Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mitchai Chongcheawchamnan
Computer Engineering Department,
Faculty of Engineering
Prince of Songkla University
Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand 90 1 12
mitchai@coe.psu.ac.th
Sakol Julrat
Computer Engineering Department,
Faculty of Engineering
Prince of Songkla University
Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand 90 1 12
Sakol.julrat@gmail.com
PI
Six-port circuit
P2
I.
INTRODUCTION
Figure I.
S R
---,
,
Power
t--t-tB,
....--I Detector
,
Processor
'--_ ..
...
,
1....-----1
I AWGN I
A. Accuracy performance
The systematic error and additive white Gaussian noise
(AWGN) in a SPR can deteriorate the performance of
accuracy. The systematic error, which can be regarded as a
deterministic signal, can effectively eliminated by applying a
calibration technique prior to measuring the load. AWGN,
which is a random signal, cannot reduce by the calibration
process but by adopting a suitable six-port circuit. To study
the AWGN effect on a performance of accuracy of a SPR will
save time and cost considerably.
IA signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (in dB) can be written as
shown,
SNR
20 .
ioglO
G:)
eM
'
N
""- l II:I - I:I I
N "I-
1
-
Figure 2.
r----....---....---...---..... 2.5
2
1.5
1
( 1),
(2),
-75
-55
Figure 3.
-35
-15
(dBm)
Model
SPR
Measure
SPR
Analysis model
0.5
RF detector
RF Power
B.
,,
i'
,
,
, ......- ,,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
L ___'
Figure 4.
f---+r
Power
- Processor
....... r'
Detector
...-
III.
each SNR was computed from an average value of IIi -Ii ' I
of load i (i
1, 2, ... , 1000), called mean absolute error. To
cover a unit circle in the complex plane, these loads were
randomly chosen in such a way that they are uniformly
distributed in the unit circle.
=
A.
Systematic error
TABLE I.
Structure
Sampling line
Five-port ring
Calibration technique
Five-load
Seven- load
0.95
0.066
0.0525
0.0054
B. A WGN effect
L.
0
L.
L.
Q.l
LOE+OO
LOE-04
:l
"0
'"
<:II
<:II
LOE-02
LOE-06
LOE-08
LOE-10
LOE-12
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
SNR(dB)
Figure 5.
C.
Experimental results
IV.
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
r..
0
t:
Q,I
Q,I
....
=
'0
'"
,.Q
;
Q,I
1.0E+02
I.
Measurement FR
[2]
FR
1.0E+00
....... Ideal
1.0E-02
1.0E-04
[3]
1.0E-06
1.0E-08
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
1.0E-10
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
SNR(dB)
(a)
'0
'"
1.0E+00
1.0E-02
75
90
105
120
1.0E-06
1.0E-08
1.0E-10
1.0E-12
Q,I
1.0E-04
,.Q
1.0E-12
r..
0
r..
r..
Q,I
Q,I
....
=
REFERENCES
[I]
Measurement SL
SL
....... Ideal
15
30
45
60
SNR(dB)
(b)
Figure 8. Comparison Error from Mathematical model with Implementation
six-port, (a) FR Measured error with Ideal Six-port, (b) SL Measured error
with Ideal Six-port.