Name

Class

34

Endocrine and
Reproductive Systems

Date

Chapter Test A

Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided.
_____ 1. Unlike endocrine glands, exocrine glands
a. release secretions outside of the body.
b. release hormones.
c. release secretions directly into the blood.
d. are found throughout the body.
_____ 2. Nonsteroid hormones could be
a. modified amino acids.
b. proteins.

c. small peptides.
d. all of the above.

_____ 3. Read the following statements that describe the action of nonsteroid hormones. What is the
correct order in which they occur?
1) Secondary messengers activate or inhibit a wide range of cell activities.
2) Enzymes are activated on the inner surface of the cell membrane.
3) Secondary messengers are released to relay the hormones message within the cell.
4) The hormone binds to receptors on the cell membrane.
a. 4, 2, 3, 1
b. 3, 1, 2, 4

c. 4, 3, 1, 2
d. 3, 4, 2, 1

Figure 341

_____ 4. In Figure 341, structure E produces which of the following hormones when youre feeling
stress about a big test?
a. calcitonin
c. epinephrine
b. thyroxine
d. glucagon
471

Name

Class

Date

_____ 5. Feedback inhibition means that an increase in a substance will lead to a

a. decrease production of that substance.
b. increase production of that substance.
c. increase the production of other substances.
d. stop of the production of another substance.
_____ 6. Which hormones stimulate the gonads to mature?
a. FSH and LH
c. androgens
b. estrogens
d. testosterone and progesterone
_____ 7. The testes dont begin producing sperm and the ovaries do not begin releasing eggs until
a. birth.
c. gastrulation.
b. fertilization.
d. puberty.
_____ 8. About how many sperm are in one milliliter of semen?
a. 1,0005,000
c. 12 million
b. 250,000500,000
d. 50130 million
_____ 9. A females ovaries release about how many mature eggs in her lifetime?
a. 100
c. 50,000
b. 400
d. 400,000
_____ 10. Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases is caused by a virus?
a. syphilis
c. genital herpes
b. chlamydia
d. gonorrhea
_____ 11. The most commonly reported bacterial infection in the United States is
a. AIDS.
c. genital herpes.
b. chlamydia.
d. gonorrhea.
_____ 12. Which of the following is a function of the placenta?
a. mixing the blood of the mother and the fetus
b. protecting the fetus from drugs, such as alcohol, in the mothers body
c. providing nutrients to the fetus
d. cushioning and protecting the fetus
_____ 13. If a woman is who is infected with HIV becomes pregnant,
a. the placenta will protect the fetus from HIV.
b. HIV can cross the placenta and infect the fetus.
c. HIV could harm the placenta.
d. the fetus will probably recover quickly from the disease.

472

Name

Class

Date

Figure 342

_____ 14. In which structure in Figure 342 is fertilization occurring?

a. ovary
c. uterus
b. Fallopian tube
d. uterine wall
_____ 15. Pitocin is a synthetic drug that is often used to stimulate uterine contractions. Which
hormone has a similar function?
a. thyroxine
c. oxytocin
b. FSH
d. prolactin

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the underlined word or phrase to make
the statement true.
_____ 16. Aspirin can relieve the pain of a headache because it inhibits the synthesis of hormones.
_____ 17. The pancreas produces hormones that help to keep your blood glucose levels stable after
eating an ice cream sundae.
_____ 18. In a 28-day menstrual cycle, menstruation usually begins on the 14th day of the menstrual
cycle.
Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.
19. Because steroid hormones are made of
, they can easily cross cell
membranes.
20. When you drink a lot of water, the organ that prevents your blood from becoming too dilute by
removing excess water from it is the
.
Short Answer
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.
21. If a steroid hormone-receptor complex was not able to enter the nucleus of a cell, how would this
affect the cells activities?
473

Name

Class

Date

22. Construct a flow chart that shows the path through which sperm travel from the time they are
produced until they are expelled from the male body.
23. A woman visits her doctor after a year of not being able to become pregnant. Her doctor orders a
series of tests to measure different hormone levels in her blood throughout her menstrual cycle.
The doctor finds that her estrogen levels remain low throughout the follicular phase of her cycle.
What might be causing this? What might be the result during this phase?
24. Many sperm may reach an egg in a Fallopian tube at the same time. What prevents more than one
sperm from fertilizing an egg?
25. Sometimes during pregnancy, the placenta forms over the cervix. Why might this be a serious
condition for the mother and fetus?

Using Science Skills

Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines provided.

Figure 343

474

Name

Class

Date

26. Interpret Visuals What does Figure 343 show?

27. Interpret Visuals Based on Figure 343, what happens as the level of thyroxine increases in the
blood?
28. Infer Based on Figure 343, which hormone directly stimulates target cells in the body?
29. Predict Give an example of how the process in Figure 343 would change in a person who has
hyperthyroidism. What are some symptoms of this condition?
30. Apply Concepts Look at Figure 343. How will the three endocrine glands shown behave on a
cold day, when the body needs a higher level of metabolic activity to stay warm?

Essay
Write the answer to each question in the space provided.
31. The prefix endo means inside, while the prefix exo means outside. How do these prefixes
reflect the function of the endocrine and exocrine glands?

475

Name

Class

Date

32. In a rare genetic disorder called Kallman syndrome, the hypothalamus produces reduced levels of
the hormone that signals the pituitary to increase its production of LH. How would this disorder
affect a persons development and ability to reproduce? Explain your answer.

33. Once sperm enter the female reproductive system, they usually live for only 12 to 48 hours. What
could be one reason that sperm do not live long inside the female body? What effect does this have
on fertilization?

34. Compare and contrast human development during months 46 and months 79 after fertilization.

35. When you exercise vigorously, your body loses water in the form of sweat. How do feedback
mechanisms in the endocrine system help you to maintain water balance?

476