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It has been argued that demand for services traditionally provided for by unions has declined overtime due to:
a. Badly responding to changing workforce and negative stereotypes. Reducing the need for unions, enlightened
ER practices and protective legislation is a substitute.
Workers express a preference for representation in the workplace that is independent of management. This statement
represent which of the three objective of employment relationship?
a. Voice
Most countries base their industrial relations system on the perspective that there should be balance between:
a. Employee relations and workers rights
The legal doctrine stating that employers have the right to fire employees for good cause, for no cause, or even for
cause morally wrong is known as the
a. Employment-at-Will Doctrine
_______ occurs when representatives of the employer and representative of its workers negotiate the terms and
conditions of employment
a. Collective bargaining
How do the wage and benefit packages in union contracts affect non-union workers and their employers?
a. Union workers have union wage premium which pays approx. 15% higher than non-union workers and reduces
wage inequality. There can be a threat of becoming unionized or the employer can pay higher.
According to the HR school of thought, the labor problem stems from:
a. Poor management
The basis of the autocratic, sometimes brutal system of management in place during the early 1900s was a mindset that
viewed workers as:
a. Commodities
Many labor supporters, including major labor unions throughout the US are advocating for the proposed law which would
change the process of unionization to make it easier for workers to form and join unions. It is called the:
a. Employee Free Choice Act
The primary example of a system of shared, bilateral authority in which employee voice is independent of Managerial
Authority is called:
a. Collective Bargaining
Unions are considered bad because they interfere with the efficient operation of the economy.
a. Mainstream Economics
Unions are considered unnecessary if effective management policies are in place.
a. Human Resources Management
Unions are important for protecting workers and providing worker voice.
Unions are considered necessary to counter corporate bargaining power and raise the consciousness of the working
class.
Shaped by classical economic beliefs about the importance of free markets, for much of the 19 th and early 20th centuries,
the pendulum was leaning heavily toward giving the power to:
a. Employee/Management = ER
In 1935 the Wagner Act moved the pendulum swung toward the middle although most thought too far thus the pendulum
was leaning heavily toward giving the power to:
a. Employees/Labor = EE
Then in the 1940s the pendulum swung again with the Taft-Hartley Act heavily toward giving the power to:
a. Employee/Management = EE
The American Federation of Labor arose out of frustration with:
a. The Knights of Labors Failure to address everyday working issues
Recall learning about the three objectives of the employment relationship: equity, efficiency and voice as you answer the
next questions. An employer creates a safety team of 6 employees who are asked to recommend changes to the
workplace that will reduce accident rates. The team recommends eliminating a job rotation program that allows the
employer to move employees in and out of various jobs on an as-needed basis. They argue that job rotation both
increases employee stress and reduces the amount of experience that employees have with the various safety
procedures associated with a particular job. This scenario describes ta conflict between which two objectives of the
employment relationship:
a. Voice and efficiency
19 included with 20
Which of the following was not a primary function of the American Federation of Labor?
a. Direct negotiator with employers over wages, hours, and working conditions
The PATCO strike in the 1980s is significant because:
a. Many believe it created a new environment in which management could once again use aggressive tactics such
as hiring permanent strike replacement to fight unionization.
President Roosevelts _________ program was designed to create an active government role in guaranteeing the welfare
and security of the population through minimum wage, overtime laws, unemployment compensation and other protective
laws.
a. New Deal
Describe three ways how welfare capitalism was used to prevent unionization?

a.
b.
c.

Use company unions. Company Unions could not strike and did not have authority to force management to
discuss specific issues.
Provided wage incentives and offered protective insurance
Improved the physical work environment

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27) What legislation created a notional minimum wage, mandatory overtime premium for qualified workers, and restrictions on
child labor?
a. Fair Labor Standards Act
28) An ______ is a court-ordered restraint on action to prevent harm or damage to someone else
a. Injunction
29) A ______ is a promise by a worker not to join or support a union
a. Yellow Dog Contract
30) ______ was the first piece of legislation to give unions a legal right to exist.
a. The Clayton Act of 1914
31) Illegal actions by employers against union members or employees who support unions are known as:
a. Unfair Labor Practices
32) Read the case: Ethics in Action: The PATCO Strike, on page 105 of Ch. 3 on Historical Developments. Pounder your
answer to the two questions. Write neatly your considered, concise, clear answers below. Was it ethically acceptable for
the air traffic controllers to strike? Explain why or why not.
a. No it wasnt ethically acceptable for the workers to strike for higher wages. The workers were not working in
harsh conditions and they were paid well and also had benefits. Nothing about the workplace was harmful.
33) Was it ethically acceptable for President Reagan to fire the striking air traffic controllers? Explain why or why not.
a. Yes it was ethically acceptable for Regan to fire the workers. Regan had the right to permanently replace
workers, which is what he did when the strike started. If he wouldnt have done this, the planes over the US
were down and no travel would have happened.
34) Jennifer Disotell visited our class. What was the role of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service?
a. She mediated between Federal disputes. Comes to conclusion on how to work out between employees and
managers.
35) First explain in Q35, what is a right-to-work law, and then in Q36, discuss how it is harmful to unions.
a. Right to work law outlaws union and agency shops so employees cannot be forced to join unions.
36) It is harmful to unions because then you get the problem of free riders. Where workers do not pay dues but are keeping
the benefits.
What Three of the four ways in which public sector unionization differs from private sector unionization?
37) Public does not have the option of moving to different locations
38) Public are not bought and sold in economic markets
39) Public uses collective bargaining strategy
40) In 2005, several unions left the AFL-CIO to form a new federation of unions called:
a. Change to Win Federation
Explain three ways how the Employee Free Choice Act would address the perceived problems with the NLRB certification election
process.
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It would clarify unions based on signed authorization cards, rather than elections
If there werent agreements on the 1st contract, an arbitration panel impose a 2 year contact.
Penalties for violating the NLRB during a drive would be strengthened by providing damages for unlawful discrimination.
International trade can be defined as the cross-border flow or:
a. Goods and services
The World Trade Organization:
a. Was created to administer General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade provisions & to handle trade negotiations.
When foreign competitor is able to unfairly sell at the lower price because of government subsides, lower labor or lower
environmental standards, it is called:
a. Social dumping
A ______ is a countrys unique ability to excel in the production of a particular good (or service) due to its proximity to
natural resources or greater expertise
a. Comparative advantage
_____ include quotas, domestic subsidies, discriminatory government procurement policies & regulations such as import
licensing & product standards.
a. No-Tariff Trade Barriers
Write your answer to Ch. 5 Reflection Qs found on page 179. OLD BOOK
a. Managers in America are more likely to succeed by being concerned with the profits or bottom line. They
generally arent worried about the satisfaction of workers. Other countries appear to be more socially aware and
concerned so when union diversity is low there can be more of a competitive advantage.
Reflection Question #5 page 179.

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Part 1: Union strategies shape workers to respond in a traditional way of being flexible and having workers
express their wants more readily to managers to fix things collective voice.
Part 2: Managerial strategies used are union suppression and union substitution. These are union avoidances
where workers are afraid to go union because of demotion or harassment. Quit/Silent
Part 3: External environment can shape responses of being resistant to changes. It can use concession
bargaining to try and save jobs when environment is externally changing.
Part 4: How the company runs like certain rules, procedures, policies, can affect the choice to support unions.
Workers can be scared to speak up if their head boss is anti-union.