Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TOPIC A. HV MEASUREMENTS
Abstract: The dielectric strength of air is influenced by air density (temperature and pressure) and
humidity. Such effects need to be taken into account when external insulation is designed and
tested. Since the conditions of application and the conditions of the laboratory tests may be
different, it is often necessary to make corrections between different atmospheric conditions. For
engineers at manufacturers, utilities or high-voltage laboratories, they follow the relevant IEC
standards. However, atmospheric conditions influence the dielectric strength of air in a
complicated way. Simplified and generalized solutions may cause vacillations especially when
different recommendations are given in different standards without sufficient clarifications. It is
the intension of this paper to give an outline of such issues that may lead to uncertainties in the
application of various IEC standards regarding the atmospheric correction. Some proposals are
also given for discussion.
1.
INTRODUCTION
p1 273 + t0
p0 273 + t1
(1)
Pg. 89
Paper A-15
TOPIC A. HV MEASUREMENTS
G factor method
G=
E
Es
(2)
3.2.
ka = e
H
m
8150
(4)
G
Figure 1: The relations of m=f(G) given in [2].
3.
3.1.
RECOMMENDATIONS IN IEC
STANDARDS
IEC 60060-1 (1998-11)
kt = kw= U/U0
(3)
Pg. 90
very convenient for the purpose of insulation coordination and the determination of type test voltage
3.7.
4.
4.1.
H 1000
8150
4.2.
3.6.
(5)
3.4.
ka = e
TOPIC A. HV MEASUREMENTS
This standard [9] has exactly the same approach for the
altitude correction as that in IEC 62271-1 [5].
Pg. 91
Paper A-15
TOPIC A. HV MEASUREMENTS
1.
Standard
reference
conditions
with
temperature of 20oC, air pressure of 101.3
kPa, and absolute humidity of 11g/m3
2.
3.
Specific
site
conditions
(application
conditions) with altitude of, e.g., 1600 meters,
and
4.
Severity
kt
Theoretically kt
Normal service conditions
kt
Pg. 92
TOPIC A. HV MEASUREMENTS
2.
3.
ka = e
4.
kc = L/ L0 =a
-m
5.
6.
(6)
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
H 1000
8150
kt = U/U0=m
It is the same as for air insulation correction; no
correction for the creepage distance is needed for
altitude up to 1000 meters. In pollution test, for the
insulators of the same shed profile and at a given
pollution level, the relationship between the U50 and the
creepage distance is in most cases linear [12].
Therefore, one can replace the voltage in equation (3)
with creepage distance, L:
Pg. 93
Paper A-15
TOPIC A. HV MEASUREMENTS
Paper A-15
Pg. 94