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2000)
Molecular weight (MW): 153.82 (ONeil and Smith, 2001)
Chemical formula: CCl4 (ONeil and Smith, 2001)
Boiling point: 76.8 C (NLM, 2003; Lide, 2000)
Melting point: 23 C (NLM, 2003; Lide, 2000)
Vapor pressure: 1.15 102 mm Hg at 25 C (NLM, 2003)
Density: 1.5940 g/mL at 20 C (NLM, 2003; Lide, 2000)
Vapor density (air=1): 5.32 (NLM, 2003); 5.41 (ONeil and
Smith, 2001)
9. Water solubility: 7.93 102 mg/L at 25 C (NLM, 2003;
Horvath, 1982).
10. Other solubility: Miscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform,
ether, carbon disulfide, petroleum ether, oils (NLM, 2003; ONeil
and Smith, 2001)
11.Partition coefficient: log Kow = 2.83 (NLM, 2003; Hansch et
al., 1995)
12.Flash point: Not flammable (NLM, 2003)
13.Flammability limits: Not flammable(NIOSH, 1994).
14.Autoignition temperature: >1000 C (Holbrook, 1993) .
15.Latent heat of vaporization: 1.959 105 J/kg (U.S. Coast
Guard, 1999)
16.Heat of fusion: 5.09 cal/g (NLM, 2003; U.S. Coast Guard, 1999)
Carbon tetrachloride is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts
in animals and humans. Dermal absorption of liquid carbon tetrachloride is possible,
but dermal absorption of the vapour is slow. Distribution is throughout the whole
body, with highest concentrations in liver, brain, kidney, muscle, fat
and blood. Its tends to accumulate in fat (Sanzgiri et al., 1997; IPCS,
1999;Benson et al., 2001. It is generally accepted that the
hepatotoxicity of CCl4 results from the metabolism of CCl4 to the
trichloromethyl free radical (CCl 3) by the NADPHcytochrome P450
system, transferring an electron from NADPH to CCl 4 [1-2,9-12]. This
free
radical
is
oxidized
further,
forming
the
even
more
reactive
Holbrook, MT. (1993) Carbon tetrachloride. In: Kroschwitz, JI; HoweGrant, M, eds. Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology. 4th
edition. Vol. 5. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons; pp. 1062-1072.
U.S.Coast Guard. (1999) Carbon tetrachloride. Chemical Hazards
Response Information System (CHRIS) Hazardous Chemical Data.
Department of Transportation, Washington, DC; Available from:
<http://www.chrismanual.com/findform.htm>.
7.^ Jump up to:a b Seifert WF, Bosma A, Brouwer A et al. (January 1994). "Vitamin A deficiency
potentiates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats". Hepatology 19 (1): 193201
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Iannone A, Vannini V, Dianzani MU. (1987) Free-radical metabolism
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Benson JM et al. (2001) Uptake, tissue distribution, and fate of
inhaled carbon tetrachloride: comparison of rat, mouse, and
hamster. Inhalation Toxicology, 13(3):207217.
Sanzgiri UY et al. (1997) Uptake, distribution, and elimination of
carbon tetrachloride in rat tissuesfollowing inhalation and ingestion
exposures. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 143:120129.
WHO (World Health Organization) (1999) Carbon Tetrachloride IPCS Environmental health
criteria 208, WHO, Genve, CH.
McGregor D, Lang M (1996) Carbon tetrachloride: genetic effects and other modes of action. Mutation
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