n1
2
1998
) ---(1)
= ar ( 1+r +-----+r
1
1000
2n 1
n=1
2
1998
)----(2)
= a ( 1+r +-----+r
1+
1+
(1) (2)
=r
1
3
1
3 +1
3 1
b
a
c
a
b
c
= 1+
a
a
2 ( + ) = 1 +
is 1 + + 2 + 2 = 0
1 + 2
2
+2
,---------
n =1
2b = a + c
2n
1 + 2 = ( + 2)
+=
26. (d)
a . ar . ar . ar . ar
5
10
2 5
5
= a . r = (ar ) = 6
1000
ar 2 = 6
3
1
(p + 1) (p + 2)
p2 + 3p + 2 2
1=
=
2
2
1
= p (p + 3)
2
( x + y)
( x y)
x 2+ 3
=
y 2 3
=2+3+4+------+p+(p+1)
21. (a)
r 1
.
r +1
19 20
= 36100
2
28. (c) S =
n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
6
20 21 41
S20 =
= 2870
6
b
c
30. (b)
+=
=
a
a
b2
Sn =
b
+
=
a
2 2
()2
b
a
( + )2 2 =
()2
i.e.,
b2
i.e.,
bc 2
a3
Multiply by
2c
a
a2
bc
b c
a
+ =2
c a
b
b a
c
are in A.P
,
and
c b
a
a b c
are in H.P.
, ,
c a b
b
a
c
b c2
=
a
a a2
h 0
(a)
[2 h]
lim
x 1
[x + 1] = lim [1 h + 1] =
x +1
h 0
= lim
1 h + 1
x 2
2h
= lim
h 0
1
1
=
2h 2
6.
2.
3.
(c)
(d)
lim
x 3
RHL = lim+
x 1
x [ x]
(x 4 ) (x 5)
x5
x 5
= lim (x 4) = 1
x 1
x 5
LHL RHL
Limit does not exist.
x 1+
x1
2 x 5
n n
7.
4.
x 2 + 5 x 14
= lim x + 7 = 9
(a) lim
x 2
x 2
x2
5.
(c)
lim
x2
3x =1
x 5
lim f (x ) lim f (x )
x 1
( x 1 +
x4
= lim (x 5 ) = 0
x 1+
1
lim
2 x 2
(x 4) (x 5)
x 5
lim f (x ) = lim 2x + 3 = 5
x 1
(x 1) (3 x )
x 1 3 x
(x 4) (x 5)
x 5
| x 3|
3x
= 1
= lim
x 3
x 3 x 3
1
2
(a)
lim
x 5
2n x 52n 1
5
xn
2
= lim
5
x 5
2 x
2
n 1
5
= n
2
x2
x 1 3 x
========================================================================================
===========Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2nd Floor, Siddamsetty
Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.
8.
(b)
9.
(a)
lim
x 2
t 0
t
(put x2 = t)
t
cos +
4
2
= lim
t 0
10. (d)
lim
x 0
1 cos + 3 sin
4 sin cos
2
2
= lim
0
2 sin2 + 2 3 sin cos
2
2
2
2 cos
2
= 2
= lim
0
3
sin + 3 cos
2
2
x2
x
cos
4
= lim
sin
t
4
x0
13. (a)
xLt0
14. (b)
sin[1 + [x ]] sin 0
=
=0
[x]
1
(2x+3)2 = 4x2 + 12x + 9
f(x) = 8x + 12
sin(10 + x ) sin(10 x )
x
= lim
2 sin
= lim
x
lim 2
lim 2x
180 = lim sin 2 = 2
lim
=
lim
x 0
x 0
0
x
x
180
15. (b)
2 cos 10 sin x
x
y = x+
1
x
dy
1
= 1 2
dx
x
dy
= 0 at x = 1
dx
= 2 cos10
11. (a)
lim
sin sin x / 2
2
( x )2
16. (d)
) , put t = x
f(x) = sinx
1
f(x) = cosx f =
2
3
t
sin sin2
2 2
= lim
t 0
t2
= lim
sin cos 2 t / 2
= lim
sin sin t / 2
t 0
= lim
lim
t 0
( sin
t/2t
t2
t2
17. (a)
lim
h0
when x , 0
3
Put = x
lim
2 sin
1 2 cos +
3
h0
| 3 + h 3 | 0
h
lim
f (3 + h) f (3 )
=
h
=1
h0
f (3 h ) f (3 )
=
h
| 3 h 3 | 0
= 1
h
f(3) does not exist
18. (a)
12. (c)
LHL = lim
RHL= lim
h0
sin sin 2 t / 2
t 0
t2
t 0
5 9 x2
f (2) f ( x )
lim
= lim
x 2 x 2
x2
x2
9
+
x
= lim
x 2
(
x
2
)
5
9
x
(
x
+
2
)
(
x
2
)
= lim
x 2
2
(
x
2
)
5
+
9
========================================================================================
===========Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2nd Floor, Siddamsetty
Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.
19. (a)
5+ 5
= 1 sinx
dy
2
2
cos2 x
= cos x sec x + 1
dx
f(x) = cosx
f = 0
2
= 1 + (1 sin2x)
= 1 + cos2 x
= 2 sin x.
2
20. (b)
lim
x2
xf (2) 2f (x )
x2
23. (c)
24. (b)
f (x ) f (2)
= f(2) lim 2
x2 x 2
sin x
x
x 1
dy (x 1) x
=
dx
(x 1)2
(x 1)2
sin x x cos x
sin2 x
25. (c)
22. (a)
xy = x+y
y=
= f(2) 2 f(2)
d
dx
f(x) = 3 cosx
x 2
x2
f(x) =
3 cos2 x 1
sin x
= 3 sinx
x2
x 2
21. (d)
f(x) =
= lim
1 sin2 x
1 + sin x
xy = c2 y =
dy c 2
= 2
dx
x
cos2 x
f(x) =
1 + sin x
c2
x
1.
(c)
x7 + x 3 + 1 1 1 + 1 1
=
=
x 1
1 1
2
lim
x 1
4.
(c)
=
1
1
lim
=
n0 2 h
2
2.
3.
(a)
(c)
lim
x 1
= lim
x 1
lim f (x ) = lim x 2 1 = 3
x 2+
lim
x 0
x 2
(d) RHL =
x x
x 0
lim
LHL =
x2 + 1 2
x2 + 1 + 2 = 2 2
4+h4
h 0 4+ h 4
= lim
= 1
5.
x2 1
lim h
=1
h0 h
lim
4 h 4
h 0 4 h 4
x 1
h
lim
h 0 h
========================================================================================
===========Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2nd Floor, Siddamsetty
Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.
lim
h
= 1
h 0 h
12. (d)
1 + cos 2 x + 2
lim
( + x )2
RHL LHL
the limit does not exist.
6.
(c)
= lim
2 (cos x + 1)
= lim
2 (cos(t ) + 1)
= lim
2 (1 cos t )
x b
| x | b
= lim
x>0
lim
x b b x
x b b x
(a)
lim f (x ) = 6 +
x2
t2
x 0
lim f (x ) = 4
x 2
t2
x 0
= 1
7.
( + x )2
= lim 2 2
x 0
= 2
8.
(d)
= lim
x 8
lim
x 8
x 2 82
13. (c)
x x 16 2
x 2 82
x8
3/2
x8
x
83 / 2
= 16
lim
x 0
14. (d)
1
3 1/ 2
8
2
sin2
t
2 =
t2
4
4
cos x
=1
sin x
x 1+
lim f (x ) = 7
x 2
8 2
=
3
lim f (x ) = 7
x 2+
9.
(a)
x 2
sin x
sin( t )
lim
= lim
x x
t 0
t
(put x = t)
= lim
t 0
10. (a)
lim
sin t
=1
t
15. (d)
2 sin x sin 2x
( x )
= lim
t 0
f(x) =
2
x
2
x2
f(1) = 2
2 sin( t ) sin 2( t )
t
(Put t = x)
f(x) =
16. (a)
2 sin t + sin 2t
t
= lim
= lim
2 sin t
sin 2t
+ lim
x 0
t
t
f(a) = 1
t 0
t 0
=4
= cos(x+a)
17. (d)
11. (d)
lim 2 cos 5
x 0
sin x
= 2 cos 5 .
x
h0
Left f(0) =
f (0 h) f (0 )
h
lim =
h0
1
h
========================================================================================
===========Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2nd Floor, Siddamsetty
Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.
18. (d)
1 + h3 0
=
= lim
h 0
h
tan2 (a + h) tan2 a
lim
h0
h
=
lim
h0
f (a + h) f (a )
= f(a)
h
= 2 tan a sec2a
19. (c)
h 0
20. (d)
f (0 h) f (0)
h
========================================================================================
===========Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2nd Floor, Siddamsetty
Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.
Assignment Exercise
1.
(a)
2.
(d)
lim
x 3
x2 3 9 3
=
=3
x 1
2
x4
lim
x + 12 + 4
x + 12 16
x + 12 4
x 4
lim
1
= 4.1. = 1
2
x + 12 4
x 4
= lim
x 4
sin
sin x
2
= lim 4
.
x 0
x x
9.
(c)
1 sin x
lim
cos x
=8
cos x 0
= lim
= = 0
1 + sin x
2
n
3.
(d)
lim
x 0
=
=
4.
(1 + ax ) (1 ax )
) (
2
2
lim 1 + ax 1 ax
x 0 x 1 + ax + 1 ax
lim 2a
f(x) = x9 93
10. (a)
f(x) = 9x8
f (1) = 9
=a
x 0 2
11. (d)
Standard result.
12. (b)
sin2 x
lim
x 0
lim = 0.
5.
(d)
lim
x 0
6.
x
does not exist
x
x 0
(x + 1)8 18
x +11 (x + 1) 1
lim
(a)
x2
x 0
14. (a) 3.
f(x) = 2cosx+1
2 sin2 x
4. x
(d)
15. (c)
lim
x 1
(x
lim
+ 3 2
x
x 1
=8
x 0
= lim
x 0
x 0
(x
3 2 3
.1 =
2
2
x +3 +2
x + 3 + 2
(x 1) x 2 + 3 + 2
= lim
=
8.
3 sin x
2 x
=8
cos 3 x cos 5 x
lim
x 0
2 sin 4 x sin x
sin2 0
=0
0 1
f(x) = 2 sinx
lim
7.
(x + 1)8 1
lim
(c)
13. (a)
x 1
2
x +1
x + 3 + 2
2
2
1
=
4
2
x
2
x3
(d)
lim
x a
2x
is = 1
a+x
2.
(c)
lim
x 2
x + 2 2 2
=
= 2
2x 2
2
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===========Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2nd Floor, Siddamsetty
Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.
3.
= lim
(a) lim x [x ] is
x2
x 1
x 1
13. (a)
lim
x 0
=10=1
(b)
5.
6.
1
5
lim
x4
(d)
[x] + 1 4.
By definition
Since lim
x 0
x3
lim
= lim
1 x 3
x 3 1
x 3
(b)
lim
(x 3)3x
(3 x )
(b)
tan 5x 3x
5 x sin 3 x
tan 5 x
3
53
x
lim
=
=1
sin
3
x
x 0
53
5
x
x 0
= 9
7.
x 1
= lim x lim [x ]
4.
sin(x 2)
(x 2)(x + 3)
x 0
x 0
sin mx
= m and
x
tan mx
=m
x
14. (b)
lim
x 0
x sin x
x sin x
= lim
1 cos x x 0 2 sin2 x
2
x
=1
sin x
=2
8.
lim
(b)
x 0
1 cos 2x
= lim
x 0
x
sin x
=
x
lim
15. (c)
9.
(b)
lim
x 0
2 sin x + 1
1 + tan x
1 cos x
x (1 + cos 2x )
lim
2 sin2
lim
x2
x 0
x
2 lim
1
x 0 1 + cos 2x
= lim
x 0
x2
4
lim
lim
x 0
sin 3 x 3 sin x
x
= lim
x 0
=4
lim
x
4
1 tan x
(1 + tan x )(1
2
2 sin x
(1
2 sin x (1 + tan x )
cos 2 x
(1
(1 + tan x )
2 sin x (1 + tan x )
4 sin3 x
x3
1 1
=
(1 + 1)1 2 .
2
2
1
=
2. 2 2
lim
x 0
tan 5x sin 8x
= 3
x
16. (b)
12. (c)
2 sin x (1 + tan x )
=
x
11. (d)
(1
1 tan2 x
x
2 1 2
4
1
4
10. (a)
lim
x
2 sin2
1 2 sin2 x
lim
x 2
sin(x 2 )
sin x
sin x
.
x
2x
x
1.0 = 0 as x 0
x
2
x2 + x 6
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===========Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2nd Floor, Siddamsetty
Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.
17. (c)
18. (b)
x0
lim
x 0
sin x 0
lim
1
1
= =1
1
sin
x
18
lim
x 0
x
18
lim
x n
(8 + x )13 (8 + x2 x3 ) 3
1
(8 + x )13 (8 + x2 + x3 ) 3
2 sin 3 . sin
. 3 = 3.
2. 3 .
20. (b)
lim (1 + x )(1 x )
=
x 1
cos x
sin (1 x )
2
2
(1 x )
2
2.2 4
2
. (1 + x )
= as x 1
lim
x 1
sin (1 x )
2
(1 + x )(1 x )
lim
lim
x 1
lim
x 1+
lim
h0
21. (a)
sin 2
sin 2
cos
2
lim it = lim
0
1 cos 2
= lim
22. (d)
lim
x
1
3
x 2 + x3
2 1 +
1
3
1
3
x
x 2 x3
+
2
24
24
24 = 1 x + x
=
2
2
3
1 x x
x
x
x
24 24 24
Limit = 1.
26. (d)
= xLt1
= xLt1
sin 2 0
=
=0
cos 2
1
x
x 2 x3
1+
24
24
=
x
x 2 + x3
1+
1+
24
24
= 2.
cos 2 1
sin 2
cos 2
= lim
0
(1 cos 2)
x 2 x3
2 1 +
1+
h 0
1
3
x2 1
x 1
(x + 1) (x 1) x = 1 + h
(x 1) x 1
(1 + h + 1) (1 + h 1)
(1 + h 1)
2 1 +
8
x
2 1 +
8
x 1
25. (a)
=
19. (a)
sec 2 (x )
cos 3 x 0
1 + cos 2 x 0
= lim
x
2
sin 3 x
2 sin 2 x
(LHospitals rule)
3
sin 3 x
Lim
2 x sin 2 x
2
= 1,
sin
2
23. (b)
lim
lim
24. (c)
sin 2
cot
2
cos ec 2
= 1.
1
x n
= 0 =
2
x n
x n
tan x
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===========Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2nd Floor, Siddamsetty
Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.
(x 1) n
n
x 1
x 1
=
=
x xn 1 n (x 1)
(x 1)2
xn+1 nx x + n
(x 1)2
x2
= lim 2x = 0
= lim
2
x 0 tan x
x 0 sec x
By L Hospitals rule.
29. (d)
x 1
n (n + 1)
=
.
2
28. (d)
lim
2 cosx
f = +
2
x 0
x 0
1 + cos 2x
f(x) = 2 sinx
(n + 1) xn n 1
x 1
2 (x 1)
n (n + 1) xn1
lim
= lim
=
f(x) =
1
. cos x
log sin x
sin
x
= lim
1
1
x 0
2
x
x
30. (b)
f(x) =
1+ sin 2x
1/ 2
= (cosx + sinx)
f(x) = sinx+cosx
f(0) = 1
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===========Triumphant Institute of Management Education Pvt. Ltd. (T.I.M.E.) HO: 95B, 2nd Floor, Siddamsetty
Complex, Secunderabad 500 003.