Math 111-001

Final Exam Study Guide

May 5, 2015
1.1 - Four Ways to Represent a Function
What is a function?
What are the ways to describe a function?

1.2 - Mathematical Models: A Catalog of Essential Functions

Polynomials, Power Functions, Rational Functions, Algebraic Functions, Trigonometric Functions, Exponential Functions, Logarithmic Functions.

1.3 - New Functions from Old Functions

Transformations: Translation, Stretch/Shrink, Reflect
Combinations: Sum, Difference, Product, Quotient
Composition

1.5 - Exponential Functions

f (x) = ax , a > 0
Graphs
Domain is (, )
e is number so that f 0 (0) = 1

1.6 - Inverse Functions and Logarithms

One-to-one and horizontal line test
f 1 (x) = y is the same as f (y) = x
Cancellation equations
f (f 1 (x)) = x
f 1 (f (x)) = x
Solve for inverses
Logarithms and Laws of Logs
Inverse Trig Functions

2.1 - The Tangent and Velocity Problems

What is a tangent line?
Velocity is Rate of Change of Position

2.2 - The Limit of a Function

Find a limit with a table or a picture.
When does the limit not exist?
One-Sided Limits
Infinite Limits

2.3 - Calculating Limits Using Limit Laws

Limit Laws
Bounding and The Squeeze Theorem

2.5 - Continuity
3 requirements:
a in domain
lim f (x) exists
xa

lim f (x) = f (a)

xa

Types of Discontinuities
Intermediate Value Theorem

2.6 - Limits at Infinity: Horizontal Asymptotes

Horizontal asymptotes

lim

1
=0
xr

Limits of other functions: trig, exponential, log, etc.

2.7 - Derivatives and Rates of Change

Derivative at a point
f (x) f (a)
f (a + h) f (a)
= lim
xa
h0
xa
h

f 0 (a) = lim

2.8 - The Derivative of a Function

Limit definition of the derivative
f 0 (x) = lim

h0

Differentiable/what is not differentiable?

Differentiable implies continuous
Higher derivatives

f (x + h) f (x)
h

3.1 - Derivatives of Polynomials and Exponential Functions

d
c=0
dx

d n
x = nxn1
dx

d
d
cf (x) = c f (x)
dx
dx

d
(f (x) g(x)) = f 0 (x) g 0 (x)
dx

d x
e = ex
dx

3.2 - The Product and Quotient Rules

d
f (x)g(x) = f 0 (x)g(x) + f (x)g 0 (x)
dx

d f (x)
f 0 (x)g(x) f (x)g 0 (x)
=
dx g(x)
(g(x))2

3.3 - Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

Derivatives of sin x, cos x, tan x, sec x, csc x, cot x

3.4 - The Chain Rule

d
d
(f g)(x) =
f (g(x)) = f 0 (g(x))g 0 (x)
dx
dx

d x
a = (ln a)ax
dx

3.5 - Implicit Differentiation

How to find slopes of tangents when the variables are mixed together.

3.6 - Derivatives of Logarithmic Functions

d
1
loga x =
dx
x ln a

d
1
ln x =
dx
x

Logarithmic Differentiation

3.7 - Rates of Change in the Natural and Social Sciences

How derivatives can help in science.
Marginal cost, demand, revenue, etc.

3.8 - Exponential Growth and Decay

Proportional growth/decay
Compound interest

4.1 - Maximum and Minimum Values

Extreme values
Local max/min
The Extreme Value Theorem
Fermats Theorem and Critical points

4.2 - The Mean Value Theorem

Rolles Theorem
Mean Value Theorem

4.3 - How Derivatives Affect the Shape of a Graph

Increasing/Decreasing Test
First Derivative Test
Concavity Test
Second Derivative Test

4.4 - Indeterminate Forms and lHospitals Rule

lHospitals Rule: Use when in form

0
0

or

Indeterminate forms

4.5 - Summary of Curve Sketching

Use everything you can to sketch.

4.7 - Optimization Problems

Draw pictures
Write equations that represent known information
Use equations to write an equation for the value you want to maximize/minimize.
Use the derivative to maximize/minimize.
Make sure you answered the question!

4.9 - Antiderivatives
Antiderivatives are the opposite of the derivative

5.1 - Areas and Distances

Use a number of boxes to approximate area.
x =

ba
n ,

xi = a + ix

Rn = xf (x1 ) + xf (x2 ) + . . . + xf (xn )

Ln = xf (x0 ) + xf (x1 ) + . . . + xf (xn1 )

5.2 - The Definite Integral

Riemann sum computations for definite integrals
Properties of definite integrals

5.3 - The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus parts 1 and 2

5.4 - Indefinite Integrals and the Net Change Theorem

Definite integrals - notation for antiderivatives
Net Change Theorem

5.5 - The Substitution Rule

Undo the chain rule
Look for an Inside Function

6.1 - Areas Between Curves

Find where they touch - set functions equal to one another
Bigger - Smaller

6.2 - Volumes
Rotate f (x) about x-axis for a x b
Z
V =

(f (x))2 dx

Rotate area below f (x) above g(x) about x-axis for a x b

Z
V =
a

((f (x))2 (g(x))2 ) dx