World Trade Organisation International Trade Statistics 2009

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2009
International
World Trade Organization

International Trade Statistics 2009 offers a comprehensive overview of the latest developments
in world trade, covering the details of merchandise trade by product and trade in commercial
Trade
services by category.
Each chapter is introduced by a highlights section that identifies the most salient trends in the
data and illustrates them with numerous charts and maps. There is also a methodological chapter
that explains essential concepts and definitions used in compiling the statistics, and an appendix
with detailed data on trade by region. Statistics 120000
2009
International Trade Statistics 2009 serves as an invaluable reference for researchers, policy
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makers and anyone interested in international trade.
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International Trade Statistics 2009

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This report is also available in French and Spanish:
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ii
WTO Members (As of 23 July 2008)
Albania The Gambia Niger

Angola Georgia Nigeria
Antigua and Barbuda Germany Norway
Argentina Ghana Oman
Armenia Greece Pakistan
Australia Grenada Panama
Austria Guatemala Papua New Guinea
Bahrain, Kingdom of Guinea Paraguay
Bangladesh Guinea Bissau Peru
Barbados Guyana Philippines
Belgium Haiti Poland
Belize Honduras Portugal
Benin Hong Kong, China Qatar
Bolivia Hungary Romania
Botswana Iceland Rwanda
Brazil India Saint Kitts and Nevis
Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Saint Lucia
Bulgaria Ireland Saint Vincent & the Grenadines
Burkina Faso Israel Saudi Arabia
Burundi Italy Senegal
Cambodia Jamaica Sierra Leone
Cameroon Japan Singapore
Canada Jordan Slovak Republic
Central African Republic Kenya Slovenia
Cape Verde Korea, Republic of Solomon Islands
Chad Kuwait South Africa
Chile Kyrgyz Republic Spain
China Latvia Sri Lanka
Colombia Lesotho Suriname
Congo Liechtenstein Swaziland
Costa Rica Lithuania Sweden
Côte d’Ivoire Luxembourg Switzerland
Croatia Macao, China Chinese Taipei
Cuba Madagascar Tanzania
Cyprus Malawi Thailand
Czech Republic Malaysia Togo
Democratic Republic of the Congo Maldives Tonga
Denmark Mali Trinidad and Tobago
Djibouti Malta Tunisia
Dominica Mauritania Turkey
Dominican Republic Mauritius Uganda
Ecuador Mexico Ukraine
Egypt Moldova United Arab Emirates
El Salvador Mongolia United Kingdom
Estonia Morocco United States of America
European Communities Mozambique Uruguay
Fiji Myanmar Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
Finland Namibia Viet Nam
Former Yugoslav Republic Nepal Zambia
of Macedonia (FYROM) Netherlands Zimbabwe
France New Zealand
Gabon Nicaragua
iii
Acknowledgements
This publication has been prepared under the direction of Hubert Escaith, Chief Statistician. Andreas Maurer
coordinated the statistical report, and Vuddha Meach supervised the overall table, chart and map production, with the
assistance of Claudio Nicolai Wewel and Ying Yan. The statistical research and data compilation were conducted by
Barbara d’Andrea-Adrian, Christophe Degain, Florian Eberth, Joscelyn Magdeleine, Yann Marcus, Ninez Piezas-Jerbi and
Bekele Tamenu.
Acknowledgements are due to the multilateral, national and private institutions for providing their statistics. The
statistical sources used in this report are presented in Chapter IV Metadata.
The International Trade Statistics Section also wishes to thank Anthony Martin and other colleagues of the
Information and External Relations Division for their comments and suggestions. Our recognition is also due to WTO’s
printing team for the production, and the French and Spanish translators in the Languages Documentation and Information
Management Division for rendering the report in the WTO’s other official languages.
Finally, we wish to thank the community of “International Trade Statistics” users for their suggestions and comments
on previous editions. Their constant feed-backs allow us to better respond to statistical needs of our readers.
This publication is also available online at http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2009_e/its09_toc_e.htm
If you would like more information on the contents of this report or if you have any comments or suggestions for
improvement please contact the International Trade Statistics Section (statistics@wto.org).
iv
Contents
I. WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS – WORLD TRADE IN 2008
Highlights 1
1. Overview 7
2. Trade by region 8
3. Leading traders 12
4. Bilateral trade of leading traders 16
5. Regional Trade Agreements 23
6. Least-developed countries 27
7. Foreign affiliates trade in services 31
II. MERCHANDISE TRADE BY PRODUCT
Highlights 33
1. Overview 41
2. Agricultural products 46
2.1 Food 52
3. Fuels and mining products 57
3.1 Fuels 60
4. Manufactures 62
4.1 Iron and steel 69
4.2 Chemicals 72
4.3 Office and telecom equipment 75
4.3.1 EDP equipment 81
4.3.2 Telecommunications equipment 86
4.3.3 Integrated circuits and electronic components 91
4.4 Automotive products 96
4.5 Textiles 102
4.6 Clothing 109
III. TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES
Highlights 115
1. Overview 121
2. Transportation services 122
3. Travel 127
4. Other commercial services 132
4.1 Communications services 137
4.1.1 Telecommunications services 138
4.2 Construction 139
4.3 Insurance services 141

4.4 Financial services 143
v
4.5 Computer and information services 145
4.5.1 Computer services 147
4.6 Royalties and licence fees 148
4.7 Other business services 150
4.8 Personal, cultural and recreational services 153
4.8.1 Audiovisual services 155
IV. METADATA
1. Composition of geographical and economic groupings 157
2. Definitions and methodology 161
2.1 Merchandise trade 161
2.1.1 Exports and imports 161
2.1.2 Products 161
2.1.3 World trade network 163

2.1.4 Merchandise trade of selected major traders by product, region and
major trading partner (Appendix tables A18 to A28) 165
2.1.5 Merchandise trade and the goods account in balance of payments statistics 164
2.2 Trade in commercial services 164
2.2.1 Trade in commercial services between residents and non residents of an economy 165
2.2.2 Foreign affiliates trade in services statistics 167
2.3 Other definitions and methods 167
2.3.1 Annual changes 167
2.3.2 Prices 167
2.3.3 World merchandise trade indices 167
2.3.4 World production 168
2.3.5 World gross domestic product 168
2.3.6 Re-exports and re-imports 168
3. Specific notes for selected economies 169
3.1 Merchandise trade statistics of the European Union 169
3.2 Trade of South Africa with SACU (South African Customs Union) 169
3.3 Major breaks in data continuity of merchandise trade 169
3.4 Trade in services of the United States 169
3.5 Travel exports and transportation services exports and imports of Japan 170
3.6 Trade in other commercial services of India 170
3.7 Trade in commercial services of United Arab Emirates 170
3.8 Trade in commercial services of Nigeria 170
3.9 Trade in commercial services of South Africa 170
3.10 Trade in other commercial services of Bahrain 171
3.11 Trade in other commercial services of Oman 171
4. Statistical sources 172
Appendix 173
World maps 239
vi
List of tables
I. WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS – WORLD TRADE IN 2008
Highlights
1. Overview
Table I.1 Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production, 2000-2008 7
Table I.2 Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade by selected region and economy, 2000-2008 7
2. Trade by region
Table I.3 World merchandise trade and trade in commercial services by region
and selected economy, 2008 8
Table I.4 Intra- and inter-regional merchandise trade, 2008 9
Table I.5 Shares of regional trade flows in world merchandise exports, 2008 9
Table I.6 World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983,
1993, 2003 and 2008 10
Table I.7 World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983,
1993, 2003 and 2008 11
3. Leading traders
Table I.8 Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 2008 12
Table I.9 Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade (excluding intra-EU (27) trade),
2008 13
Table I.10 Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services, 2008 14
Table I.11 Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services
(excluding intra-EU (27) trade), 2008 15
4. Bilateral trade of leading traders
Table I.12 Merchandise trade of Canada by origin and destination, 2008 16

Table I.13 Merchandise trade of the United States by origin and destination, 2008 17
Table I.14 Merchandise trade of the European Union (27) by origin and destination, 2008 18
Table I.15 Merchandise trade of Japan by origin and destination, 2008 19
Table I.16 Trade in commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007 20
5. Regional Trade Agreements
Table I.17 Merchandise trade of NAFTA countries by major product group

and by origin/destination, 2008 23
Table I.18 Merchandise trade of MERCOSUR countries by major product group
Table I.19 Merchandise trade of Andean Community countries by major product group
Table I.20 Merchandise trade of ASEAN countries by major product group
6. Least-developed countries
Table I.21 Ratio of exports of goods and commercial services to GDP of the least-developed countries,
2007 27
Table I.22 Merchandise exports and imports of the least-developed countries by selected country grouping,
2008 28
vii
Table I.23 Imports of agricultural products, fuels and manufactures of the European Union (27), Asia and
North America from the least-developed countries, 2008 29
Table I.24 Exports of commercial services of the least-developed countries by category, 2007 30
7. Foreign affiliates trade in services
Table I.25 Sales by foreign affiliates of resident companies - affiliates located abroad primarily engaged in
services activities (outward FATS), 2003-2006 31
Table I.26 Sales by affiliates of foreign companies - resident affiliates primarily engaged in services
activities (inward FATS), 2003-2006 32
Highlights
1. Overview
Table II.1 World merchandise exports by major product group, 2008 41

Table II.2 World merchandise exports by major product group and region, 2008 42
Table II.3 Share of agricultural products in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region,
2008 43
Table II.4 Share of fuels and mining products in trade in total merchandise
and in primary products by region, 2008 43
Table II.5 Share of fuels in trade in total merchandise and in primary products by region, 2008 43
Table II.6 Share of manufactures in total merchandise trade by region, 2008 43
Table II.7 Share of iron and steel in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008 44
Table II.8 Share of chemicals in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008 44
Table II.9 Share of office and telecom equipment in trade in total merchandise
and in manufactures by region, 2008 44
Table II.10 Share of automotive products in trade in total merchandise
and in manufactures by region, 2008 44
Table II.11 Share of textiles in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008 45
Table II.12 Share of clothing in trade in total merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008 45
2. Agricultural products
Table II.13 Exports of agricultural products of regions by destination, 2008 46

Table II.14 Imports of agricultural products of selected economies by origin, 2008 47
Table II.15 Leading exporters and importers of agricultural products, 2008 49
Table II.16 Exports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2008 50
Table II.17 Imports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2008 51
2. 1 Food
Table II.18 Exports of food of regions by destination, 2008 52

Table II.19 Imports of food of selected economies by origin, 2008 53
Table II.20 Leading exporters and importers of food, 2008 54
Table II.21 Exports of food of selected economies, 1990-2008 55
Table II.22 Imports of food of selected economies, 1990-2008 56
3. Fuels and mining products
Table II.23 Exports of fuels and mining products of regions by destination, 2008 57
3. 1 Fuels
Table II.24 Imports of fuels of selected economies by origin, 2008 58
viii
Table II.25 Imports of fuels of selected regions and economies from the Middle East, 2000 and 2008 59
Table II.26 Exports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2008 60
Table II.27 Imports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2008 61
4. Manufactures
Table II.28 Exports of manufactures of regions by destination, 2008 62

Table II.29 Trade in manufactures of the United States, the European Union (27) and China
by origin and destination, 2008 63
Table II.30 Imports of manufactures of selected economies by origin, 2008 64
Table II.31 Leading exporters and importers of manufactures, 2008 66
Table II.32 Exports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2008 67
Table II.33 Imports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2008 68
4.1 Iron and steel
Table II.34 Exports of iron and steel of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008 69
Table II.35 Imports of iron and steel of the European Union (27) and the United States by origin, 2008 70
Table II.36 Leading exporters and importers of iron and steel, 2008 71
4.2 Chemicals
Table II.37 Exports of chemicals of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008 72
Table II.38 Leading exporters and importers of chemicals, 2008 73
Table II.39 Leading exporters and importers of pharmaceuticals, 2008 74
4.3 Office and telecom equipment
Table II.40 Exports of office and telecom equipment of selected regions and economies
by destination, 2008 75
Table II.41 Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008 76
Table II.42 Leading exporters and importers of office and telecom equipment, 2008 78
Table II.43 Exports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008 79
Table II.44 Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008 80
4.3.1 EDP equipment
Table II.45 Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008 81
Table II.46 Leading exporters and importers of EDP and office equipment, 2008 83
Table II.47 Exports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008 84
Table II.48 Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008 85
4.3.2 Telecommunications equipment
Table II.49 Imports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008 86

Table II.50 Leading exporters and importers of telecommunications equipment, 2008 88
Table II.51 Exports of telecommunication equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008 89
Table II.52 Imports of telecommunication equipment of selected economies , 1990-2008 90
4.3.3 Integrated circuits and electronic components
Table II.53 Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components

of selected economies by origin, 2008 91
Table II.54 Leading exporters and importers of integrated circuits and electronic components, 2008 93
Table II.55 Exports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2008 94
Table II.56 Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2008 95
ix
4.4 Automotive products
Table II.57 Exports of automotive products of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008 96
Table II.58 Imports of automotive products of selected economies by origin, 2008 97
Table II.59 Leading exporters and importers of automotive products, 2008 99
Table II.60 Exports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2008 100
Table II.61 Imports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2008 101
4.5 Textiles
Table II.62 Textile exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008 102
Table II.63 Textile imports of selected economies by origin, 2008 103
Table II.64 Leading exporters and importers of textiles, 2008 106
Table II.65 Textile exports of selected economies, 1990-2008 107
Table II.66 Textile imports of selected economies, 1990-2008 108
4.6 Clothing
Table II.67 Clothing exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008 109
Table II.68 Clothing imports of selected economies by origin, 2008 110
Table II.69 Leading exporters and importers of clothing, 2008 112
Table II.70 Clothing exports of selected economies, 1990-2008 113
Table II.71 Clothing imports of selected economies, 1990-2008 114
Highlights
1. Overview
Table III.1 World trade in commercial services by category, 2008 121

Table III.2 Growth of commercial services exports by category and by region, 1990-2008 121
2. Transportation services
Table III.3 World trade in transportation services by region, 2008 122

Table III.4 Leading exporters and importers of transportation services, 2008 123
Table III.5 Trade in transportation services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007 124
3. Travel
Table III.6 World trade in travel by region, 2008 127

Table III.7 Leading exporters and importers of travel, 2008 128
Table III.8 Trade in travel of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007 129
4. Other commercial services
Table III.9 World trade in other commercial services by region, 2008 132
Table III.10 Leading exporters and importers of other commercial services, 2008 133
Table III.11 Trade in other commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007 134
4.1 Communications services
Table III.12 World exports of communications services by region, 2007 137

Table III.13 Major exporters and importers of communications services, 2007 137
x
4.1.1 Telecommunications services
Table III.14 Major exporters and importers of telecommunications services, 2007 138
Table III.15 Exports of telecommunications services of selected economies by destination, 2007 138
4.2 Construction
Table III.16 World exports of construction by region, 2007 139

Table III.17 Major exporters and importers of construction, 2007 139
Table III.18 Exports of construction of selected economies by destination, 2007 140
4.3 Insurance services
Table III.19 World exports of insurance services by region, 2007 141

Table III.20 Major exporters and importers of insurance services, 2007 141
Table III.21 Exports of insurance services of selected economies by destination, 2007 142
4.4 Financial services
Table III.22 World exports of financial services by region, 2007 143

Table III.23 Major exporters and importers of financial services, 2007 143
Table III.24 Exports of financial services of selected economies by destination, 2007 144
4.5 Computer and information services
Table III.25 World exports of computer and information services by region, 2007 145
Table III.26 Major exporters and importers of computer and information services, 2007 145
Table III.27 Exports of computer and information services of selected economies by destination, 2007 146
4.5.1 Computer services
Table III.28 Major exporters and importers of computer services, 2007 147
Table III.29 Exports of computer services of selected economies by destination, 2007 147
4.6 Royalties and licence fees
Table III.30 World receipts of royalties and licence fees by region, 2007 148
Table III.31 Major economies for receipts and payments of royalties and licence fees, 2007 148
Table III.32 Receipts of royalties and licence fees of selected economies by origin, 2007 149
4.7 Other business services
Table III.33 World exports of other business services by region, 2007 150
Table III.34 Major exporters and importers of other business services, 2007 150
Table III.35 Exports of other business services of selected economies by destination, 2007 151
Table III.36 Trade in other business services by category in selected economies, 2007 152
4.8 Personal, cultural and recreational services
Table III.37 World exports of personal, cultural and recreational services by region, 2007 153
Table III.38 Major exporters and importers of personal, cultural and recreational services, 2007 153
Table III.39 Exports of personal, cultural and recreational services
of selected economies by destination, 2007 154
4.8.1 Audiovisual services
Table III.40 Major exporters and importers of audiovisual services and related services, 2007 155
Table III.41 Exports of audiovisual and related services of selected economies by destination, 2007 155
xi
IV. METADATA
1. Composition of geographical and economic groupings
Table IV.1 Composition of regions and other economic groupings 157
2.1.2 Products
Table IV.2 Products 161
2.2.1 Trade in commercial services between residents and non residents of an economy
Table IV.3 Number of economies reporting Balance of Payments services components for 2007 166
Appendix
Table A1 World merchandise exports, production and gross domestic product, 1950-2008 173
Table A2 Network of world merchandise trade by region, 2006-2008 176
Table A3 Merchandise trade of selected regional trade agreements, 2000-2008 178
Table A4 Merchandise trade by selected groups of economies, 1998-2008 179
Table A5 Trade in commercial services by selected groups of economies, 1998-2008 180
Table A6 World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1998-2008 181
Table A7 World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1998-2008 185
Table A8 World exports of commercial services by region and selected economy, 1998-2008 189
Table A9 World imports of commercial services by region and selected economy, 1998-2008 192
Table A10 Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 2006-2008 196
Table A11 Merchandise trade by region and selected economies, 1998-2008 – United States 202
Table A12 Merchandise trade by region and selected economies, 2004-2008 – European Union (27) 203
Table A13 Merchandise trade by region and selected economies, 1998-2008 – Japan 204
Table A14 Merchandise trade by region and selected economies, 1998-2008 – China 205
Table A15 Merchandise trade of the United States by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983,
1993, 2003 and 2008 206
Table A16 Merchandise trade of Europe by region and by product, 2004-2008 207
Table A17 Merchandise trade of Japan by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993,
2003 and 2008 208
Table A18 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 – Canada 210
Table A19 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner,
2007-2008 – United States 212
Table A20 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 – Brazil 214
2007-2008 – European Union (27) 216
Table A22 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 – China 218
2007-2008 – Hong Kong, China 220
Table A24 Domestic exports and re-exports of merchandise by product, region and
major trading partner, 2007-2008 – Hong Kong, China 222
Table A25 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 – Japan 224
2007-2008 – Chinese Taipei 226
Table A27 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 – Malaysia 228
Table A28 Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 – Singapore 230
Table A29 Total merchandise trade of NAFTA by products and by origin/destination,
2000 and 2006-2008 232
xii
Table A30 Total merchandise trade of MERCOSUR by products and by origin/destination,
2000 and 2006-2008 233
Table A31 Total merchandise trade of Andean Community by products and by origin/destination,
2000 and 2006-2008 234
Table A32 Total merchandise trade of ASEAN by products and by origin/destination,
2000 and 2006-2008 235
Table A33 Export prices of primary commodities, 1998-2009 236
Table A34 Export prices of Germany, Japan and the United States by commodity group, 1998-2009 237
Table A35 Import prices of Germany, Japan and the United States by commodity group, 1998-2009 238
World maps
Map 1 Composition of geographical regions 239

Map 2 WTO Members and Observers 240
Map 3 Ratio of exports and imports of goods and commercial services to GDP, 2007 241
Map 4 Exports of goods and commercial services per capita, 2007 242
xiii
Abbreviations and symbols
ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States IEA International Energy Agency
ASEAN Association of South-East Asian Nations IMF International Monetary Fund
AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area GTIS Global Trade Information Services Inc.
BOP Balance of Payments ISIC International Standard Industrial Classification
BPM5 Balance of Payments Manual, fifth edition LDCs Least-developed countries
CACM Central American Common Market MERCOSUR Southern Common Market
CARICOM Caribbean Common Market NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
CEMAC Economic and Monetary Community OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
of Central African States Development
CIS Commonwealth of Independent States SAARC South Asian Association for Regional
COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Co-operation
Southern Africa SADC South African Development Community
ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States SAPTA South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States SITC Standard International Trade Classification
EFTA European Free Trade Association WAEMU West African Economic and Monetary Union
EU European Union UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for
EUROSTAT Statistical Office of the European Communities Europe
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization UNECLAC United Nations Economic Commission
of the United Nations for Latin America and the Caribbean
FATS Foreign Affiliates Trade in Services UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade
FDI Foreign Direct Investment and Development
GCC Gulf Co-operation Council UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development
GDP Gross Domestic Product Organization
GNP Gross National Product UNSD United Nations Statistics Division
HS Harmonized Commodity Description
and Coding System
c.i.f. cost, insurance and freight

f.o.b. free on board
n.e.s. not elsewhere specified
n.i.e. not included elsewhere
The following symbols are used in this publication:

... not available
0 figure is zero or became zero due to rounding
- not applicable
$ United States dollars
Q1, Q2 1st quarter, 2nd quarter
I break in comparability of data series. Data after the symbol do not form a consistent series with those from
earlier years.
Billion means one thousand million.
Minor discrepancies between constituent figures and totals are due to rounding.
Unless otherwise indicated, (i) all value figures are expressed in U.S. dollars; (ii) trade figures include the intra-trade of
free trade areas, customs unions, geographical and other groups; (iii) merchandise trade figures are on a customs basis
and (iv) merchandise exports are f.o.b. and merchandise imports are c.i.f. Data for the latest year are provisional.
Closing date 15 August 2009
xiv
WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS
I.
I. WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS
Merchandise trade and GDP The Highlights

Does trade follow the pattern of GDP growth? I
IN THIS CHAPTER :
Data in real terms show that world gross domestic product (GDP) and Merchandise trade and GDP
world merchandise exports not only move in tandem, but that export growth Merchandise trade
exceeds GDP growth. Growth of world GDP is associated with an even Trade and GDP
higher growth in international trade. Declines also show the same tendency
Regional merchandise trade
as is shown by Chart I.1 on the volatility of world merchandise trade and flows
GDP from 1960 to 2008.
Leading merchandise
traders
World merchandise exports and GDP, The crisis and least-
Chart I.1 1960-2008 developed countries
(Annual percentage change)
Trade in commercial
15
services
10
Foreign affiliates and
5 services trade
-5
-10
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008
GDP Exports total
The income elasticity of manufac-

Elasticity of world merchandise trade,
tured exports is higher than that of Chart I.2 1960-2008
total merchandise exports. In other
words, trade in manufactured goods 3.5
responds more than merchandise 3.0

2.5
exports to changes in income. From
2.0
1960 to 2008, the average elasticity
1.5
for total merchandise was 1.7, but for
1.0
manufactured goods it was 2.1.
0.5
0.0
It is important to bear in mind that 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008
merchandise trade flows are recorded

Trade in manufactures Total merchandise trade
on a “gross basis” whereas GDP
measures the value added during the
production of goods and services (i.e.
output less intermediate consumption). This means in particular that traded intermediate products are only taken into
account in GDP through the additional value produced at each step of the production process. In merchandise trade
data, intermediate goods are counted at full value each time they cross the frontier. A higher number of cross-border
movements in the case of intermediate manufactured goods may therefore result in a higher growth of merchandise
trade compared to GDP. The emergence of international supply chains increases this phenomenon.
1
Merchandise trade
What is the importance of trade in intermediate goods?
Increasing trade in intermediate

I goods is one of the major reasons Chart I.3 Share of intermediate goods in non-fuel merchandise trade, 2008
for world trade experiencing larger
Chinese Taipei
changes than world GDP. Each time
Malaysia
goods cross the frontier, an interna-
Indonesia
tional transaction is recorded. When Germany
international supply chains include a Czech Rep.
number of tasks – as is the case for Costa Rica
transport equipment and electronics – Hong Kong, China,
unfinished goods may cross frontiers China
several times during the assembly proc- World
ess. The compilation of merchandise 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
trade statistics by customs administra-
Import Export
tions results in the recording of these
goods more than once. The impact of
this “double counting” can be significant. The share of intermediate manufactured products in non-fuel world trade was
around 40 per cent in 2008, but it can vary among countries depending on their export specialization. For example,
Chinese Taipei has an import share of 65 per cent and an export share of 71 per cent. Thus, roughly two-thirds of its
trade was in intermediate goods in 2008.
Trade and GDP
What does the trade to GDP ratio reveal?
Chart I.4 Ratio of exports and imports of goods and commercial services to GDP, 2007
(Percentage based on current dollar values)
0 - 30
30 - 60
60 - 100
≥ 100
Data not available

Note: Colours and boundaries do not imply any judgement on the part of WTO as to the legal status or frontier of any territory.
The ratio of exports and imports of goods and commercial services to GDP is often used to indicate the openness
of an economy.
2
However, results should not be interpreted as a trade policy indicator. For example, the United States shows a rela-
tively low ratio despite its openness to trade — as reflected, for example, by its low tariffs. This reflects the fact that
service-oriented and larger economies tend to show a relatively small ratio.
An increase in the value of trade may not be a consequence of trade liberalization. For example, oil price increases
lead to an increase of the value of exports of oil exporters that do not fully reflect an increase in an economy’s GDP.
The situation is even more marked for importing countries because the rise in the value of fuel imports may depress I
domestic economic activity, leading to a higher trade to GDP ratio. Exchange rate fluctuations also have an impact on
making comparisons among countries.
Regional merchandise trade flows
What is the impact of the crisis on trade within regions?
International merchandise trade continued to increase rapidly during the first half of 2008. It was not until September
2008 that the impact of the financial crisis became evident. As a result, the 2008 figure for total merchandise trade still
shows a positive annual rate of growth of 15 per cent, only slightly lower than the 16 per cent in 2007 but still above
the average of 12 per cent observed since 2000.
The crisis, initiated by failings in the sub-prime mortgage market in the United States and quickly spreading across
world financial markets, has had a different impact across regions, with the full impact felt across all regions only in
the fourth quarter of 2008. Trade levels deteriorated most in Europe, falling by nearly 16 per cent in the fourth quarter
compared with the same period of 2007. Asia’s exports declined by 5 per cent and North America’s by 7 per cent (year-
on-year). Trade within regions seemed to contract faster than trade between regions: trade within Europe – perhaps
the most closely integrated economic area – declined 18 per cent. In contrast, trade within Asia decreased at half this
rate, while trade within North America fell 10 per cent.
The first quarter of 2009, on a Quarterly percentage change in world

year-on-year basis, saw much steeper Chart I.5 merchandise exports by region
declines in each region’s export rates. (Percentage change, yoy)
The strongest decline was recorded 0.0
-5.0
in the “other” region, which combines
-10.0
the Commonwealth of Independent -15.0
States (CIS), Africa and the Middle -20.0
-25.0
East. Falling commodity prices, due
-30.0
to the overall recession in the world -35.0
economy, were mostly responsible -40.0
-45.0
for these declines.
-50.0
World North America South and Europe Asia Others
Central America
Trade within Asia declined 9 per
Q4 2008 Q1 2009
cent in the fourth quarter of 2008. In
the first quarter of 2009 this decline
increased to about 29 per cent. Trade in automotive products was the sector most affected, declining by 48 per cent
during the first quarter of 2009 (year-on-year), followed by iron and steel (37 per cent), office and telecom equipment
(29 per cent) and integrated circuits (31 per cent).
The most recent monthly data for world merchandise trade (see http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/quar-
terly_world_exp_e.htm) indicate an end to the declining trend – world merchandise trade increased by 8 per cent
between the first and second quarter (quarter on quarter) of 2009, with second quarter results still being down 33 per
cent when compared with the same quarter of the previous year (year on year).
The newly industrialized countries of Asia have seen their trade flows rebound more strongly than those of developed
economies, suggesting that much of their recent growth could be due to trade within Asia. Support for this theory is
provided by the Republic of Korea, whose exports to the world grew more slowly in July (22 per cent) than exports to
Asia (26 per cent) or exports to China (27 per cent). The fact that China’s imports grew twice as fast as its exports in
June (16 per cent versus 8 per cent) also suggests that trade within Asia could be benefiting from the country’s fiscal
stimulus package. China’s merchandise trade surplus narrowed in June from US$ 13 billion to US$ 8 billion.
3
Leading merchandise traders
What is the impact of the crisis on trade balances?
Before the global crisis, an increasing

I number of countries were experiencing
Merchandise trade balance as percentage of GDP,
1980-2009FH
Chart I.6
trade imbalances. Many analysts iden- (Percentage)
tify this trend as one of the reasons for 25
growing global tensions, if not directly 20
one of the causes of the crisis. Since 15
the early 1980s, both Germany and 10

5
Japan had recorded significant mer-
0
chandise trade surpluses. During the
-5
early 1980s, Germany’s trade surplus
-10
constantly increased, reaching its peak 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009
in 1988 at 5.9 per cent of GDP. After

United States Germany Japan
the steep drop in the early 1990s, the
trade surplus quickly increased again
until 2008 to reach 8 per cent of GDP.
Merchandise trade balance as percentage of GDP,
Japan’s merchandise trade balance in
Chart I.7 1980-2009FH
relation to GDP peaked in 1986 (4.1
(Percentage)
per cent). Before the crisis, its export 25
surplus amounted to 2.1 per cent of its 20
GDP. The US deficit reached 3.6 per 15
cent in 1987, and then fell to 1.4 per 10
cent in 1991. It grew to its peak of 5
6.8 per cent in 2006 and has declined 0
since then. -5
-10
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009
Economic downturns, such as in the
Brazil India
early 1990s or the latest crisis, tend Russian Federation China
to redress these trade imbalances.
In 2008, Japan’s trade surplus repre-
sented 0.4 per cent of GDP, but turned into a trade deficit during the first quarter of 2009 (-0.02 per cent of GDP).
Germany’s export surplus fell to 7 per cent of GDP and the United States deficit to 6.2 per cent in 2008, further shrink-
ing to 3.4 per cent in the first quarter of 2009.
For the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russian Federation, India and China), trade balances as a percentage of GDP were
more volatile. This was especially the case where primary commodities, such as copper or grain, and products based on
oil or other natural resources comprise a high share of total exports. For example, Russian Federation’s trade surplus
was strongly affected by crude oil prices while Brazil’s trade balance has moved between deficit and surplus several
times since the 1980s. Throughout this period, India has faced a structural deficit in merchandise trade, that has grown
especially from 2000 onwards. China’s trade balance turned into a surplus in the mid-1990s, reaching 7.8 per cent
of GDP in 2007. Although its trade surplus fell to 6.7 per cent during 2008, and to 4.7 per cent in the first quarter of
2009, the latest monthly figures indicate that China is benefiting noticeably from the initial recovery of world trade.
The crisis and least-developed countries (LDCs)
How has the crisis affected trade in LDCs?
Total exports of goods and commercial services (on Balance-of-Payments terms) from LDCs grew at a high average
rate of more than 20 per cent over the 2000-2008 period, thanks to a succession of double-digit annual growth rates
since 2003. As a result, the LDCs out-performed the global trends in world trade (12 per cent growth), even though
their share in total trade of goods and services remained under one percentage point (0.9 per cent).
4
Table I.1
Trends in LDC exports of goods and services, 2000-2008
Values (billion dollars) Annual rate of growth (percentage)

2000 2008e 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008e 2000-2008e
Total goods and commercial
42.1 176.3 3.9 7.6 15.2 29.7 30.7 23.7 22.8 26.4 19.6
services I
Total goods 35.9 159.4 4.2 7.7 16.3 31.0 33.6 24.6 22.5 27.3 20.5
Commercial services 6.1 16.9 2.5 6.9 8.4 21.7 10.1 16.3 25.9 18.7 13.6
Other goods 20.4 46.0 6.8 4.1 10.4 14.3 13.4 12.2 14.3 10.7 10.7
Fuels and mining 15.6 113.4 0.7 12.8 23.8 50.0 51.2 32.6 27.0 35.6 28.2
Notes: WTO estimates based on Balance of Payments data. e = preliminary estimates.
The sustained increase in export values was principally the result of the surge in commodity prices, particularly for
fuels and other minerals, in international markets. Exports of fuels and mining benefited from this international trend,
growing at an annual average of 28 per cent since the beginning of the decade. Average annual growth in other goods
was less impressive (11 per cent since 2000), despite good results in 2008 that were due to a strong increase in
exports of food products. Despite year-to-year fluctuations, LDC exports of commercial services have enjoyed double-
digit growth since 2004, averaging an annual 14 per cent over this period.
The recent crisis lowered commodity prices and demand for tourism services, which affected the LDCs during a
particularly strong phase of export growth. The recovery of fuel and mineral prices after the first quarter of 2009 has
benefited commodity exporters, but the effect of the crisis on other LDCs translated into larger external deficits, com-
pounded by their dependence on external financing.
Trade in commercial services
Are exports of commercial services more resilient in times of crisis?
Overall, world exports of commercial services grew by 12 per cent in 2008, compared with 19 per cent in 2007. An
analysis of quarterly export data of leading exporting economies (representing 82 per cent of world exports of com-
mercial services) shows that in the first two quarters of 2008, world exports of commercial services increased by 20
per cent on average on a year-on-year basis. In the third quarter of 2008, export growth decelerated, and dropped by
6 per cent in the last quarter of the year. Preliminary figures for the first quarter of 2009 suggest a more pronounced
decline, by 19 per cent.
Data from leading exporters of com-

mercial services show that in 2008, World exports of commercial services
export growth slowed down signifi- Chart I.8 Q1 2008 - Q1 2009
cantly in several economies. In both the (Percentage change, yoy)
European Union and the United States, 25.0
20.0
which last year together accounted for 15.0
60 per cent of world exports of com- 10.0
5.0
mercial services, exports increased 0.0
-5.0
respectively by 10 and 11 per cent, -10.0
considerably less than in 2007. Exports -15.0
-20.0
from the BRIC countries continue to -25.0
grow overall at a steady rate, much Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009
higher than the world’s average. How-

ever, their individual export performance varies. Despite the ongoing economic recession, in 2008 Russia’s exports of
commercial services increased by 30 per cent, more than in 2007. Similarly, exports from Brazil recorded a 27 per cent
increase in 2008, in the same range as in the previous year.
For India and China, however, export growth slowed down significantly compared with 2007. China’s exports, which
reached US$ 146.4 billion in 2008, rose by 20 per cent, down from 33 per cent in 2007. However, the economy has
5
become the third largest exporter of commercial services in the world. Exports from India grew by 17 percentage points
in 2008, compared with 23 per cent in 2007.
The crisis principally affected services closely linked to trade in goods, such as transportation, while business services
remained relatively untouched. Although some sectors have proved more resilient than merchandise trade during the
initial phase of the crisis, trade in business services and travel might be particularly vulnerable to the secondary effects
I of the global crisis if private investment and household consumption levels continue to be sluggish.
Foreign affiliates and services trade
How has services trade changed over the past decade?
The globalization of business and the firms’ increas-

Intra-firm trade in US total private services
ing ownership of different stages of the production Chart I.9 exports, 1997-2007
process have increased the role of intermediate goods
(Billion dollars)
in merchandise trade over the last decade. A simi-
500
lar fragmentation of production has been emerging in 450
the field of services. The United States has recorded 400
350
an increasing share of trade between multi-nationals
300
and their majority-owned foreign affiliates, growing Value 250
from 21.5 per cent to more than a quarter of its total 200
150
trade (27.5 per cent) in 2007 (covering only non- 100
bank affiliates, and excluding transportation services 50
0
and travel). 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Total exports Intra-firm exports
6
1. Overview
Table I.1
Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production, 2000-2008

I
2000-08 2006 2007 2008
World merchandise exports 5.0 8.5 6.0 1.5

Agricultural products 4.0 6.0 5.0 2.5
Fuels and mining products 3.0 4.0 3.5 0.5
Manufactures 6.0 10.5 7.5 2.0
World merchandise production 2.5 4.0 1.5 -0.5
Agriculture 2.5 1.5 2.5 3.0
Mining 1.5 1.0 0.0 1.0
Manufacturing 2.5 5.5 1.5 -1.5
World GDP 3.0 3.5 3.5 1.5
Note : See the Metadata for the estimation of world aggregates of merchandise exports, production and GDP.
Table I.2
Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade by selected region and economy, 2000-2008
Exports Imports
2000-08 2007 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
5.0 6.0 1.5 World 5.0 6.0 1.5

2.5 5.0 1.5 North America 3.0 2.0 -2.5
0.0 2.0 -6.0 Canada 3.5 5.0 0.5
2.0 1.5 -5.0 Mexico 3.0 4.0 0.5
3.5 6.5 6.0 United States 3.0 1.0 -3.5
5.5 3.5 0.5 South and Central America 8.5 17.5 13.5
3.5 4.0 0.0 Europe 3.0 4.0 -1.5
3.5 3.5 -0.5 European Union (27) 3.0 3.5 -1.5
1.0 1.5 0.0 Norway 5.0 9.5 2.0
3.5 7.0 1.5 Switzerland 2.0 5.0 2.5
7.5 7.5 2.5 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 17.0 20.0 16.5
10.0 11.5 5.5 Asia 8.0 8.0 4.5
2.5 2.5 5.5 Australia 9.0 11.0 10.0
20.5 19.5 8.5 China 16.0 14.0 4.0
-4.0 -20.5 -11.0 Hong Kong, China 3.0 7.0 -2.0
12.5 13.0 7.5 India 13.5 16.0 14.0
6.0 9.5 2.0 Japan 2.5 1.5 -2.0
8.0 8.5 4.5 Six East Asian traders a 5.5 5.0 4.0
a Hong Kong, China; Malaysia; Republic of Korea; Singapore; Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Taipei, Chinese) and Thailand.
7
2. Trade by region
Table I.3
World merchandise trade and trade in commercial services by region and selected economy, 2008
I (Annual percentage change)
Exports Imports
2000-08 2007 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Merchandise
12 16 15 World 12 15 15
7 11 11 North America 7 6 8
6 12 12 United States 7 5 7
6 8 9 Canada 7 9 7
15 14 21 South and Central America 14 25 30
17 17 23 Brazil 15 32 44
17 15 -2 Chile 16 23 31
12 16 11 Europe 12 16 12
12 16 10 European Union (27) 12 16 12
12 16 16 Switzerland 10 14 14
22 21 35 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 25 35 32
21 17 33 Russian Federation 26 36 31
21 28 36 Ukraine 25 35 41
18 18 28 Africa 17 24 26
13 20 16 South Africa 16 12 12
18 12 23 Nigeria a 22 35 41
18 16 33 Middle East 17 24 25
19 11 33 Saudi Arabia a 18 29 28
21 24 28 United Arab Emirates a 21 32 25
13 16 14 Asia 14 15 20
24 26 17 China 22 21 18
6 10 9 Japan 9 7 23
Commercial services
12 20 12 World 12 19 12
8 14 9 North America 8 9 7
8 16 10 United States 7 9 8
6 8 2 Canada 9 14 6
11 18 15 South and Central America 10 21 20
16 26 27 Brazil 14 28 28
12 30 16 Argentina 4 28 19
13 21 11 Europe 12 19 10
13 21 11 European Union (27) 12 19 10
12 20 16 Switzerland 12 18 10
22 27 28 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 22 30 25
23 27 30 Russian Federation 21 32 29
21 26 27 Ukraine 25 29 37
... 23 13 Africa ... 30 15
12 24 26 Egypt 11 27 25
... 13 -8 South Africa ... 16 2
14 14 19 Middle East 17 30 19
6 10 13 Israel 7 20 11
8 8 ... Saudi Arabia 15 59 ...
14 21 14 Asia 12 18 14
10 10 15 Japan 6 11 13
22 33 20 China 20 29 22
a Secretariat estimates.
8
Table I.4
Intra- and inter-regional merchandise trade, 2008
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Destination
South and I
North Central
Origin America America Europe CIS Africa Middle East Asia World
Value
World 2708 583 6736 517 458 618 3903 15717
North America 1014.5 164.9 369.1 16.0 33.6 60.2 375.5 2035.7
South and Central America 169.2 158.6 121.3 9.0 16.8 11.9 100.6 599.7
Europe 475.4 96.4 4695.0 240.0 185.5 188.6 486.5 6446.6
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 36.1 10.1 405.6 134.7 10.5 25.0 76.8 702.8
Africa 121.6 18.5 218.1 1.5 53.4 14.0 113.9 557.8
Middle East 116.5 6.9 125.5 7.2 36.6 122.1 568.9 1021.2
Asia 775.0 127.3 801.0 108.4 121.3 196.4 2181.4 4353.0
Share of regional trade flows in each region's total merchandise exports
World 17.2 3.7 42.9 3.3 2.9 3.9 24.8 100.0
North America 49.8 8.1 18.1 0.8 1.7 3.0 18.4 100.0
Europe 7.4 1.5 72.8 3.7 2.9 2.9 7.5 100.0
Africa 21.8 3.3 39.1 0.3 9.6 2.5 20.4 100.0
Middle East 11.4 0.7 12.3 0.7 3.6 12.0 55.7 100.0
Asia 17.8 2.9 18.4 2.5 2.8 4.5 50.1 100.0
Share of regional trade flows in world merchandise exports
World 17.2 3.7 42.9 3.3 2.9 3.9 24.8 100.0
North America 6.5 1.0 2.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 2.4 13.0
Europe 3.0 0.6 29.9 1.5 1.2 1.2 3.1 41.0
Africa 0.8 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.7 3.5
Middle East 0.7 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.8 3.6 6.5
Asia 4.9 0.8 5.1 0.7 0.8 1.2 13.9 27.7
Table I.5
Shares of regional trade flows in world merchandise exports, 2008
(Percentage)
South and
North Central
Destination World America America Europe CIS Africa Middle East Asia
Origin
Share
World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
North America 13.0 37.5 28.3 5.5 3.1 7.3 9.7 9.6
Europe 41.0 17.6 16.6 69.7 46.4 40.5 30.5 12.5
CIS 4.5 1.3 1.7 6.0 26.1 2.3 4.0 2.0
Africa 3.5 4.5 3.2 3.2 0.3 11.7 2.3 2.9
Middle East 6.5 4.3 1.2 1.9 1.4 8.0 19.8 14.6
Asia 27.7 28.6 21.9 11.9 21.0 26.5 31.8 55.9
9
Table I.6
World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2008
1948 1953 1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2008

I Value
World 59 84 157 579 1838 3676 7377 15717
Share
World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
North America 28.1 24.8 19.9 17.3 16.8 18.0 15.8 13.0
United States 21.7 18.8 14.9 12.3 11.2 12.6 9.8 8.2
Canada 5.5 5.2 4.3 4.6 4.2 4.0 3.7 2.9
Mexico 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.4 1.4 1.4 2.2 1.9
Brazil 2.0 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.3
Argentina 2.8 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Europe 35.1 39.4 47.8 50.9 43.5 45.4 45.9 41.0
Germany a 1.4 5.3 9.3 11.6 9.2 10.3 10.2 9.3
France 3.4 4.8 5.2 6.3 5.2 6.0 5.3 3.9
Italy 11.3 9.0 7.8 5.1 4.0 4.6 4.1 3.4
United Kingdom 1.8 1.8 3.2 3.8 5.0 4.9 4.1 2.9
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) b - - - - - - 2.6 4.5
Africa 7.3 6.5 5.7 4.8 4.5 2.5 2.4 3.5
South Africa c 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.5
Middle East 2.0 2.7 3.2 4.1 6.8 3.5 4.1 6.5
Asia 14.0 13.4 12.5 14.9 19.1 26.1 26.2 27.7
China 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.2 2.5 5.9 9.1
Japan 0.4 1.5 3.5 6.4 8.0 9.9 6.4 5.0
India 2.2 1.3 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.1
Australia and New Zealand 3.7 3.2 2.4 2.1 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4
Six East Asian traders 3.4 3.0 2.4 3.4 5.8 9.7 9.6 9.0
Memorandum item:
EU d - - 27.5 38.6 31.3 37.4 42.4 37.5
USSR, former 2.2 3.5 4.6 3.7 5.0 - - -
GATT/WTO Members e 62.8 69.6 75.0 84.1 77.0 89.4 94.3 93.4
a Figures refer to the Fed. Rep. of Germany from 1948 through 1983.
b Figures are significantly affected by i) changes in the country composition of the region and major adjustment in trade conversion factors between 1983 and 1993; and ii) including the mutual trade flows of the
Baltic States and the CIS between 1993 and 2003.
c Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the Southern African Customs Union.
d Figures refer to the EEC(6) in 1963, EC(9) in 1973, EC(10) in 1983, EU(12) in 1993, EU(25) in 2003 and EU(27) in 2008.
e Membership as of the year stated.
Note: Between 1973 and 1983 and between 1993 and 2003 export shares were significantly influenced by oil price developments.
10
Table I.7
World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2008
1948 1953 1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2008

I
Value
World 62 85 164 595 1882 3787 7692 16127
Share
World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
North America 18.5 20.5 16.1 17.2 18.5 21.4 22.5 18.1
United States 13.0 13.9 11.4 12.3 14.3 15.9 16.9 13.5
Canada 4.4 5.5 3.9 4.2 3.4 3.7 3.2 2.6
Mexico 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.7 1.8 2.3 2.0
Brazil 1.8 1.6 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.1
Argentina 2.5 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4
Europe 45.3 43.7 52.0 53.3 44.2 44.6 45.0 42.3
Germany a 2.2 4.5 8.0 9.2 8.1 9.0 7.9 7.5
France 13.4 11.0 8.5 6.5 5.6 5.7 5.2 4.4
United Kingdom 5.5 4.9 5.3 6.3 5.3 5.5 5.2 3.9
Italy 2.5 2.8 4.6 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.4
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) b - - - - - - 1.7 3.1
Africa 8.1 7.0 5.2 3.9 4.6 2.6 2.1 2.9
South Africa c 2.5 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.6
Middle East 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.7 6.2 3.3 2.7 3.6
Asia 13.9 15.1 14.1 14.9 18.5 23.6 23.5 26.4
China 0.6 1.6 0.9 0.9 1.1 2.7 5.4 7.0
Japan 1.1 2.8 4.1 6.5 6.7 6.4 5.0 4.7
India 2.3 1.4 1.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.8
Australia and New Zealand 2.9 2.3 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5
Six East Asian traders 3.5 3.7 3.1 3.7 6.1 10.3 8.6 8.9
Memorandum item:
EU d - - 29.0 39.2 31.4 36.1 41.8 38.8
USSR, former 1.9 3.3 4.3 3.5 4.3 - - -
GATT/WTO Members e 52.9 66.0 74.2 89.1 79.8 89.5 96.1 95.8
a Figures refer to the Fed. Rep. of Germany from 1948 through 1983.
b Figures are significantly affected by i) changes in the country composition of the region and major adjustment in trade conversion factors between 1983 and 1993; and ii) including the mutual trade flows of the
Baltic States and the CIS between 1993 and 2003.
d Figures refer to the EEC(6) in 1963, EC(9) in 1973, EC(10) in 1983, EU(12) in 1993, EU(25) in 2003 and EU(27) in 2008.
e Membership as of the year stated.
Note: Between 1973 and 1983 and between 1993 and 2003 export shares were significantly influenced by oil price developments.
11
3. Leading traders
Table I.8
Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 2008
I (Billion dollars and percentage)
Annual Annual
percentage percentage
Rank Exporters Value Share change Rank Importers Value Share change
1 Germany 1461.9 9.1 11 1 United States 2169.5 13.2 7
2 China 1428.3 8.9 17 2 Germany 1203.8 7.3 14
3 United States 1287.4 8.0 12 3 China 1132.5 6.9 18
4 Japan 782.0 4.9 9 4 Japan 762.6 4.6 23
5 Netherlands 633.0 3.9 15 5 France 705.6 4.3 14
6 France 605.4 3.8 10 6 United Kingdom 632.0 3.8 1
7 Italy 538.0 3.3 8 7 Netherlands 573.2 3.5 16
8 Belgium 475.6 3.0 10 8 Italy 554.9 3.4 8
9 Russian Federation 471.6 2.9 33 9 Belgium 469.5 2.9 14
10 United Kingdom 458.6 2.9 4 10 Korea, Republic of 435.3 2.7 22
11 Canada 456.5 2.8 9 11 Canada 418.3 2.5 7
12 Korea, Republic of 422.0 2.6 14 12 Spain 401.4 2.4 3
13 Hong Kong, China 370.2 2.3 6 13 Hong Kong, China 393.0 2.4 6
domestic exports 17.0 0.1 -6 retained imports 97.6 0.6 4
re-exports 353.3 2.2 7
14 Singapore 338.2 2.1 13 14 Mexico a 323.2 2.0 9
domestic exports 175.7 1.1 13
re-exports 162.5 1.0 13
15 Saudi Arabia 313.4 2.0 33 15 Singapore 319.78 1.947 22
retained imports 157.306 0.958 31
16 Mexico 291.7 1.8 7 16 India 293.4 1.8 35
17 Spain 268.3 1.7 6 17 Russian Federation a 291.9 1.8 31
18 Taipei, Chinese 255.6 1.6 4 18 Taipei, Chinese 240.4 1.5 10
19 United Arab Emirates b 231.6 1.4 28 19 Poland 204.3 1.2 23
20 Switzerland 200.3 1.2 16 20 Turkey 202.0 1.2 19
21 Malaysia 199.5 1.2 13 21 Australia 200.3 1.2 21
22 Brazil 197.9 1.2 23 22 Austria 183.4 1.1 13
23 Australia 187.3 1.2 32 23 Switzerland 183.2 1.1 14
24 Sweden 183.4 1.1 9 24 Brazil 182.4 1.1 44
25 Austria 181.0 1.1 11 25 Thailand 178.7 1.1 28
26 Thailand 177.8 1.1 17 26 Sweden 167.2 1.0 10
27 India 177.5 1.1 21 27 United Arab Emirates b 165.6 1.0 25
28 Norway 172.5 1.1 27 28 Malaysia 156.9 1.0 7
29 Poland 168.0 1.0 20 29 Czech Republic a 141.5 0.9 20
30 Czech Republic 146.3 0.9 19 30 Indonesia 126.2 0.8 36
31 Indonesia 139.3 0.9 18 31 Saudi Arabia 115.1 0.7 28
32 Turkey 132.0 0.8 23 32 Denmark 110.8 0.7 12
33 Ireland 124.1 0.8 2 33 Hungary 107.9 0.7 13
34 Denmark 116.8 0.7 14 34 South Africa b 99.5 0.6 12
35 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 113.4 0.7 28 35 Finland 91.8 0.6 12
36 Hungary 107.7 0.7 13 36 Portugal 90.0 0.5 15
37 Finland 96.5 0.6 7 37 Norway 89.3 0.5 11
38 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 93.5 0.6 35 38 Ukraine 85.5 0.5 41
39 Kuwait 87.1 0.5 39 39 Ireland 83.2 0.5 -1
40 South Africa 80.8 0.5 16 40 Romania 82.7 0.5 18
41 Nigeria 80.8 0.5 23 41 Viet Nam 80.4 0.5 28
42 Algeria 79.3 0.5 32 42 Greece 79.0 0.5 4
43 Kazakhstan 71.2 0.4 49 43 Slovak Republic a 73.4 0.4 22
44 Slovak Republic 71.0 0.4 22 44 Israel 67.7 0.4 15
45 Argentina 70.0 0.4 26 45 Chile 61.9 0.4 31
46 Angola b 67.1 0.4 51 46 Philippines 60.3 0.4 4
47 Ukraine 67.0 0.4 36 47 Argentina 57.4 0.4 28
48 Chile 66.5 0.4 -2 48 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 57.4 0.4 28
49 Qatar b 63.8 0.4 52 49 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela a, b 49.6 0.3 8
50 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya b 63.1 0.4 34 50 Egypt 47.5 0.3 28
Total of above c 14871.8 92.5 - Total of above c 15002.2 91.4 -
World c 16070.0 100.0 15 World c 16422.0 100.0 15
a Imports are valued f.o.b.

b Secretariat estimates.
c Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export.
Note: For annual data 1998-2008, see Appendix Tables A6 and A7.
12
Table I.9
Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade (excluding intra-EU (27) trade), 2008
Annual Annual
Rank Exporters Value Share change Rank Importers Value Share change I
1 Extra-EU (27) exports 1924.9 15.9 13 1 Extra-EU (27) imports 2282.2 18.3 16
2 China 1428.3 11.8 17 2 United States 2169.5 17.4 7
3 United States 1287.4 10.6 12 3 China 1132.5 9.1 18
4 Japan 782.0 6.5 9 4 Japan 762.6 6.1 23
5 Russian Federation 471.6 3.9 33 5 Korea, Republic of 435.3 3.5 22
6 Canada 456.5 3.8 9 6 Canada 418.3 3.4 7
7 Korea, Republic of 422.0 3.5 14 7 Hong Kong, China 393.0 3.2 6
retained imports 97.6 0.8 4
8 Hong Kong, China 370.2 3.1 6 8 Mexico a 323.2 2.6 9
domestic exports 17.0 0.1 -6
re-exports 353.3 2.9 7
9 Singapore 338.2 2.8 13 9 Singapore 319.8 2.6 22
domestic exports 175.7 1.5 13 retained imports 157.3 1.3 31
re-exports 162.5 1.3 13
10 Saudi Arabia 313.4 2.6 33 10 India 293.4 2.4 35
11 Mexico 291.7 2.4 7 11 Russian Federation a 291.9 2.3 31
12 Taipei, Chinese 255.6 2.1 4 12 Taipei, Chinese 240.4 1.9 10
13 United Arab Emirates b 231.6 1.9 28 13 Turkey 202.0 1.6 19
14 Switzerland 200.3 1.7 16 14 Australia 200.3 1.6 21
15 Malaysia 199.5 1.6 13 15 Switzerland 183.2 1.5 14
16 Brazil 197.9 1.6 23 16 Brazil 182.4 1.5 44
17 Australia 187.3 1.5 32 17 Thailand 178.7 1.4 28
18 Thailand 177.8 1.5 17 18 United Arab Emirates b 165.6 1.3 25
19 India 177.5 1.5 21 19 Malaysia 156.9 1.3 7
20 Norway 172.5 1.4 27 20 Indonesia 126.2 1.0 36
21 Indonesia 139.3 1.2 18 21 Saudi Arabia 115.1 0.9 28
22 Turkey 132.0 1.1 23 22 South Africa b 99.5 0.8 12
23 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 113.4 0.9 28 23 Norway 89.3 0.7 11
24 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 93.5 0.8 35 24 Ukraine 85.5 0.7 41
25 Kuwait 87.1 0.7 39 25 Viet Nam 80.4 0.6 28
26 South Africa 80.8 0.7 16 26 Israel 67.7 0.5 15
27 Nigeria 80.8 0.7 23 27 Chile 61.9 0.5 31
28 Algeria 79.3 0.7 32 28 Philippines 60.3 0.5 4
29 Kazakhstan 71.2 0.6 49 29 Argentina 57.4 0.5 28
30 Argentina 70.0 0.6 26 30 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 57.4 0.5 28
31 Angola b 67.1 0.6 51 31 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela a, b 49.6 0.4 8
32 Ukraine 67.0 0.6 36 32 Egypt 47.5 0.4 28
33 Chile 66.5 0.5 -2 33 Pakistan 42.3 0.3 30
34 Qatar b 63.8 0.5 52 34 Morocco 41.8 0.3 30
35 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya b 63.1 0.5 34 35 Nigeria b 41.7 0.3 41
36 Viet Nam 62.9 0.5 30 36 Colombia 39.7 0.3 21
37 Israel 60.8 0.5 12 37 Belarus 39.5 0.3 38
38 Iraq b 59.7 0.5 51 38 Algeria 39.5 0.3 43
39 Philippines 49.0 0.4 -3 39 Kazakhstan 37.9 0.3 16
40 Oman 37.7 0.3 53 40 New Zealand 34.4 0.3 11
41 Colombia 37.6 0.3 25 41 Iraq b 31.2 0.3 45
42 Belarus 32.9 0.3 36 42 Croatia 30.7 0.2 19
43 Peru 31.5 0.3 13 43 Peru 30.0 0.2 46
44 Azerbaijan 30.6 0.3 44 44 Qatar b 26.9 0.2 22
45 New Zealand 30.6 0.3 14 45 Kuwait 24.9 0.2 22
46 Egypt 24.0 0.2 25 46 Tunisia 24.6 0.2 29
47 Pakistan 20.3 0.2 14 47 Bangladesh 23.8 0.2 28
48 Morocco 20.1 0.2 31 48 Serbia 23.0 0.2 24
49 Tunisia 19.3 0.2 27 49 Oman b 23.0 0.2 43
50 Ecuador 18.5 0.2 29 50 Angola a, b 21.1 0.2 54
Total of above c 11697.0 96.7 - Total of above c 11904.8 95.6 -
World (excl. intra-EU (27)) c 12096.0 100.0 17 World (excl. intra-EU (27)) c 12449.0 100.0 17

b Secretariat estimates.
c Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export.
Note: For annual data 1998-2008, see Appendix Tables A6 and A7.
13
Table I.10
Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services, 2008
Annual Annual
I Rank Exporters Value Share change Rank Importers Value Share change
1 United States 521.4 13.8 10 1 United States 367.9 10.5 8
2 United Kingdom 283.0 7.5 1 2 Germany 283.0 8.1 11
3 Germany 241.6 6.4 11 3 United Kingdom 196.2 5.6 0
4 France 160.5 4.2 11 4 Japan 167.4 4.8 13
5 China 146.4 3.9 20 5 China 158.0 4.5 22
6 Japan 146.4 3.9 15 6 France 139.4 4.0 8
7 Spain 142.6 3.8 12 7 Italy 131.7 3.8 11
8 Italy 121.9 3.2 10 8 Ireland 106.2 3.0 12
9 India 102.6 2.7 17 9 Spain 104.3 3.0 9
10 Netherlands 101.6 2.7 8 10 Korea, Republic of 91.8 2.6 12
11 Ireland 99.2 2.6 12 11 Netherlands 90.8 2.6 8
12 Hong Kong, China 92.3 2.4 9 12 Canada 86.6 2.5 6
13 Belgium 86.1 2.3 16 13 India 83.6 2.4 18
14 Singapore 82.9 2.2 3 14 Belgium 81.9 2.3 17
15 Switzerland 75.2 2.0 16 15 Singapore 78.9 2.3 6
16 Korea, Republic of 74.1 2.0 20 16 Russian Federation 74.6 2.1 29
17 Denmark 72.0 1.9 17 17 Denmark 62.3 1.8 16
18 Sweden 71.6 1.9 13 18 Sweden 54.3 1.6 13
19 Luxembourg 68.9 1.8 5 19 Thailand 46.3 1.3 21
20 Canada 64.8 1.7 2 20 Hong Kong, China 45.8 1.3 8
21 Austria 61.7 1.6 12 21 Australia 45.5 1.3 18
22 Russian Federation 50.7 1.3 30 22 Brazil 44.4 1.3 28
23 Greece 50.4 1.3 17 23 Norway 43.9 1.3 13
24 Australia 45.6 1.2 15 24 United Arab Emirates 42.8 1.2 28
25 Norway 45.6 1.2 13 25 Austria 42.6 1.2 9
26 Poland 35.3 0.9 23 26 Luxembourg 40.7 1.2 7
27 Turkey 34.5 0.9 22 27 Switzerland 36.6 1.0 10
28 Taipei, Chinese 33.6 0.9 8 28 Saudi Arabia a 34.6 1.0 ...
29 Thailand 33.4 0.9 11 29 Taipei, Chinese 33.6 1.0 -2
30 Malaysia 29.3 0.8 4 30 Poland 29.9 0.9 26
31 Brazil 28.8 0.8 27 31 Malaysia 29.1 0.8 5
32 Portugal 26.1 0.7 13 32 Indonesia a 27.9 0.8 ...
33 Egypt 24.7 0.7 26 33 Mexico 24.7 0.7 6
34 Finland 24.2 0.6 5 34 Greece 24.4 0.7 23
35 Israel 23.8 0.6 13 35 Finland 23.1 0.7 5
36 Czech Republic 22.2 0.6 29 36 Israel 19.6 0.6 11
37 Hungary 20.0 0.5 18 37 Hungary 18.5 0.5 20
38 Lebanon 18.9 0.5 46 38 Czech Republic 17.3 0.5 21
39 Mexico 18.5 0.5 5 39 South Africa 16.5 0.5 2
40 Macao, China 18.1 0.5 25 40 Portugal 16.5 0.5 17
Total of above 3400.0 90.0 - Total of above 3065.0 87.8 -
World 3780.0 100.0 12 World 3490.0 100.0 12
a Secretariat estimate.
Note : Figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat. Annual percentage changes and rankings are affected by continuity breaks in the series for a large number of
economies, and by limitations in cross-country comparability. See the Metadata. For annual data 1998-2008, see Appendix Tables A8 and A9.
14
Table I.11
Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services (excluding intra-EU (27) trade), 2008
Annual Annual
Rank Exporters Value Share change Rank Importers Value Share change I
1 Extra-EU (27) exports 743.2 26.9 11 1 Extra-EU (27) imports 620.7 23.9 13
2 United States 521.4 18.8 10 2 United States 367.9 14.2 8
3 China 146.4 5.3 20 3 Japan 167.4 6.4 13
4 Japan 146.4 5.3 15 4 China 158.0 6.1 22
5 India 102.6 3.7 17 5 Korea, Republic of 91.8 3.5 12
6 Hong Kong, China 92.3 3.3 9 6 Canada 86.6 3.3 6
7 Singapore 82.9 3.0 3 7 India 83.6 3.2 18
8 Switzerland 75.2 2.7 16 8 Singapore 78.9 3.0 6
9 Korea, Republic of 74.1 2.7 20 9 Russian Federation 74.6 2.9 29
10 Canada 64.8 2.3 2 10 Thailand 46.3 1.8 21
11 Russian Federation 50.7 1.8 30 11 Hong Kong, China 45.8 1.8 8
12 Australia 45.6 1.6 15 12 Australia 45.5 1.8 18
13 Norway 45.6 1.6 13 13 Brazil 44.4 1.7 28
14 Turkey 34.5 1.2 22 14 Norway 43.9 1.7 13
15 Taipei, Chinese 33.6 1.2 8 15 United Arab Emirates 42.8 1.6 28
16 Thailand 33.4 1.2 11 16 Switzerland 36.6 1.4 10
17 Malaysia 29.3 1.1 4 17 Saudi Arabia a 34.6 1.3 ...
18 Brazil 28.8 1.0 27 18 Taipei, Chinese 33.6 1.3 -2
19 Egypt 24.7 0.9 26 19 Malaysia 29.1 1.1 5
20 Israel 23.8 0.9 13 20 Indonesia a 27.9 1.1 ...
21 Lebanon 18.9 0.7 46 21 Mexico 24.7 1.0 6
22 Mexico 18.5 0.7 5 22 Israel 19.6 0.8 11
23 Macao, China 18.1 0.7 25 23 South Africa 16.5 0.6 2
24 Ukraine 17.3 0.6 27 24 Egypt 16.3 0.6 25
25 Croatia 15.2 0.5 21 25 Turkey 16.2 0.6 15
26 Indonesia a 14.7 0.5 ... 26 Nigeria a 15.7 0.6 ...
27 Morocco 12.4 0.4 8 27 Ukraine 15.1 0.6 37
28 South Africa 12.2 0.4 -8 28 Lebanon 13.4 0.5 34
29 Argentina 11.9 0.4 16 29 Angola a 13.0 0.5 ...
30 Chile 10.6 0.4 20 30 Argentina 12.6 0.5 19
31 Kuwait 10.3 0.4 13 31 Kuwait 12.1 0.5 16
32 Philippines 10.2 0.4 4 32 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 12.0 0.5 13
33 Cuba 9.1 0.3 6 33 Chile 11.1 0.4 15
34 United Arab Emirates 9.0 0.3 21 34 Kazakhstan 10.8 0.4 -5
35 New Zealand 8.8 0.3 -3 35 New Zealand 9.5 0.4 6
36 Saudi Arabia a 8.8 0.3 ... 36 Pakistan 9.0 0.3 7
37 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 6.8 0.2 10 37 Viet Nam 8.6 0.3 24
38 Nigeria a 6.6 0.2 ... 38 Philippines 8.5 0.3 16
39 Viet Nam 6.3 0.2 4 39 Qatar a 7.9 0.3 ...
40 Panama 5.8 0.2 19 40 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 7.8 0.3 8
Total of above 2630.0 95.1 - Total of above 2420.0 93.2 -
World (excl. intra-EU (27)) 2765.0 100.0 13 World (excl. intra-EU (27)) 2595.0 100.0 13
Note: Figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat . Annual percentage changes and rankings are affected by continuity breaks in the series for a large number of
economies, and by limitations in cross-country comparability. See the Metadata. For annual data 1998-2008, see Appendix Tables A8 and A9.
15
4. Bilateral trade of leading traders
Table I.12
Merchandise trade of Canada by origin and destination, 2008
I (Billion dollars and percentage)
Exports Imports a
Annual Annual
Destination Value Share change Origin Value Share change
2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008
Region Region
World 456.5 100.0 100.0 8 9 World 418.3 100.0 100.0 9 7
North America 360.6 87.7 79.0 5 7 North America 239.9 67.7 57.4 8 4
Europe 39.8 5.1 8.7 31 4 Asia 80.9 14.5 19.3 12 7
Asia 37.5 5.3 8.2 13 19 Europe 61.7 12.4 14.8 7 12
South and Central America 8.1 1.0 1.8 23 31 South and Central America 13.2 1.8 3.2 11 1
Middle East 4.4 0.4 1.0 32 41 Africa 12.9 0.8 3.1 14 49
Africa 4.0 0.4 0.9 39 29 Middle East 6.1 0.7 1.5 3 40
CIS 2.0 0.1 0.4 37 38 CIS 3.6 0.2 0.9 -1 85
Economy Economy
United States 353.3 87.3 77.4 5 6 United States 219.1 64.4 52.4 7 4
European Union (27) 34.0 4.7 7.5 26 5 European Union (27) 52.2 10.6 12.5 7 10
Japan 10.5 2.2 2.3 4 22 China 41.2 3.2 9.8 18 12
China 9.8 0.9 2.1 29 10 Mexico 17.3 3.4 4.1 14 5
Mexico 5.5 0.5 1.2 20 19 Japan 14.8 4.7 3.5 7 0
Above 5 413.1 95.6 90.5 - - Above 5 344.4 86.2 82.3 - -
Korea, Republic of 3.6 0.5 0.8 -3 29 Algeria 7.3 0.3 1.7 8 53
Norway 2.7 0.2 0.6 106 -23 Norway 5.9 1.2 1.4 4 17
Brazil 2.4 0.3 0.5 21 73 Korea, Republic of 5.7 1.4 1.4 -1 13
India 2.3 0.1 0.5 13 36 Taipei, Chinese 3.7 1.4 0.9 6 3
Australia 2.0 0.3 0.4 0 24 Canada 3.5 ... 0.8 17 1
Hong Kong, China 1.7 0.3 0.4 2 16 Malaysia 2.8 0.7 0.7 5 1
Taipei, Chinese 1.5 0.3 0.3 17 2 Switzerland 2.6 0.4 0.6 13 24
Russian Federation 1.4 0.0 0.3 39 32 Angola 2.6 0.0 0.6 109 133
Indonesia 1.4 0.2 0.3 31 48 Brazil 2.6 0.4 0.6 4 -19
United Arab Emirates 1.3 0.1 0.3 51 29 Thailand 2.3 0.5 0.6 8 9
Switzerland 1.2 0.1 0.3 44 -11 Peru 2.3 0.1 0.6 8 16
Turkey 1.2 0.1 0.3 30 86 Saudi Arabia 2.2 0.3 0.5 15 26
Saudi Arabia 1.0 0.1 0.2 33 50 Iraq 2.1 0.2 0.5 -4 50
South Africa 0.9 0.1 0.2 27 19 India 2.1 0.3 0.5 9 12
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 0.8 0.2 0.2 3 18 Russian Federation 2.0 0.2 0.5 -10 40
Algeria 0.8 0.1 0.2 110 76 Chile 1.7 0.2 0.4 -4 7
Malaysia 0.8 0.1 0.2 20 43 Australia 1.6 0.4 0.4 18 -7
Singapore 0.8 0.1 0.2 31 -9 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 1.3 0.4 0.3 30 -8
Cuba 0.7 0.1 0.2 16 38 Singapore 1.2 0.4 0.3 60 -16
Chile 0.7 0.1 0.1 69 -4 Israel 1.1 0.2 0.3 17 28
Thailand 0.7 0.1 0.1 16 22 Azerbaijan 1.1 0.0 0.3 369 439
Colombia 0.7 0.1 0.1 37 8 Indonesia 1.0 0.2 0.2 11 9
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 0.6 0.2 0.1 -6 152 Viet Nam 0.9 0.1 0.2 23 27
Egypt 0.6 0.0 0.1 -13 84 Nigeria 0.9 0.1 0.2 -58 221
Gibraltar 0.6 0.0 0.1 32 1297 Cuba 0.8 0.1 0.2 78 -15
Israel 0.6 0.1 0.1 1 38 South Africa 0.8 0.1 0.2 41 -21
Philippines 0.5 0.1 0.1 21 23 Philippines 0.8 0.4 0.2 -18 8
Pakistan 0.5 0.0 0.1 20 23 Turkey 0.7 0.1 0.2 -5 26
New Zealand 0.4 0.0 0.1 11 14 Bangladesh 0.6 0.0 0.1 6 21
Sri Lanka 0.4 0.0 0.1 3 61 Colombia 0.6 0.1 0.1 -22 37
Peru 0.4 0.1 0.1 22 16 Argentina 0.6 0.1 0.1 -12 37
Viet Nam 0.3 0.0 0.1 45 11 Suriname 0.6 0.0 0.1 97 52
Morocco 0.3 0.1 0.1 53 27 New Zealand 0.5 0.1 0.1 10 -5
Bangladesh 0.3 0.0 0.1 137 -21 Hong Kong, China 0.4 0.4 0.1 10 -12
Trinidad and Tobago 0.3 0.0 0.1 19 23 Costa Rica 0.4 0.1 0.1 0 3
Above 40 449.2 99.7 98.4 - - Above 40 411.6 97.0 98.4 - -

b In 2008, Canada reported imports from Canada accounting for nearly 1 percent of its total merchandise imports.
16
Table I.13
Merchandise trade of the United States by origin and destination, 2008
Exports Imports
Annual Annual
I
2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008
Region Region
World 1287.4 100.0 100.0 12 12 World 2169.5 100.0 100.0 5 7
North America 413.2 37.0 32.1 6 7 Asia 762.4 37.8 35.1 5 1
Asia 329.4 27.6 25.6 11 8 North America 559.0 29.4 25.8 5 5
Europe 311.1 23.6 24.2 16 14 Europe 409.6 20.3 18.9 6 4
South and Central America 135.0 7.5 10.5 21 28 South and Central America 167.4 6.2 7.7 1 18
Middle East 55.0 2.4 4.3 21 22 Africa 117.3 2.3 5.4 14 23
Africa 28.8 1.4 2.2 28 20 Middle East 115.3 3.2 5.3 8 44
CIS 13.8 0.4 1.1 49 32 CIS 38.5 0.8 1.8 5 45
Economy Economy
Canada 260.9 22.6 20.3 8 5 China 356.6 8.5 16.4 11 5
Mexico 151.2 14.3 11.7 2 11 Canada 339.1 18.5 15.6 3 7
China 69.7 2.1 5.4 17 11 Mexico 218.6 10.9 10.1 6 3
Japan 65.1 8.4 5.1 5 7 Japan 143.6 12.0 6.6 -2 -4
Above 5 818.8 68.9 63.6 - - Above 5 1435.8 68.6 66.2 - -
Korea, Republic of 34.8 3.6 2.7 7 0 Saudi Arabia 57.0 1.2 2.6 12 53
Brazil 32.3 2.0 2.5 28 34 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 52.6 1.6 2.4 7 28
Singapore 28.8 2.3 2.2 6 10 Korea, Republic of 49.8 3.3 2.3 4 1
Taipei, Chinese 25.3 3.1 2.0 14 -4 Nigeria 39.2 0.9 1.8 17 16
Australia 22.4 1.6 1.7 8 17 Taipei, Chinese 37.7 3.4 1.7 0 -5
Switzerland 22.0 1.3 1.7 18 29 Brazil 32.1 1.2 1.5 -3 18
Hong Kong, China 21.6 1.9 1.7 13 8 Malaysia 31.6 2.1 1.5 -10 -6
India 17.7 0.5 1.4 55 18 Russian Federation 27.9 0.6 1.3 -2 38
United Arab Emirates 15.7 0.3 1.2 -3 36 India 27.0 0.9 1.2 9 7
Israel 14.5 1.0 1.1 19 11 Thailand 24.6 1.4 1.1 0 3
Malaysia 13.0 1.4 1.0 -7 11 Iraq 23.1 0.5 1.1 -3 94
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 12.6 0.7 1.0 13 24 Israel 22.6 1.0 1.0 9 7
Saudi Arabia 12.5 0.8 1.0 33 20 Algeria 20.0 0.2 0.9 15 9
Chile 12.1 0.4 0.9 22 46 Angola 19.5 0.3 0.9 6 51
Colombia 11.4 0.5 0.9 28 34 Switzerland 18.2 0.8 0.8 3 20
Turkey 10.4 0.5 0.8 15 59 Indonesia 16.7 0.9 0.8 6 10
Russian Federation 9.3 0.3 0.7 55 28 Singapore 16.2 1.6 0.7 3 -14
Thailand 9.1 0.9 0.7 4 7 Viet Nam 13.9 0.1 0.6 23 21
Philippines 8.3 1.1 0.6 1 8 Colombia 13.8 0.6 0.6 2 38
Argentina 7.5 0.6 0.6 23 29 Australia 10.9 0.5 0.5 5 22
Dominican Republic 6.6 0.6 0.5 14 8 South Africa 10.1 0.3 0.5 20 9
South Africa 6.5 0.4 0.5 24 18 Ecuador 9.5 0.2 0.4 -14 46
Peru 6.2 0.2 0.5 41 50 Trinidad and Tobago 9.5 0.2 0.4 6 1
Egypt 6.0 0.4 0.5 30 13 Philippines 9.1 1.1 0.4 -3 -7
Indonesia 5.9 0.3 0.5 38 40 Chile 9.0 0.3 0.4 -5 -8
Costa Rica 5.7 0.3 0.4 11 24 Norway 7.6 0.5 0.4 3 0
Panama 4.9 0.2 0.4 38 32 Kuwait 7.4 0.2 0.3 3 72
Honduras 4.8 0.3 0.4 21 9 Hong Kong, China 6.7 1.0 0.3 -12 -8
Guatemala 4.7 0.2 0.4 16 16 Argentina 6.2 0.3 0.3 13 28
Nigeria 4.1 0.1 0.3 25 47 Peru 6.1 0.2 0.3 -11 12
Ecuador 3.4 0.1 0.3 8 18 Congo 5.2 0.0 0.2 0 63
Norway 3.4 0.2 0.3 27 11 Turkey 5.0 0.3 0.2 -15 1
Qatar 3.1 0.0 0.2 108 11 Azerbaijan 4.5 0.0 0.2 162 131
Netherlands Antilles 3.0 0.1 0.2 40 42 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 4.4 ... 0.2 35 23
Viet Nam 2.8 0.0 0.2 73 47 Honduras 4.2 0.3 0.2 5 3
Above 40 1231.3 97.1 95.6 - - Above 40 2094.8 96.5 96.6 - -
17
Table I.14
Merchandise trade of the European Union (27) by origin and destination, 2008
Exports Imports
I Annual Annual
2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008
Region Region
World 5898.4 100.0 100.0 16 10 World 6255.8 100.0 100.0 16 12
Europe 4313.5 73.5 73.1 16 9 Europe 4298.9 69.2 68.7 16 10
Asia 440.5 7.5 7.5 17 11 Asia 784.5 12.0 12.5 19 9
North America 434.7 10.3 7.4 7 4 CIS 329.5 2.7 5.3 12 31
CIS 218.3 1.3 3.7 33 25 North America 323.7 8.3 5.2 15 9
Africa 171.8 2.4 2.9 22 24 Africa 214.2 2.9 3.4 12 30
Middle East 156.1 2.2 2.6 17 18 South and Central America 128.6 1.7 2.1 17 17
South and Central America 89.0 1.7 1.5 21 20 Middle East 111.0 1.9 1.8 7 19
Economy Economy
United States 362.7 8.9 6.1 6 2 China 363.7 2.7 5.8 30 15
Russian Federation 153.2 0.8 2.6 34 27 United States 268.3 7.3 4.3 13 8
Switzerland 143.7 2.7 2.4 15 13 Russian Federation 254.0 2.2 4.1 11 28
China 113.7 1.0 1.9 23 17 Norway 135.3 1.7 2.2 6 29
Above 5 4746.7 81.4 80.5 - - Above 5 4994.7 78.4 79.8 - -
Turkey 79.8 1.2 1.4 15 11 Switzerland 117.8 2.2 1.9 17 12
Norway 64.3 1.0 1.1 24 8 Japan 109.9 3.3 1.8 11 2
Japan 60.4 1.7 1.0 6 3 Turkey 67.5 0.7 1.1 23 5
United Arab Emirates 46.6 0.5 0.8 16 27 Korea, Republic of 57.9 1.0 0.9 11 2
India 45.6 0.5 0.8 32 15 Brazil 52.1 0.7 0.8 31 16
Canada 38.4 0.8 0.7 6 8 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 50.3 0.5 0.8 15 34
Korea, Republic of 37.7 0.6 0.6 18 11 India 43.2 0.5 0.7 28 19
Brazil 37.6 0.6 0.6 30 32 Algeria 41.7 0.6 0.7 -7 48
Australia 37.0 0.6 0.6 17 19 Taipei, Chinese 35.4 1.0 0.6 6 -1
Ukraine 37.0 0.2 0.6 34 21 Canada 35.0 0.7 0.6 29 10
Singapore 32.3 0.6 0.5 14 15 South Africa 32.3 0.5 0.5 23 14
Mexico 32.0 0.5 0.5 20 13 Saudi Arabia 31.1 0.6 0.5 -14 23
Saudi Arabia 31.3 0.5 0.5 25 14 Malaysia 25.8 0.7 0.4 11 4
Hong Kong, China 31.0 0.8 0.5 6 8 Kazakhstan 25.6 0.1 0.4 5 39
South Africa 28.9 0.4 0.5 12 5 Thailand 25.2 0.5 0.4 23 11
Algeria 22.5 0.2 0.4 23 46 Singapore 23.8 0.6 0.4 4 -6
Morocco 21.2 0.3 0.4 29 25 Nigeria 22.6 0.2 0.4 3 62
Croatia 21.1 0.2 0.4 17 16 Ukraine 21.1 0.2 0.3 37 24
Israel 20.7 0.6 0.4 12 6 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 21.1 0.3 0.3 5 11
Egypt 18.7 0.3 0.3 25 31 Mexico 20.2 0.3 0.3 25 22
Taipei, Chinese 17.1 0.6 0.3 10 -6 Indonesia 19.9 0.4 0.3 14 13
Malaysia 17.0 0.3 0.3 21 9 Hong Kong, China 16.9 0.4 0.3 -2 12
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 16.7 0.2 0.3 -2 21 Chile 16.6 0.2 0.3 10 -4
Nigeria 16.5 0.2 0.3 32 42 Australia 16.5 0.3 0.3 15 2
Tunisia 14.6 0.3 0.2 19 12 Israel 16.5 0.4 0.3 24 6
Serbia 13.3 ... 0.2 51 21 Azerbaijan 15.5 0.0 0.2 47 54
Thailand 12.5 0.3 0.2 18 15 Argentina 15.5 0.2 0.2 26 32
Qatar 9.7 0.1 0.2 34 13 Tunisia 14.0 0.2 0.2 29 13
Belarus 9.4 0.1 0.2 20 41 Iraq 13.4 0.2 0.2 48 44
Argentina 8.9 0.2 0.2 34 9 Viet Nam 12.6 0.2 0.2 25 17
Indonesia 8.8 0.2 0.1 19 18 Morocco 12.3 0.2 0.2 22 11
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 8.4 0.1 0.1 23 48 Egypt 11.9 0.1 0.2 0 23
Kazakhstan 8.3 0.1 0.1 32 1 Angola 11.4 0.1 0.2 111 99
Angola 7.8 0.0 0.1 44 41 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 9.3 0.1 0.1 -3 25
Chile 7.5 0.1 0.1 22 15 Belarus 8.9 0.0 0.1 7 49
Above 40 5667.5 96.2 96.1 - - Above 40 6065.5 96.5 97.0 - -
a The figures are affected by the "INTRASTAT" system of recording trade between EU member States. Intra-EU (27) imports are underrecorded. To compensate for this under-recording, intra-EU (27) exports have
been used to obtain total (World) imports.
18
Table I.15
Merchandise trade of Japan by origin and destination, 2008
Exports Imports
Annual Annual
I
2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008
Region Region
World 782.0 100.0 100.0 10 9 World 762.6 100.0 100.0 7 23
Asia 406.2 43.3 51.9 12 13 Asia 361.1 46.4 47.4 7 19
North America 158.1 32.7 20.2 0 -4 Middle East 166.7 13.0 21.9 5 46
Europe 119.3 17.8 15.3 12 6 North America 94.3 22.0 12.4 5 12
Middle East 34.0 2.0 4.4 37 30 Europe 79.6 13.9 10.4 9 10
CIS 19.3 0.2 2.5 51 54 South and Central America 22.2 2.2 2.9 21 13
South and Central America 19.2 1.7 2.5 25 28 Africa 21.4 1.3 2.8 14 40
Africa 12.5 0.9 1.6 22 19 CIS 14.8 1.3 1.9 57 28
Economy Economy
China 146.2 8.9 18.7 16 13 China 143.3 14.5 18.8 8 12
United States 137.4 30.0 17.6 -1 -4 United States 77.7 19.1 10.2 4 9
Korea, Republic of 59.5 6.4 7.6 8 9 Saudi Arabia 51.1 3.7 6.7 -5 45
Taipei, Chinese 46.1 7.5 5.9 2 3 Australia 47.5 3.9 6.2 12 52
Above 5 499.4 69.6 63.9 - - Above 5 389.9 53.8 51.1 - -
Hong Kong, China a 40.3 - - 7 4 United Arab Emirates 47.1 3.9 6.2 2 45
Thailand 29.4 2.8 3.8 12 15 Indonesia 32.6 4.3 4.3 10 23
Singapore 26.6 4.3 3.4 13 22 Korea, Republic of 29.5 5.4 3.9 0 8
Australia 17.3 1.8 2.2 14 22 Qatar 26.6 1.5 3.5 14 57
Russian Federation 16.5 0.1 2.1 53 53 Malaysia 23.2 3.8 3.0 12 33
Malaysia 16.4 2.9 2.1 14 9 Taipei, Chinese 21.8 4.7 2.9 -2 10
Indonesia 12.6 1.6 1.6 23 39 Thailand 20.8 2.8 2.7 9 13
Panama 10.9 1.3 1.4 7 26 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 18.3 1.4 2.4 14 45
United Arab Emirates 10.8 0.5 1.4 33 35 Kuwait 15.3 1.3 2.0 9 54
Canada 10.8 1.6 1.4 6 2 Russian Federation 13.3 1.2 1.7 59 26
Philippines 10.0 2.1 1.3 5 5 Canada 12.8 2.3 1.7 4 28
Mexico 9.9 1.1 1.3 11 -3 Viet Nam 9.1 0.7 1.2 16 49
India 7.9 0.5 1.0 39 28 South Africa 9.0 0.8 1.2 17 16
Saudi Arabia 7.9 0.6 1.0 45 17 Brazil 8.7 0.8 1.1 18 45
Viet Nam 7.8 0.4 1.0 37 38 Philippines 8.4 1.9 1.1 10 -3
Brazil 5.9 0.5 0.8 31 48 Chile 7.9 0.7 1.0 12 -3
South Africa 4.6 0.4 0.6 14 1 Singapore 7.9 1.7 1.0 -6 12
Switzerland 4.3 0.4 0.6 25 44 Switzerland 6.4 0.9 0.8 2 23
Oman 3.9 0.2 0.5 46 56 Oman 5.6 0.5 0.7 34 56
Turkey 3.1 0.3 0.4 15 13 India 5.2 0.7 0.7 3 26
Chile 2.7 0.1 0.4 45 74 Brunei Darussalam 4.5 0.4 0.6 7 81
New Zealand 2.5 0.3 0.3 19 1 Sudan 4.3 0.1 0.6 -11 59
Israel 2.2 0.3 0.3 58 15 Mexico 3.8 0.6 0.5 12 21
Kuwait 2.1 0.1 0.3 40 26 New Zealand 2.9 0.6 0.4 6 8
Ukraine 2.0 0.0 0.3 61 87 Peru 2.1 0.1 0.3 69 -5
Qatar 2.0 0.1 0.3 26 9 Norway 2.1 0.3 0.3 37 24
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 1.9 0.1 0.2 14 42 Nigeria 1.8 0.1 0.2 -18 168
Egypt 1.9 0.2 0.2 13 44 Egypt 1.6 0.0 0.2 111 91
Bahamas 1.8 0.1 0.2 2 45 Hong Kong, China 1.6 0.4 0.2 -5 7
Pakistan 1.5 0.1 0.2 -11 -7 Iraq 1.5 0.2 0.2 12 49
Norway 1.3 0.2 0.2 -31 18 Equatorial Guinea 1.1 0.0 0.1 82 94
Colombia 1.1 0.1 0.1 29 -15 Algeria 1.0 0.0 0.1 200 160
Algeria 1.1 0.0 0.1 96 24 Israel 0.9 0.2 0.1 8 2
Argentina 1.0 0.2 0.1 27 18 Papua New Guinea 0.9 0.1 0.1 27 8
Peru 1.0 0.1 0.1 44 79 Kazakhstan 0.8 0.0 0.1 20 111
Above 40 a 782.5 - - - - Above 40 750.3 98.5 98.4 - -
a Includes significant shipments recorded as exports to Hong Kong, China with China as final destination.
19
Table I.16
Trade in commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007
(Million dollars and percentage)
Exports Imports
I Annual percentage Annual percentage
Value Share change Value Share change
2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007
European Union (27)

World 1586629 100.0 14 13 21 World 1371589 100.0 12 10 19
European Union (27) 918349 57.9 14 13 20 European Union (27) 823565 60.0 12 10 19
United States 186557 11.8 10 11 14 United States 168917 12.3 9 5 14
Switzerland 83728 5.3 14 8 26 Switzerland 58615 4.3 13 4 26
Japan 26376 1.7 5 -4 14 Japan 18427 1.3 13 11 14
Russian Federation 25930 1.6 32 20 43 China 18386 1.3 27 28 26
Above 5 1240938 78.2 - - - Above 5 1087911 79.3 - - -
Norway 25875 1.6 16 13 27 Russian Federation 16020 1.2 18 11 19
China 24001 1.5 30 9 45 Norway 15977 1.2 11 11 22
Canada 15768 1.0 16 18 23 Turkey 15897 1.2 9 -4 21
Singapore 15491 1.0 19 24 19 Canada 12762 0.9 15 16 24
Australia 14617 0.9 19 10 28 Hong Kong, China 10919 0.8 20 18 34
India 12754 0.8 42 38 45 Singapore 9548 0.7 16 10 29
Hong Kong, China 11218 0.7 9 -15 28 India 9333 0.7 23 15 32
Korea, Republic of 9804 0.6 13 16 16 Australia 8378 0.6 10 4 14
Turkey 8813 0.6 23 25 21 Egypt 7590 0.6 13 -1 23
Brazil 8693 0.5 24 15 33 Croatia 6599 0.5 16 9 12
Above 15 1387972 87.5 - - - Above 15 1200934 87.6 - - -
United States
World 472680 100.0 13 13 16 World 341673 100.0 10 12 9
European Union (27) 176509 37.3 ... ... ... European Union (27) 133350 39.0 ... ... ...
Canada 42238 8.9 13 14 15 Canada 24617 7.2 6 8 4
Japan 39615 8.4 4 -1 -2 Japan 24509 7.2 7 7 3
Mexico 23397 4.9 10 6 10 Bermuda 16554 4.8 3 20 2
Switzerland 15459 3.3 14 13 22 Mexico 15627 4.6 5 4 6
Above 5 297218 62.9 - - - Above 5 214658 62.8 - - -
China 13964 3.0 23 27 24 Switzerland 14949 4.4 20 19 11
Korea, Republic of 12518 2.6 11 17 4 India 9616 2.8 50 52 26
Australia 10287 2.2 15 14 22 China 8770 2.6 14 16 14
Brazil 9683 2.0 26 29 31 Taipei, Chinese 7171 2.1 8 5 4
India 9208 1.9 28 32 37 Hong Kong, China 6887 2.0 13 14 12
Singapore 7114 1.5 9 40 -11 Korea, Republic of 6563 1.9 6 6 2
Bermuda 6956 1.5 16 26 10 Australia 5958 1.7 15 5 22
Taipei, Chinese 6869 1.5 8 17 -7 Brazil 4028 1.2 28 58 21
Hong Kong, China 5704 1.2 18 18 18 Singapore 3921 1.1 12 0 6
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 3823 0.8 17 17 26 Israel 3082 0.9 13 7 21
Above 15 383344 81.1 - - - Above 15 285603 83.6 - - -
Japan
World 127060 100.0 12 13 10 World 148685 100.0 7 9 11
United States 33478 26.3 ... ... 7 United States 42658 28.7 ... ... 3
Singapore 9943 7.8 ... ... 16 China 8071 5.4 ... ... 15
Taipei, Chinese 9001 7.1 ... ... 19 Singapore 7953 5.3 ... ... 21
China 8155 6.4 ... ... 8 Korea, Republic of 7142 4.8 ... ... 9
Above 5 93517 73.6 - - - Above 5 98494 66.2 - - -
Korea, Republic of 7412 5.8 ... ... 33 Hong Kong, China 5881 4.0 ... ... 10
Thailand 4217 3.3 ... ... 14 Taipei, Chinese 4148 2.8 ... ... 14
Canada 2092 1.6 ... ... -3 Australia 3711 2.5 ... ... 17
Switzerland 1723 1.4 ... ... 18 Switzerland 2897 1.9 ... ... 30
Australia 1648 1.3 ... ... 2 Thailand 2780 1.9 ... ... 5
Indonesia 1581 1.2 ... ... -14 United Arab Emirates 1917 1.3 ... ... 40
Philippines 1368 1.1 ... ... 39 Philippines 1730 1.2 ... ... 6
Saudi Arabia 1215 1.0 ... ... 44 Canada 1640 1.1 ... ... 11
India 1170 0.9 ... ... 55 Indonesia 1622 1.1 ... ... 8
United Arab Emirates 1019 0.8 ... ... -32 Malaysia 1318 0.9 ... ... 20
Above 15 116960 92.1 - - - Above 15 126138 84.8 - - -
20
Table I.16 (continued)
Exports Imports
Annual percentage Annual percentage
I
2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007
Hong Kong, China a

World 84643 100.0 15 14 16 World 42450 100.0 11 9 15
China 20698 24.5 11 7 17 China 11271 26.6 10 8 14
United States 17829 21.1 17 19 16 European Union (27) 7236 17.0 ... ... ...
European Union (27) 15530 18.3 ... ... ... United States 6236 14.7 11 8 14
Japan 5762 6.8 13 15 12 Japan 3498 8.2 9 7 12
Taipei, Chinese 4640 5.5 5 3 -1 Singapore 2367 5.6 26 36 21
Above 5 64459 76.2 - - - Above 5 30608 72.1 - - -
Singapore 2498 3.0 18 16 25 Australia 2219 5.2 5 2 6
Korea, Republic of 2247 2.7 18 30 17 Taipei, Chinese 1653 3.9 10 7 13
Australia 2128 2.5 27 28 10 Canada 1182 2.8 7 3 19
Canada 1386 1.6 15 12 22 Thailand 1001 2.4 2 5 1
Switzerland 1055 1.2 20 14 47 Korea, Republic of 743 1.8 -2 -14 8
Malaysia 1038 1.2 15 12 23 Malaysia 662 1.6 17 16 22
Thailand 802 0.9 12 6 3 Macao, China 597 1.4 10 8 19
India 692 0.8 10 15 12 India 570 1.3 31 23 33
Indonesia 662 0.8 27 26 24 United Arab Emirates 413 1.0 27 31 10
Philippines 624 0.7 21 -9 31 Philippines 404 1.0 7 2 13
Above 15 77591 91.7 - - - Above 15 40052 94.4 - - -
Singapore b, c
World 80490 100.0 20 20 26 World 74687 100.0 15 17 16
Japan 6456 8.0 14 16 17 Japan 3722 5.0 8 42 -9
China 4318 5.4 24 15 52 Hong Kong, China 2323 3.1 23 31 26
Hong Kong, China 3560 4.4 20 11 28 China 2092 2.8 17 13 41
Above 5 34367 42.7 - - - Above 5 32317 43.3 - - -
Australia 3324 4.1 18 17 15 Australia 1641 2.2 18 22 34
Indonesia 2647 3.3 12 24 9 Switzerland 1206 1.6 17 7 35
Malaysia 2609 3.2 14 10 29 Malaysia 1021 1.4 14 12 25
India 2458 3.1 25 23 36 Korea, Republic of 1020 1.4 15 10 20
Switzerland 2188 2.7 18 12 44 Indonesia 841 1.1 4 0 15
Thailand 1908 2.4 13 7 17 Thailand 765 1.0 12 1 17
Taipei, Chinese 1616 2.0 15 15 15 Taipei, Chinese 713 1.0 21 8 37
United Arab Emirates 1233 1.5 20 26 33 Norway 517 0.7 16 -18 34
Viet Nam 974 1.2 39 15 95 United Arab Emirates 343 0.5 17 15 32
Above 15 56028 69.6 - - - Above 15 41631 55.7 - - -
Canada d
World 59014 100.0 ... 8 ... World 71919 100.0 ... 11 ...
United States 31867 54.0 ... 3 ... United States 41176 57.3 ... 7 ...
European Union (27) e 10842 18.4 ... ... ... European Union (27) e 12037 16.7 ... ... ...
Bermuda 1576 2.7 ... 24 ... Japan 2490 3.5 ... 25 ...
Japan 1324 2.2 ... 4 ... Hong Kong, China 1562 2.2 ... 8 ...
Switzerland 1064 1.8 ... 81 ... Bermuda 1311 1.8 ... 7 ...
Above 5 46674 79.1 - - - Above 5 58575 81.4 - - -
Hong Kong, China 1047 1.8 ... 36 ... Switzerland 1297 1.8 ... 36 ...
China 986 1.7 ... 18 ... Mexico 1060 1.5 ... 5 ...
Barbados 741 1.3 ... -19 ... Barbados 1035 1.4 ... 8 ...
Australia 667 1.1 ... 7 ... China 1009 1.4 ... 47 ...
Korea, Republic of 636 1.1 ... 16 ... Singapore 934 1.3 ... 23 ...
Mexico 562 1.0 ... 3 ... Australia 575 0.8 ... 27 ...
Taipei, Chinese 373 0.6 ... 8 ... Russian Federation 371 0.5 ... 11 ...
Singapore 366 0.6 ... 29 ... Korea, Republic of 358 0.5 ... 33 ...
Brazil 321 0.5 ... 29 ... Norway 357 0.5 ... 6 ...
India 320 0.5 ... 20 ... India 355 0.5 ... 35 ...
Above 15 52694 89.3 - - - Above 15 65926 91.7 - - -
21
Table I.16 (continued)
Exports Imports
I Annual percentage Annual percentage
2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007
Korea, Republic of f
World 61729 100.0 15 11 28 World 82108 100.0 18 17 21
China 8943 14.5 21 17 33 Japan 9813 12.0 16 13 19
Japan 6701 10.9 0 -2 4 China 8841 10.8 22 18 18
Above 4 41611 67.4 - - - Above 4 57603 70.2 - - -
Australia
World 39728 100.0 13 7 22 World 38614 100.0 12 6 22
European Union (27) 7271 18.3 ... ... ... European Union (27) 8486 22.0 10 3 17
China 3273 8.2 21 8 32 Singapore 3488 9.0 15 8 19
New Zealand 2849 7.2 11 -1 24 New Zealand 1955 5.1 8 4 18
Singapore 2640 6.6 16 11 24 Japan 1638 4.2 4 -7 12
Above 5 20771 52.3 - - - Above 5 22395 58.0 - - -
Japan 2271 5.7 -2 -4 -3 Hong Kong, China 1389 3.6 8 -3 17
India 1722 4.3 41 21 49 Thailand 1302 3.4 27 30 44
Korea, Republic of 1553 3.9 23 20 25 China 1018 2.6 8 -13 28
Hong Kong, China 1320 3.3 4 -2 10 Switzerland 867 2.2 4 -10 14
Malaysia 1105 2.8 10 -4 23 Malaysia 812 2.1 15 1 31
Indonesia 711 1.8 3 -3 20 Fiji 592 1.5 6 3 3
Thailand 665 1.7 14 6 31 Canada 591 1.5 12 -4 28
Canada 618 1.6 19 30 19 Indonesia 546 1.4 -8 -44 46
Switzerland 490 1.2 17 -2 49 Viet Nam 418 1.1 16 6 33
Taipei, Chinese 432 1.1 7 -3 18 Korea, Republic of 393 1.0 18 11 34
Above 15 31660 79.7 - - - Above 15 30321 78.5 - - -
Russian Federation g
World 39119 100.0 24 25 27 World 57684 100.0 21 16 32
United States 3184 8.1 22 22 20 Turkey 5365 9.3 23 13 36
Kazakhstan 1786 4.6 43 52 65 United States 3078 5.3 12 30 25
Ukraine 1757 4.5 ... 38 15 Ukraine 2458 4.3 ... -5 26
Turkey 1541 3.9 34 37 22 Egypt 1687 2.9 32 33 29
Above 5 23947 61.2 - - - Above 5 37835 65.6 - - -
Switzerland 1240 3.2 15 17 -3 Switzerland 1461 2.5 16 18 27
British Virgin Islands 955 2.4 39 18 61 China 1366 2.4 15 14 24
Uzbekistan 952 2.4 ... 117 100 Panama 832 1.4 29 12 25
China 869 2.2 11 28 4 Kazakhstan 765 1.3 22 18 24
Tajikistan 690 1.8 67 172 52 Belarus 668 1.2 18 16 36
Japan 583 1.5 11 16 -5 United Arab Emirates 657 1.1 18 26 23
Canada 549 1.4 67 225 46 Serbia 523 0.9 ... ... ...
Korea, Republic of 510 1.3 14 20 13 Thailand 467 0.8 41 107 60
Belarus 479 1.2 25 35 22 Israel 445 0.8 15 -6 22
Moldova 323 0.8 ... 82 41 Korea, Republic of 372 0.6 24 38 4
Above 15 31097 79.5 - - - Above 15 45391 78.7 - - -
a Financial intermediation services are not allocated geographically. In 2007, they represented 2 per cent of exports, and 0.3 per cent of imports.
b The following transactions are not allocated geographically: travel exports and imports; financial services exports related to foreign exchange trading; imports of freight transportation services and, insurance on
goods imports. Overall, they represent 12 per cent of commercial services exports, and 32 per cent of imports.
c ASEAN countries accounted for 12 per cent of total commercial services exports and 5 per cent of imports.
d 2006 instead of 2007. The geographical breakdown includes government services n.i.e. In 2006, they represented 3 per cent of services exports, and 1 per cent of imports.
e Excluding Bulgaria and Romania.
f In 2007 trade in commercial services not allocated geographically accounted for 10 per cent of exports and 8 per cent of imports.
g In 2007 trade in commercial services not allocated geographically accounted for 8 per cent of exports and 13 per cent of imports.
Note: For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.
22
5. Regional Trade Agreements
Table I.17
Merchandise trade of NAFTA countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2008

I
World NAFTA Other origin/destination
Annual Annual Annual
percentage percentage percentage
Destination Value Share change Value Share change Value Share change
2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008
Exports
Canada
Agricultural products 54 12.6 11.9 10 11 30 9.2 8.4 4 4 24 36.4 24.8 21 21
Fuels and mining products 161 17.5 35.3 16 30 137 18.0 38.0 12 32 24 13.7 25.3 43 21
Manufactures 214 63.5 46.9 4 -5 173 65.8 48.1 2 -7 41 47.2 42.5 18 6
Total exports 456 100.0 100.0 8 9 360 100.0 100.0 5 7 96 100.0 100.0 24 15
Mexico
Manufactures 213 83.3 72.9 8 4 179 85.6 74.2 5 1 34 63.1 67.2 28 23
Total exports 292 100.0 100.0 9 7 241 100.0 100.0 6 5 51 100.0 100.0 28 21
United States
Manufactures 963 83.0 74.8 10 7 318 85.4 77.0 4 3 645 81.6 73.7 13 10
Total exports 1287 100.0 100.0 12 12 412 100.0 100.0 6 7 875 100.0 100.0 15 15
NAFTA
Manufactures 1390 78.6 68.3 8 5 669 78.5 66.1 3 0 720 78.8 70.5 14 10
Total exports 2036 100.0 100.0 11 11 1013 100.0 100.0 5 7 1022 100.0 100.0 17 15
Imports
Canada
Manufactures 308 83.6 73.7 7 2 186 87.5 77.6 6 -1 122 75.4 68.4 10 8
Total imports 418 100.0 100.0 9 7 240 100.0 100.0 8 4 178 100.0 100.0 10 12
Mexico
Manufactures 251 83.4 77.6 2 11 121 86.6 71.8 1 5 129 74.6 83.9 2 18
Total imports 323 100.0 100.0 10 9 169 100.0 100.0 7 9 154 100.0 100.0 14 10
United States
Manufactures 1417 76.9 65.3 4 1 309 71.2 55.4 4 -5 1107 79.3 68.7 5 2
Total imports 2169 100.0 100.0 5 7 559 100.0 100.0 5 5 1611 100.0 100.0 6 8
NAFTA
Manufactures 1976 78.6 67.9 5 2 617 78.3 63.7 4 -2 1359 78.7 69.9 5 4
Total imports 2911 100.0 100.0 6 8 968 100.0 100.0 6 5 1943 100.0 100.0 7 9
23
Table I.18
Merchandise trade of MERCOSUR countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2008
World MERCOSUR Other origin/destination

I Annual Annual Annual
2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008
Exports
Argentina
Agricultural products 37.5 45.4 53.6 35 30 3.7 28.4 23.2 29 24 33.8 53.4 62.7 36 31
Fuels and mining products 8.8 20.6 12.6 -9 8 2.4 22.9 15.0 16 8 6.4 19.5 11.9 -16 7
Manufactures 21.6 32.4 30.8 17 25 10.0 48.7 61.8 27 39 11.6 24.7 21.5 11 15
Total exports 70.0 100.0 100.0 20 26 16.1 100.0 100.0 25 29 53.9 100.0 100.0 18 24
Brazil
Fuels and mining products 44.0 11.8 22.2 22 37 2.5 5.7 11.3 25 34 41.6 12.8 23.6 21 37
Manufactures 86.4 57.5 43.7 9 15 18.1 83.7 83.4 21 27 68.3 53.2 38.8 7 13
Total exports 197.9 100.0 100.0 17 23 21.7 100.0 100.0 24 25 176.2 100.0 100.0 16 23
Paraguay
Fuels and mining products 0.0 0.5 0.7 14 25 0.0 0.5 1.1 23 44 0.0 0.3 0.3 0 -13
Manufactures 0.3 19.3 7.8 26 -9 0.2 16.5 10.3 34 -9 0.1 24.4 5.6 15 -9
Total exports 4.4 100.0 100.0 46 59 2.1 100.0 100.0 50 53 2.3 100.0 100.0 43 65
Uruguay
Fuels and mining products 0.2 2.0 3.6 30 -4 0.1 4.1 5.6 373 -13 0.1 0.3 2.9 -20 4
Manufactures 1.5 41.4 25.9 15 15 0.9 54.6 56.7 22 29 0.6 30.8 14.6 7 0
Total exports 5.9 100.0 100.0 13 32 1.6 100.0 100.0 32 28 4.3 100.0 100.0 7 33
MERCOSUR
Manufactures 109.9 48.8 39.5 11 17 29.2 63.3 70.3 23 30 80.6 45.0 34.1 8 13
Total exports 278.3 100.0 100.0 18 24 41.6 100.0 100.0 26 28 236.8 100.0 100.0 16 24
Imports
Argentina
Manufactures 46.3 87.1 80.7 29 22 16.2 81.5 79.5 22 23 30.2 89.4 81.3 32 21
Total imports 57.4 100.0 100.0 31 28 20.3 100.0 100.0 27 26 37.1 100.0 100.0 33 30
Brazil
Manufactures 128.2 73.4 70.3 20 58 9.2 46.0 57.2 28 39 119.1 78.0 71.5 20 60
Total imports 182.4 100.0 100.0 32 44 16.0 100.0 100.0 29 30 166.4 100.0 100.0 32 46
Paraguay
Agricultural products 0.7 17.8 7.1 36 33 0.6 25.7 13.4 56 31 0.1 9.3 2.5 -11 41
Fuels and mining products 1.7 14.3 16.2 27 65 0.8 20.9 18.4 104 15 0.9 7.2 14.7 -31 175
Manufactures 7.8 67.9 76.6 20 39 2.9 53.2 68.2 58 41 4.9 83.5 82.7 6 38
Total imports 10.2 100.0 100.0 22 42 4.3 100.0 100.0 66 34 5.9 100.0 100.0 1 48
Uruguay
Fuels and mining products 2.7 16.4 30.6 -5 108 1.2 10.6 29.3 19 107 1.6 20.9 31.6 -17 110
Manufactures 5.3 69.4 59.3 27 46 2.2 67.7 54.9 16 37 3.1 70.8 62.7 36 53
Total imports 8.9 100.0 100.0 17 59 3.9 100.0 100.0 17 53 5.0 100.0 100.0 17 63
MERCOSUR
Manufactures 187.6 77.0 72.5 23 46 30.4 62.3 68.2 26 30 157.2 80.7 73.3 22 50
Total imports 259.0 100.0 100.0 31 41 44.5 100.0 100.0 30 30 214.4 100.0 100.0 31 43
24
Table I.19
Merchandise trade of Andean Community countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2008
World Andean Community Other origin/destination

I
2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008
Exports
Bolivia
Fuels and mining products 4.5 34.2 70.4 16 50 0.1 3.5 16.6 -38 5 4.5 42.4 75.1 19 52
Manufactures 0.6 25.1 9.0 6 31 0.1 10.0 10.7 0 25 0.5 29.1 8.9 7 32
Total exports 6.4 100.0 100.0 15 45 0.5 100.0 100.0 2 19 5.9 100.0 100.0 17 47
Colombia
Manufactures 11.9 32.3 31.5 35 1 2.0 71.2 80.6 12 17 9.9 29.5 28.1 40 -2
Total exports 37.6 100.0 100.0 23 25 2.5 100.0 100.0 8 14 35.2 100.0 100.0 24 26
Ecuador
Agricultural products 5.2 39.5 28.3 8 23 0.3 22.9 10.7 -12 11 5.0 41.6 31.0 9 24
Manufactures 1.4 8.4 7.6 -3 30 0.7 34.5 29.5 -2 33 0.7 5.1 4.2 -3 28
Total exports 18.5 100.0 100.0 13 29 2.5 100.0 100.0 22 16 16.0 100.0 100.0 11 32
Peru
Agricultural products 5.3 27.2 16.7 10 26 0.2 19.6 15.4 -2 46 5.0 27.6 16.8 10 25
Manufactures 4.1 16.5 13.0 21 22 0.9 49.6 55.7 30 44 3.2 14.9 10.8 20 18
Total exports 31.5 100.0 100.0 17 13 1.6 100.0 100.0 19 28 30.0 100.0 100.0 17 12
Andean Community
Manufactures 17.9 23.2 19.1 28 8 3.6 49.7 51.8 12 26 14.3 21.0 16.4 32 4
Total exports 94.1 100.0 100.0 18 23 7.0 100.0 100.0 15 18 87.1 100.0 100.0 19 23
Imports
Bolivia
Manufactures 3.8 78.6 76.8 24 40 0.4 81.7 84.0 23 66 3.4 78.4 76.0 24 38
Total imports 5.0 100.0 100.0 23 44 0.5 100.0 100.0 19 61 4.5 100.0 100.0 23 43
Colombia
Fuels and mining products 2.8 4.5 7.1 25 44 0.3 10.3 12.8 15 -7 2.5 4.1 6.7 28 55
Manufactures 31.8 80.1 80.2 25 18 1.6 41.8 64.8 28 11 30.2 82.8 81.2 25 18
Total imports 39.7 100.0 100.0 26 21 2.5 100.0 100.0 20 12 37.1 100.0 100.0 26 21
Ecuador
Fuels and mining products 3.7 9.2 19.8 11 23 0.2 3.5 7.4 -23 -48 3.5 10.2 21.6 17 32
Manufactures 13.2 70.8 70.5 9 44 1.8 81.9 77.4 9 29 11.4 68.8 69.5 8 47
Total imports 18.7 100.0 100.0 15 34 2.3 100.0 100.0 4 17 16.4 100.0 100.0 17 37
Peru
Manufactures 20.7 70.3 69.0 35 48 0.9 36.6 27.2 19 20 19.8 74.2 74.2 36 50
Total imports 30.0 100.0 100.0 34 46 3.3 100.0 100.0 23 25 26.7 100.0 100.0 36 50
Andean Community
Manufactures 69.5 75.6 74.5 24 32 4.8 52.6 54.9 18 23 64.7 77.9 76.5 25 32
Total imports 93.3 100.0 100.0 25 32 8.7 100.0 100.0 16 20 84.7 100.0 100.0 27 33
25
Table I.20
Merchandise trade of ASEAN countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2008
World ASEAN Other origin/destination

I Annual Annual Annual
2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2007 2008
Exports
Indonesia
Manufactures 53.6 56.7 38.5 9 7 13.3 68.9 48.0 14 9 40.3 54.1 36.1 8 7
Total exports 139.3 100.0 100.0 14 18 27.6 100.0 100.0 21 20 111.7 100.0 100.0 12 18
Malaysia
Manufactures 130.0 80.4 65.1 6 4 33.7 80.2 65.4 8 7 96.3 80.4 65.0 5 3
Total exports 199.5 100.0 100.0 10 13 51.5 100.0 100.0 8 14 148.0 100.0 100.0 10 13
Philippines
Fuels and mining products 4.2 2.8 8.5 30 0 1.2 4.7 17.5 -6 10 2.9 2.5 6.9 52 -4
Manufactures 40.5 87.4 82.7 5 -5 5.3 92.3 74.1 -3 -18 35.3 86.5 84.1 6 -3
Total exports 49.0 100.0 100.0 6 -3 7.1 100.0 100.0 -2 -12 41.9 100.0 100.0 8 -1
Singapore
Manufactures 240.3 85.4 71.1 8 4 74.4 83.2 68.6 9 7 166.0 86.2 72.2 7 3
Total exports 338.2 100.0 100.0 10 13 108.5 100.0 100.0 13 14 229.7 100.0 100.0 9 12
Thailand
Manufactures 127.1 74.8 71.5 18 10 27.3 73.6 68.7 24 16 99.9 75.1 72.3 17 9
Total exports 177.8 100.0 100.0 17 17 39.7 100.0 100.0 20 22 138.2 100.0 100.0 16 16
ASEAN
Manufactures 630.0 76.1 63.6 10 6 158.1 77.9 62.7 11 8 471.8 75.6 63.9 9 6
Total exports 990.2 100.0 100.0 12 15 252.2 100.0 100.0 14 16 738.0 100.0 100.0 12 14
Imports
Indonesia
Agricultural products 13.0 12.5 10.3 31 29 1.8 7.7 4.6 83 -10 11.2 13.8 13.0 22 39
Manufactures 78.1 71.5 61.9 16 33 19.5 66.1 48.8 9 22 58.5 73.0 67.9 19 37
Total imports 126.2 100.0 100.0 15 36 40.0 100.0 100.0 15 31 86.1 100.0 100.0 16 38
Malaysia
Manufactures 114.3 83.1 72.8 10 3 22.1 76.5 56.3 14 -6 92.1 85.2 78.4 8 6
Total imports 156.9 100.0 100.0 12 7 39.3 100.0 100.0 17 5 117.6 100.0 100.0 11 7
Philippines
Manufactures 39.0 77.9 64.7 4 -7 8.7 76.8 56.9 26 -2 30.3 78.1 67.4 -1 -8
Total imports 60.3 100.0 100.0 7 4 15.3 100.0 100.0 26 14 45.0 100.0 100.0 3 1
Singapore
Manufactures 204.8 81.6 64.0 8 9 45.7 86.6 61.0 3 0 159.1 80.0 65.0 9 12
Total imports 319.8 100.0 100.0 10 22 74.9 100.0 100.0 6 14 244.8 100.0 100.0 12 24
Thailand
Manufactures 114.4 75.8 64.0 12 19 20.8 74.2 64.6 6 29 93.6 76.2 63.9 13 17
Total imports 178.7 100.0 100.0 9 28 32.2 100.0 100.0 0 28 146.5 100.0 100.0 11 28
ASEAN
Manufactures 615.8 78.9 65.7 12 12 130.5 77.1 57.0 10 7 485.3 79.4 68.6 12 14
Total imports 936.7 100.0 100.0 13 21 229.1 100.0 100.0 11 18 707.5 100.0 100.0 13 22
26
6. Least-developed countries
Table I.21
Ratio of exports of goods and commercial services to GDP of the least-developed countries, 2007

I
Value Ratio to GDP
GDP Goods and commercial services Goods Commercial services
2007 2000 2007 2000 2007 2000 2007
LDCs 422700 24 33 21 30 4 3
Afghanistan 9658 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Angola 61403 90 73 87 72 3 1
Bangladesh 68415 14 19 14 18 1 1
Benin 5428 23 24 17 19 6 5
Bhutan 1096 30 52 26 47 4 5
Burkina Faso 6767 9 10 8 9 1 1
Burundi 974 7 6 7 5 0 1
Cambodia 8350 49 67 37 49 11 18
Central African Republic 1712 18 13 17 11 1 2
Chad 7085 15 53 13 52 2 1
Comoros 449 24 14 6 3 19 10
Congo, Dem. Rep. of 8953 22 ... 21 ... 2 ...
Djibouti 830 18 18 6 7 13 11
Equatorial Guinea 9923 100 50 100 49 1 0
Eritrea 1375 14 ... 6 ... 9 ...
Ethiopia 19395 11 13 6 7 5 6
Gambia 644 45 36 30 18 15 18
Guinea 4564 22 27 21 26 1 1
Guinea-Bissau 357 31 27 29 24 2 3
Haiti 6715 13 10 9 8 4 2
Kiribati 78 27 ... 13 ... 14 ...
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 4108 28 37 20 29 9 7
Lesotho 1600 29 55 25 50 4 4
Liberia 735 ... 48 ... 27 ... 22
Madagascar 7382 29 26 21 15 8 11
Malawi 3563 25 ... 23 ... 2 ...
Maldives 1055 72 81 17 22 55 59
Mali 6863 26 28 23 23 4 5
Mauritania 2644 36 ... 33 ... 3 ...
Mozambique 7790 16 36 9 31 8 5
Myanmar 19618 24 ... 19 ... 5 ...
Nepal 10315 22 12 14 9 7 3
Niger 4170 18 18 16 16 2 2
Rwanda 3339 6 9 4 6 2 4
Samoa 525 ... 29 ... 3 ... 26
Sao Tome and Principe 145 ... 8 ... 5 ... 3
Senegal 11165 27 25 20 15 7 10
Sierra Leone 1664 8 20 2 18 6 3
Solomon Islands 388 38 58 23 41 15 17
Somalia ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Sudan 46228 15 20 15 19 0 1
Tanzania 16181 14 24 7 14 6 10
Timor Leste 395 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Togo 2499 31 35 27 27 3 8
Tuvalu ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Uganda 11771 11 21 7 17 3 4
Vanuatu 452 59 47 11 7 48 39
Yemen 22523 42 34 40 31 2 3
Zambia 11363 27 43 23 40 4 2
Memorandum item:
World 54583800 25 32 20 25 5 6
Note: Trade in goods is derived from balance of payments statistics and does not correspond to the merchandise trade statistics given elsewhere in this report. Data are estimated for most countries. See the
Metadata.
27
Table I.22
Merchandise exports and imports of least-developed countries by selected country grouping, 2008
Exports Imports
I
Value Annual percentage change Value Annual percentage change
2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
LDCs 173514 22 25 24 35 158392 20 15 23 27
Oil exporters
Angola 67100 31 32 39 51 21100 13 5 56 54
Equatorial Guinea 16300 40 16 24 60 3270 15 54 37 18
Sudan 12050 27 17 57 36 9150 22 19 9 4
Yemen 8977 10 14 -4 27 9960 12 13 40 17
Chad 4650 50 11 7 27 1830 33 42 11 22
Exporters of manufactures
Bangladesh 15357 12 27 6 23 23838 18 15 16 28
Myanmar 6937 20 20 38 9 4288 13 33 29 29
Cambodia 4300 15 14 16 5 6600 22 21 14 22
Madagascar 1340 6 15 26 8 4040 22 6 46 53
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 1095 16 59 5 19 1302 19 20 0 22
Nepal 1050 3 -3 6 18 3600 21 9 17 24
Lesotho 900 19 7 16 12 2040 32 6 16 17
Haiti 490 6 8 3 -6 2148 27 13 13 16
Exporters of commodities
Zambia 5089 24 108 22 10 5106 24 20 29 29
Congo, Dem. Rep. of 3950 22 6 14 49 4100 22 21 20 24
Tanzania 3037 19 14 16 36 7081 33 29 26 33
Mozambique 2653 28 34 1 10 3804 34 19 6 25
Senegal 2350 12 1 5 41 6528 28 5 33 34
Uganda 2180 21 17 42 29 4526 33 24 37 30
Mauritania 1750 22 119 5 22 1750 22 -18 30 15
Mali 1650 15 41 -2 8 2550 21 18 20 17
Ethiopia 1602 16 15 24 25 7700 41 16 20 34
Guinea 1360 9 26 7 19 1600 12 16 26 33
Benin 1050 13 27 19 20 1990 23 21 30 24
Togo 900 12 -2 8 29 1540 20 4 12 10
Niger 880 15 7 36 24 1400 22 1 12 32
Malawi 770 9 7 31 8 1650 20 4 14 20
Afghanistan 610 20 6 22 23 3350 49 5 9 19
Burkina Faso 550 13 26 6 -12 1800 31 5 23 11
Bhutan 521 22 60 63 -23 543 23 9 25 3
Maldives 331 15 39 1 45 1388 37 24 18 27
Somalia 290 5 -3 0 0 790 19 8 3 16
Rwanda 250 22 18 20 41 1139 47 27 35 54
Liberia 242 -4 20 27 21 813 12 51 7 63
Sierra Leone 220 42 46 6 -10 560 60 13 14 26
Central African Republic 195 2 17 13 10 310 9 20 23 24
Solomon Islands 190 13 17 38 13 295 20 17 32 3
Guinea-Bissau 98 6 -17 15 15 160 13 20 7 18
Djibouti 69 10 40 5 18 580 44 21 41 23
Burundi 57 2 0 -9 8 403 30 60 -26 26
Vanuatu 42 6 -3 -19 41 287 35 7 26 42
Eritrea 17 -9 -5 43 13 530 39 1 3 4
Kiribati 15 20 46 55 53 55 41 -14 11 -22
Gambia 14 -1 43 9 11 329 47 0 24 3
Comoros 13 -1 -17 31 0 180 38 17 21 29
Samoa 11 -3 -10 45 -27 249 43 17 4 10
Sao Tome and Principe 11 17 13 -12 56 114 58 42 12 44
Tuvalu 0 40 -19 80 63 26 0 -1 22 69
Timor-Leste ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Memorandum item:
World a 16070000 12 15 15 15 16422000 12 14 15 15
a Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export.

Note: Data for 2008 are largely estimated.
28
Table I.23
Imports of agricultural products, fuels and manufactures of the European Union (27), Asia and North America from least-developed
countries, 2008
European Union (27) Asia a North America

I
Value change Value change Value change
2008 2007 2008 2008 2007 2008 2008 2007 2008
A. Agricultural products
Total LDCs 4616 23 3 Total LDCs 6192 8 17 Total LDCs 806 -5 13
Uganda 527 25 23 Myanmar 2120 7 25 Liberia 167 -9 22
Ethiopia 481 27 29 Tanzania 392 -3 57 Bangladesh 163 -14 -10
Tanzania 418 28 -9 Bangladesh 303 12 22 Ethiopia 140 31 64
Madagascar 396 2 27 Solomon Islands 295 45 10 Malawi 65 -6 35
Senegal 320 32 -20 Mozambique 257 35 35 Madagascar 42 14 -13
Bangladesh 318 10 3 Benin 248 4 40 Tanzania 37 45 15
Malawi 273 41 -3 Burkina Faso 243 11 -14 Sudan 33 19 31
Togo 256 29 45 Vanuatu 221 12 1 Haiti 30 6 16
Mozambique 228 49 -15 Afghanistan 186 61 27 Uganda 20 -6 12
Congo, Dem. Rep. of 205 27 7 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 172 -4 20 Togo 16 181 126
Sudan 159 47 -1 Nepal 150 37 13 Rwanda 11 13 39
Others (39) 1055 14 -6 Others (39) 1604 -2 4 Others (39) 82 -26 -16
B. Fuels and mining products
Total LDCs 20557 46 89 Total LDCs 59777 15 53 Total LDCs 29594 8 58
Angola 11150 82 170 Angola 25691 17 59 Angola 22125 11 58
Equatorial Guinea 5701 37 106 Sudan 11995 48 61 Equatorial Guinea 3460 -5 88
Mozambique 1041 15 -36 Yemen 7434 -7 39 Chad 3446 12 55
Mauritania 797 17 27 Equatorial Guinea 5038 -5 47 Guinea 211 34 30
Guinea 595 39 19 Myanmar 3238 1 48 Congo, Dem. Rep. of 116 1062 152
Congo, Dem. Rep. of 507 79 22 Congo, Dem. Rep. of 1699 27 254 Sierra Leone 52 69 -14
Zambia 337 17 -15 Mauritania 1039 42 84 Mauritania 47 -100 ...
Senegal 93 3 145 Zambia 991 16 -1 Zambia 46 66 5
Others (42) 338 46 -13 Others (42) 2653 32 16 Others (42) 92 -46 -72
C. Manufactures
Total LDCs 11359 -2 6 Total LDCs 2991 22 20 Total LDCs 9224 12 3
Bangladesh 7696 5 16 Bangladesh 746 -4 22 Bangladesh 4562 6 13
Cambodia 1063 11 15 Nepal 464 58 38 Cambodia 2822 14 1
Madagascar 387 17 -3 Myanmar 367 36 10 Haiti 455 1 -9
Congo, Dem. Rep. of 322 -9 -11 Vanuatu 298 -87 26186 Lesotho 396 6 -14
Lesotho 248 114 47 Cambodia 204 8 -5 Madagascar 319 21 -3
Liberia 235 -58 -46 Senegal 173 106 42 Equatorial Guinea 203 134 -9
Myanmar 229 -16 -9 Angola 126 -60 97 Congo, Dem. Rep. of 150 105 -4
Angola 188 -26 -35 Bhutan 124 39 -23 Nepal 104 -8 -5
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 170 -7 7 Liberia 91 185 -72 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 45 31 141
Equatorial Guinea 159 27 -14 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 69 66 80 Angola 35 11 -38
Nepal 118 3 6 Samoa 69 25 -25 Afghanistan 22 -32 137
Sierra Leone 80 7 -33 Tanzania 43 45 22 Tanzania 19 6 23
Ethiopia 72 13 1 Zambia 35 81 4 Malawi 14 9 -35
Others (37) 406 2 -37 Others (37) 181 -15 38 Others (37) 79 110 -59
a Australia, China, Hong Kong, China; India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Taipei Chinese and Thailand.
29
Table I.24
Exports of commercial services of the least-developed countries by category, 2007
I Value Share in commercial services

Commercial
services Transportation services Travel Other commercial services
2007 2000 2007 2000 2007 2000 2007
Least developed countries 14300 20 21 47 53 33 26

Afghanistan ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Angola 311 6 5 ... 72 94 22
Bangladesh 685 32 12 18 11 50 77
Benin 281 14 4 61 73 25 22
Bhutan 60 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Burkina Faso 70 13 ... 67 ... 20 ...
Burundi 7 43 21 37 20 20 59
Cambodia 1510 17 14 72 75 11 11
Central African Republic 26 4 ... 51 ... 45 ...
Chad 84 2 ... 65 ... 33 ...
Comoros 46 13 ... 81 ... 6 ...
Congo, Dem. Rep. of ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Djibouti 92 76 78 12 7 12 15
Equatorial Guinea 26 3 ... 50 ... 47 ...
Eritrea ... 18 ... 64 ... 18 ...
Ethiopia 1183 56 62 15 15 30 23
Gambia 114 ... 17 76 65 ... 17
Guinea 44 58 14 7 0 34 86
Guinea-Bissau 11 12 ... ... ... ... ...
Haiti 152 ... ... 81 92 ... ...
Kiribati ... 12 ... 8 ... 81 ...
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 299 13 10 76 78 11 12
Lesotho 68 2 1 67 63 31 36
Liberia 160 ... 13 ... 85 ... 3
Madagascar 796 16 30 39 32 45 39
Malawi ... 26 ... 74 ... 0 ...
Maldives 622 6 5 93 94 1 1
Mali 359 36 7 44 62 20 31
Mauritania ... 1 ... 20 ... 79 ...
Mozambique 404 30 32 23 40 47 28
Myanmar ... 17 ... 35 ... 48 ...
Nepal 340 15 11 38 59 47 30
Niger 79 24 15 64 52 12 33
Rwanda 126 34 29 57 52 8 20
Samoa 138 ... 5 ... 77 ... 18
Sao Tome and Principe 4 2 2 76 83 22 16
Senegal 1097 10 12 44 48 47 39
Sierra Leone 42 46 37 27 52 27 11
Solomon Islands 66 3 18 9 2 89 79
Somalia ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Sudan 342 63 3 22 77 15 20
Tanzania 1675 10 20 65 62 25 18
Timor Leste ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Togo 197 23 54 18 17 59 29
Tuvalu ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Uganda 528 15 3 81 75 4 21
Vanuatu 177 24 18 47 67 28 15
Yemen 578 12 8 42 74 46 19
Zambia 279 37 35 58 49 5 16
Memorandum item:
World 3372400 23 23 32 26 45 52
Note: Data are estimated for most countries. The improvement of the quality of data in recent years may have resulted in changes relating to the breakdown of exports of commercial services by category of
services. See the Metadata.
30
7. Foreign affiliates trade in services
Table I.25
Sales by foreign affiliates of resident companies - affiliates located abroad primarily engaged in services activities (outward FATS),
2003-2006

I
Value Annual percentage change
2003 2004 2005 2006 2000-03 2004 2005 2006
Australia a, b 24.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Austria b ... ... ... 29.6 ... ... ... ...
Belgium b, c 31.7 41.8 47.8 ... 31 32 14 ...
Canada d 70.6 74.8 81.8 98.0 -6 6 9 20
Czech Republic e 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.3 -3 58 139 28
Finland f ... 13.0 12.4 18.7 ... ... -4 51
France b, c, g 145.6 ... ... ... -12 ... ... ...
Germany ... ... 400.1 429.7 ... ... ... 7
Greece ... ... 3.5 ... ... ... ... ...
Hungary f ... 0.4 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Israel f ... 2.6 2.9 ... ... ... 14 ...
Italy ... ... 115.3 125.3 ... ... ... 9
Japan 40.3 44.5 53.5 57.3 ... 10 20 7
Latvia b, h ... ... ... 0.2 ... ... ... ...
Portugal b 5.6 7.1 9.9 12.8 2 27 40 29
Slovak Republic f ... ... 0.0 0.0 ... ... ... 17
United States 521.8 583.5 668.7 761.5 6 12 15 14
Excluding wholesale and retail trade and repair activities. Economies shown in italics exclude most or a large part of financial intermediation activities.
a Refers to fiscal year 2002-03 (July-June). Community, social and personal (except health), hotels and restaurants and communications services are not covered.
b Only includes affiliates directly owned.
c Classified under services according to actvity of parent company.
d Branches are excluded.
e Only the first level of indirect ownership is covered
f Community, social and personal services are not covered.
g Refers to 2002 value and annual percentage change for 2000-02.
h Only covers extra-EU (27) affiliates.
Note: Given the recent development of this statistical framework, comparability and coverage of data may not always be complete. See the Metadata.
31
Table I.26
Sales by affiliates of foreign companies - resident affiliates primarily engaged in services activities (inward FATS), 2003-2006

I 2003 2004 2005 2006 2000-03 2004 2005 2006
Austria a 24.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Belgium 25.0 28.2 28.9 ... ... 12 3 ...
Bulgaria b ... 2.5 2.9 ... ... ... 19 ...
Cyprus b, c ... 0.9 0.9 1.1 ... ... 8 14
Czech Republic 18.6 23.0 28.5 30.6 40 23 24 7
Denmark b, d, e 4.9 ... ... ... 29 ... ... ...
Estonia ... 1.6 2.1 2.4 ... ... 26 18
Finland 11.8 13.6 13.3 ... 35 15 -2 ...
France 102.6 128.8 148.0 161.4 ... 26 15 9
Germany ... ... 187.8 199.6 ... ... ... 6
Greece d 4.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Hong Kong, China f ... 83.1 91.6 114.0 ... ... 10 24
Hungary 9.5 11.8 12.9 17.5 ... 24 10 36
Ireland 16.6 18.7 26.7 33.2 ... 12 43 24
Israel b 4.0 4.2 5.9 ... ... 5 41 ...
Italy 60.4 71.9 77.8 ... ... 19 8 ...
Japan g, h 14.8 20.8 33.3 27.1 ... 40 60 -19
Latvia b 0.9 1.3 1.8 2.3 ... 45 35 32
Lithuania b ... 1.9 2.3 ... ... ... 23 ...
Netherlands a, b 33.2 ... 55.9 ... ... ... ... ...
New Zealand i 11.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Norway b 17.2 18.6 24.0 26.4 ... 8 29 10
Poland 6.9 9.0 11.3 19.3 ... 31 25 71
Portugal b 10.4 7.5 10.0 13.0 ... -28 33 30
Romania b 2.6 5.4 ... 10.1 ... 108 ... ...
Slovak Republic b ... 4.8 6.4 6.6 ... ... 34 2
Slovenia 0.8 1.2 ... ... ... 55 ... ...
Spain a, b 40.6 52.3 52.5 69.3 ... 29 0 32
Sweden 36.4 43.5 46.0 52.9 25 19 6 15
Trinidad and Tobago d 0.2 ... ... ... 29 ... ... ...
United Kingdom 174.8 222.1 253.3 283.6 ... 27 14 12
United States 416.0 425.7 460.5 563.5 1 2 8 22
Excluding wholesale and retail trade as well as repair activities. For economies shown in italics data exclude all or a large part of financial intermediation activities.
a Only direct control.
b Some or all community, social and personal services activities are not covered.
c Hotels and restaurants activities are not covered.
d Refers to 2002 value and annual percentage change for 2000-02.
e Transport, storage and communications activities are not covered.
f Includes other income.
g No estimation for non-response.
h Real estate activities are also not covered.
i Preliminary results based on 53 per cent of foreign affiliates.
Note : Given the recent development of this statistical framework, comparability and coverage of data may not always be complete. See the Metadata.
32
II.
MERCHANDISE TRADE BY PRODUCT

Summary of developments The Highlights
A devastating fourth quarter in 2008
but signs of improvement IN THIS CHAPTER :
Summary of developments
Up until the third quarter of 2008, exports of all product categories con- Primary commodities
tinued to experience the high growth that started back in 2003. In the fourth Fuel
quarter of 2008, however, practically all product categories registered abrupt
Food
declines, which worsened in the early months of 2009. World exports of
Manufactures
II
non-ferrous metals, automotive products and integrated circuits were hard-
est hit. However, initial data indicate a bottoming-out of the crisis in the Chemicals
second quarter of 2009. Iron and steel
Automotive products
Chart II.1 Quarterly developments by product category
Office and telecom
(Percentage change, year-on-year)
equipment
Pharmaceuticals
Clothing Clothing
Food
Telecom equip.
EDP and office equip.
Other chemicals
Raw materials
Integrated circuits
Iron and steel
Ores and other minerals
Fuels
Automotive products
Non-ferrous metals
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40
2008
2008 Q408Q4
2008 Q109Q1
2009
Despite the sudden and sharp

Chart II.2 World merchandise exports by product group, 2008
downturn in the fourth quarter of
2008, the year still ended with an
annual average growth of 33 per Fuels ($2862 bn)
Iron and steel ($587 bn)
cent for exports of fuels and mining Food ($1114 bn)
Ores and other minerals ($308 bn)
products (compared with 15.1 per Other chemicals ($1279 bn)
cent in 2007), growth of 18.9 per Pharmaceuticals ($427 bn)
Personal and household goods ($254 bn)
cent for agriculture (19.8 per cent Raw materials ($228 bn)
Clothing ($362 bn)
in 2007), and a relatively low growth Office and telecom equip. ($1561 bn)
rate (9.9 per cent) for manufactures Automotive products ($1234 bn)
Integrated circuits ($417 bn)
(15.3 per cent in 2007). Non-ferrous metals ($360 bn)
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Primary commodities
Severe price adjustments have taken place during the recession
Overall, exports of primary commodities went up by 28.8 per cent in value terms in 2008, far exceeding the 2007
increase (16.5 per cent). This gain came as a result of record increases in the prices of fuels and food in the first three
quarters of 2008 – products which jointly accounted for 82 per cent of world trade in primary commodities.
During the fourth quarter of 2008, the economic slowdown led to a decline in the export value of primary commodities.
This decline increased in the first quarter of 2009.
33
Growing demand in both industri-
Chart II.3 Prices of primary products
alized and emerging economies trig-
gered an unprecedented growth in
petroleum prices in the first three
Primary commodities
quarters of 2008. The price of crude
petroleum attained a record high in
Crude petroleum
July 2008 and despite a 36 per cent
year-on-year decline in the fourth quar- Minerals and non-ferrous
ter, prices increased by 36.4 per cent metals*
for the year. As a result, world exports

Food
of fuels expanded by 41 per cent in
value (Chart II.4) and lifted the share -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
of fuel in total merchandise exports to

2008 08 Jan-Sept. Q4 2008 Q1 2009
II 18.2 per cent – the highest level since
1984. Towards the end of the year, Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics
*Excluding petroleum
however, in response to the global fall
in demand, prices of all primary com-
modities, including food, plunged. On
a year-on-year basis,1 petroleum prices
dropped 53.7 per cent in the first quar- Chart II.4 Value of world exports of primary products
ter of 2009. Prices of minerals and (Percentage change, year-on-year)
non-ferrous metals plunged by 49.6
per cent. Fuels
Non-ferrous metals
The corresponding decline in price
of food was 23 per cent. As a result, in Ores and other minerals
the first quarter of 2009, world exports
Raw materials
of fuels and non-ferrous metals con-
tracted, in value terms, by an estimated Food
46 per cent and 50 per cent respec-
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
tively. The decline in the exports of food
was 16 per cent, as demand for food is 2008 08 Jan-Sept. Q4 2008 Q1 2009
less responsive to price changes.
Fuel
Many least-developed countries have suffered from high fuel prices
Strong fluctuations in fuel prices,

including price surges, created an addi- Fuel imports of selected African countries as a percentage
tional strain on the foreign exchange Chart II.5 of their total merchandise exports, 2000-08
positions of those least-developed (Percentage)
countries (LDCs) which rely on non- 140
oil merchandise exports. In 2008, for 120
example, Ethiopia’s foreign exchange 100
earnings from its merchandise exports 80

60
covered only 80 per cent of its fuel
40
imports. Whereas in 2002 48 per
20
cent of its merchandise exports earn-
0
ings covered all its imports of fuels. 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Senegal’s imports of fuels were the Uganda Senegal

equivalent of 83 per cent of its total Ethiopia Niger
merchandise export earnings in 2008.
1 Unless otherwise indicated, quarterly growth rates are on a year-on-year basis.
34
Food
Price of rice more than doubled in 2008

In 2008, prices of food increased by Africa's trade in food and fuels,
23.3 per cent, comparable only to 1974 Chart II.6 2000-08
when both demand and supply factors (Indices, 2000=100)
pushed prices up drastically. 450

400
350
World exports of food grew by 21.8 300
250
per cent in 2008. While food exporters
200
benefited – Thailand’s rice exports, for
example, increased 65 per cent and EU
150
100
II
50
exports of wheat outside the European 0
Union expanded by 180 per cent – the 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
burden became heavier on net-food Exports of food Imports of food Exports of fuels
importers.
In recent years, for example, Africa’s imports of food grew at a higher pace than its exports. In addition to surging
prices, supply and demand factors were among the reasons for the increasing gap. A number of African countries
are net-food importers because of limited arable land in relation to their populations. Others struggle to improve farm
practices and lack the capacity to purchase intermediate and capital goods to increase productivity and meet the needs
of their growing populations. Some countries are also confronted with adverse climatic conditions (e.g. recurrent drought)
and institutional difficulties. Few of them are capable of importing more food thanks to increased earnings from oil or
mineral sales.
Manufactures
China is the leading exporter
In 2008, China surpassed Germany

to become the world’s largest exporter
Major exporters of manufactures, of manufactured goods, although not
Chart II.7 2000-08
so far of total merchandise exports.
(Billion dollars)
Between 2000 and 2008, China’s
1600
1400
exports of manufactured goods grew
1200 at an annual average rate of 25.2 per
1000 cent, twice that of Germany. While EU
800
exports outside the European Union
600
400
still remain at the top of the list, the
200 gap with China has been constantly
0 narrowing (from 67 per cent in 2000
2000 2005 2006 2007 2008
to 15 per cent in 2008). On the import
China United States Extra-EU(27) side, the hierarchy of the three major
Japan Germany importers of manufactures – the United
States, Germany and China – has not
changed.
35
World exports of manufactures
declined by 11 per cent in the last
quarter of 2008 and 29 per cent in Chart II.8 Exports of manufactures
the first quarter of 2009. Of the ten (Percentage change, year-on-year)
major exporters, only China regis- World

tered a positive growth rate of 4.6 per European Union (27)
China
cent in the fourth quarter of 2008.
United States
During the first quarter of 2009, Japan
however, China recorded a 19.1 per Korea, Republic of
Hong Kong, China*
cent decline. Exports of the United Singapore*
States shrank by 4 per cent in the last Taipei, Chinese
Canada
quarter of 2008 and 20 per cent in
Mexico
the first quarter of 2009 while exports -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20
II of the European Union fell by 16.1
per cent and 31.4 per cent respec- 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009
tively. In the first quarter of 2009, * Includes significant re-exports

Japan and Chinese Taipei were the
hardest hit. They saw their exports
contract by 41.3 per cent and 38.4
per cent respectively.
Chemicals
Pharmaceuticals are the least affected
World exports of chemicals shrank

by 10 per cent in the last quarter of
2008 and 23 per cent in the first
Chart II.9 Leading exporters of chemicals quarter of 2009. The downturn for
(Percentage change, year-on-year) pharmaceutical products was less
abrupt than for other chemicals. In
World
European Union (27) the last quarter of 2008, pharma-
United States ceuticals were one of the rare prod-
China
Japan
ucts with a positive, though marginal,
Switzerland growth rate (1 per cent). Among all
Korea, Republic of
chemical products, they experienced
Canada
Singapore the lowest decline in the first quar-
Taipei, Chinese ter of 2009. In contrast, due to the
Russia
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
fall in demand in construction, auto-
motive and other industries, world
2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009 exports of other chemical products
contracted by 14 per cent in the
fourth quarter of 2008 and by a fur-
ther 31 per cent in the first quarter
of 2009.
36
Iron and steel
China surpasses EU exports outside the European Union

China exports of iron and steel products grew by an annual average of 41.6 per cent between 2000 and 2008,
surpassing EU exports outside the European Union.
As global demand in the con-

struction, automotive and other sec-
Chart II.10 Exports of iron and steel
tors declined, iron and steel did not
escape the impact of the global eco- (Percentage change, year-on-year)
nomic downturn. In the last quarter

of 2008, the decline was relatively
World
European Union (27)
II
China
modest (-5 per cent) as Japan, China, Japan
the Republic of Korea and the United Russia
Ukraine
States still registered substantial Korea, Republic of
increases in their exports. Exports of United States
the European Union, however, con- Turkey
Brazil
tracted by 17.3 per cent. During the Taipei, Chinese
first quarter of 2009, world exports -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
of iron and steel shrank by 40 per
2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009
cent. Exports of the European Union,
China and Ukraine dropped by 45.9
per cent, 44.6 per cent and 49.7 per
cent respectively.
Automotive products
Automotive products have suffered most
Automotive products were the hardest hit of all industries by the credit crunch and the recession. World exports in
value terms tumbled 24 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and 49 per cent in the first quarter of 2009.
Of the top ten major exporters of

automotive products, five recorded Chart II.11 Leading exporters of automotive products
more than 30 per cent declines in (Percentage change, year-on-year)
their exports in the last quarter of World

2008 and all but Mexico witnessed a Germany
Japan
decline of over 40 per cent in the first United States
quarter of 2009. Canada’s exports France
Spain
were the most affected, declining
Canada
by more than 20 per cent in 2008 Korea, Republic of
and falling by a further 54 per cent Belgium
Mexico
in the first quarter of 2009. Japan United Kingdom
fared better throughout 2008, post- -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10
ing an 8 per cent growth rate, but
subsequently recorded the sharpest 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009
decline in the first quarter of 2009.
37
Office and telecom equipment
Office and telecom equipment are also on decline

World exports of office and telecom equipment declined by 16 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2008 and slid by 29
per cent in the first quarter of 2009. Within this category, telecommunication equipment was the least affected, regis-
tering the highest year-on-year growth
in the first three quarters of 2008 and Chart II.12 World exports of office and telecom equipment, 2007-09
the lowest year-on-year declines in the (Indices, 2007 Y1=100)
last quarter of 2008 and first quar-
ter of 2009. As firms tend to reduce 140
their inventories during the onset of 120

II crises, trade in integrated circuits and
100
electronic components fell much more
sharply than trade in end-use products 80
at the end of 2008 and in early 2009.
60
Q1 2007 Q2 2007 Q3 2007 Q4 2007 Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009
In 2008, world exports of integrated
EDP and office equipment Telecom equipment Integrated circuits
circuits increased by only 1 per cent,
one of the lowest levels of performance
after automotive products. Trade within the EU, which accounts for nearly 60 per cent of EU exports, increased by 3 per
cent. Exports of the United States and Japan stagnated. China, the major importer, recorded only a 2 per cent growth
rate in 2008, in marked contrast to the 12 per cent rise in 2001 (the year of the dot-com bubble burst).
Chart II.13 Exports of office and telecom equipment by selected economies

China posted the strongest annual
World performance in office and telecom
Asian IT traders* equipment in 2008. During the last
China quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of
Japan 2009, China’s exports fell by 7 per cent
European Union (27) and 24 per cent respectively. Japan
Mexico and other Asian IT traders were on aver-
Canada age more seriously affected by the cri-
United States sis than European and North American
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 economies. Mexico’s exports, which
2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009
comprise mainly telecom equipment,
declined by 11 per cent in early 2009.
World excludes Hong Kong, China re-exports
*Asian IT traders include Singapore, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Chinese Taipei, Thailand and Philippines
Performance of main developing economy exporters

Chart II.14 of office and telecom equipment
China’s exports performed above- 61% Philippines
average in all three components of the 66% Taipei, Chinese
Integrated circuits
office and telecom equipment category. and electronic 58% Singapore
components
10% China
Other developing economy exporters
Others
experienced further weakening of their
74% Mexico
exports for products in which they did
51% Indonesia
not have a clear export specialization. South Korea
Telecom 43%
They showed more resilience in sectors equipment
42% China
in which they are relatively specialized. Others
52% Thailand
EDP and office
equipment 48% China
Others
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 Product's share

in economy's total
exports of OT
2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009 equipment, 2007
38
Clothing
Clothing is showing resistance to downward trends

Chart II.15 Clothing exports of China by destination, 2000 and 2008
(Percentage)
Others 40% Others 32%
EU(27)
12%
EU(27)
CIS 13% 25%
CIS 3%
United States
13% II
Japan 15%
Japan 32%
United States
15%
2000 2008
Among all exports, clothing is one of the least-affected so far, showing a mere 2.1 per cent decline in the fourth
quarter of 2008. Growth during January-September 2008 was modest, resulting in exports expanding by 4.6 per cent
in 2008. China, which accounted for 33 per cent of world exports, saw its exports expand by only 4 per cent in 2008,
far below the 20.8 per cent growth registered in 2007. With the expiry of the European Union’s growth caps on ten
categories of textiles and clothing imports from China, exports to the European Union surged by 37 per cent.
Between 2000 and 2008, the least-

Chart II.16 Leading exporters of clothing developed countries (LDCs) benefiting
(Percentage change, year-on-year) from preferential market access increased
World
their share in the EU clothing market from
China 8.3 per cent to 9.1 per cent. Ninety-nine
European Union (27)
per cent of EU imports from the LDCs orig-
Hong Kong, China*
Turkey inated from five countries – Bangladesh
Bangladesh (81.5 per cent), Cambodia (9.5 per cent),
India
Viet Nam
Madagascar (3.7 per cent), Myanmar (2.5
Indonesia per cent) and Laos (1.9 per cent).
Mexico
United States
For the United States, the second
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
major clothing market after the Euro-
2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009 pean Union, imports shrank by 2.8 per
cent. Imports from China, its major sup-
* Includes significant re-exports
plier, nearly stagnated at previous year
levels. Imports from Viet Nam and Bang-
ladesh increased by 19.8 per cent and 11 per cent respectively. Imports from LDCs increased by 3 per cent, with LDCs
increasing their share in the clothing market of the United States from 6.4 per cent in 2000 to 8.8 per cent in 2008.
Bangladesh, Cambodia, Haiti, Lesotho and Madagascar dominated, accounting for 98.9 per cent of this market share.
In the last quarter of 2008, exports from China increased by 10.9 per cent and started to decline only during the first
quarter of 2009, by a modest 5 per cent. This contributed to the relatively better performance of world trade in clothing
compared with other sectors. In contrast, the European Union saw its exports drop by 10.3 per cent in the last quarter
of 2008 and further contracted by another 18.1 per cent during the first quarter of 2009. Turkey was particularly hard
hit as its exports shrank by 23.7 per cent and 27.2 per cent consecutively over the same period.
EU imports from outside the European Union declined moderately by 2.7 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and
by 9.4 per cent in the first quarter of 2009. The corresponding declines in the imports of the United States were
practically of the same magnitude: down by 2.2 per cent during the last quarter of 2008 and down by 10 per cent in
the first quarter of 2009. US imports from its major suppliers (China, Viet Nam, Indonesia and Bangladesh) increased
in both quarters. Imports from Bangladesh in particular expanded substantially, by 18.4 per cent and 12.9 per cent
respectively during the last quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009. Imports of the European Union from China
and Bangladesh increased respectively by 19.7 per cent and 13 per cent in the last quarter of 2008 and by a further
3 per cent and 6.9 per cent in the first quarter of 2009. Imports from other countries, especially Turkey, Tunisia and
Morocco, shrank considerably in both quarters.
39
40
1. Overview
Table II. 1
World merchandise exports by major product group, 2008

Agricultural Fuels and mining

products products Manufactures
Office and
Iron and telecom Automotive
Total Fuels Total steel Chemicals equipment products Textiles Clothing
Value 1342 3530 2862 10458 587 1705 1561 1234 250 362
Share in world merchandise trade 8.5 22.5 18.2 66.5 3.7 10.9 9.9 7.8 1.6 2.3
Annual percentage change II
1980-85 -2 -5 -5 2 -2 1 9 5 -1 4
1985-90 9 3 0 15 9 14 18 14 15 18
1990-95 7 2 1 9 8 10 15 8 8 8
1995-00 -1 10 12 5 -2 4 10 5 0 5
2000-08 12 19 20 11 19 14 6 10 6 8
2006 11 28 23 13 18 13 14 11 8 12
2007 20 15 13 15 27 19 4 18 9 12
2008 19 33 41 10 23 15 3 3 4 5
41
Table II.2
World merchandise exports by major product group and region, 2008

Agricultural Fuels and mining

products products Manufactures
Iron Office and
and telecom Automotive
Total Fuels Total steel Chemicals equipment products Textiles Clothing
World 1341.6 3530.2 2861.9 10458.1 587.2 1705.4 1561.4 1233.5 250.2 361.9
Share in total exports 8.5 22.5 18.2 66.5 3.7 10.9 9.9 7.8 1.6 2.3
Annual percentage change
2000-2008 12 19 20 11 19 14 6 10 6 8
II 2007 20 15 13 15 27 19 4 18 9 12
2008 19 33 41 10 23 15 3 3 4 5
North America 212.1 345.9 253.4 1389.2 35.5 228.9 208.1 209.4 16.5 10.7
2000-2008 8 18 18 5 15 11 0 4 1 -7
2007 18 17 14 8 16 15 3 8 -2 -15
2008 19 34 47 5 32 15 2 -5 -3 -3
South and Central America 156.9 255.8 163.3 172.6 21.8 36.9 6.0 23.1 3.8 12.4
2000-2008 15 18 17 11 16 16 4 15 8 1
2007 23 12 6 14 18 16 -14 10 22 1
2008 25 25 39 12 13 22 1 11 13 -2
Europe 602.6 767.9 552.0 4953.6 263.8 992.7 414.6 676.9 92.1 130.5
2000-2008 12 18 19 11 18 14 5 11 5 9
2007 19 13 9 17 28 19 -6 20 11 15
2008 16 26 40 9 15 13 1 2 -1 6
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 47.7 470.0 416.9 174.8 66.8 41.3 1.9 8.1 2.4 2.0
2000-2008 17 24 27 19 22 20 17 19 8 6
2007 34 18 18 25 25 25 34 36 12 8
2008 20 39 44 32 40 46 27 9 11 9
Africa 37.9 393.9 349.7 99.9 12.1 20.8 2.6 7.6 2.3 12.0
2000-2008 10 21 21 13 18 19 12 21 6 7
2007 13 18 17 17 23 24 2 6 9 20
2008 17 31 33 23 19 55 6 42 0 4
Middle East 24.2 756.5 740.6 220.3 6.3 59.3 18.5 18.4 9.3 6.0
2000-2008 16 18 18 17 27 22 9 27 7 11
2007 18 13 13 24 7 19 6 69 17 5
2008 35 38 38 24 28 51 30 -8 10 3
Asia 260.0 540.2 386.1 3447.8 180.9 325.5 909.8 289.9 123.9 188.3
2000-2008 13 21 21 12 22 16 9 12 8 10
2007 20 18 16 16 32 21 10 18 8 13
2008 22 36 51 11 29 13 3 9 9 5
42
Table II.3 Table II.4
Share of agricultural products in trade in total merchandise Share of fuels and mining products in trade in total
and in primary products by region, 2008 merchandise and in primary products by region, 2008
(Percentage) (Percentage)

Exports Imports Exports Imports
Share in total merchandise Share in total merchandise
World 8.5 8.5 World 22.5 22.5
North America 10.4 6.1 North America 17.0 23.1
South and Central America 26.2 9.3 South and Central America 42.7 21.1
Europe 9.3 9.4 Europe 11.9 19.4
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 6.8 10.7 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 66.9 12.6
Africa 6.8 14.2 Africa 70.6 16.5
Middle East 2.4 11.2 Middle East 74.1 9.6
Asia
Share in primary products
6.0 7.6 Asia
Share in primary products
12.4 30.8
II
World 27.5 27.5 World 72.5 72.5
Europe 44.0 32.6 Europe 56.0 67.4
Africa 8.8 46.2 Africa 91.2 53.8
Asia 32.5 19.7 Asia 67.5 80.3
Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product
and region. and region.
Share of fuels in trade in total merchandise and in primary Share of manufactures in total merchandise trade by region,
products by region, 2008 2008

World 18.2 18.2 World 66.5 66.5
Europe 8.6 15.2
Europe 76.8 69.2
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 59.3 10.4
Africa 62.7 13.8
Middle East 72.5 7.3 Africa 17.9 66.2
Asia 8.9 24.3 Middle East 21.6 75.9
Share in primary products Asia 79.2 59.4
World 58.7 58.7 Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product
North America 45.4 69.4 and region.
South and Central America 39.6 61.4
Europe 40.3 52.8
Africa 81.0 44.9
Middle East 94.8 35.1
Asia 48.2 63.5
Note: Import shares are derived from the Secretariat's network of world merchandise trade by product
and region.
43
Share of iron and steel in trade in total merchandise and in Share of chemicals in trade in total merchandise and in
manufactures by region, 2008 manufactures by region, 2008

World 3.7 3.7 World 10.9 10.9
Europe 4.1 3.9 Europe 15.4 12.9
Africa 2.2 5.0 Africa 3.7 9.6
II Asia
Share in manufactures
4.2 3.5 Asia
Share in manufactures
7.5 9.3
World 5.6 5.6 World 16.3 16.3

Europe 5.3 5.7 Europe 20.0 18.6
Africa 12.1 7.5 Africa 20.9 14.5
Asia 5.2 5.8 Asia 9.4 15.7
Share of office and telecom equipment in trade in total Share of automotive products in trade in total merchandise
merchandise and in manufactures by region, 2008 and in manufactures by region, 2008

World 9.9 9.9 World 7.8 7.8
Europe 6.4 8.1 Europe 10.5 8.8
Asia 20.9 14.4 Asia 6.7 3.0
Australia, Japan and New Zealand 10.7 9.3 Australia, Japan and New Zealand 17.6 4.5
Other Asia 23.9 16.0 Other Asia 3.4 2.6
Share in manufactures Share in manufactures
World 14.9 14.9 World 11.8 11.8
Europe 8.4 11.8 Europe 13.7 12.7
Asia 26.4 24.3 Asia 8.4 5.1
44
Share of textiles in trade in total merchandise and in Share of clothing in trade in total merchandise and in
manufactures by region, 2008 manufactures by region, 2008


World 1.6 1.6 World 2.3 2.3
Asia
Australia, Japan and New Zealand
2.8
0.8
1.6
1.1
Asia
Australia, Japan and New Zealand
4.3
0.1
1.2
3.1
II
Share in manufactures Share in manufactures
World 2.4 2.4 World 3.5 3.5
Asia 3.6 2.7 Asia 5.5 2.0
45
2. Agricultural products
Table II.13
Exports of agricultural products of regions by destination, 2008

Value Share in region's exports Share in world exports Annual percentage change
2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
World 1341.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 12 20 19

Europe
World 602.6 100.0 100.0 44.3 44.9 12 19 16
Europe 485.0 79.0 80.5 35.0 36.2 12 20 15
Asia 31.2 6.1 5.2 2.7 2.3 10 14 16
II North America 23.7 5.4 3.9 2.4 1.8 8 7 -1
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 21.0 2.0 3.5 0.9 1.6 20 26 27
Africa 20.6 3.3 3.4 1.4 1.5 13 24 35
Middle East 14.2 2.5 2.3 1.1 1.1 11 15 29
South and Central America 5.6 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.4 8 17 22
Asia
World 260.0 100.0 100.0 18.3 19.4 13 20 22
Asia 142.5 60.8 54.8 11.2 10.6 11 18 19
Europe 40.6 15.2 15.6 2.8 3.0 13 20 19
North America 32.7 13.8 12.6 2.5 2.4 11 12 15
Middle East 18.4 4.5 7.1 0.8 1.4 19 30 54
Africa 13.6 2.7 5.2 0.5 1.0 22 38 40
North America
World 212.1 100.0 100.0 20.9 15.8 8 18 19
North America 83.9 42.6 39.6 8.9 6.3 7 9 12
Asia 70.0 31.6 33.0 6.6 5.2 9 21 26
Europe 22.8 13.7 10.7 2.9 1.7 5 17 10
Africa 8.8 2.8 4.1 0.6 0.7 13 61 24
Middle East 7.0 2.7 3.3 0.6 0.5 11 46 40
South and Central America
World 156.9 100.0 100.0 9.6 11.7 15 23 25
Europe 49.2 33.9 31.4 3.2 3.7 13 27 21
Asia 33.0 15.8 21.0 1.5 2.5 19 31 31
North America 21.5 22.0 13.7 2.1 1.6 8 8 6
Africa 9.5 3.0 6.0 0.3 0.7 25 23 31
Middle East 8.1 3.9 5.2 0.4 0.6 19 23 27
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
World 47.7 100.0 100.0 2.4 3.6 17 34 20
Europe 13.9 32.1 29.0 0.8 1.0 16 31 29
Asia 10.7 29.2 22.4 0.7 0.8 14 21 7
Middle East 3.7 2.2 7.7 0.1 0.3 37 49 47
Africa 2.7 1.7 5.7 0.0 0.2 37 135 -6
North America 0.7 3.2 1.4 0.1 0.1 6 7 -14
South and Central America 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 14 -33 269
Africa
World 37.9 100.0 100.0 3.2 2.8 10 13 17
Europe 18.1 50.1 47.7 1.6 1.3 9 11 14
Africa 7.9 18.5 20.7 0.6 0.6 12 17 24
Asia 6.1 17.9 16.1 0.6 0.5 9 5 15
Middle East 2.1 5.3 5.5 0.2 0.2 11 9 36
North America 2.0 5.3 5.4 0.2 0.2 10 -2 24
Middle East
World 24.2 100.0 100.0 1.3 1.8 16 18 35
Middle East 15.6 57.1 64.3 0.7 1.2 18 20 43
Europe 2.6 21.3 10.7 0.3 0.2 7 22 0
Africa 1.8 3.5 7.6 0.0 0.1 28 29 28
Asia 1.8 8.4 7.3 0.1 0.1 14 -12 17
North America 0.5 2.7 2.1 0.0 0.0 13 28 17
46
Table II.14
Imports of agricultural products of selected economies by origin, 2008

Canada a United States
2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 31243 100.0 9 14 11 World 115908 100.0 7 6 6
North America 19818 63.4 8 16 13 North America 41089 35.5 5 5 4
Asia 3904 12.5 12 13 10 Asia 29656 25.6 10 8 15
Europe 3858 12.3 9 14 8 Europe 21317 18.4 7 7 -1
South and Central America 2918 9.3 11 11 9 South and Central America 20726 17.9 7 5 5 II
Africa 556 1.8 12 6 21 Africa 2155 1.9 8 -5 22
CIS 116 0.4 10 -7 -3 CIS 607 0.5 5 7 -15
Middle East 73 0.2 7 18 -5 Middle East 358 0.3 6 18 -10
Economy Economy
United States 18562 59.4 8 14 13 Canada 28254 24.4 3 3 3
European Union (27) 3546 11.4 10 13 7 European Union (27) 19529 16.8 7 6 -2
Mexico 1169 3.7 19 43 2 Mexico 12833 11.1 9 8 6
China 1069 3.4 21 16 5 China 6531 5.6 19 13 11
Brazil 741 2.4 11 8 2 Brazil 4364 3.8 8 6 3
Above 5 25087 80.3 - - - Above 5 71511 61.7 - - -
Thailand 618 2.0 9 19 18 Thailand 4224 3.6 5 4 17
Chile 588 1.9 15 14 13 Indonesia 4155 3.6 13 6 29
Australia 413 1.3 5 2 -2 Chile 3991 3.4 8 -1 1
New Zealand 322 1.0 8 18 -3 Australia 2467 2.1 4 5 -11
Indonesia 304 1.0 13 -3 29 Malaysia 2204 1.9 21 27 53
Colombia 280 0.9 7 -8 8 Colombia 2044 1.8 6 4 13
India 227 0.7 11 1 21 New Zealand 1914 1.7 4 -2 1
Guatemala 225 0.7 10 6 17 India 1728 1.5 5 1 24
Costa Rica 213 0.7 11 12 10 Viet Nam 1633 1.4 15 18 11
Argentina 195 0.6 7 27 6 Ecuador 1566 1.4 6 2 6
Peru 184 0.6 16 8 30 Guatemala 1551 1.3 8 16 22
Malaysia 173 0.6 14 56 1 Costa Rica 1478 1.3 4 7 -2
Viet Nam 171 0.5 15 12 12 Argentina 1367 1.2 6 4 10
Ecuador 159 0.5 9 21 24 Philippines 1342 1.2 8 8 23
South Africa 155 0.5 7 1 13 Peru 1091 0.9 17 11 13
Côte d'Ivoire 124 0.4 17 -15 38 Japan 1054 0.9 5 9 12
Switzerland 114 0.4 15 8 24 Korea, Republic of 793 0.7 8 3 19
Korea, Republic of 114 0.4 11 7 35 Honduras 793 0.7 6 16 10
Turkey 111 0.4 21 49 3 Switzerland 754 0.7 16 53 78
Russian Federation 109 0.3 9 -8 0 Côte d'Ivoire 733 0.6 12 -6 45
Philippines 105 0.3 11 6 19 Dominican Republic 623 0.5 4 0 -1
Morocco 95 0.3 11 39 -1 Russian Federation 547 0.5 5 6 -17
Japan 89 0.3 6 12 6 Turkey 535 0.5 9 18 -12
Canada b 82 0.3 ... 8 22 Nicaragua 524 0.5 10 15 23
Honduras 56 0.2 23 28 36 Norway 282 0.2 3 27 -22
Nigeria 50 0.2 33 51 42 South Africa 275 0.2 1 -8 -3
Norway 47 0.2 0 21 -7 El Salvador 273 0.2 4 31 24
Nicaragua 39 0.1 15 55 15 Israel 233 0.2 6 8 0
Singapore 36 0.1 15 27 84 Singapore 185 0.2 4 25 9
El Salvador 34 0.1 13 -75 392 Fiji 183 0.2 20 13 4
Hong Kong, China 32 0.1 -1 -5 12 Panama 172 0.1 1 -4 -3
Pakistan 29 0.1 17 5 83 Uruguay 155 0.1 5 8 -61
Jamaica 28 0.1 3 13 5 Morocco 153 0.1 11 20 16
Uruguay 25 0.1 -8 111 -69 Bangladesh 153 0.1 0 -15 -13
Above 40 30729 98.4 - - - Above 40 113305 97.8 - - -
47
Table II.14 (continued)
Imports of agricultural products of selected economies by origin, 2008

European Union (27) Japan

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 611746 100.0 12 21 15 World 80627 100.0 3 5 17
Europe 458649 75.0 12 20 15 Asia 31561 39.1 3 1 11
South and Central America 54995 9.0 13 28 19 North America 28784 35.7 3 8 27
Asia 40425 6.6 12 19 20 Europe 10169 12.6 5 11 15
II Africa 23126 3.8 9 19 10 South and Central America 6372 7.9 6 6 21
North America 21305 3.5 4 16 10 CIS 1971 2.4 0 8 -7
CIS 9840 1.6 13 25 21 Africa 1582 2.0 2 3 7
Economy Economy
European Union (27) 438693 71.7 12 21 15 United States 21697 26.9 2 9 27
Brazil 21797 3.6 14 37 12 European Union (27) 8873 11.0 5 11 13
United States 15751 2.6 4 16 12 China 7971 9.9 2 -4 -10
Argentina 12625 2.1 16 30 38 Canada 6321 7.8 3 4 31
China 8040 1.3 16 27 13 Australia 5987 7.4 5 3 12
Above 5 496906 81.2 - - - Above 5 50850 63.1 - - -
Indonesia 5914 1.0 14 13 43 Thailand 4616 5.7 6 -2 31
Norway 5337 0.9 8 11 5 Brazil 2727 3.4 11 6 47
Turkey 5075 0.8 12 9 9 Indonesia 2449 3.0 5 5 24
Russian Federation 4750 0.8 8 21 -3 Chile 2086 2.6 5 3 6
Switzerland 4622 0.8 14 26 19 Russian Federation 1922 2.4 0 7 -6
Thailand 4571 0.7 12 26 25 Korea, Republic of 1653 2.1 -2 0 23
Chile 4509 0.7 15 22 13 Malaysia 1585 2.0 6 18 25
Canada 4360 0.7 2 15 0 New Zealand 1539 1.9 3 7 10
Malaysia 4034 0.7 13 12 20 Philippines 1313 1.6 6 8 30
Ukraine 3899 0.6 30 38 91 Viet Nam 1260 1.6 9 -1 16
India 3704 0.6 12 23 28 India 1076 1.3 3 8 50
South Africa 3502 0.6 10 21 9 Taipei, Chinese 1075 1.3 -2 -5 11
Côte d'Ivoire 3320 0.5 9 20 22 Mexico 769 1.0 7 13 21
New Zealand 3169 0.5 8 7 6 South Africa 625 0.8 4 -4 -2
Viet Nam 3052 0.5 23 37 20 Norway 615 0.8 -1 13 30
Ecuador 2978 0.5 16 20 27 Singapore 506 0.6 7 17 34
Morocco 2969 0.5 12 26 5 Colombia 369 0.5 6 -4 33
Colombia 2772 0.5 11 20 23 Argentina 321 0.4 3 73 -23
Australia 2363 0.4 2 4 -3 Peru 231 0.3 9 -1 -5
Peru 1931 0.3 15 18 13 Turkey 196 0.2 13 26 13
Costa Rica 1923 0.3 11 24 8 Switzerland 192 0.2 22 66 124
Ghana 1698 0.3 17 26 24 Morocco 170 0.2 -7 18 16
Iceland 1564 0.3 7 11 -6 Ecuador 149 0.2 -5 -13 11
Israel 1519 0.2 7 26 -12 Guatemala 148 0.2 7 4 52
Kenya 1514 0.2 10 11 15 Iceland 129 0.2 -1 1 8
Uruguay 1479 0.2 21 18 76 Mauritania 111 0.1 4 4 9
Cameroon 1367 0.2 7 16 8 Hong Kong, China 110 0.1 9 102 117
Mexico 1183 0.2 12 26 24 Myanmar 109 0.1 4 5 -13
Philippines 985 0.2 11 15 28 Sri Lanka 105 0.1 -2 -4 -2
Tunisia 946 0.2 12 -9 11 Paraguay 92 0.1 21 28 179
Croatia 923 0.2 15 4 -2 Tanzania 91 0.1 10 -2 68
Serbia 842 0.1 ... 19 -2 Greenland 82 0.1 -2 2 28
Egypt 825 0.1 16 29 0 Nigeria 77 0.1 22 -28 212
Japan 779 0.1 7 21 15 Uruguay 76 0.1 6 -34 65
Nigeria 723 0.1 13 24 16 Tunisia 63 0.1 23 32 35
Above 40 592010 96.8 - - - Above 40 79489 98.6 - - -
48
Table II.15
Leading exporters and importers of agricultural products, 2008

Value Share in world exports/imports Annual percentage change
2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
Exporters
European Union (27) 566.32 - - 41.8 42.2 12 10 19 15
extra-EU (27) exports 127.63 - - 10.1 9.5 11 13 16 17
United States 139.97 17.0 14.3 12.9 10.4 9 12 23 23
Brazil 61.40 3.4 2.4 2.8 4.6 19 13 22 27
Canada 54.08 5.0 5.4 6.3 4.0 6 7 10 11
China 42.29 1.5 2.4 3.0 3.2 13 13 19 9
Argentina
Indonesia
37.50
32.86
1.9
1.6
1.8
1.0
2.2
1.4
2.8
2.4
15
20
11
27
35
33
30
38
II
Thailand 31.66 1.2 1.9 2.2 2.4 13 21 16 27
Malaysia 27.80 2.0 1.8 1.5 2.1 17 16 32 35
Australia 26.14 3.3 2.9 3.0 1.9 6 5 1 17
Russian Federation 25.02 - - 1.4 1.9 16 19 37 6
India 21.37 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.6 17 22 32 29
New Zealand 17.90 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 11 2 21 12
Mexico 17.56 0.8 0.8 1.6 1.3 9 15 8 13
Chile 15.61 0.4 0.7 1.2 1.2 12 14 19 14
Above 15 1117.47 - - 83.6 83.3 - - - -
Importers
European Union (27) 611.75 - - 42.4 43.3 12 9 21 15
extra-EU (27) imports 173.05 - - 13.2 12.2 10 9 21 15
United States 115.91 8.7 9.0 11.5 8.2 7 8 6 6
China 86.83 2.1 1.8 3.3 6.1 20 14 27 33
Japan 80.63 9.6 11.5 10.4 5.7 3 -1 5 17
Russian Federation a 34.27 - - 1.5 2.4 18 22 15 27
Canada b 31.24 1.8 2.0 2.6 2.2 9 13 14 11
Korea, Republic of 26.36 1.5 2.2 2.1 1.9 9 11 18 20
Mexico b 25.92 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.8 11 12 19 18
Hong Kong, China 16.50 - - - - 4 7 13 23
retained imports 10.46 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.7 6 7 10 22
Saudi Arabia a 15.86 1.5 0.8 0.9 1.1 14 8 26 27
United Arab Emirates a 14.64 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.0 18 22 28 30
Malaysia 13.36 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.9 14 17 25 26
Indonesia 13.31 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.9 11 2 40 27
Turkey 13.04 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.9 15 12 35 33
Taipei, Chinese 12.55 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.9 6 2 12 16
Above 15 1106.12 - - 82.0 78.3 - - - -
a Includes Secretariat estimates.

b Imports are valued f.o.b.
49
Table II.16
Exports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2008

Share in economy's total

Value merchandise exports
1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World 414723 | 551827 942353 1128734 1341564 8.8 8.5
Argentina 7482 11954 21351 28806 37502 45.4 53.1
Australia 11875 16446 22178 22399 26143 25.7 13.9
Belarus - 761 1844 2231 2637 10.4 8.0
Brazil 9779 15464 39528 48287 61400 28.1 31.0
Cameroon b 695 438 1011 1099 1142 23.9 26.2
Canada 22339 34789 44208 48726 54075 12.6 11.8
Chile 2779 6399 11490 13632 15605 33.3 23.5
II China 10060 16384 32542 38858 42291 6.6 3.0
Colombia 2514 3106 4922 5858 6693 23.8 17.8
Costa Rica 927 1812 2372 2878 3353 30.9 34.7
Côte d'Ivoire b 2374 2308 3508 3898 4785 59.4 47.4
Croatia ... 595 1520 1732 1848 13.4 13.1
Ecuador 1236 1948 3945 4245 5232 39.5 28.3
Egypt b 669 613 1105 1528 2929 13.1 11.5
Ethiopia 260 406 908 1034 1370 83.5 85.5
European Union (27) - 230390 411024 490867 566324 9.4 9.6
intra-EU (27) exports - 174774 316888 381984 438693 10.5 11.0
extra-EU (27) exports - 55616 94136 108883 127631 7.1 6.6
Ghana b ... 621 1760 2159 2602 37.2 49.3
Guatemala 849 1618 | 2229 2843 3233 60.0 41.8
Honduras b 680 782 1133 1300 1607 23.4 26.6
Hong Kong, China 4556 5693 4688 5481 6743 2.8 1.8
domestic exports 821 454 576 652 704 1.9 4.1
re-exports 3735 5240 4113 4826 6039 2.9 1.7
Iceland 1274 1257 1857 2083 2079 66.1 38.6
India 3506 5931 12499 16523 21372 14.0 12.0
Indonesia 4154 7764 17907 23805 32857 11.9 23.6
Iran, Islamic Rep. of b 601 932 2911 3512 3577 3.2 3.2
Israel 1327 1182 1799 2253 2114 3.8 3.5
Japan 3298 4395 6482 7565 8351 0.9 1.1
Kenya 559 1062 1898 2231 2776 61.3 55.8
Korea, Republic of 2985 4298 5346 6319 7636 2.5 1.8
Malawi b 382 342 454 617 680 90.2 88.3
Malaysia 7500 8015 15573 20515 27797 8.2 13.9
Mexico 3466 9100 14468 15589 17558 5.5 6.0
Morocco 1228 1746 2629 3009 3279 23.5 16.3
New Zealand 5966 7642 13235 16045 17902 57.6 58.5
Nicaragua 295 547 843 976 1207 84.8 81.1
Norway 3077 4244 6604 7508 8876 7.1 5.1
Pakistan 1081 1234 2210 2327 3901 13.7 19.2
Panama 263 580 862 937 959 67.5 81.3
Paraguay 863 699 1582 2376 4012 80.4 90.5
Peru 789 1911 3812 4184 5265 27.2 16.9
Philippines 1683 2026 2830 3237 3961 5.1 8.1
Russian Federation - 7527 17192 23565 25021 7.1 5.3
Serbia ... ... 1372 1822 2100 ... 19.1
Serbia and Montenegro ... 389 ... ... ... 22.6 20.1
Singapore 4095 3723 | 5088 5981 7181 2.7 2.1
domestic exports 1183 1202 | 2359 2416 3149 1.5 1.8
re-exports 2912 2521 | 2730 3565 4031 4.3 2.5
South Africa 1691 3227 5022 5573 7037 10.8 8.7
Sri Lanka b 758 1093 1695 2049 2345 20.1 27.7
Switzerland 2244 2521 | 4693 5993 7634 3.1 3.8
Syrian Arab Republic b 767 621 | 2133 2542 1499 13.4 10.5
Taipei, Chinese 3732 3509 4360 4557 4985 2.4 1.9
Tanzania b ... 432 744 889 943 65.9 31.1
Thailand 7786 12220 21552 24960 31662 17.7 17.8
Tunisia 418 548 1456 1516 1807 9.4 9.4
Turkey 3300 3828 8364 9488 11204 13.8 8.5
Uganda ... 292 598 825 1006 63.4 46.1
Ukraine - 1585 5132 6828 11334 10.9 16.9
United Arab Emirates b 501 2818 4786 5502 7788 5.7 3.4
United States 59404 71408 92644 113697 139967 9.1 10.9
Uruguay 1025 1278 2566 2864 4129 55.7 69.4
Viet Nam b ... 3954 9304 11331 13922 27.3 22.1
a Or nearest year.
b Includes Secretariat estimates.
50
Table II.17
Imports of agricultural products of selected economies, 1990-2008

Value merchandise imports
1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 2766 2815 4506 6103 9098 30.7 23.0
Argentina 326 1644 1396 2225 3242 6.5 5.6
Australia b 2735 4234 7268 8919 10436 5.9 5.4
Bangladesh c, d 835 1716 3720 5322 6822 19.3 28.6
Belarus - 1227 2244 2487 3419 14.2 8.7
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 986 1970 3277 4487 7956 13.5 16.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina ... ... 1378 1659 2083 ... 17.0
Brazil e 2690 4762 5487 7266 9690 8.5 5.6
Canada b 9009 15272 24562 28080 31243 6.4 7.7 II
Chile 461 1421 2653 3442 4554 7.7 7.4
China 7855 19544 51653 65368 86830 8.7 7.7
Colombia 593 1736 2704 3470 4542 15.0 11.5
Côte d'Ivoire ... 453 1038 1202 1597 16.3 22.3
Croatia ... 777 2023 2342 2820 9.9 9.2
Cuba d ... 826 1556 ... ... 17.1 16.4
Dominican Republic b, d 413 964 1336 1697 2052 10.2 12.7
Ecuador 206 423 985 1289 1682 11.4 9.0
Egypt d 4793 4208 4733 6242 9520 30.0 19.7
El Salvador d 158 692 983 1377 1603 14.0 16.4
European Union (27) f - 253703 441170 532091 611746 9.8 9.8
extra-EU (27) imports - 78952 124310 150107 173053 8.6 7.6
Guatemala 196 673 | 1379 1689 2008 14.1 13.8
Hong Kong, China 8325 11728 11904 13429 16502 5.5 4.2
retained imports 4591 6488 7792 8603 10463 18.6 22.1
India 1721 3953 7761 9730 11789 7.7 4.0
Indonesia 2126 5727 7487 10473 13312 13.1 10.6
Iran, Islamic Rep. of d 3830 2943 4270 5196 7846 21.2 13.7
Israel 1565 2288 3253 4018 5059 6.1 7.5
Japan 50762 62185 65594 68817 80627 16.4 10.6
Jordan 709 942 1671 2200 3043 20.5 18.0
Kazakhstan - 506 1849 2522 3174 10.0 8.4
Kuwait 589 1312 2373 2906 4135 18.3 16.6
Lebanon b, d ... 1210 1607 2050 2307 19.4 13.8
Malaysia 2404 4610 8505 10612 13355 5.6 8.5
Mexico b 5374 10989 18462 21901 25920 6.3 8.4
Morocco 1096 1941 2832 4691 5782 16.8 13.8
New Zealand 756 1204 2329 2841 3396 8.7 9.9
Nigeria d 658 1212 4265 6773 10516 13.9 25.2
Norway 2090 2956 5241 6770 8353 8.6 9.4
Oman 506 1158 1230 1644 2614 22.6 11.4
Pakistan 1568 1882 4131 4518 7103 17.3 16.8
Peru d 668 998 1795 2466 3608 13.5 12.0
Philippines 1665 3104 4073 4671 6948 8.4 11.5
Russian Federation d - 9262 23377 26884 34266 20.7 11.7
Saudi Arabia d 3487 5663 9851 12445 15861 18.7 13.8
Senegal d 372 394 917 1292 1778 25.9 31.2
Singapore 4702 4890 | 6985 8370 10020 3.6 3.1
retained imports 1789 2369 | 4255 4805 5989 3.1 3.8
South Africa b 1219 1650 3687 4832 5364 6.2 6.1
Sri Lanka d 549 934 1333 1509 2022 13.0 14.4
Sudan ... 376 1090 545 1261 24.2 13.8
Switzerland 5920 5693 8854 10387 12325 6.9 6.7
Syrian Arab Republic d 791 850 | 1810 2176 3468 22.3 18.9
Taipei, Chinese 6203 7899 9659 10847 12554 5.6 5.2
Thailand 3230 4484 7347 8446 11668 7.2 6.5
Tunisia 819 968 1574 2298 2985 11.3 12.1
Turkey 2806 4133 7286 9812 13037 7.6 6.5
Ukraine - 1092 3574 4584 6995 7.8 8.2
United Arab Emirates d 1726 3857 8811 11295 14643 11.0 8.8
United States 39966 69115 103648 109572 115908 5.5 5.3
Viet Nam d 236 1269 4411 5870 7714 8.1 9.6
Yemen ... ... 1549 2183 2473 ... 24.8
a Or nearest year.
c Figures refer to fiscal year.
d Includes Secretariat estimates.
e Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b.
f See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.
51
2.1 Food
Table II.18
Exports of food of regions by destination, 2008

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 1114.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13 21 22
Europe
World 514.1 100.0 100.0 46.7 46.1 12 20 17
II Europe 415.5 78.3 80.8 36.6 37.3 13 21 17
Asia 22.3 5.6 4.3 2.6 2.0 9 17 16
North America 21.4 5.9 4.2 2.7 1.9 8 8 0
Africa 17.4 3.4 3.4 1.6 1.6 12 22 39
Middle East 12.6 2.8 2.4 1.3 1.1 11 13 33
Asia
World 205.0 100.0 100.0 17.9 18.4 13 22 25
Asia 106.9 59.2 52.2 10.6 9.6 11 20 22
Europe 31.5 14.0 15.4 2.5 2.8 14 22 22
North America 26.4 14.9 12.9 2.7 2.4 11 13 14
Middle East 17.2 5.5 8.4 1.0 1.5 19 31 58
Africa 12.6 3.2 6.2 0.6 1.1 22 40 42
North America
World 169.0 100.0 100.0 18.5 15.2 10 22 26
North America 69.1 41.0 40.9 7.6 6.2 10 13 18
Asia 51.8 32.1 30.7 6.0 4.6 9 27 35
Europe 16.2 11.8 9.6 2.2 1.5 7 18 18
Africa 8.1 3.7 4.8 0.7 0.7 14 64 24
Middle East 6.4 3.5 3.8 0.7 0.6 11 46 43
World 140.8 100.0 100.0 10.6 12.6 15 24 26
Europe 44.2 34.0 31.4 3.6 4.0 14 26 22
Asia 28.2 14.8 20.0 1.6 2.5 20 30 33
North America 17.5 20.8 12.4 2.2 1.6 8 10 7
Africa 9.3 3.4 6.6 0.4 0.8 25 23 32
Middle East 7.9 4.3 5.6 0.5 0.7 19 21 27
World 31.9 100.0 100.0 1.6 2.9 21 42 28
Europe 7.8 20.9 24.4 0.3 0.7 23 45 55
Asia 4.5 26.2 13.9 0.4 0.4 12 18 14
Middle East 3.1 2.3 9.7 0.0 0.3 44 53 58
Africa 2.3 1.6 7.2 0.0 0.2 46 161 -6
North America 0.5 5.3 1.7 0.1 0.0 5 12 -19
52
Table II.19
Imports of food of selected economies by origin, 2008

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 27048 100.0 10 16 13 World 95184 100.0 8 9 9
Europe 3573 13.2 10 14 9 Asia 23561 24.8 9 9 14
Asia 3079 11.4 11 14 9 Europe 19203 20.2 7 10 0
South and Central America 2617 9.7 11 11 9 South and Central America 17314 18.2 7 8 6 II
Africa 493 1.8 12 5 21 Africa 1707 1.8 7 -5 24
CIS 82 0.3 7 -2 -18 CIS 503 0.5 4 15 -20
Economy Economy
United States 15918 58.9 10 17 17 Canada 20305 21.3 8 11 16
Mexico 1147 4.2 20 43 1 Mexico 12291 12.9 9 8 6
China 804 3.0 19 16 6 China 5379 5.7 21 18 14
Brazil 617 2.3 12 7 2 Chile 3490 3.7 9 6 4
Above 5 21758 80.4 - - - Above 5 59022 62.0 - - -
Chile 559 2.1 15 13 13 Thailand 3441 3.6 5 2 15
Thailand 532 2.0 9 23 19 Brazil 2759 2.9 9 15 3
Australia 408 1.5 5 2 -2 Australia 2395 2.5 5 5 -12
New Zealand 313 1.2 8 18 -4 Indonesia 2278 2.4 11 4 31
Guatemala 220 0.8 10 5 17 Malaysia 1955 2.1 26 38 60
Colombia 216 0.8 6 -12 9 New Zealand 1672 1.8 5 -1 4
India 210 0.8 11 -1 22 Viet Nam 1556 1.6 14 17 11
Costa Rica 205 0.8 11 11 11 Guatemala 1476 1.6 8 16 21
Argentina 185 0.7 6 33 6 Costa Rica 1384 1.5 4 8 -2
Peru 176 0.7 16 8 29 Colombia 1364 1.4 6 -1 20
Viet Nam 162 0.6 15 16 10 Ecuador 1341 1.4 6 2 7
South Africa 150 0.6 8 2 14 India 1316 1.4 4 3 19
Ecuador 126 0.5 9 20 30 Argentina 1310 1.4 6 8 12
Malaysia 119 0.4 23 94 4 Philippines 1266 1.3 8 7 23
Côte d'Ivoire 119 0.4 17 -16 41 Peru 1035 1.1 18 14 16
Switzerland 112 0.4 16 9 24 Honduras 763 0.8 6 16 10
Turkey 105 0.4 22 52 1 Switzerland 720 0.8 17 51 91
Indonesia 100 0.4 8 -7 43 Japan 708 0.7 5 9 15
Philippines 98 0.4 11 8 24 Côte d'Ivoire 675 0.7 11 -8 44
Morocco 93 0.3 11 39 -1 Dominican Republic 600 0.6 4 -1 -2
Russian Federation 77 0.3 6 -3 -17 Nicaragua 520 0.5 10 15 22
Canada 68 0.3 ... -1 80 Russian Federation 455 0.5 4 14 -22
Japan 64 0.2 7 12 10 Turkey 448 0.5 8 15 -15
Honduras 56 0.2 23 29 39 Korea, Republic of 380 0.4 8 6 8
Norway 47 0.2 0 21 -7 Norway 274 0.3 3 26 -23
Korea, Republic of 41 0.2 4 4 16 El Salvador 269 0.3 4 31 25
Nicaragua 39 0.1 15 57 15 South Africa 207 0.2 1 -12 -4
Singapore 35 0.1 15 28 89 Israel 181 0.2 6 6 6
El Salvador 34 0.1 13 -75 394 Singapore 175 0.2 5 26 10
Nigeria 34 0.1 28 59 24 Panama 172 0.2 1 -3 -2
Hong Kong, China 30 0.1 0 -4 13 Fiji 169 0.2 21 12 4
Jamaica 28 0.1 3 12 5 Bangladesh 147 0.2 0 -17 -14
Pakistan 25 0.1 18 8 88 Uruguay 143 0.2 5 10 -61
Uruguay 24 0.1 -9 121 -70 Morocco 141 0.1 12 22 19
Above 40 26619 98.4 - - - Above 40 93063 97.8 - - -
53
Table II.20
Leading exporters and importers of food, 2008

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
Exporters
European Union (27) 481.05 - - 43.8 43.2 12 9 20 17
extra-EU (27) exports 104.81 - - 10.7 9.4 11 12 16 19
United States 112.63 17.6 13.4 12.6 10.1 10 12 27 28
Brazil 54.30 4.2 2.8 3.0 4.9 20 13 23 29
Canada 39.33 3.5 3.5 4.1 3.5 11 12 18 23
Argentina 36.82 2.3 2.2 2.7 3.3 16 11 35 31
II China
Indonesia
35.90
24.09
1.4
0.7
2.5
0.9
3.1
1.3
3.2
2.2
13
20
13
16
19
46
8
44
Thailand 23.29 1.3 2.1 2.3 2.1 11 15 20 32
Malaysia 23.12 0.9 1.1 1.3 2.1 20 14 45 43
Australia 21.58 3.3 2.5 2.9 1.9 7 5 -2 22
India 18.28 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.6 16 16 31 34
Mexico 16.50 0.9 1.0 1.9 1.5 9 17 9 13
New Zealand 15.29 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.4 13 1 23 14
Viet Nam a 11.83 ... ... 0.8 1.1 16 17 23 25
Above 15 927.69 - - 83.2 83.3 - - - -
Importers
European Union (27) 516.65 - - 42.6 44.1 13 9 21 17
extra-EU (27) imports 140.41 - - 12.2 12.0 12 9 22 19
United States 95.18 8.8 8.9 10.9 8.1 8 10 9 9
Japan 66.16 7.2 10.1 10.3 5.6 4 -3 6 20
China 49.54 1.4 1.4 1.9 4.2 24 6 41 53
Russian Federation a 32.16 - - 1.8 2.7 18 21 16 28
Canada b 27.05 1.8 2.1 2.6 2.3 11 15 16 13
Mexico b 21.93 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.9 13 13 22 20
United Arab Emirates a 15.28 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.3 20 22 27 46
Saudi Arabia a 15.25 1.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 14 8 26 29
Hong Kong, China 14.12 - - - - 6 7 18 26
Malaysia 10.97 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 15 16 25 28
Switzerland 10.44 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.9 11 7 18 20
Nigeria a 10.07 ... ... 0.2 0.9 31 44 58 55
Indonesia 9.38 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.8 14 13 44 19
Above 15 909.27 - - 79.4 77.5 - - - -
a Includes Secretariat estimates.

54
Table II.21
Exports of food of selected economies, 1990-2008

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a
World 315559 | 432121 754711 914823 1114016 6.9 7.1

Argentina 6949 11491 20759 28115 36818 43.6 52.2
Australia 7937 12583 17937 17619 21576 19.7 11.5
Belarus - 495 1478 1762 2209 6.8 6.7
Brazil 8697 12808 34341 42125 54303 23.3 27.4
Cameroon b 409 272 430 472 564 14.9 13.0
Canada 10898 17630 27107 31917 39326 6.4 8.6
Chile 1965 4424 8555 9651 11279 23.0 17.0
China 7868 13559 27863 33158 35898 5.4 2.5 II
Colombia 2222 2502 3859 4577 5403 19.2 14.4
Costa Rica 848 1648 2147 2678 3105 28.1 32.1
Côte d'Ivoire ... 1806 2856 3185 3936 46.4 39.0
Croatia ... 394 1178 1293 1378 8.9 9.8
Ecuador 1198 1758 3431 3742 4558 35.7 24.6
Egypt 251 377 898 1268 2526 8.0 9.9
Ethiopia 186 321 736 780 1156 66.0 72.2
European Union (27) - 189387 342490 410555 481046 7.7 8.2
intra-EU (27) exports - 143213 266703 322376 376238 8.6 9.5
extra-EU (27) exports - 46174 75787 88179 104808 5.9 5.4
Ghana b ... 513 1568 1896 2337 30.7 44.3
Guatemala 778 1518 | 2010 2575 2915 56.3 37.7
Honduras b 649 730 1079 1246 1550 21.8 25.6
Hong Kong, China 3385 3664 2988 3779 4913 1.8 1.3
re-exports 2644 3302 2543 3298 4420 1.8 1.3
Iceland 1266 1240 1829 2060 2045 65.2 38.0
India 2782 5398 10406 13668 18275 12.7 10.3
Indonesia 2853 5526 11453 16681 24090 8.4 17.3
Iran, Islamic Rep. of b ... 818 2690 3286 3261 2.8 2.9
Israel 1022 824 1393 1799 1717 2.6 2.8
Japan 1706 2170 3147 3623 3980 0.5 0.5
Kenya 502 927 1483 1745 2111 53.5 42.5
Malawi b 374 331 431 584 644 87.4 83.6
Malaysia 3434 5440 11175 16203 23121 5.5 11.6
Mexico 3057 8179 13473 14623 16500 4.9 5.7
Morocco 1105 1596 2414 2790 3084 21.5 15.3
New Zealand 4272 5825 10929 13442 15287 43.9 50.0
Nicaragua 251 534 830 962 1194 82.8 80.2
Norway 2365 3827 6013 6822 8070 6.4 4.7
Pakistan 516 964 2002 2116 3621 10.7 17.8
Panama 258 569 852 925 948 66.2 80.3
Paraguay 502 564 1445 2219 3873 64.9 87.4
Peru 703 1736 3490 3839 4894 24.7 15.7
Philippines 1532 1815 2589 2982 3650 4.6 7.4
Serbia ... ... 1224 1642 1906 ... 17.4
Singapore 2747 3091 | 4226 5116 6208 2.2 1.8
re-exports 1671 1999 | 2348 2879 3286 3.4 2.0
South Africa ... 2232 3785 4213 5429 7.4 6.7
Sri Lanka 649 ... 1514 1834 2092 ... 24.8
Switzerland 1756 2007 | 4097 5281 6870 2.5 3.4
Taipei, Chinese 2703 1819 1932 2001 2480 1.2 1.0
Tanzania b ... 359 620 726 737 54.8 24.3
Thailand 6611 9924 14684 17690 23293 14.4 13.1
Tunisia 384 510 1384 1444 1716 8.7 8.9
Turkey 2906 3521 7932 9007 10704 12.7 8.1
Uganda ... 241 523 739 923 52.4 42.3
Ukraine - 1339 4609 6192 10754 9.2 16.1
United States 42422 54341 69160 87753 112631 6.9 8.7
Uruguay 670 1064 2181 2389 3500 46.4 58.8
Viet Nam b ... 3666 7684 9474 11830 25.3 18.8
a Or nearest year.
55
Table II.22
Imports of food of selected economies, 1990-2008


1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 2306 2578 4062 5473 8457 28.1 21.4
Argentina 164 1267 889 1654 2616 5.0 4.6
Australia b 1943 3245 6196 7650 9000 4.6 4.7
Bangladesh c, d 650 1254 2620 3946 5059 14.1 21.2
Belarus - 1027 1905 2091 2899 11.9 7.3
Brazil e 2112 3665 4095 5554 7557 6.6 4.4
II Canada b
Chile
7143
308
12027
1228
20539
2348
23890
3085
27048
4178
5.0
6.6
6.6
6.7
China 4619 9043 22917 32422 49543 4.0 4.4
Colombia 395 1405 2277 3013 4021 12.2 10.1
Côte d'Ivoire ... 427 1006 1163 1546 15.3 21.6
Croatia ... 653 1775 2056 2517 8.3 8.2
Cuba d ... 765 1502 ... ... 15.8 15.8
Ecuador 156 310 856 1145 1504 8.3 8.1
Egypt 2903 3531 3936 5242 7981 25.2 16.5
El Salvador d 128 613 897 1251 1451 12.4 14.9
European Union (27) f - 200032 363571 440518 516652 7.8 8.3
extra-EU (27) imports - 57170 96901 118142 140414 6.2 6.2
Guatemala 169 592 | 1236 1531 1837 12.4 12.6
Hong Kong, China 6551 9165 9467 11191 14120 4.3 3.6
India 771 2215 4837 5992 7272 4.3 2.5
Indonesia 1104 3336 5455 7857 9383 7.7 7.4
Iran, Islamic Rep. of d ... 2585 3177 3884 6304 18.6 11.0
Israel 1197 1923 2724 3321 4338 5.1 6.4
Japan 34154 48580 52146 55281 66159 12.8 8.7
Jordan 672 851 1523 2029 2809 18.5 16.6
Kazakhstan - 459 1644 2241 2938 9.1 7.8
Kenya 199 403 668 990 1289 13.0 11.6
Kuwait 561 1249 2261 2757 3972 17.5 16.0
Lebanon b, d ... 1107 1438 1896 2076 17.8 12.4
Malaysia 2021 3526 6841 8549 10966 4.3 7.0
Mexico b 4326 8485 14998 18239 21929 4.9 7.1
Morocco 677 1585 2168 3883 4893 13.7 11.7
New Zealand 643 1074 2122 2624 3173 7.7 9.2
Nigeria d ... 1159 4112 6490 10071 13.3 24.2
Norway 1584 2221 4255 5458 7008 6.5 7.8
Oman 486 1122 1167 1562 2494 21.9 10.9
Pakistan 1276 1524 3061 2889 5014 14.0 11.8
Peru d 621 864 1564 2136 3124 11.6 10.4
Philippines 1348 2598 3648 4238 6514 7.0 10.8
Saudi Arabia d 3319 5375 9388 11827 15255 17.8 13.2
Senegal d 350 362 858 1221 1693 23.8 29.7
Singapore 3685 4354 | 6093 7435 8991 3.2 2.8
South Africa b 846 1255 3008 4072 4589 4.7 5.2
Sri Lanka 502 ... 1198 1354 1871 ... 13.4
Sudan ... 360 1053 519 1229 23.2 13.4
Switzerland 4371 4519 7369 8679 10444 5.5 5.7
Taipei, Chinese 3495 5013 6653 7484 9138 3.6 3.8
Thailand 1672 2677 4972 5903 8479 4.3 4.7
Tunisia 582 706 1231 1873 2515 8.2 10.2
Turkey 1856 2128 3486 5167 8502 3.9 4.2
Ukraine - 882 3049 3966 6234 6.3 7.3
United States 30055 51226 80283 87672 95184 4.1 4.4
Viet Nam d ... 814 2695 3929 5268 5.2 6.6
Yemen ... ... 1509 2125 2405 ... 24.1
a Or nearest year.
56
3. Fuels and mining products
Table II.23
Exports of fuels and mining products of regions by destination, 2008

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
World 3530.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19 15 33

Europe
World 767.9 100.0 100.0 23.8 21.8 18 13 26
Europe 615.6 79.9 80.2 19.0 17.4 18 11 26 II
North America 59.3 11.0 7.7 2.6 1.7 13 11 16
Asia 28.2 3.5 3.7 0.8 0.8 19 27 21
Africa 21.9 1.6 2.9 0.4 0.6 27 32 48
Middle East 10.0 0.9 1.3 0.2 0.3 24 8 37
South and Central America 3.8 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.1 14 21 -4
Middle East
World 756.5 100.0 100.0 23.1 21.4 18 13 38
Asia 513.8 61.0 67.9 14.1 14.6 20 19 38
North America 90.6 12.8 12.0 3.0 2.6 17 7 61
Europe 87.0 16.7 11.5 3.9 2.5 13 4 30
Africa 16.0 2.5 2.1 0.6 0.5 16 -11 42
Middle East 15.9 2.1 2.1 0.5 0.4 18 -34 35
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 -7 57
Asia
World 540.2 100.0 100.0 14.0 15.3 21 18 36
Asia 430.8 83.3 79.7 11.7 12.2 20 16 37
Europe 38.6 5.7 7.2 0.8 1.1 24 22 37
North America 20.5 7.0 3.8 1.0 0.6 12 9 0
Middle East 16.2 0.9 3.0 0.1 0.5 40 36 34
Africa 9.9 0.3 1.8 0.0 0.3 51 12 45
World 470.0 100.0 100.0 10.0 13.3 24 18 39
Europe 324.9 63.9 69.1 6.4 9.2 25 14 38
Asia 45.0 7.8 9.6 0.8 1.3 27 51 28
North America 26.0 7.1 5.5 0.7 0.7 20 31 29
Middle East 11.1 1.1 2.4 0.1 0.3 36 -4 89
South and Central America 3.6 5.5 0.8 0.5 0.1 -3 -25 62
Africa 2.5 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.1 42 19 308
Africa
World 393.9 100.0 100.0 10.3 11.2 21 18 31
Europe 149.8 46.9 38.0 4.8 4.2 17 5 40
North America 109.6 25.9 27.8 2.7 3.1 22 19 24
Asia 90.9 17.0 23.1 1.7 2.6 25 23 39
Africa 19.9 4.8 5.1 0.5 0.6 21 27 18
Middle East 2.4 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.1 17 -1 34
North America
World 345.9 100.0 100.0 11.0 9.8 18 17 34
North America 225.8 75.4 65.3 8.3 6.4 16 12 31
Europe 49.3 9.8 14.2 1.1 1.4 23 30 51
Asia 39.9 9.5 11.5 1.0 1.1 21 24 21
Africa 3.2 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.1 26 47 87
Middle East 2.1 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.1 22 -2 57
World 255.8 100.0 100.0 7.9 7.2 18 12 25
North America 94.2 48.2 36.8 3.8 2.7 14 7 21
Asia 53.4 10.6 20.9 0.8 1.5 29 34 24
Europe 42.4 14.1 16.6 1.1 1.2 20 6 12
Africa 2.4 0.5 0.9 0.0 0.1 28 14 11
Middle East 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.0 16 2 66
57
3.1. Fuels
Table II.24
Imports of fuels of selected economies by origin, 2008


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
European Union (27) United States

Region Region
World 950271 100.0 20 7 42 World 501865 100.0 17 8 35
Europe 384848 40.5 19 6 41 North America 155526 31.0 17 6 36
II CIS 257776 27.1 25 11 37 Africa 99490 19.8 21 14 25
Africa 131580 13.8 18 7 50 South and Central America 88689 17.7 15 5 31
Middle East 78841 8.3 12 4 27 Middle East 87580 17.5 17 7 63
North America 23697 2.5 25 17 111 Europe 36295 7.2 13 0 19
Asia 19287 2.0 32 12 81 CIS 24186 4.8 50 24 61
South and Central America 18207 1.9 26 0 65 Asia 10099 2.0 10 17 -10
Economy Economy
European Union (27) 296337 31.2 20 7 42 Canada 113020 22.5 17 8 41
Russian Federation 209924 22.1 23 9 34 Saudi Arabia 56256 11.2 19 12 54
Norway 82581 8.7 16 4 38 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 50026 10.0 14 8 28
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 45152 4.8 18 15 33 Mexico 42507 8.5 16 1 23
Algeria 29549 3.1 13 -6 46 Nigeria 38992 7.8 17 16 16
Saudi Arabia 26359 2.8 10 -18 29 European Union (27) 32175 6.4 16 3 23
Kazakhstan 22068 2.3 31 4 45 Iraq 22708 4.5 17 -4 100
Nigeria 21532 2.3 19 1 67 Algeria 19981 4.0 27 14 9
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 18631 2.0 14 4 12 Angola 19460 3.9 23 6 51
Azerbaijan 15356 1.6 43 54 56 Russian Federation 17847 3.6 46 8 55
Above 10 767489 80.8 20 6 38 Above 10 412971 82.3 - - -
Japan China
Region Region
World 266771 100.0 17 7 54 World 168777 100.0 30 18 61
Asia 78312 29.4 14 5 66 Africa 39511 23.4 35 24 51
Africa 10855 4.1 41 10 75 Asia 33271 19.7 22 17 62
CIS 7868 2.9 52 184 45 CIS 16454 9.7 44 17 30
North America 4296 1.6 9 3 97 South and Central America 9526 5.6 80 15 80
South and Central America 473 0.2 35 108 -17 Europe 425 0.3 -5 8 5
Economy Economy
Saudi Arabia 50431 18.9 17 -5 45 Saudi Arabia 26436 15.7 43 15 94
United Arab Emirates 46617 17.5 16 2 46 Angola 22346 13.2 37 18 74
Australia 28765 10.8 22 10 86 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 16782 9.9 34 29 44
Qatar 26529 9.9 21 15 57 Russian Federation 11919 7.1 41 -1 27
Indonesia 19484 7.3 11 5 54 Oman 11265 6.7 17 8 71
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 18069 6.8 17 13 45 Korea, Republic of 9965 5.9 22 12 53
Kuwait 15292 5.7 15 9 54 Sudan 6277 3.7 31 121 51
Malaysia 10576 4.0 16 29 64 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 5340 3.2 84 11 113
Russian Federation 7818 2.9 52 174 49 Japan 4834 2.9 46 33 131
Oman 5559 2.1 13 34 56 Kuwait 4721 2.8 51 24 129
Above 10 229141 85.9 17 8 53 Above 10 119884 71.0 - - -
58
Table II.25
Imports of fuels of selected regions and economies from the Middle East, 2000 and 2008

2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
Asia
Japan 47.5 163.9 17 25 4 47
Korea, Republic of 24.4 96.0 19 31 7 51
India 11.0 71.9 26 41 14 60
China 8.7 68.6 30 35 15 75
Singapore 10.4 35.7 17 16 9 55
Taipei, Chinese 5.4 35.6 27 31 12 42
Thailand
Pakistan
5.5
3.5
25.3
12.7
21
17
23
50
-1
5
53
66
II
Philippines 3.1 6.8 10 36 5 29
Indonesia 2.3 6.5 14 20 -2 37
Malaysia 1.3 5.6 20 51 -13 37
Australia 1.6 2.5 6 45 39 7
Europe
European Union (27) 31.9 78.8 12 15 4 27
Turkey 2.2 12.6 24 37 17 38
North America
United States 24.4 87.6 17 16 7 63
Canada 1.1 4.6 20 33 1 39
Africa
South Africa 3.3 10.4 15 24 8 37
59
Table II.26
Exports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2008


1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World 362586 | 666593 1789550 2029658 2861893 10.6 18.2
Algeria 10623 21610 53581 59188 77822 98.1 98.1
Angola b 3655 7105 31167 39354 66437 89.7 99.0
Argentina 985 4642 7104 6095 6717 17.6 9.5
Australia 7473 13324 29637 31648 59594 20.9 31.8
Azerbaijan - 1485 11990 20131 30063 85.1 95.4
Bahrain b 2313 4490 9221 10809 14432 72.5 79.5
Belarus - 1452 7563 8513 12337 19.8 37.5
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela b 14447 29203 58438 62555 87443 87.1 93.5
II Bolivia b 227 160 2063 2274 3593 13.0 55.7
Brazil 682 908 10590 13297 18689 1.6 9.4
Brunei Darussalam b 2137 ... 7356 7386 10692 ... 96.3
Cameroon b 998 987 2203 2187 2653 53.8 61.0
Canada 12672 36344 77450 87492 125901 13.1 27.6
China 5119 7855 17770 19951 31402 3.2 2.2
Colombia 2496 5636 9374 10872 17295 43.2 46.0
Côte d'Ivoire ... 737 3004 2629 3628 19.0 35.9
Croatia ... 486 1568 1599 1814 11.0 12.9
Ecuador 1409 2442 7544 8279 11672 49.6 63.1
Egypt 762 1975 7629 8407 10567 42.1 41.5
European Union (27) - 95995 268656 295515 414587 3.9 7.0
intra-EU (27) exports - 69486 195489 209028 296337 4.2 7.5
extra-EU (27) exports - 26509 73167 86487 118250 3.4 6.1
Gabon ... 2168 4585 ... ... 83.4 84.1
India 522 121 18549 25015 31637 0.3 17.8
Indonesia 11239 15066 27619 29210 39780 23.0 28.6
Iran, Islamic Rep. of b 15307 25611 64139 72894 92993 89.1 82.0
Iraq b 9587 19771 29202 39436 58243 96.0 97.6
Japan 1260 1520 5897 9280 18776 0.3 2.4
Kazakhstan - 4567 26279 31519 48911 51.8 68.7
Kuwait 6500 18141 53174 59212 82766 93.3 95.0
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya b 10608 ... 38142 44147 61586 ... 97.7
Malaysia 5397 9448 22062 25104 36281 9.6 18.2
Mexico 9868 16050 38636 42426 50148 9.6 17.2
Morocco 152 272 471 557 679 3.7 3.4
New Zealand 362 345 368 1076 2103 2.6 6.9
Nigeria b 13191 20876 54835 62496 74281 99.5 92.0
Norway 16288 38274 82856 87668 120301 63.7 69.7
Oman 5057 8952 17905 19670 29217 79.1 77.5
Pakistan 71 131 841 994 1230 1.5 6.1
Peru 332 404 1902 2410 2842 5.7 9.1
Philippines b 225 505 1093 1415 1608 1.3 3.3
Qatar b 2967 10665 30552 37616 57591 92.0 90.2
Saudi Arabia 40128 70857 188399 205839 281013 91.3 89.7
Singapore 9566 13403 | 35656 41333 62480 9.7 18.5
re-exports 88 113 | 6890 10917 18342 0.2 11.3
South Africa b 1152 2664 5065 6759 7120 8.9 8.8
Sudan ... 1088 4796 7550 8935 60.2 74.2
Switzerland 45 287 | 3750 4089 6369 0.4 3.2
Taipei, Chinese 401 1657 10785 13713 18474 1.1 7.2
Thailand 192 2206 6507 6840 11299 3.2 6.4
Trinidad and Tobago b 1285 2790 10718 8850 11325 65.3 66.9
Tunisia 604 707 1518 2456 3345 12.1 17.3
Turkey 296 294 3566 5148 7531 1.1 5.7
Ukraine - 808 2554 2630 4109 5.5 6.1
United States 12321 13340 34838 42189 76742 1.7 6.0
Viet Nam b ... 3825 9709 10061 13020 26.4 20.7
Yemen ... ... 6126 5698 6729 ... 75.0
a Or nearest year.
Note: Includes economies exporting petroleum products.
60
Table II.27
Imports of fuels of selected economies, 1990-2008

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Argentina 333 928 1604 2691 4133 3.7 7.2
Australia b 2188 5898 17518 20176 30014 8.3 15.7
Bahrain c 1827 2107 4981 5960 6485 45.5 51.9
Bangladesh c, d 566 554 2000 1842 2362 6.2 9.9
Belarus - 2585 7324 10084 13982 29.9 35.4
Brazil e 6045 8290 17141 22320 34288 14.8 19.8
Cameroon c 21 344 1010 987 1059 23.1 24.3
Canada b 7313 12481 32741 36248 51764 5.2 12.7
Chile 1099 3014 8423 11316 16183 16.3 26.1
China 1259 20637 89001 104930 168777 9.2 14.9 II
Costa Rica 219 486 1311 1521 2210 7.6 14.4
Côte d'Ivoire c ... 838 1850 2016 2115 30.1 29.6
Croatia ... 1145 3416 3929 5401 14.5 17.6
Cuba c ... 1158 2746 ... ... 23.9 28.9
Dominican Republic b ... 1505 2788 3224 4241 15.9 26.4
Ecuador 38 281 2564 2824 3256 7.5 17.4
Egypt 243 1063 3376 3971 5407 7.6 11.2
European Union (27) f - 218179 621976 668171 950271 8.5 15.2
extra-EU (27) imports - 148790 426424 459143 653934 16.2 28.7
FYR Macedonia ... 290 760 979 1418 13.8 20.7
Guatemala 278 620 | 1901 2443 2839 12.9 19.5
Hong Kong, China 1996 4533 9772 11339 14375 2.1 3.7
India 6495 17861 61457 74916 117590 34.7 40.1
Indonesia 1937 6071 17648 21994 30652 13.9 24.3
Iran, Islamic Rep. of c ... 311 5323 4009 4811 2.2 8.4
Israel 1354 3587 7447 8926 12840 9.5 19.0
Jamaica c 380 586 1530 2205 2485 17.6 29.1
Japan 56777 77425 161806 173487 266771 20.4 35.0
Jordan 471 194 2720 2943 3679 4.2 21.8
Kazakhstan - 564 3051 3639 5431 11.2 14.3
Kenya 424 642 1745 1917 3056 20.7 27.6
Lebanon b, c ... 1029 2188 2615 2579 16.5 15.4
Malaysia 1487 3940 11745 12885 17012 4.8 10.8
Mexico b 1125 5232 14471 19399 29183 3.0 9.5
Morocco 1168 2039 5041 6328 8741 17.7 20.9
New Zealand 727 1446 3911 4458 6073 10.4 17.7
Norway 1178 1193 2930 3404 4516 3.5 5.1
Pakistan 1529 3598 7680 8350 14054 33.1 33.2
Peru c 327 1156 2960 3829 5602 15.6 18.7
Philippines 1943 4095 8300 9883 12804 11.1 21.2
Russian Federation c - 1639 2035 2768 4685 3.7 1.6
Senegal c 194 317 950 1298 1808 20.9 31.7
Serbia ... ... 2595 3195 4674 ... 20.3
Singapore 9632 16219 | 44794 52619 87343 12.1 27.3
South Africa b 88 3826 12678 14847 19555 14.3 22.3
Sri Lanka c 333 551 1634 2681 3132 7.7 22.4
Switzerland 3155 3747 11237 10967 16395 4.5 8.9
Syrian Arab Republic c 72 143 | 3112 4784 4886 3.7 26.7
Taipei, Chinese 5953 13030 36633 43537 61609 9.3 25.6
Tanzania c ... 294 1086 1769 2347 18.5 33.1
Thailand 3084 7549 25623 25895 37209 12.2 20.8
Trinidad and Tobago 143 1068 2270 2567 3365 32.3 33.7
Tunisia 493 902 2218 2443 4151 10.5 16.9
Turkey 4622 7515 27574 32595 46184 13.8 22.9
Ukraine - 5997 12711 15923 22832 43.0 26.7
United States 68741 139622 345059 372251 501865 11.1 23.1
Uruguay 238 530 1313 1235 2632 15.3 29.5
Viet Nam c ... 2113 6699 8744 12451 13.5 15.5
Yemen ... ... 1315 1824 3037 ... 30.5
a Or nearest year.
c Includes Secretariat estimates.
d Figures refer to fiscal year.
61
4. Manufactures
Table II.28
Exports of manufactures of regions by destination, 2008

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
World 10458.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11 15 10

Europe
World 4953.6 100.0 100.0 45.2 47.4 11 17 9
Europe 3530.7 72.1 71.3 32.6 33.8 11 17 7
II Asia 418.5 8.2 8.4 3.7 4.0 12 17 12
North America 382.8 11.2 7.7 5.1 3.7 6 6 2
Middle East 160.9 2.4 3.2 1.1 1.5 16 19 22
Africa 140.1 2.3 2.8 1.1 1.3 14 21 20
Asia
World 3447.8 100.0 100.0 29.7 33.0 12 16 11
Asia 1551.6 45.5 45.0 13.5 14.8 12 14 10
North America 713.0 29.1 20.7 8.6 6.8 7 6 3
Europe 702.5 18.7 20.4 5.5 6.7 13 20 10
Middle East 158.5 2.5 4.6 0.7 1.5 21 37 28
Africa 93.4 1.3 2.7 0.4 0.9 23 32 27
North America
World 1389.2 100.0 100.0 20.5 13.3 5 8 5
North America 669.7 55.5 48.2 11.4 6.4 3 3 0
Europe 265.2 17.4 19.1 3.6 2.5 6 15 8
Asia 255.4 18.8 18.4 3.8 2.4 4 8 4
Middle East 48.0 1.6 3.5 0.3 0.5 15 20 21
Africa 20.3 0.8 1.5 0.2 0.2 13 20 15
Middle East
World 220.3 100.0 100.0 1.3 2.1 17 24 24
Middle East 85.2 26.2 38.7 0.3 0.8 23 36 12
Asia 47.7 19.2 21.7 0.2 0.5 19 22 68
Europe 32.3 18.9 14.7 0.2 0.3 14 17 38
North America 24.8 23.1 11.3 0.3 0.2 7 3 20
Africa 17.7 5.9 8.1 0.1 0.2 22 21 -4
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 5.8 2.3 2.6 0.0 0.1 19 36 -24
World 174.8 100.0 100.0 0.9 1.7 19 25 32
Europe 60.8 30.7 34.8 0.3 0.6 21 27 32
Asia 20.1 19.2 11.5 0.2 0.2 12 7 54
Middle East 9.5 4.3 5.5 0.0 0.1 23 52 21
North America 9.1 8.3 5.2 0.1 0.1 12 -14 45
Africa 5.0 3.1 2.8 0.0 0.0 18 10 41
World 172.6 100.0 100.0 1.6 1.6 11 14 12
North America 53.6 46.0 31.0 0.7 0.5 6 -2 5
Europe 23.9 13.6 13.9 0.2 0.2 12 26 4
Asia 14.1 4.9 8.2 0.1 0.1 19 22 24
Africa 4.9 1.1 2.8 0.0 0.0 25 22 13
Middle East 2.2 0.4 1.3 0.0 0.0 27 2 23
Africa
World 99.9 100.0 100.0 0.8 1.0 13 17 23
Europe 46.5 58.8 46.6 0.5 0.4 10 14 13
Africa 21.9 15.9 21.9 0.1 0.2 18 22 39
Asia 12.9 10.3 13.0 0.1 0.1 17 10 38
North America 9.7 9.0 9.7 0.1 0.1 14 10 26
Middle East 4.8 3.3 4.8 0.0 0.0 19 20 46
62
Table II.29
Trade in manufactures of the United States, the European Union (27) and China by origin and destination, 2008

Exports Imports
2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
United States
962.8 100.0 100.0 5 10 7 World 1416.7 100.0 100.0 5 4 1
318.2 38.0 33.0 3 4 3 North America 309.5 27.2 21.8 2 4 -5
95.3 7.5 9.9 9 18 23 South and Central America 43.2 3.1 3.1 5 -3 5
28.1
236.4
2.2
24.0
2.9
24.6
9
5
27
14
33
8
Brazil
Europe
16.4
320.8
1.0
21.6
1.2
22.6
7
5
-9
6
2
3
II
218.0 22.4 22.6 5 14 8 European Union (27) 297.6 20.2 21.0 5 7 2
10.7 0.3 1.1 23 47 30 CIS 9.5 0.4 0.7 11 -13 47
7.2 0.2 0.7 23 54 25 Russian Federation 6.1 0.3 0.4 11 -17 45
18.3 1.1 1.9 12 18 18 Africa 10.2 0.4 0.7 13 6 26
45.2 2.3 4.7 15 20 21 Middle East 24.7 1.5 1.7 7 7 7
238.4 26.8 24.8 4 8 4 Asia 698.8 45.7 49.3 6 5 1
44.8 1.9 4.7 17 17 6 China 340.5 10.7 24.0 16 11 4
42.8 7.2 4.5 -1 2 1 Japan 136.8 14.9 9.7 -1 -2 -3
101.6 13.6 10.6 2 4 -1 Six East Asian traders 147.7 15.3 10.4 0 -3 -4
European Union (27)
4614.3 100.0 100.0 11 16 8 World 4335.0 100.0 100.0 10 17 7
354.1 11.0 7.7 6 6 1 North America 244.1 9.4 5.6 4 14 4
78.9 1.9 1.7 10 21 21 South and Central America 27.0 0.7 0.6 10 6 6
34.2 0.7 0.7 12 31 32 Brazil 15.1 0.3 0.3 11 24 7
3321.2 72.5 72.0 11 16 7 Europe 3237.5 72.5 74.7 11 16 7
3047.6 66.9 66.0 11 16 7 European Union (27) 3047.6 68.5 70.3 11 16 7
191.7 1.2 4.2 29 33 25 CIS 40.7 0.6 0.9 18 23 17
136.1 0.8 2.9 30 36 27 Russian Federation 23.8 0.4 0.5 16 24 14
129.7 2.4 2.8 13 21 19 Africa 43.7 1.1 1.0 9 15 7
134.3 2.3 2.9 14 18 16 Middle East 25.8 0.7 0.6 8 13 6
381.4 8.0 8.3 11 17 11 Asia 707.1 14.6 16.3 12 19 8
99.3 1.1 2.2 21 23 17 China 348.6 3.3 8.0 23 30 15
49.3 1.7 1.1 5 5 1 Japan 106.6 4.3 2.5 3 10 2
126.1 3.3 2.7 8 13 8 Six East Asian traders 166.2 5.0 3.8 7 8 0
China a
1329.6 100.0 100.0 25 27 17 World 733.4 100.0 100.0 20 17 8
333.9 31.9 25.1 22 15 7 North America 65.5 11.8 8.9 16 16 11
51.6 2.5 3.9 33 47 40 South and Central America 5.9 0.3 0.8 34 30 5
17.1 0.5 1.3 40 52 61 Brazil 2.4 0.2 0.3 27 19 28
353.4 21.5 26.6 29 30 17 Europe 126.3 17.5 17.2 20 21 20
334.6 20.4 25.2 29 30 18 European Union (27) 117.9 16.5 16.1 20 20 20
61.6 1.3 4.6 47 74 35 CIS 5.2 1.9 0.7 6 23 11
31.0 0.9 2.3 41 83 16 Russian Federation 3.5 1.4 0.5 5 9 21
47.4 2.0 3.6 35 41 38 Africa 2.9 0.2 0.4 27 40 10
55.6 2.5 4.2 33 51 33 Middle East 7.6 0.7 1.0 27 19 18
424.9 38.3 32.0 22 25 18 Asia 519.9 67.6 70.9 21 16 5
118.8 15.7 8.9 17 13 12 Japan 136.5 23.1 18.6 17 15 10
192.5 16.4 14.5 23 25 18 Six East Asian traders 262.7 37.3 35.8 19 15 4
a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 12 percent of its manufacture imports. For further information, see the Metadata.
63
Table II.30
Imports of manufactures of selected economies by origin, 2008


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 4335018 100.0 10 17 7 World 1416725 100.0 5 4 1
Europe 3237499 74.7 11 16 7 Asia 698813 49.3 6 5 1
Asia 707065 16.3 12 19 8 Europe 320806 22.6 5 6 3
North America 244117 5.6 4 14 4 North America 309471 21.8 2 4 -5
II Africa 43650 1.0 9 15 7 South and Central America 43246 3.1 5 -3 5
CIS 40721 0.9 18 24 17 Middle East 24691 1.7 7 7 7
South and Central America 26965 0.6 10 6 6 Africa 10185 0.7 13 6 26
Middle East 25810 0.6 8 13 6 CIS 9513 0.7 11 -13 47
Economy Economy
European Union (27) 3047573 70.3 11 16 7 China 340481 24.0 16 11 4
China 348571 8.0 23 30 15 European Union (27) 297611 21.0 5 7 2
United States 212879 4.9 3 12 4 Canada 159647 11.3 0 1 -8
Japan 106619 2.5 3 10 2 Mexico 149822 10.6 4 7 -3
Switzerland 97526 2.3 9 15 10 Japan 136847 9.7 -1 -2 -3
Above 5 3813168 88.0 - - - Above 5 1084408 76.5 - - -
Turkey 57947 1.3 19 25 3 Korea, Republic of 45409 3.2 2 1 5
Korea, Republic of 54210 1.3 11 10 -1 Taipei, Chinese 35259 2.5 -2 -1 -4
India 35067 0.8 17 28 16 Malaysia 28208 2.0 2 -12 -9
Taipei, Chinese 33744 0.8 4 6 -2 India 24368 1.7 12 8 10
Russian Federation 23792 0.5 16 24 14 Israel 20952 1.5 7 8 6
Singapore 21284 0.5 5 6 -11 Thailand 19232 1.4 4 -1 0
Malaysia 20896 0.5 6 9 1 Brazil 16379 1.2 7 -9 2
Thailand 20047 0.5 9 23 7 Switzerland 16143 1.1 7 4 20
Norway 19201 0.4 9 13 16 Singapore 14202 1.0 -3 5 -15
Canada 17850 0.4 6 24 0 Indonesia 11394 0.8 3 6 4
Hong Kong, China 15997 0.4 5 -3 11 Viet Nam 10988 0.8 61 32 21
South Africa 15701 0.4 12 25 11 Philippines 7487 0.5 -7 -4 -11
Brazil 15065 0.3 11 24 7 Russian Federation 6075 0.4 11 -17 45
Mexico 13234 0.3 15 21 24 South Africa 5962 0.4 15 7 51
Israel 12855 0.3 6 24 5 Hong Kong, China 5425 0.4 -9 -15 -14
Ukraine 11187 0.3 22 26 20 Australia 5093 0.4 8 -1 29
Indonesia 10688 0.2 4 13 4 Trinidad and Tobago 4414 0.3 24 17 37
Tunisia 10279 0.2 12 24 12 Turkey 3899 0.3 5 -20 5
Viet Nam 9389 0.2 14 21 16 Bangladesh 3827 0.3 6 5 11
Bangladesh 7681 0.2 14 5 15 Pakistan 3676 0.3 6 -3 -1
Morocco 7481 0.2 9 23 6 Honduras 3203 0.2 2 3 1
Philippines 6656 0.2 1 -3 -4 Dominican Republic 3136 0.2 -3 -9 -7
Croatia 5439 0.1 14 16 14 Norway 2757 0.2 11 22 15
United Arab Emirates 4783 0.1 16 -7 8 Cambodia 2536 0.2 14 12 -2
Pakistan 4710 0.1 10 15 7 Costa Rica 2471 0.2 0 1 0
Egypt 4289 0.1 16 25 20 Ukraine 2225 0.2 12 -23 86
Serbia 4278 0.1 ... 50 28 Argentina 2139 0.2 9 -4 63
Saudi Arabia 4248 0.1 10 9 -3 Sri Lanka 1968 0.1 -1 -5 -5
Australia 4031 0.1 4 16 -7 El Salvador 1905 0.1 1 10 6
Costa Rica 2734 0.1 11 -1 17 Colombia 1694 0.1 4 -1 -5
Sri Lanka 2679 0.1 7 19 11 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 1584 0.1 2 -10 15
Belarus 2600 0.1 16 14 21 Guatemala 1570 0.1 -1 -13 -5
FYR Macedonia 2068 0.0 18 62 2 Egypt 1302 0.1 9 -8 4
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2066 0.0 27 23 16 Nicaragua 1175 0.1 16 13 -1
Argentina 2031 0.0 10 37 16 Jordan 1122 0.1 41 -8 -16
Above 40 4299377 99.2 - - - Above 40 1403588 99.1 - - -
64
Imports of manufactures of selected economies by origin, 2008

China a Japan
2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 733438 100.0 20 17 8 World 342115 100.0 6 5 9
Asia 519865 70.9 21 16 5 Asia 215557 63.0 8 6 11
Europe 126308 17.2 20 21 20 Europe 63899 18.7 5 7 7
Middle East 7641 1.0 27 19 18 South and Central America 2273 0.7 12 33 25 II
South and Central America 5885 0.8 34 30 5 Africa 2018 0.6 17 1 12
CIS 5247 0.7 6 23 11 Middle East 1835 0.5 5 13 13
Africa 2886 0.4 27 40 10 CIS 1717 0.5 25 15 89
Economy Economy
Japan 136463 18.6 17 15 10 China 126445 37.0 14 9 13
Korea, Republic of 97369 13.3 22 16 5 United States 48264 14.1 -1 1 0
Taipei, Chinese 95908 13.1 19 15 1 Korea, Republic of 21734 6.4 5 1 4
China 90807 12.4 38 18 8 Taipei, Chinese 17450 5.1 1 -2 8
Above 5 538442 73.4 - - - Above 5 271163 79.3 - - -
United States 57741 7.9 16 15 11 Thailand 13455 3.9 8 8 8
Malaysia 24093 3.3 25 14 9 Malaysia 9324 2.7 0 -2 12
Thailand 19905 2.7 26 28 11 Indonesia 6450 1.9 4 1 9
Philippines 18148 2.5 38 28 -13 Switzerland 5710 1.7 8 -2 18
Singapore 15191 2.1 18 3 0 Philippines 5670 1.7 0 4 -4
Hong Kong, China 10224 1.4 2 14 -5 Viet Nam 4849 1.4 17 17 29
Switzerland 6085 0.8 22 32 24 Singapore 4787 1.4 -1 -1 9
Canada 5234 0.7 13 27 12 Mexico 2160 0.6 8 17 19
Indonesia 3950 0.5 9 1 -4 India 1949 0.6 8 7 15
Saudi Arabia 3787 0.5 31 19 4 Canada 1905 0.6 -1 -5 11
Russian Federation 3549 0.5 5 9 21 South Africa 1760 0.5 18 0 9
India 3125 0.4 22 17 -5 Brazil 1126 0.3 10 30 28
Mexico 2560 0.3 25 21 -1 Australia 1102 0.3 4 24 24
Brazil 2385 0.3 27 19 28 Hong Kong, China 819 0.2 -6 -12 -7
Costa Rica 2256 0.3 101 32 -2 Kazakhstan 810 0.2 36 29 116
South Africa 2033 0.3 25 47 4 Israel 807 0.2 0 10 1
Israel 1725 0.2 23 26 11 Russian Federation 753 0.2 22 17 60
Norway 1716 0.2 28 58 57 Norway 679 0.2 11 28 9
Australia 1524 0.2 12 7 -8 Saudi Arabia 613 0.2 11 19 12
Viet Nam 1498 0.2 47 44 54 New Zealand 546 0.2 2 19 2
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 1096 0.1 40 44 125 Chile 326 0.1 24 27 18
Kazakhstan 952 0.1 14 79 0 Costa Rica 292 0.1 8 1 20
Pakistan 700 0.1 5 6 -17 Bahamas 225 0.1 30 220 57424
Turkey 527 0.1 29 37 35 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 207 0.1 20 63 45
Belarus 483 0.1 27 38 -13 Myanmar 204 0.1 29 29 24
Morocco 388 0.1 28 11 4 Turkey 183 0.1 15 6 20
Argentina 342 0.0 13 4 -6 New Caledonia 178 0.1 14 101 -39
New Zealand 324 0.0 8 3 18 Bangladesh 171 0.1 10 14 18
Colombia 299 0.0 56 232 -52 Pakistan 158 0.0 -3 -5 42
Qatar 299 0.0 18 -24 13 Jordan 123 0.0 6 -9 66
United Arab Emirates 251 0.0 58 10 30 Ukraine 121 0.0 16 -35 162
Chile 214 0.0 25 -22 26 Cambodia 119 0.0 13 15 -12
Ukraine 208 0.0 -8 36 -14 Sri Lanka 93 0.0 -1 4 0
Kuwait 199 0.0 6 -18 8 French Polynesia 90 0.0 -3 6 -30
Macao, China 193 0.0 10 -1 -8 Morocco 79 0.0 19 21 44
Above 40 731646 99.8 - - - Above 40 339005 99.1 - - -
a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 12.4 percent of its manufacture imports. For further information, see the Metadata.
65
Table II.31
Leading exporters and importers of manufactures, 2008

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
Exporters
European Union (27) 4614.3 - - 42.8 44.1 11 12 16 8
extra-EU (27) exports 1566.7 - - 14.2 15.0 11 10 17 11
China a 1329.6 0.8 1.9 4.7 12.7 25 28 27 17
United States 962.8 13.0 12.1 13.8 9.2 5 12 10 7
Japan 693.2 11.2 11.5 9.6 6.6 6 7 9 8
II Hong Kong, China 348.0 - - - - 8 9 9 5
domestic exports 9.7 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.1 -10 -2 -22 -21
re-exports 338.4 - - - - 9 10 10 6
Singapore 236.9 0.8 1.6 2.5 2.3 9 16 6 4
domestic exports 102.6 0.4 1.0 1.3 1.0 6 13 4 -2
re-exports 134.3 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.3 12 18 8 9
Taipei, Chinese 222.3 1.6 2.6 3.0 2.1 6 18 9 1
Canada 213.6 2.7 3.1 3.7 2.0 2 4 4 -5
Mexico a 212.3 0.4 1.1 3.0 2.0 5 15 8 4
Switzerland 178.9 2.4 2.5 1.5 1.7 12 11 16 15
Malaysia a, b 129.9 0.2 0.7 1.7 1.2 6 12 6 4
Thailand 127.2 0.1 0.6 1.1 1.2 12 17 18 9
India 112.2 0.5 0.5 0.7 1.1 17 13 18 20
Turkey 103.8 0.1 0.4 0.5 1.0 21 15 26 20
Above 15 9511.5 - - 92.3 90.9 - - - -
Importers
European Union (27) 4335.0 - - 39.7 40.1 10 12 17 7
extra-EU (27) imports 1287.4 - - 12.5 11.9 10 10 18 8
United States 1416.7 11.2 15.4 19.7 13.1 5 9 4 1
China a, c 733.4 1.1 1.7 3.5 6.8 20 18 17 8
Hong Kong, China 348.9 - - - - 8 11 10 5
retained imports 10.5 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.1 -9 38 -5 -28
Japan 342.1 2.3 4.1 4.3 3.2 6 8 5 9
Canada d 308.4 3.7 3.8 4.1 2.9 6 11 7 2
Russian Federation b 241.8 - - 0.6 2.2 29 33 40 30
Mexico a, d 239.3 1.5 1.3 3.0 2.2 6 14 8 5
Singapore 204.8 1.2 1.8 2.2 1.9 8 15 8 9
Switzerland 145.8 2.3 2.4 1.4 1.3 10 8 18 10
Taipei, Chinese 143.3 0.9 1.5 2.2 1.3 3 5 4 0
Australia d 136.9 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 11 6 17 16
India 127.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.2 24 15 29 27
United Arab Emirates b 126.2 0.5 0.4 0.6 1.2 20 16 32 20
Above 15 8743.3 - - 85.5 80.9 - - - -
a Includes significant shipments through processing zones.

c In 2008, China reported imports of manufactures from China amounting to 90.8 billion dollars. For further information, see the Metadata.
d Imports are valued f.o.b.
66
Table II.32
Exports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2008

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

World 2391.15 | 4698.18 8259.69 9520.23 10458.11 74.8 66.5
Argentina 3.57 8.53 14.78 17.25 21.58 32.4 30.6
Australia 7.10 15.16 22.20 26.09 29.00 23.7 15.5
Bangladesh b, c 1.21 5.88 10.68 10.91 13.46 92.0 87.6
Belarus - 4.88 9.92 12.91 17.20 66.6 52.3
Brazil 16.14 31.65 68.41 74.90 86.41 57.5 43.7
Cambodia c ... 1.33 3.43 3.89 4.06 95.7 94.4
Canada 73.31 175.64 215.38 224.49 213.57 63.5 46.8
Chile 0.83 2.79 6.00 6.69 8.10 14.5 12.2 II
China d 44.31 219.86 895.39 1134.73 1329.64 88.2 93.1
Colombia 1.70 4.24 8.68 11.75 11.85 32.5 31.5
Costa Rica c, d 0.39 3.98 5.18 5.58 6.10 67.8 63.0
Croatia ... 3.21 6.80 8.42 9.80 72.5 69.4
Dominican Republic c, d 1.51 | 5.03 5.64 6.11 5.65 87.7 81.4
Egypt c 1.47 1.92 7.68 8.84 8.74 40.9 34.3
El Salvador c, d 0.33 2.25 2.90 2.99 3.36 76.5 73.9
European Union (27) - 2012.01 3663.01 4256.81 4614.31 82.0 78.2
intra-EU (27) exports - 1345.41 2457.53 2850.88 3047.57 80.7 76.7
extra-EU (27) exports - 666.61 1205.48 1405.93 1566.74 84.9 81.4
Guatemala c 0.28 0.87 | 3.32 3.42 3.63 32.1 46.9
Hong Kong, China 75.64 192.50 304.75 331.16 348.03 95.0 94.0
domestic exports 27.41 22.14 15.76 12.26 9.65 94.1 56.9
re-exports 48.23 170.35 288.99 318.89 338.38 95.1 95.8
India e 12.52 32.76 79.84 93.86 112.19 77.3 63.2
Indonesia d 9.04 36.94 44.73 48.24 52.70 56.5 37.8
Iran, Islamic Rep. of c 0.69 1.98 6.07 7.44 11.23 6.9 9.9
Israel e 10.43 29.55 44.30 50.67 56.37 94.1 92.7
Japan 275.15 449.69 586.52 640.87 693.24 93.8 88.6
Jordan 0.59 0.95 3.60 4.49 5.92 50.2 76.0
Kazakhstan - 1.45 4.23 6.32 9.79 16.4 13.8
Korea, Republic of 60.60 154.90 290.13 330.41 365.01 89.9 86.5
Malaysia c, d 15.82 78.93 117.91 125.01 129.87 80.4 65.1
Mexico d 25.26 138.65 189.13 204.22 212.25 83.3 72.8
Morocco d 2.21 4.76 8.24 9.52 11.86 64.1 58.9
New Zealand 2.39 3.99 6.72 7.47 7.74 30.0 25.3
Norway 11.13 13.32 19.53 24.54 30.74 22.2 17.8
Pakistan 4.39 7.64 13.77 14.29 14.88 84.7 73.2
Philippines c, d 5.59 34.77 40.84 42.84 40.54 87.4 82.7
Russian Federation - 24.81 59.56 71.19 94.20 23.5 20.0
Saudi Arabia c 3.66 5.96 20.14 24.84 26.85 7.7 8.6
Serbia ... ... 4.05 5.79 7.42 ... 67.6
Serbia and Montenegro ... 1.05 ... ... ... 60.9 57.2
Singapore 37.49 117.68 | 214.09 227.10 236.85 85.4 70.0
domestic exports 23.20 63.28 | 100.73 104.38 102.59 80.4 58.4
re-exports 14.28 54.40 | 113.36 122.72 134.27 92.0 82.6
South Africa c, e 8.32 20.23 32.17 38.14 44.00 67.5 54.5
Sri Lanka c 1.02 4.14 4.78 5.28 5.74 76.3 68.0
Switzerland 59.59 72.43 | 133.81 155.49 178.88 90.0 89.3
Taipei, Chinese 62.03 141.04 202.37 220.50 222.30 95.1 87.0
Thailand 14.58 51.66 98.32 116.46 127.16 74.8 71.5
Trinidad and Tobago c 0.56 1.23 2.93 3.82 4.68 28.8 27.7
Tunisia c 2.42 4.50 8.39 10.58 13.82 77.0 71.6
Turkey 8.78 22.31 68.99 86.65 103.77 80.3 78.6
Ukraine - 9.77 27.60 36.23 46.66 67.1 69.6
United Arab Emirates c 2.86 13.46 60.91 85.11 89.98 27.0 38.9
United States 290.49 648.91 818.78 897.20 962.82 83.0 74.8
Viet Nam c ... 6.18 20.38 26.44 32.73 42.6 52.0
a Or nearest year.
b Figures refer to fiscal year.
d Includes significant exports from processing zones.
e Includes significant exports of diamonds. For the most recent year, the share of diamonds in exports of manufactures was 13 per cent for India , 45 per cent for Israel and 8 per cent for South Africa.
67
Table II.33
Imports of manufactures of selected economies, 1990-2008


1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 6.66 6.10 16.16 20.70 29.21 66.5 74.0
Argentina 3.10 21.91 29.56 38.07 47.58 87.1 82.9
Australia b 32.40 59.08 101.02 118.06 136.90 83.0 71.5
Bangladesh c, d 1.92 5.14 9.43 9.56 12.26 57.9 51.4
Belarus - 4.24 10.73 13.87 19.23 49.0 48.7
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 5.05 11.81 26.57 36.53 35.62 81.0 71.8
Brazil e 12.62 41.01 64.12 77.12 122.00 73.4 70.5
Canada b 92.90 200.75 280.39 301.32 308.36 83.6 75.5
II Chile 5.29 11.86 22.48 26.38 34.08 64.1 55.0
China f 42.39 169.88 579.50 677.50 733.44 75.5 64.8
Colombia 4.28 9.19 21.53 27.01 31.80 79.6 80.2
Costa Rica f 1.50 5.28 8.66 9.48 11.27 82.8 73.3
Côte d'Ivoire d ... 1.15 2.41 2.85 3.32 41.1 46.5
Croatia ... 5.78 15.48 18.86 21.65 73.3 70.4
Dominican Republic b, d, f 2.07 7.01 8.00 8.79 9.58 73.9 59.5
Ecuador 1.51 2.63 8.40 9.12 12.27 70.8 65.7
European Union (27) g - 1953.94 3471.62 4045.24 4335.02 75.7 69.3
extra-EU (27) imports - 615.86 1015.63 1194.36 1287.45 67.2 56.4
Guatemala f 1.14 3.43 | 8.47 9.19 9.47 71.7 65.1
Hong Kong, China 70.53 192.66 304.53 333.62 348.93 90.0 88.8
retained imports 22.30 22.31 15.54 14.73 10.55 63.9 37.9
India h 12.17 22.44 77.45 99.98 127.13 43.6 43.3
Indonesia d, f 16.64 30.48 52.80 57.10 76.86 69.9 60.9
Iran, Islamic Rep. of d 15.49 9.96 27.81 33.36 40.48 71.6 70.5
Iraq d ... 2.09 5.27 5.98 8.26 15.8 26.5
Israel h 11.68 29.04 35.71 42.00 45.40 77.1 67.1
Japan 100.28 212.67 298.18 314.45 342.12 56.0 44.9
Jordan 1.34 2.65 6.53 7.75 9.31 57.5 55.1
Kazakhstan - 3.69 18.41 25.91 27.83 73.2 73.4
Kenya d 1.40 1.72 4.54 5.58 6.40 55.3 57.7
Korea, Republic of 44.11 98.16 177.61 206.19 231.84 61.2 53.3
Kuwait d 2.61 5.55 13.13 16.78 18.96 77.5 76.2
Lebanon b, d ... 3.48 | 5.38 7.16 11.61 55.8 69.3
Malaysia d, f 22.87 68.13 101.00 110.68 114.20 83.1 72.8
Mexico b, f 32.49 149.80 211.56 227.88 239.34 85.9 77.5
Morocco f 4.22 7.25 14.59 19.42 23.65 62.9 56.6
New Zealand 7.56 10.81 19.25 22.53 23.37 77.7 68.0
Nigeria d 4.92 4.36 16.46 21.32 28.57 50.0 68.5
Norway d 21.40 27.48 50.25 61.54 68.62 79.9 76.8
Oman 1.81 3.46 8.54 12.92 18.21 67.5 79.2
Pakistan 3.99 5.09 16.59 17.85 19.83 46.8 46.9
Peru d 1.61 5.21 10.39 13.39 19.59 70.3 65.3
Philippines 8.96 28.83 40.18 41.73 39.03 77.9 64.7
Qatar d 1.32 2.75 13.65 19.98 24.05 84.4 89.6
Russian Federation d - 31.17 132.71 185.62 241.84 69.8 82.9
Saudi Arabia d 18.23 22.05 55.57 72.27 87.85 72.9 76.3
Serbia ... ... 8.57 12.89 15.32 ... 66.6
Serbia and Montenegro ... 2.35 ... ... ... 63.3 64.8
Singapore 44.35 109.78 | 174.91 188.03 204.84 81.6 64.1
retained imports 30.07 55.39 | 61.55 65.32 70.57 73.4 44.9
South Africa b, d 13.43 19.21 49.03 56.28 59.04 71.7 67.4
Sri Lanka d 1.71 4.90 6.46 6.86 8.10 68.2 57.9
Switzerland 58.01 67.65 111.98 132.23 145.76 82.0 79.6
Syrian Arab Republic d 1.48 2.47 | 5.98 6.97 8.24 64.7 45.0
Taipei, Chinese 36.77 110.41 137.70 143.55 143.27 78.9 59.6
Thailand d 24.83 46.95 85.94 97.90 114.39 75.8 64.0
Trinidad and Tobago 0.64 1.86 3.34 3.85 4.83 56.1 48.4
Tunisia d 3.91 6.46 10.55 13.51 15.91 75.4 64.6
Turkey 13.63 38.16 88.88 107.03 117.91 70.0 58.4
Ukraine - 5.74 26.82 37.37 50.65 41.1 59.2
United Arab Emirates d 8.63 29.47 79.17 104.74 126.19 84.2 76.2
United States 375.65 968.21 1350.21 1409.46 1416.73 76.9 65.3
Viet Nam d 2.18 11.38 29.84 43.95 52.50 72.8 65.3
a Or nearest year.
f Includes significant imports into processing zones.
g See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.
h Includes significant imports of diamonds. For the most recent year, the share of diamonds in total imports of manufactures was 9 per cent for India and 24 per cent for Israel.
68
4.1. Iron and steel
Table II.34
Exports of iron and steel of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 587.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19 27 23
Europe
World 263.8 100.0 100.0 49.9 44.9 18 28 15
Europe 201.7 80.0 76.5 39.9 34.3 17 31 10 II
Middle East 17.5 2.4 6.6 1.2 3.0 34 27 69
Asia 13.7 4.4 5.2 2.2 2.3 20 24 17
North America 12.7 8.9 4.8 4.4 2.2 9 0 15
Africa 10.3 2.1 3.9 1.1 1.7 27 30 58
Asia
World 180.9 100.0 100.0 25.0 30.8 22 32 29
Asia 101.0 68.0 55.9 17.0 17.2 19 28 28
Europe 24.4 7.9 13.5 2.0 4.2 31 62 6
North America 24.2 17.5 13.4 4.4 4.1 18 -4 44
Middle East 15.9 3.6 8.8 0.9 2.7 37 69 26
Africa 6.0 1.4 3.3 0.3 1.0 37 49 56
China
World 71.0 100.0 100.0 3.1 12.1 42 58 38
Asia 27.5 56.4 38.7 1.7 4.7 35 52 36
Europe 14.3 13.7 20.1 0.4 2.4 49 75 4
North America 12.1 23.9 17.1 0.7 2.1 36 1 62
Middle East 7.5 3.6 10.5 0.1 1.3 62 193 43
Africa 3.4 1.1 4.8 0.0 0.6 70 85 105
Other economies in Asia
World 109.9 100.0 100.0 22.0 18.7 17 21 23
Asia 73.5 69.6 66.9 15.3 12.5 16 22 25
North America 12.1 16.6 11.0 3.6 2.1 11 -7 30
Europe 10.1 7.1 9.2 1.6 1.7 21 46 8
Middle East 8.5 3.6 7.7 0.8 1.4 29 30 15
Africa 2.5 1.4 2.3 0.3 0.4 24 29 18
World 66.8 100.0 100.0 9.7 11.4 22 25 40
Europe 28.3 27.1 42.3 2.6 4.8 29 28 48
Asia 8.3 31.0 12.4 3.0 1.4 9 19 52
Middle East 7.7 8.3 11.5 0.8 1.3 27 74 24
North America 3.3 8.0 5.0 0.8 0.6 15 -42 58
Africa 3.1 5.9 4.6 0.6 0.5 18 10 26
69
Table II.35
Imports of iron and steel of the European Union (27) and the United States by origin, 2008

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 240019 100.0 18 35 10 World 49713 100.0 13 -3 30
Europe 187410 78.1 17 31 10 Asia 17751 35.7 16 -1 36
Asia 21124 8.8 31 102 -1 North America 11070 22.3 13 8 31
II CIS 18225 7.6 27 26 30 Europe 9783 19.7 7 -3 11
Africa 4866 2.0 19 22 21 South and Central America 5743 11.6 13 5 24
South and Central America 4276 1.8 17 38 -12 CIS 3886 7.8 14 -37 68
North America 3631 1.5 19 72 13 Africa 1364 2.7 11 -31 61
Middle East 436 0.2 12 -25 -4 Middle East 115 0.2 11 -32 113
Economy Economy
China 11242 4.7 52 131 -4 China 7707 15.5 35 13 46
Russian Federation 9606 4.0 24 28 26 Canada 7583 15.3 13 12 30
Ukraine 6174 2.6 30 23 27 Brazil 3591 7.2 12 -4 22
Turkey 3822 1.6 22 55 -6 Mexico 3486 7.0 13 0 33
Above 5 207552 86.5 - - - Above 5 30985 62.3 - - -
India 3434 1.4 39 73 23 Korea, Republic of 2699 5.4 11 -14 50
South Africa 3396 1.4 19 19 31 Japan 2475 5.0 6 -7 25
Norway 2433 1.0 15 37 44 Russian Federation 1828 3.7 16 -51 46
United States 2314 1.0 17 79 6 Ukraine 1533 3.1 15 -21 106
Brazil 2211 0.9 16 48 -6 Taipei, Chinese 1292 2.6 8 -17 -8
Switzerland 2038 0.8 12 24 15 South Africa 1275 2.6 12 0 57
Japan 1218 0.5 13 24 17 Turkey 846 1.7 19 -70 152
Kazakhstan 1185 0.5 28 5 125 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 679 1.4 9 -25 76
Taipei, Chinese 1180 0.5 17 87 -21 Australia 637 1.3 12 -8 25
Serbia 1122 0.5 ... 34 27 Trinidad and Tobago 554 1.1 26 153 32
FYR Macedonia 936 0.4 25 89 -14 Kazakhstan 374 0.8 9 73 52
Egypt 760 0.3 31 33 13 Thailand 326 0.7 5 -22 16
Belarus 719 0.3 34 16 31 Argentina 314 0.6 7 2 109
Mexico 694 0.3 22 40 0 Colombia 256 0.5 24 27 3
Canada 623 0.3 28 110 81 Dominican Republic 215 0.4 14 47 -43
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 601 0.3 26 27 -24 Norway 210 0.4 7 -24 82
Indonesia 459 0.2 19 67 -9 Georgia 144 0.3 58 107 96
Colombia 451 0.2 12 28 -33 Malaysia 139 0.3 9 -35 -43
Chile 390 0.2 58 4 -4 Chile 121 0.2 28 72 27
Dominican Republic 351 0.1 17 46 6 Zimbabwe 89 0.2 12 -46 267
Moldova 265 0.1 35 207 31 Switzerland 65 0.1 3 12 -13
New Caledonia 259 0.1 8 81 -54 New Zealand 57 0.1 4 -13 -24
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 258 0.1 11 -37 -19 Viet Nam 46 0.1 64 -40 464
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 244 0.1 22 22 -10 New Caledonia 45 0.1 4 77 -39
Armenia 232 0.1 55 39 9 Philippines 44 0.1 16 82 -6
Argentina 216 0.1 3 90 -17 FYR Macedonia 44 0.1 2 289 12
Australia 211 0.1 7 115 -26 United Arab Emirates 40 0.1 19 -49 416
Tunisia 191 0.1 17 13 14 Israel 34 0.1 0 6 7
Thailand 175 0.1 4 52 -37 Oman 24 0.0 40 -56 424
Above 35 238755 99.5 - - - Above 35 49638 99.8 - - -
70
Table II.36
Leading exporters and importers of iron and steel, 2008

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
Exporters
European Union (27) 238.4 - - 47.0 40.6 17 19 28 12
extra-EU (27) exports 61.7 - - 11.5 10.5 18 12 21 18
China 71.0 0.3 1.2 3.1 12.1 42 69 58 38
Japan 44.1 20.1 11.8 10.4 7.5 15 9 15 28
Ukraine 25.5 - - 3.6 4.3 22 17 27 35
II
United States 20.1 4.2 3.3 4.4 3.4 16 11 19 33
Turkey 16.8 0.0 1.4 1.3 2.9 32 24 32 76
Brazil 13.7 1.1 3.4 2.5 2.3 18 4 7 35
Taipei, Chinese 12.7 0.4 0.8 3.2 2.2 14 15 21 4
India 11.2 0.1 0.2 0.9 1.9 31 27 27 35
Canada 9.3 2.3 1.9 2.3 1.6 14 11 14 31
South Africa 8.9 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.5 16 -2 30 19
Mexico 6.1 0.1 0.7 1.2 1.0 17 11 12 29
Kazakhstan 5.9 - - 0.8 1.0 24 4 67 68
Above 15 541.8 - - 92.4 92.3 - - - -
Importers
European Union (27) 240.0 - - 40.1 39.2 18 24 35 10
extra-EU (27) imports 63.3 - - 7.3 10.3 24 36 53 10
United States 49.7 10.1 9.5 12.3 8.1 13 30 -3 30
China 27.1 2.7 2.5 6.2 4.4 14 -18 12 12
Turkey 15.0 0.4 1.1 1.5 2.5 26 21 39 33
Thailand 13.6 0.6 2.4 1.8 2.2 22 -10 58 9
Canada 12.8 1.6 2.0 3.4 2.1 12 16 -4 19
Taipei, Chinese 11.8 1.4 2.5 3.0 1.9 12 -8 16 28
Japan 11.5 1.1 4.1 2.3 1.9 15 -10 28 38
Saudi Arabia 10.7 2.3 0.7 0.7 1.7 34 71 33 41
Mexico 9.8 2.2 1.0 2.5 1.6 12 24 1 24
India 9.6 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.6 36 25 50 15
Indonesia 8.9 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.5 24 -12 29 103
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 8.1 ... ... 1.0 1.3 23 9 51 -2
Above 15 470.9 - - 80.9 76.8 - - - -

71
4.2. Chemicals
Table II.37
Exports of chemicals of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 1705.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 14 19 15
Europe
World 992.7 100.0 100.0 58.5 58.2 14 19 13
Europe 715.4 70.8 72.1 41.4 41.9 15 20 12
II North America 101.8 11.7 10.3 6.9 6.0 12 11 6
Asia 72.6 8.4 7.3 4.9 4.3 12 16 15
Africa 21.0 2.2 2.1 1.3 1.2 14 21 18
Middle East 19.8 2.1 2.0 1.2 1.2 13 18 17
Asia
World 325.5 100.0 100.0 17.3 19.1 16 21 13
Asia 203.3 65.1 62.4 11.3 11.9 15 20 11
Europe 50.2 14.5 15.4 2.5 2.9 17 26 11
North America 35.1 14.2 10.8 2.5 2.1 12 14 14
Middle East 9.8 1.9 3.0 0.3 0.6 23 40 27
Africa 9.6 1.7 2.9 0.3 0.6 24 39 24
China
World 79.3 100.0 100.0 2.1 4.7 26 35 32
Asia 34.0 43.6 42.9 0.9 2.0 26 40 27
Europe 17.0 26.1 21.5 0.5 1.0 23 28 27
North America 13.8 20.3 17.4 0.4 0.8 24 20 38
Middle East 3.0 2.8 3.8 0.1 0.2 31 48 32
Africa 2.9 2.6 3.7 0.1 0.2 32 41 43
World 246.2 100.0 100.0 15.2 14.4 14 18 8
Asia 169.3 68.1 68.8 10.4 9.9 14 17 8
Europe 33.1 13.0 13.5 2.0 1.9 14 25 5
North America 21.4 13.4 8.7 2.0 1.3 8 12 3
Middle East 6.7 1.8 2.7 0.3 0.4 20 37 24
Africa 6.6 1.6 2.7 0.2 0.4 21 38 16
North America
World 228.9 100.0 100.0 17.6 13.4 11 15 15
North America 79.9 39.1 34.9 6.9 4.7 9 6 10
Europe 63.4 25.3 27.7 4.4 3.7 12 20 8
Asia 52.3 23.3 22.8 4.1 3.1 10 18 22
Middle East 3.2 1.1 1.4 0.2 0.2 14 40 18
Africa 2.3 0.9 1.0 0.2 0.1 12 27 15
72
Table II.38
Leading exporters and importers of chemicals, 2008

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
Exporters
European Union (27) 910.6 - - 54.1 53.4 14 12 19 12
extra-EU (27) exports 301.1 - - 18.8 17.7 13 13 17 11
United States 179.6 14.8 13.3 14.1 10.5 10 13 14 16
China a 79.3 0.8 1.3 2.1 4.7 26 24 35 32
Japan 69.1 4.7 5.3 6.0 4.1 9 10 13 6
Switzerland 68.9 4.0 4.7 3.7 4.0 15 14 15 16
Korea, Republic of 42.7 0.5 0.8 2.4 2.5 15 15 18 14 II
Canada 37.9 2.5 2.2 2.5 2.2 12 13 18 9
Singapore 31.9 0.5 1.1 1.6 1.9 16 18 9 -5
re-exports 7.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 11 11 17 10
Taipei, Chinese 31.1 0.4 0.9 1.6 1.8 16 12 28 9
India 20.3 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.2 21 24 17 22
Hong Kong, China 17.4 - - - - 7 10 10 2
domestic exports 1.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 7 13 14 3
re-exports 16.0 - - - - 7 10 9 2
Saudi Arabia b 15.8 0.1 0.8 0.7 0.9 18 9 19 11
Israel 15.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 18 19 17 44
Thailand 13.8 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.8 16 17 17 13
Above 15 1545.9 - - 92.4 90.6 - - - -
Importers
European Union (27) 795.9 - - 44.7 45.8 14 12 20 13
extra-EU (27) imports 186.3 - - 10.7 10.7 14 14 21 13
United States 180.9 6.2 7.7 12.5 10.4 11 11 9 14
China a 119.0 2.0 2.2 5.0 6.8 19 12 23 11
Japan 55.4 4.1 5.0 4.3 3.2 10 10 11 21
Canada c 42.1 2.2 2.5 3.3 2.4 10 14 9 5
Switzerland 37.4 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.2 14 9 21 4
Brazil 34.0 2.4 1.1 1.6 2.0 17 13 39 48
India 33.8 ... 1.0 0.8 1.9 28 17 28 63
Mexico a, c 33.8 1.5 1.2 2.5 1.9 11 12 10 12
Taipei, Chinese 30.4 1.3 2.3 2.6 1.7 9 14 10 6
Turkey 25.3 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.5 17 12 20 16
Hong Kong, China 22.0 - - - - 6 8 7 3
Australia c 19.9 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 12 4 19 19
Above 15 1477.3 - - 85.6 84.9 - - - -

c Imports are valued f.o.b.
73
Table II.39
Leading exporters and importers of pharmaceuticals, 2008

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
Exporters
European Union (27) 293.3 65.1 68.7 19 12 19 14
extra-EU (27) exports 112.8 28.6 26.4 18 16 19 12
Switzerland 44.2 9.6 10.4 20 20 16 22
United States 38.3 12.1 9.0 14 13 15 14
China a 8.1 1.6 1.9 21 19 34 34
Canada 6.2 1.1 1.4 22 34 32 0
II India 5.8 1.0 1.4 22 27 32 27
Singapore 5.0 0.9 1.2 22 79 19 -21
domestic exports 4.1 0.5 1.0 28 95 19 -24
re-exports 0.9 0.4 0.2 9 19 24 -3
Israel 4.8 0.4 1.1 35 53 11 38
Japan 3.7 2.5 0.9 4 -4 0 15
Australia 3.3 1.1 0.8 14 6 25 3
Hong Kong, China 1.5 - - 10 41 25 26
domestic exports 0.3 0.1 0.1 12 8 15 17
re-exports 1.3 - - 9 53 28 28
Mexico a 1.5 0.8 0.3 7 -4 10 0
Brazil 1.1 0.2 0.2 19 31 22 29
Korea, Republic of 1.0 0.3 0.2 15 20 34 25
Norway 0.7 0.2 0.2 15 3 27 7
Above 15 417.2 97.2 97.8 - - - -
Importers
European Union (27) 240.5 51.2 56.4 20 11 17 16
extra-EU (27) imports 59.9 15.3 14.0 17 15 12 21
United States 59.9 13.4 14.0 19 18 17 11
Switzerland 17.8 4.7 4.2 17 14 13 6
Japan 11.4 4.3 2.7 11 7 6 22
Canada b 11.0 3.4 2.6 14 21 10 4
Russian Federation c 9.2 1.1 2.2 29 52 20 35
Australia b 7.1 2.1 1.7 15 1 21 7
China a 5.5 0.9 1.3 25 18 43 42
Brazil 5.0 1.6 1.2 14 26 32 24
Turkey 4.7 1.2 1.1 17 5 15 23
Mexico a, b 4.6 1.3 1.1 16 22 12 19
Saudi Arabia c 2.8 0.8 0.7 16 12 15 27
Ukraine 2.5 0.3 0.6 31 32 39 25
Iran, Islamic Rep. of c 2.0 0.3 0.5 22 63 37 16
Above 15 387.3 87.3 90.8 - - - -

74
4.3. Office and telecom equipment
Table II.40
Exports of office and telecom equipment of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 1561.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6 4 3
Asia
World 909.8 100.0 100.0 47.3 58.3 9 10 3
Asia 461.6 48.5 50.7 22.9 29.6 10 11 2 II
North America 202.3 29.4 22.2 13.9 13.0 5 3 -1
Europe 201.2 20.0 22.1 9.4 12.9 10 15 6
Middle East 13.4 0.8 1.5 0.4 0.9 18 17 28
Africa 7.9 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.5 23 24 30
China
World 382.2 100.0 100.0 4.5 24.5 31 21 10
Asia 128.2 37.3 33.6 1.7 8.2 29 21 12
Europe 118.1 25.2 30.9 1.1 7.6 35 31 11
North America 109.8 34.2 28.7 1.5 7.0 28 11 1
Middle East 6.8 0.9 1.8 0.0 0.4 43 38 52
Africa 5.5 0.6 1.4 0.0 0.3 47 43 47
World 527.6 100.0 100.0 42.8 33.8 3 4 -1
Asia 333.3 49.7 63.2 21.2 21.3 6 8 -1
North America 92.5 28.9 17.5 12.4 5.9 -3 -5 -4
Europe 83.1 19.4 15.8 8.3 5.3 0 1 -1
Middle East 6.6 0.8 1.3 0.3 0.4 10 5 10
Africa 2.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.2 8 2 3
Europe
World 414.6 100.0 100.0 29.7 26.6 5 -6 1
Europe 312.7 74.7 75.4 22.2 20.0 5 -9 2
Asia 39.4 11.0 9.5 3.3 2.5 3 7 2
North America 17.3 7.7 4.2 2.3 1.1 -3 -3 -2
Middle East 12.5 1.8 3.0 0.5 0.8 12 -7 -7
Africa 11.8 1.9 2.8 0.6 0.8 10 9 2
North America
World 208.1 100.0 100.0 21.5 13.3 0 3 2
North America 96.5 44.3 46.4 9.5 6.2 1 6 2
Asia 58.0 31.2 27.9 6.7 3.7 -1 -2 -2
Europe 29.0 17.4 14.0 3.7 1.9 -3 2 0
Middle East 2.7 1.1 1.3 0.2 0.2 2 8 19
Africa 1.3 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 6 -19 6
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 8 17 -9
75
Table II.41
Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 536164 100.0 6 -3 3 World 259944 100.0 2 4 -1
Europe 291554 54.4 5 -10 1 Asia 198664 76.4 3 2 -1
Asia 208510 38.9 10 9 7 North America 45234 17.4 1 15 -1
North America 29028 5.4 -4 1 -8 Europe 13488 5.2 -2 -2 7
II South and Central America 2892 0.5 10 -5 14 Middle East 1316 0.5 -5 -3 -14
Middle East 1912 0.4 -1 -33 -3 South and Central America 1080 0.4 -7 -16 -10
Africa 1247 0.2 11 16 1 Africa 140 0.1 -3 -1 4
CIS 685 0.1 20 81 8 CIS 22 0.0 1 39 -12
Economy Economy
European Union (27) 286071 53.4 5 -10 1 China 105360 40.5 21 9 2
China 108931 20.3 29 20 13 Mexico 38533 14.8 4 18 0
United States 24155 4.5 -5 2 -13 Malaysia 21369 8.2 1 -16 -12
Japan 22510 4.2 -1 0 3 Japan 19226 7.4 -8 -5 -4
Korea, Republic of 19865 3.7 9 9 -1 Korea, Republic of 15754 6.1 -3 4 10
Above 5 461532 86.1 - - - Above 5 200242 77.0 - - -
Taipei, Chinese 16045 3.0 2 0 -6 Taipei, Chinese 13629 5.2 -4 -2 -7
Malaysia 12804 2.4 5 3 -2 European Union (27) 12644 4.9 -2 -3 5
Singapore 8069 1.5 -3 -21 -10 Thailand 8982 3.5 6 2 3
Thailand 6398 1.2 9 14 13 Singapore 7177 2.8 -8 -4 -17
Hong Kong, China 5552 1.0 8 -13 40 Canada 6701 2.6 -10 -1 -4
Philippines 4348 0.8 0 -6 -7 Philippines 3322 1.3 -11 -6 -11
Mexico 3102 0.6 12 2 66 Indonesia 1637 0.6 -3 10 10
Costa Rica 2526 0.5 10 -3 17 Israel 1306 0.5 -5 -1 -14
Turkey 2177 0.4 11 -16 -18 Hong Kong, China 933 0.4 -8 -2 -5
Switzerland 1799 0.3 0 -28 -3 Costa Rica 666 0.3 -6 6 2
Canada 1769 0.3 -6 -7 -18 Viet Nam 605 0.2 163 51 31
Indonesia 1690 0.3 4 15 -9 India 468 0.2 25 -19 77
Israel 1353 0.3 -3 14 -1 Norway 443 0.2 15 24 43
India 1255 0.2 35 36 127 Switzerland 386 0.1 0 3 65
Norway 1163 0.2 7 15 33 Brazil 249 0.1 -13 -47 -21
Above 20 531582 99.1 - - - Above 20 259389 99.8 - - -
76
Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008

China a Japan

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 231489 100.0 23 14 2 World 72554 100.0 2 1 4
Asia 205491 88.8 26 15 2 Asia 60756 83.7 5 3 6
North America 13608 5.9 11 9 6 North America 8250 11.4 -7 -6 -7
Europe 9281 4.0 3 9 -4 Europe 2959 4.1 -6 -6 9
South and Central America 2261 1.0 97 29 -1 South and Central America 270 0.4 3 -2 16 II
Africa 285 0.1 30 12 -12 Africa 11 0.0 -3 -14 -8
CIS 50 0.0 3 -20 35 CIS 3 0.0 15 -17 -40
Economy Economy
China 47517 20.5 43 9 11 China 30604 42.2 22 7 13
Taipei, Chinese 36404 15.7 27 16 1 Taipei, Chinese 8239 11.4 -2 -8 0
Korea, Republic of 33780 14.6 29 14 -1 Korea, Republic of 7471 10.3 2 15 -8
Japan 28169 12.2 15 14 0 United States 7306 10.1 -8 -7 -9
Malaysia 18403 8.0 28 14 7 Malaysia 4529 6.2 -4 -3 15
Above 5 164273 71.0 - - - Above 5 58150 80.1 - - -
Philippines 16564 7.2 40 29 -15 Thailand 3302 4.6 4 3 -5
Thailand 12734 5.5 33 36 19 European Union (27) 2890 4.0 -6 -7 10
United States 11400 4.9 10 7 5 Singapore 2620 3.6 -4 -7 1
European Union (27) 8999 3.9 3 8 -5 Philippines 2368 3.3 -6 -4 -17
Singapore 6380 2.8 17 -7 -4 Indonesia 830 1.1 0 3 14
Hong Kong, China 3291 1.4 5 26 -8 Mexico 637 0.9 3 12 26
Costa Rica 2232 1.0 102 32 -2 Viet Nam 575 0.8 46 47 136
Indonesia 1574 0.7 24 -1 -4 Canada 308 0.4 -4 -15 -17
Mexico 1271 0.5 21 28 -2 Costa Rica 263 0.4 7 0 15
Canada 937 0.4 14 1 34 Hong Kong, China 224 0.3 -10 -1 -20
Israel 504 0.2 21 40 1 Israel 184 0.3 5 1 79
Viet Nam 456 0.2 75 214 113 India 37 0.1 28 75 164
Morocco 280 0.1 31 14 -13 Norway 36 0.1 12 46 36
Switzerland 167 0.1 18 17 -17 Switzerland 33 0.0 -12 31 -26
Norway 109 0.0 29 71 105 Australia 16 0.0 -14 54 -34
Above 20 231171 99.9 - - - Above 20 72472 99.9 - - -
a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 20.5 per cent of its office and telecom equipment imports. For further information, see the Metadata.
77
Table II.42
Leading exporters and importers of office and telecom equipment, 2008

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
Exporters
European Union (27) 405.8 - - 29.2 26.0 5 15 -6 1
extra-EU (27) exports 119.7 - - 8.7 7.7 5 -3 4 1
China 382.2 0.1 1.0 4.5 24.5 31 27 21 10
Hong Kong, China 146.6 - - - - 14 14 9 7
domestic exports 1.8 2.0 1.6 0.4 0.1 -9 1 -47 -1
re-exports 144.8 - - - - 15 14 11 8
II United States 137.4 19.5 17.3 15.8 8.8 -1 8 -1 2
Singapore 121.0 3.2 6.4 7.6 7.7 6 16 2 1
re-exports 69.9 0.7 1.5 3.3 4.5 10 11 4 8
Japan 103.3 21.1 22.5 11.2 6.6 -1 2 4 0
Korea, Republic of 88.1 2.0 4.8 6.1 5.6 5 1 11 -5
Taipei, Chinese 69.7 3.2 4.7 6.0 4.5 2 26 1 -3
Malaysia 67.7 1.4 2.7 5.4 4.3 3 13 1 -1
Mexico 56.3 0.1 1.5 3.5 3.6 7 22 16 5
Thailand 32.5 0.0 1.2 1.9 2.1 7 23 9 1
Philippines 25.7 0.1 0.6 2.6 1.6 0 9 10 -10
Canada 14.3 2.0 1.9 2.1 0.9 -5 8 3 -6
United Arab Emirates 11.4 ... ... 0.2 0.7 28 -1 22 2
Israel 6.3 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.4 -1 12 9 -3
Above 15 1523.4 - - 97.2 97.6 - - - -
Importers
European Union (27) 536.2 - - 34.0 32.1 6 17 -3 3
extra-EU (27) imports 250.1 - - 14.7 15.0 7 10 7 4
United States 259.9 15.9 21.1 21.3 15.5 2 9 3 -1
China 231.5 0.6 1.3 4.4 13.8 23 23 14 2
Hong Kong, China 148.2 - - - - 12 16 10 4
Singapore 87.3 2.6 4.5 5.4 5.2 6 15 2 0
Japan 72.6 2.6 3.7 6.0 4.3 2 3 1 4
Mexico 47.9 0.9 1.5 2.9 2.9 6 18 4 9
Malaysia 45.7 1.6 1.9 3.2 2.7 4 10 5 -5
Taipei, Chinese 39.5 1.4 2.5 3.8 2.4 0 7 -2 -3
Canada 33.1 4.1 3.5 3.0 2.0 1 9 5 3
United Arab Emirates 23.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 1.4 25 8 -1 51
Thailand 22.3 0.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 6 9 5 2
Philippines 20.2 0.2 0.7 1.5 1.2 4 6 5 -18
Above 15 1491.8 - - 92.3 89.2 - - - -
a Includes significant shipments through processing zones

c In 2008, China reported imports of office and telecom equipment from China amounting to $47.5 billion. For further information, see the Metadata.
78
Table II.43
Exports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a
World 298551 | 968714 1456071 1519459 1561384 15.4 9.9

Argentina 119 94 121 151 150 0.4 0.2
Australia 741 1781 1759 1969 2150 2.8 1.1
Belarus - 99 90 99 104 1.4 0.3
Brazil 692 2317 3979 2678 3162 4.2 1.6
Canada 5622 20631 14751 15189 14262 7.5 3.1
China b 3126 43498 287316 347798 382213 17.5 26.8
Costa Rica b 0 1688 2004 2407 2175 28.8 22.5
II
Croatia ... 87 276 361 399 2.0 2.8
European Union (27) - 282381 426741 400710 405761 11.5 6.9
intra-EU (27) exports - 198419 313158 282621 286071 11.9 7.2
extra-EU (27) exports - 83962 113583 118089 119690 10.7 6.2
Hong Kong, China 12886 50066 124673 136411 146577 24.7 39.6
re-exports 8114 46069 121250 134398 144766 25.7 41.0
India 182 384 1173 1356 1737 0.9 1.0
Indonesia 124 7280 6063 5291 5800 11.1 4.2
Israel 1226 6939 5934 6470 6278 22.1 10.3
Japan 67032 108179 99490 103195 103264 22.6 13.2
Jordan 4 36 195 383 289 1.9 3.7
Macao, China 14 19 73 143 114 0.8 5.7
Malaysia b, c 8207 52382 67874 68400 67695 53.3 33.9
Mauritius b, c 3 2 306 92 91 0.1 3.9
Mexico b 4535 34042 46586 53911 56349 20.5 19.3
Morocco b 110 506 782 795 712 6.8 3.5
New Zealand 95 231 369 422 407 1.7 1.3
Norway 655 1142 1526 1703 2267 1.9 1.3
Pakistan 4 6 94 83 87 0.1 0.4
Philippines b, c 1835 25138 25862 28560 25651 63.2 52.3
Saudi Arabia c 14 29 166 188 181 0.0 0.1
Serbia ... ... 61 102 235 ... 2.1
Singapore 19235 73820 | 118023 120334 120994 53.6 35.8
re-exports 4549 32297 | 62462 64882 69915 54.6 43.0
South Africa ... 409 764 883 891 1.4 1.1
Switzerland 1520 2909 | 2773 3160 3502 3.6 1.7
Taipei, Chinese 14105 57821 71035 72025 69730 39.0 27.3
Thailand 3520 18653 29354 32103 32544 27.0 18.3
Tunisia 24 49 335 347 649 0.8 3.4
Turkey 259 1008 3165 2871 2400 3.6 1.8
Ukraine - 94 279 596 669 0.6 1.0
United Arab Emirates c ... 1633 9163 11167 11407 3.3 4.9
United States 51658 153399 136263 134694 137374 19.6 10.7
Viet Nam c ... 652 1713 1926 2385 4.5 3.8
a Or nearest year.
b Includes significant exports from processing zones.
79
Table II.44
Imports of office and telecom equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008


1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 253 444 1208 1134 1688 4.8 4.3
Argentina 305 3477 3961 4593 4957 13.8 8.6
Australia b 4343 10771 15511 17375 17995 15.1 9.4
Bangladesh c, d 91 199 1013 892 1144 2.2 4.8
Belarus - 194 573 622 816 2.2 2.1
Brazil e 1514 7601 11040 12364 16302 13.6 9.4
Canada b 10475 30418 30458 32117 33142 12.7 8.1
II Chile 456 1681 2867 3180 3421 9.1 5.5
China f 4058 44427 197948 226459 231489 19.7 20.4
Colombia 365 1048 3127 3671 4148 9.1 10.5
Costa Rica f 84 977 2399 1930 2435 15.3 15.8
Croatia ... 418 1291 1550 1700 5.3 5.5
Ecuador 57 200 926 931 1380 5.4 7.4
Egypt 226 593 858 1164 1776 4.2 3.7
El Salvador f ... 325 465 613 494 6.6 5.1
European Union (27) g - 343708 536577 522844 536164 13.3 8.6
extra-EU (27) imports - 148928 224251 240223 250093 16.2 11.0
Guatemala f 61 419 | 822 907 867 8.7 6.0
Hong Kong, China 12326 59370 129590 142194 148170 27.7 37.7
India 662 2664 12793 15382 16979 5.2 5.8
Indonesia 892 705 2150 3522 11509 1.6 9.1
Israel 939 4894 4495 4882 5257 13.0 7.8
Japan 11273 60866 68686 69659 72554 16.0 9.5
Jordan 56 201 732 1055 1078 4.4 6.4
Kazakhstan - 261 825 1316 766 5.2 2.0
Kenya 124 142 354 465 633 4.6 5.7
Kuwait 128 409 892 1062 1396 5.7 5.6
Macao, China 64 104 480 622 617 4.6 11.5
Malaysia f 5744 32405 46062 48198 45721 39.5 29.1
Mexico b, f 4640 29011 42418 43928 47852 16.6 15.5
Morocco f 306 1212 1473 1927 1958 10.5 4.7
New Zealand 905 1618 2356 2682 2711 11.6 7.9
Norway 1732 3352 5488 6375 6966 9.7 7.8
Pakistan 236 372 2530 2125 2077 3.4 4.9
Panama 65 244 398 416 608 7.2 6.7
Paraguay 320 224 1578 1548 1853 10.2 18.2
Peru d 100 656 1329 1455 2128 8.9 7.1
Philippines d 2044 15150 23299 24519 20182 40.9 33.5
Qatar 52 143 721 813 1049 4.4 3.9
Saudi Arabia d 811 1242 4789 6023 6609 4.1 5.7
Serbia ... ... 700 1102 1110 ... 4.8
Singapore 13392 54107 | 85262 87353 87307 40.2 27.3
South Africa b ... 3364 7112 7349 7371 12.6 8.4
Sri Lanka d 51 259 496 535 523 3.6 3.7
Sudan ... 96 549 2073 463 6.2 5.1
Switzerland 4797 8045 8971 9805 10674 9.7 5.8
Taipei, Chinese 7438 38646 41477 40737 39472 27.6 16.4
Thailand 3421 14055 20863 21841 22290 22.7 12.5
Tunisia 149 318 799 790 1055 3.7 4.3
Turkey 1234 5522 7634 8724 8119 10.1 4.0
Ukraine - 327 1438 1388 1627 2.3 1.9
United States 63365 215544 253703 262582 259944 17.1 12.0
Viet Nam d ... 1038 2990 4504 5380 6.6 6.7
a Or nearest year.
80
4.3.1. EDP equipment
Table II.45
Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 218321 100.0 5 -5 0 World 104718 100.0 1 2 -5
Europe 120525 55.2 4 -4 -1 Asia 90633 86.6 3 3 -5 II
Asia 83158 38.1 7 1 3 North America 8428 8.0 -5 3 -7
North America 11182 5.1 -5 -33 -6 Europe 4759 4.5 -6 -15 -1
South and Central America 2510 1.2 13 -4 20 South and Central America 511 0.5 -7 16 -6
Middle East 613 0.3 1 5 1 Middle East 366 0.4 -1 48 -35
Africa 232 0.1 16 34 -5 Africa 17 0.0 12 -10 89
CIS 75 0.0 6 -6 19 CIS 4 0.0 19 0 100
Economy Economy
European Union (27) 119473 54.7 4 -5 -1 China 53991 51.6 21 10 -1
China 49715 22.8 26 12 11 Malaysia 11840 11.3 4 -3 -18
United States 9530 4.4 -6 -36 -7 Japan 8383 8.0 -8 -4 -2
Japan 8408 3.9 -3 -1 1 Mexico 6474 6.2 -4 0 -7
Taipei, Chinese 5526 2.5 -7 -29 -12 Singapore 4723 4.5 -9 -15 -10
Above 5 192652 88.2 - - - Above 5 85411 81.6 - - -
Malaysia 5348 2.5 5 2 -11 European Union (27) 4567 4.4 -6 -16 -2
Singapore 4364 2.0 -3 -17 -6 Thailand 4105 3.9 5 10 4
Thailand 3269 1.5 8 11 12 Taipei, Chinese 2739 2.6 -16 -25 -21
Costa Rica 2446 1.1 13 -3 21 Korea, Republic of 2695 2.6 -13 -1 -19
Korea, Republic of 1968 0.9 -9 -6 -24 Canada 1954 1.9 -8 15 -8
Hong Kong, China 1900 0.9 3 -19 10 Philippines 935 0.9 -12 -3 -12
Philippines 1574 0.7 -6 -11 -19 Indonesia 507 0.5 -5 16 13
Mexico 925 0.4 2 -4 17 Costa Rica 424 0.4 -8 22 0
Switzerland 754 0.3 1 39 -11 Israel 363 0.3 -1 49 -35
Canada 727 0.3 2 -2 -18 Viet Nam 295 0.3 221 31 16
Israel 440 0.2 -1 37 -1 Hong Kong, China 248 0.2 -5 18 19
Indonesia 402 0.2 -5 -2 -12 Switzerland 134 0.1 -6 -1 53
Viet Nam 390 0.2 83 24 46 India 99 0.1 19 -7 136
India 185 0.1 30 51 38 Norway 52 0.1 -6 25 2
Norway 174 0.1 -1 -10 0 Australia 46 0.0 0 33 -26
Above 20 217519 99.6 - - - Above 20 104574 99.9 - - -
81
Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008

China a Japan
2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 46471 100.0 20 12 2 World 24576 100.0 -1 -11 4
Asia 42373 91.2 23 13 3 Asia 21597 87.9 1 -7 5
North America 2445 5.3 2 -8 -6 North America 1664 6.8 -14 -35 -8
Europe 1565 3.4 9 5 -8 Europe 1116 4.5 -10 -8 4
II Middle East 79 0.2 18 67 58 Middle East 46 0.2 -5 -33 21
South and Central America 6 0.0 25 -36 -14 South and Central America 43 0.2 -1 -27 95
Africa 2 0.0 ... 0 100 Africa 1 0.0 -8 0 0
CIS 1 0.0 0 100 -50 CIS 0 0.0 ... ... ...
Economy Economy
China 15654 33.7 39 15 2 China 15570 63.4 23 -1 9
Thailand 8283 17.8 36 44 25 United States 1344 5.5 -15 -35 -13
Korea, Republic of 3864 8.3 26 49 -28 Thailand 1271 5.2 1 -11 2
Japan 3863 8.3 11 -5 -2 Singapore 1159 4.7 -7 -20 -1
Philippines 3022 6.5 29 -2 14 European Union (27) 1096 4.5 -10 -9 5
Above 5 34686 74.6 - - - Above 5 20439 83.2 - - -
Malaysia 2334 5.0 16 -2 43 Taipei, Chinese 962 3.9 -20 -33 0
United States 2075 4.5 2 -5 -6 Philippines 805 3.3 -10 -7 -4
Singapore 2060 4.4 11 8 -1 Malaysia 678 2.8 -14 -33 2
Taipei, Chinese 1999 4.3 8 -16 -6 Korea, Republic of 639 2.6 -16 -10 -37
European Union (27) 1534 3.3 9 4 -7 Indonesia 292 1.2 4 7 15
Indonesia 799 1.7 20 -20 -12 Mexico 268 1.1 2 -26 38
Mexico 317 0.7 5 -12 -13 Viet Nam 111 0.5 41 9 95
Viet Nam 279 0.6 117 235 98 Hong Kong, China 59 0.2 -14 -46 -24
Hong Kong, China 186 0.4 -13 -50 -28 Canada 53 0.2 -18 -57 -21
Israel 78 0.2 20 68 57 Israel 46 0.2 -5 -34 21
Canada 54 0.1 12 -47 7 Costa Rica 41 0.2 -1 -10 99
India 22 0.0 47 55 -51 India 30 0.1 ... 200 233
Switzerland 21 0.0 5 76 -34 Switzerland 15 0.1 -18 41 -39
Norway 8 0.0 22 20 121 Australia 6 0.0 -20 19 -40
Australia 6 0.0 -10 64 -69 Norway 4 0.0 -1 16 -24
Above 20 46457 100.0 - - - Above 20 24447 99.5 - - -
a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for nearly 34 per cent of its EDP and office equipment imports. For further information, see the Metadata.
82
Table II.46
Leading exporters and importers of EDP and office equipment, 2008

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
Exporters
China a 176.8 5.0 32.2 32 21 23 7
European Union (27) 156.6 30.5 28.6 4 10 -3 -1
extra-EU (27) exports 37.2 7.0 6.8 5 2 3 -1
United States 47.1 15.5 8.6 -2 5 -4 0
Hong Kong, China 37.1 - - 11 9 -14 7
domestic exports 0.2 0.3 0.0 -17 42 -85 -45
re-exports
Singapore
36.9
32.9
-
8.4
-
6.0
11
1
8
0
-10
0
7
2
II
domestic exports 16.3 6.0 3.0 -4 0 -2 -20
re-exports 16.6 2.4 3.0 8 1 5 38
Malaysia a, b 26.8 5.6 4.9 3 22 -3 -1
Japan 24.5 9.5 4.5 -4 -1 3 -2
Thailand 17.6 2.4 3.2 9 27 13 6
Korea, Republic of 14.7 5.3 2.7 -4 1 10 -25
Taipei, Chinese 10.7 7.9 2.0 -12 -3 -13 -15
Mexico a 10.3 3.2 1.9 -2 6 0 -16
Philippines a, b 9.0 1.9 1.6 3 5 25 -12
United Arab Emirates b 4.2 0.2 0.8 27 81 55 2
Canada 4.1 1.5 0.7 -4 6 10 -5
Indonesia 1.8 0.8 0.3 -6 -11 -27 -1
Above 15 537.3 97.7 98.0 - - - -
Importers
European Union (27) 218.3 39.8 39.2 5 13 -5 0
extra-EU (27) imports 98.8 17.5 17.8 5 14 -4 3
United States 104.7 24.7 18.8 1 8 2 -5
China a, c 46.5 2.8 8.4 20 14 12 2
Hong Kong, China 35.3 - - 9 14 -10 7
retained imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Japan 24.6 7.2 4.4 -1 -4 -11 4
Singapore 20.7 4.4 3.7 3 -1 2 5
retained imports 4.1 2.1 0.7 -8 -3 -4 -47
Canada d 13.3 3.2 2.4 1 8 3 -2
United Arab Emirates b 12.8 0.3 2.3 33 25 10 99
Mexico a, d 11.7 1.5 2.1 9 3 -3 3
Malaysia a 9.7 1.2 1.7 10 5 6 -10
Korea, Republic of 8.6 2.0 1.5 1 14 11 -3
Australia d 8.1 1.3 1.5 6 7 14 1
Thailand 7.5 1.0 1.3 9 12 10 6
Russian Federation b 6.6 0.4 1.2 22 15 17 15
Taipei, Chinese 5.1 2.7 0.9 -9 -7 5 -4
Above 15 e 498.2 92.4 89.5 - - - -

c In 2008, China reported imports of EDP and office equipment imports from China amounting to 15.7 billion dollars. For further information, see the Metadata.
e Excludes retained imports of Hong Kong, China.
83
Table II.47
Exports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008


1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a
World ... 372015 519331 547715 548199 5.9 3.5

Australia 494 811 864 975 1038 1.3 0.6
Brazil 172 490 501 324 409 0.9 0.2
Canada 2708 5516 3912 4306 4085 2.0 0.9
China b 375 18638 134494 165866 176784 7.5 12.4
Costa Rica b ... 1628 639 1026 1053 27.8 10.9
Croatia ... 11 77 123 130 0.2 0.9
II European Union (27) - 113286 164286 158785 156627 4.6 2.7
intra-EU (27) exports - 87387 127763 121193 119473 5.2 3.0
extra-EU (27) exports - 25899 36523 37592 37154 3.3 1.9
Hong Kong, China 3518 16402 40583 34722 37067 8.1 10.0
re-exports 1432 15465 38075 34343 36858 8.6 10.4
India 112 209 483 452 517 0.5 0.3
Indonesia 1 3041 2461 1798 1781 4.6 1.3
Israel 421 902 845 957 1126 2.9 1.9
Japan 24832 35209 24131 24876 24488 7.3 3.1
Jordan 2 13 22 26 41 0.7 0.5
Macao, China ... 12 52 89 51 0.5 2.6
Malaysia b, c 676 20689 27982 27119 26778 21.1 13.4
Mexico b ... 11757 12283 12340 10341 7.1 3.5
New Zealand 53 82 150 157 134 0.6 0.4
Norway 350 460 399 392 430 0.8 0.2
Philippines b, c 180 7208 8178 10209 9016 18.1 18.4
Saudi Arabia c ... 8 82 68 83 0.0 0.0
Serbia ... ... 33 55 77 ... 0.7
Singapore 9205 31118 | 32195 32305 32858 22.6 9.7
re-exports 1183 8799 | 11427 12042 16605 14.9 10.2
South Africa ... 141 270 257 270 0.5 0.3
Sri Lanka ... ... 39 25 9 ... 0.1
Switzerland 617 1359 | 741 1048 1121 1.7 0.6
Taipei, Chinese 6673 29309 14501 12665 10736 19.8 4.2
Thailand 1562 8769 14658 16610 17600 12.7 9.9
Tunisia 2 2 59 111 120 0.0 0.6
Turkey 20 63 89 138 151 0.2 0.1
Ukraine - 16 46 36 43 0.1 0.1
United States 27766 57595 49193 47300 47101 7.4 3.7
Viet Nam c ... 486 1180 1053 1304 3.4 2.1
a Or nearest year.
84
Table II.48
Imports of EDP and office equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 94 111 324 327 532 1.2 1.3
Argentina 120 1191 1217 1418 1626 4.7 2.8
Australia b 2697 5043 7021 8021 8133 7.1 4.2
Belarus - 91 182 243 328 1.1 0.8
Brazil c 469 1962 2719 3472 4300 3.5 2.5
Canada b 5171 12042 13161 13535 13328 5.0 3.3
Chile 144 654 962 1060 1264 3.5 2.0
China d
Colombia
772
123
10858
420
40692
858
45458
1246
46471
1451
4.8
3.6
4.1
3.7
II
Costa Rica d 40 175 296 347 545 2.7 3.5
Croatia ... 191 538 622 637 2.4 2.1
Ecuador 20 84 278 319 434 2.3 2.3
Egypt 78 206 264 216 517 1.5 1.1
European Union (27) e - 152035 228115 217611 218321 5.9 3.5
extra-EU (27) imports - 66800 100942 96418 98848 7.3 4.3
Guatemala d 25 130 | 233 295 266 2.7 1.8
Hong Kong, China 2278 18341 36690 33112 35324 8.6 9.0
India 237 1429 4151 4197 4832 2.8 1.6
Indonesia 246 215 573 1017 3277 0.5 2.6
Iran, Islamic Rep. of f ... 155 491 530 516 1.1 0.9
Israel 436 1717 1693 1879 1921 4.6 2.8
Japan 5335 27551 26438 23633 24576 7.3 3.2
Kazakhstan - 68 232 442 355 1.3 0.9
Kuwait ... 134 318 364 410 1.9 1.6
Malaysia d 686 4450 10207 10806 9708 5.4 6.2
Mexico b, d ... 5651 11581 11267 11652 3.2 3.8
Morocco d 70 195 424 461 520 1.7 1.2
New Zealand 446 734 1171 1289 1276 5.3 3.7
Norway 1046 1710 2612 2921 3196 5.0 3.6
Pakistan 47 204 319 280 291 1.9 0.7
Paraguay 25 114 995 914 826 5.2 8.1
Peru f 47 278 430 466 682 3.7 2.3
Philippines f 338 2522 3892 5204 4758 6.8 7.9
Qatar 18 53 296 360 465 1.6 1.7
Russian Federation f - 1347 4924 5761 6646 3.0 2.3
Saudi Arabia f 225 381 1391 1997 2397 1.3 2.1
Serbia ... ... 331 470 475 ... 2.1
Singapore 4352 16682 | 19408 19714 20706 12.4 6.5
South Africa b ... 1205 2947 3108 3021 4.5 3.4
Switzerland 2823 4568 4460 4596 4926 5.5 2.7
Taipei, Chinese 1574 10310 5050 5296 5063 7.4 2.1
Thailand 1114 3821 6387 7025 7475 6.2 4.2
Tunisia 58 135 357 397 479 1.6 1.9
Turkey 471 1591 2812 3260 3126 2.9 1.5
Ukraine - 104 233 259 435 0.7 0.5
United Arab Emirates f ... 1276 5840 6422 12758 3.6 7.7
United States 27499 94193 108520 110631 104718 7.5 4.8
Viet Nam f ... 217 998 1359 1624 1.4 2.0
a Or nearest year.
c Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b.
d Includes significant imports into processing zones.
e See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.
f Includes Secretariat estimates.
85
4.3.2. Telecommunications equipment
Table II.49
Imports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 237705 100.0 9 -2 2 World 128920 100.0 8 7 3
II Europe 131408 55.3 7 -16 3 Asia 87185 67.6 10 2 4
Asia 90678 38.1 17 19 4 North America 35085 27.2 4 21 1
North America 12621 5.3 -1 90 -12 Europe 5411 4.2 3 6 20
Middle East 1231 0.5 -2 -44 -1 Middle East 871 0.7 -3 3 6
Africa 613 0.3 15 23 15 South and Central America 331 0.3 -8 -37 -24
CIS 560 0.2 29 122 5 Africa 30 0.0 11 12 7
South and Central America 293 0.1 15 -27 2 CIS 7 0.0 2 140 -42
Economy Economy
European Union (27) 127927 53.8 7 -16 3 China 49172 38.1 22 9 5
China 47400 19.9 29 26 4 Mexico 31187 24.2 9 25 1
Korea, Republic of 15200 6.4 23 14 3 Korea, Republic of 10411 8.1 10 15 24
United States 9758 4.1 -2 122 -21 Japan 7209 5.6 -6 -8 -8
Japan 8558 3.6 1 -2 -1 Malaysia 6561 5.1 3 -34 -5
Above 5 208843 87.9 - - - Above 5 104540 81.1 - - -
Taipei, Chinese 6464 2.7 19 42 -7 Taipei, Chinese 6313 4.9 9 13 -5
Malaysia 4235 1.8 8 15 9 European Union (27) 4946 3.8 2 5 18
Hong Kong, China 3267 1.4 23 -4 74 Canada 3897 3.0 -11 -6 -1
Thailand 2392 1.0 11 27 16 Thailand 3770 2.9 12 -12 7
Turkey 2092 0.9 12 -17 -18 Singapore 1072 0.8 4 78 -35
Indonesia 1183 0.5 10 22 -8 Israel 865 0.7 -3 7 7
Israel 867 0.4 -4 2 5 Hong Kong, China 600 0.5 10 -1 -12
Canada 804 0.3 -7 -9 -29 Philippines 398 0.3 -1 18 -18
Switzerland 626 0.3 -2 -51 7 Norway 386 0.3 26 26 52
Norway 585 0.2 3 28 14 India 327 0.3 35 -24 95
Singapore 584 0.2 -10 -52 -27 Viet Nam 308 0.2 146 90 50
India 520 0.2 31 33 120 Brazil 205 0.2 -13 -50 -25
Ukraine 474 0.2 37 222 8 Switzerland 70 0.1 15 19 69
Philippines 445 0.2 3 10 -11 Australia 69 0.1 -1 52 -14
Above 20 235439 99.0 - - - Above 20 128710 99.8 - - -
86
Imports of telecommunications equipment of selected economies by origin, 2008

China a Japan
2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 36893 100.0 15 1 3 World 24174 100.0 8 25 10
Asia 32283 87.5 23 -1 5 Asia 20990 86.8 12 22 14
Europe 2429 6.6 -6 1 -22 North America 2415 10.0 -5 52 -10
North America 2030 5.5 -1 46 10 Europe 697 2.9 -8 9 4
Middle East 134 0.4 5 7 30 Middle East 60 0.2 7 40 7 II
South and Central America 10 0.0 33 -63 11 South and Central America 3 0.0 -32 0 200
CIS 4 0.0 -22 -40 33 Africa 1 0.0 ... ... ...
Africa 2 0.0 -5 0 100 CIS 1 0.0 ... 0 -67
Economy Economy
China 13678 37.1 37 -8 2 China 12533 51.8 21 22 18
Japan 6136 16.6 12 11 10 Malaysia 2496 10.3 2 27 35
Korea, Republic of 5264 14.3 27 -16 2 Korea, Republic of 2338 9.7 10 15 4
European Union (27) 2302 6.2 -7 0 -24 United States 1953 8.1 -7 47 -14
Taipei, Chinese 1728 4.7 16 30 -8 Thailand 1423 5.9 7 21 -11
Above 5 29107 78.9 - - - Above 5 20742 85.8 - - -
Malaysia 1573 4.3 21 17 29 Taipei, Chinese 810 3.4 6 51 -13
United States 1553 4.2 -3 39 9 European Union (27) 656 2.7 -9 8 2
Thailand 1105 3.0 41 40 24 Viet Nam 433 1.8 47 94 192
Hong Kong, China 973 2.6 8 5 6 Philippines 389 1.6 2 -15 -20
Philippines 922 2.5 46 16 19 Mexico 341 1.4 27 81 21
Indonesia 351 1.0 30 54 10 Hong Kong, China 126 0.5 11 113 -15
Singapore 342 0.9 7 -17 -17 Canada 122 0.5 6 119 1
Viet Nam 158 0.4 63 251 161 Singapore 80 0.3 -16 183 -47
Israel 134 0.4 5 6 31 Israel 59 0.2 8 44 6
Canada 124 0.3 -8 24 -14 Norway 32 0.1 15 60 51
Norway 72 0.2 24 60 91 Switzerland 8 0.0 4 24 -4
Switzerland 54 0.1 14 30 13 Australia 8 0.0 -8 114 -27
Australia 26 0.1 4 70 3 Bangladesh 6 0.0 32 6 -25
India 13 0.0 38 180 -7 India 4 0.0 19 -50 300
Above 20 36860 99.9 - - - Above 20 24137 99.8 - - -
a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 37 per cent of its telecommunications equipment imports. For further information, see the Metadata.
87
Table II.50
Leading exporters and importers of telecommunications equipment, 2008

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
Exporters
European Union (27) 183.6 38.3 30.8 7 24 -11 4
extra-EU (27) exports 55.7 12.4 9.3 6 -9 4 4
China a 161.9 6.8 27.1 30 30 18 11
Hong Kong, China 58.9 - - 15 10 18 8
II re-exports
Korea, Republic of
57.8
45.1
-
5.0
-
7.6
15
15
10
-1
16
8
8
12
Mexico a 44.2 6.7 7.4 11 33 24 11
United States 39.6 11.4 6.6 2 11 9 7
Japan 34.2 10.6 5.7 1 0 0 1
Singapore 15.6 2.9 2.6 8 15 -1 -12
domestic exports 4.2 1.3 0.7 1 40 -16 -33
re-exports 11.4 1.6 1.9 12 3 9 -1
Malaysia a, b 13.9 4.5 2.3 1 7 -8 5
Taipei, Chinese 11.6 2.3 1.9 7 3 1 -3
Canada 7.3 4.0 1.2 -6 18 -1 -15
United Arab Emirates b 6.9 0.3 1.2 27 -17 10 2
Thailand 6.7 1.4 1.1 7 10 -2 8
Israel 4.1 1.5 0.7 0 15 11 3
Indonesia 3.2 1.2 0.5 -1 -4 -7 18
Above 15 578.9 97.1 97.1 - - - -
Importers
European Union (27) 237.7 38.8 38.2 9 27 -2 2
extra-EU (27) imports 109.8 14.3 17.6 12 9 22 1
United States 128.9 24.0 20.7 8 11 7 3
Hong Kong, China 51.1 - - 12 13 12 6
China a, c 36.9 4.1 5.9 15 21 1 3
Mexico a, d 25.5 3.1 4.1 13 43 14 18
Japan 24.2 4.5 3.9 8 -2 25 10
Canada d 15.6 3.4 2.5 6 16 12 7
Singapore 14.5 2.3 2.3 10 25 -2 -8
retained imports 3.1 0.8 0.5 3 108 -23 -28
Russian Federation b 14.0 0.5 2.2 32 17 44 12
India 10.6 0.2 1.7 40 27 32 7
United Arab Emirates b 10.5 0.9 1.7 19 2 -7 21
Australia d 8.9 1.6 1.4 8 15 11 6
Brazil 7.6 1.0 1.2 12 30 16 47
Indonesia 6.2 0.1 1.0 41 -1 66 169
Above 15 e 550.6 86.6 88.4 - - - -
c In 2008, China reported imports of telecommunications equipment from China amounting to 13.7 billion dollars. For further information, see the Metadata.
e Excludes retained imports of Hong Kong, China.
88
Table II.51
Exports of telecommunication equipment of selected economies, 1990-2008

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a
World ... 288248 545898 559040 596248 4.6 3.8

Argentina 3 52 92 116 119 0.2 0.2
Australia 226 838 660 712 838 1.3 0.4
Belarus - 59 46 43 40 0.8 0.1
Brazil 442 1596 3318 2307 2635 2.9 1.3
Canada 1642 11656 8674 8577 7260 4.2 1.6
China b 2623 19508 123613 146261 161856 7.8 11.3
Costa Rica b ... 9 138 39 50 0.2 0.5 II
Croatia ... 73 124 121 111 1.7 0.8
European Union (27) - 110302 199451 177275 183586 4.5 3.1
intra-EU (27) exports - 74592 148259 123887 127927 4.5 3.2
extra-EU (27) exports - 35710 51192 53388 55659 4.6 2.9
Hong Kong, China 6806 19618 46210 54719 58931 9.7 15.9
re-exports 4669 19078 46103 53707 57806 10.6 16.4
India 31 103 464 594 620 0.2 0.3
Indonesia 105 3500 2898 2702 3192 5.4 2.3
Israel 662 4256 3581 3987 4096 13.6 6.7
Japan 28809 30516 33633 33700 34168 6.4 4.4
Jordan 2 19 172 356 248 1.0 3.2
Macao, China ... 4 15 39 46 0.2 2.3
Malaysia b, c 3209 12965 14383 13190 13856 13.2 6.9
Mauritius b ... 1 266 88 85 0.0 3.6
Mexico b ... 19221 32145 39770 44183 11.6 15.1
Morocco b ... 24 31 45 55 0.3 0.3
New Zealand 41 132 146 165 187 1.0 0.6
Norway 295 652 921 1035 1283 1.1 0.7
Pakistan 2 5 90 76 80 0.1 0.4
Philippines b, c 599 1267 942 997 1062 3.2 2.2
Saudi Arabia c ... 20 78 114 90 0.0 0.0
Singapore 6355 8266 | 17968 17709 15579 6.0 4.6
re-exports 2535 4495 | 10592 11506 11398 7.6 7.0
South Africa ... 243 360 490 422 0.8 0.5
Switzerland 672 873 | 1203 1103 1129 1.1 0.6
Taipei, Chinese 4996 6745 11854 11945 11615 4.5 4.5
Thailand 1057 4007 6386 6256 6734 5.8 3.8
Tunisia 21 28 202 171 460 0.5 2.4
Turkey 238 934 3037 2696 2202 3.4 1.7
Uganda ... 0 55 89 73 0.0 3.4
Ukraine - 68 205 534 575 0.5 0.9
United States 9901 32980 33979 36981 39615 4.2 3.1
Viet Nam c ... 81 331 643 796 0.6 1.3
a Or nearest year.
89
Table II.52
Imports of telecommunication equipment of selected economies , 1990-2008


1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 131 298 794 761 1110 3.3 2.8
Argentina 123 2092 2436 2855 3057 8.3 5.3
Australia b 1383 4862 7658 8474 8947 6.8 4.7
Bangladesh c, d 73 129 820 689 883 1.5 3.7
Brazil e 555 3071 4428 5151 7598 5.5 4.4
Canada b 2972 10062 13049 14580 15625 4.2 3.8
II Chile 303 960 1763 2045 2097 5.2 3.4
China f 2539 12413 35534 35738 36893 5.5 3.3
Colombia 218 597 2192 2319 2590 5.2 6.5
Costa Rica f 35 114 234 289 353 1.8 2.3
Croatia ... 210 671 803 887 2.7 2.9
Ecuador 32 110 630 599 907 2.9 4.9
Egypt 132 350 568 869 1173 2.5 2.4
El Salvador f ... 207 304 447 318 4.2 3.3
European Union (27) g - 116357 237280 233085 237705 4.5 3.8
extra-EU (27) imports - 42909 89212 109198 109778 4.7 4.8
Guatemala f 34 283 | 569 589 583 5.9 4.0
Hong Kong, China 6343 20742 43154 48269 51078 9.7 13.00
India 173 711 7522 9898 10572 1.4 3.6
Indonesia 490 403 1394 2306 6209 0.9 4.9
Israel 304 1669 1659 1981 2201 4.4 3.3
Japan 2620 13470 17555 21896 24174 3.5 3.2
Jordan 39 131 557 832 792 2.9 4.7
Kazakhstan - 169 548 811 391 3.4 1.0
Kenya 105 95 208 296 415 3.1 3.8
Macao, China 35 68 303 383 414 3.0 7.7
Malaysia f 1246 3442 4556 4913 5655 4.2 3.6
Mexico b, f ... 9398 18891 21578 25463 5.4 8.3
Morocco f 127 727 673 916 990 6.3 2.4
New Zealand 440 808 1072 1260 1323 5.8 3.9
Norway 576 1425 2619 3168 3420 4.1 3.8
Pakistan 183 158 2124 1793 1718 1.5 4.1
Paraguay 293 107 576 629 1020 4.9 10.0
Peru d 51 367 857 964 1410 5.0 4.7
Philippines d 686 1949 1329 1235 1298 5.3 2.2
Saudi Arabia d 578 811 3275 3822 4012 2.7 3.5
Singapore 4551 6870 | 16209 15845 14508 5.1 4.5
South Africa b ... 1859 3784 3818 3913 6.9 4.5
Sri Lanka d 30 155 317 357 363 2.2 2.6
Switzerland 1597 2512 3619 4172 4625 3.0 2.5
Taipei, Chinese 1744 4597 4509 4442 4392 3.3 1.8
Thailand 994 1868 4346 3754 4465 3.0 2.5
Turkey 403 2993 3391 4263 4046 5.5 2.0
Ukraine - 188 1044 891 945 1.3 1.1
United Arab Emirates d ... 2626 9421 8723 10513 7.5 6.3
United States 22727 71769 117054 124748 128920 5.7 5.9
Viet Nam d ... 331 1355 2169 2591 2.1 3.2
a Or nearest year.
90
4.3.3. Integrated circuits and electronic components
Table II.53
Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies by origin, 2008


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 80138 100.0 1 1 11 World 26306 100.0 -8 -3 -3
Europe 39621 49.4 1 0 4 Asia 20846 79.2 -8 -3 -4 II
Asia 34674 43.3 6 5 25 Europe 3319 12.6 -2 12 1
North America 5226 6.5 -7 -11 -3 North America 1722 6.5 -10 -14 -6
Africa 402 0.5 5 3 -13 South and Central America 238 0.9 0 -17 8
South and Central America 90 0.1 -15 58 -45 Africa 93 0.4 -6 -6 -4
Middle East 68 0.1 -5 -10 -44 Middle East 78 0.3 -21 -64 -45
CIS 50 0.1 4 -9 25 CIS 11 0.0 -3 0 0
Economy Economy
European Union (27) 38671 48.3 1 1 3 Taipei, Chinese 4576 17.4 -2 2 1
China 11816 14.7 45 37 99 Japan 3634 13.8 -11 3 -1
Japan 5544 6.9 0 7 12 European Union (27) 3131 11.9 -2 13 -1
United States 4867 6.1 -7 -10 -4 Malaysia 2968 11.3 -9 -10 2
Taipei, Chinese 4055 5.1 8 18 7 Korea, Republic of 2648 10.1 -12 -16 5
Above 5 64953 81.1 - - - Above 5 16958 64.5 - - -
Malaysia 3221 4.0 0 -8 3 China 2197 8.4 14 7 -8
Singapore 3122 3.9 -2 -13 -11 Philippines 1989 7.6 -12 -12 -8
Korea, Republic of 2696 3.4 -1 -3 -1 Singapore 1381 5.3 -11 -10 -21
Philippines 2329 2.9 6 -5 5 Thailand 1107 4.2 -3 34 -12
Thailand 738 0.9 4 -4 8 Mexico 872 3.3 -9 -16 -4
India 550 0.7 43 31 199 Canada 850 3.2 -11 -12 -8
Switzerland 419 0.5 5 -45 2 Costa Rica 214 0.8 1 -18 5
Norway 404 0.5 35 13 115 Indonesia 186 0.7 -5 22 -11
Hong Kong, China 385 0.5 -11 -19 6 Switzerland 182 0.7 2 1 72
Canada 239 0.3 -13 -18 57 Morocco 91 0.3 -6 -7 -3
South Africa 178 0.2 50 36 31 Hong Kong, China 84 0.3 -28 -37 -2
Morocco 162 0.2 -5 5 -36 Israel 77 0.3 -21 -64 -46
Mexico 120 0.2 -2 -26 -14 India 42 0.2 6 -8 -24
Croatia 106 0.1 70 26 -9 Australia 15 0.1 6 17 32
Indonesia 104 0.1 1 19 -4 New Zealand 11 0.0 6 6 -30
Above 20 79725 99.5 - - - Above 20 26258 99.8 - - -
91
Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies by origin, 2008

China a Japan
2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 148125 100.0 28 19 2 World 23942 100.0 2 -2 -1
Asia 130834 88.3 29 20 1 Asia 18169 76.3 5 1 -2
North America 9133 6.2 25 8 9 North America 4171 17.5 -4 -11 -5
Europe 5287 3.6 11 16 8 Europe 1146 4.8 2 -13 19
II South and Central America 2245 1.5 102 31 -1 South and Central America 224 0.9 10 1 7
Middle East 299 0.2 78 50 -14 Middle East 81 0.3 13 67 710
Africa 282 0.2 31 12 -13 Africa 9 0.0 -4 -23 -10
CIS 45 0.0 21 -22 41 CIS 2 0.0 ... -33 0
Economy Economy
Taipei, Chinese 32677 22.1 31 18 2 Taipei, Chinese 6467 27.0 9 -8 1
Korea, Republic of 24652 16.6 30 16 5 Korea, Republic of 4495 18.8 6 22 -7
China 18185 12.3 56 24 28 United States 4009 16.7 -4 -10 -4
Japan 18170 12.3 17 21 -2 China 2500 10.4 20 0 14
Malaysia 14496 9.8 33 16 1 Singapore 1381 5.8 0 1 8
Above 5 108180 73.0 - - - Above 5 18852 79.2 - - -
Philippines 12619 8.5 44 37 -21 Malaysia 1355 5.7 -5 -12 -5
United States 7772 5.2 24 7 8 Philippines 1174 4.9 -4 2 -23
European Union (27) 5162 3.5 11 16 9 European Union (27) 1138 4.8 2 -13 20
Singapore 3979 2.7 23 -12 -4 Thailand 609 2.5 5 -4 -3
Thailand 3346 2.3 26 23 4 Costa Rica 222 0.9 10 1 7
Costa Rica 2227 1.5 104 32 -2 Indonesia 219 0.9 0 -2 2
Hong Kong, China 2133 1.4 7 66 -11 Canada 134 0.6 6 -19 -27
Canada 760 0.5 38 5 50 Israel 79 0.3 13 59 733
Mexico 601 0.4 32 39 -7 Hong Kong, China 39 0.2 -22 -20 -28
Indonesia 424 0.3 31 35 2 Viet Nam 31 0.1 60 3 -19
Israel 292 0.2 82 51 -16 Mexico 28 0.1 -23 -20 0
Morocco 279 0.2 31 14 -13 Morocco 9 0.0 -3 -12 -9
Switzerland 91 0.1 29 4 -24 Switzerland 9 0.0 3 15 -16
Australia 70 0.0 44 246 -1 India 3 0.0 -4 0 -25
India 49 0.0 49 18 23 Bangladesh 3 0.0 5 -12 7
Above 20 147985 99.9 - - - Above 20 23904 99.8 - - -
a In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 12 per cent of its integrated circuits and electronic components imports. For further information, see the Metadata.
92
Table II.54
Leading exporters and importers of integrated circuits and electronic components, 2008

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
Exporters
Singapore 72.6 11.2 17.4 10 26 4 3
re-exports 41.9 6.2 10.1 10 17 2 1
European Union (27) 65.5 19.1 15.7 1 1 3 1
extra-EU (27) exports 26.9 7.2 6.4 2 4 5 -1
United States 50.7 20.4 12.2 -3 10 -5 0
Hong Kong, China
domestic exports
50.6
0.5
-
0.8
-
0.1
17
-19
24
-47
24
-46
8
8
II
re-exports 50.1 - - 20 28 25 8
Taipei, Chinese 47.4 7.1 11.4 10 49 6 0
Japan 44.6 13.8 10.7 1 5 7 0
China a 43.6 1.7 10.5 30 43 22 22
Malaysia a, b 27.1 6.1 6.5 5 7 10 -4
Philippines a, b 15.6 5.4 3.7 -1 12 4 -10
Thailand 8.2 1.9 2.0 4 27 11 -11
Canada 2.9 1.1 0.7 -2 -17 7 27
Mexico a 1.8 1.0 0.4 -6 -3 -17 1
Switzerland 1.3 0.2 0.3 8 0 22 24
Costa Rica 1.1 0.0 0.3 46 51 9 -20
Above 15 410.9 97.7 98.6 - - - -
Importers
China a, c 148.1 6.4 30.0 28 28 19 2
European Union (27) 80.1 22.9 16.2 1 1 1 11
extra-EU (27) imports 41.5 11.9 8.4 1 4 1 20
Hong Kong, China 61.8 - - 15 19 22 2
retained imports 11.7 2.7 2.4 4 -1 14 -19
Singapore 52.1 9.3 10.6 7 19 4 1
retained imports 10.2 3.5 2.1 -2 27 14 -3
Malaysia a 30.4 7.5 6.2 3 12 4 -7
Taipei, Chinese 30.0 7.2 6.1 3 12 -3 -3
United States 26.3 15.1 5.3 -8 5 -3 -3
Japan 23.8 6.0 4.8 2 16 -2 -1
Philippines b 14.1 3.3 2.9 4 9 0 -22
Mexico a, d 10.7 4.3 2.2 -3 3 -7 -3
Thailand 10.4 2.5 2.1 3 6 9 -6
Brazil 4.4 0.8 0.9 7 16 -4 18
Canada d 4.2 2.5 0.8 -8 -4 -6 5
Indonesia 2.0 0.0 0.4 48 7 8 919
Above 15 478.1 96.8 96.9 - - - -

c In 2008, China reported imports of integrated circuits and electronic components from China amounting to 18.2 billion dollars. For further information, see the Metadata.
93
Table II.55
Exports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2008


1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a
World ... 308451 390843 412705 416936 4.9 2.7

Australia 20 132 236 283 275 0.2 0.1
Belarus - 33 37 47 54 0.4 0.2
Brazil 79 231 160 47 118 0.4 0.1
Canada 1271 3459 2165 2306 2918 1.3 0.6
China b 128 5352 29209 35671 43573 2.1 3.1
Costa Rica b ... 51 1226 1342 1072 0.9 11.1
II Croatia ... 3 74 117 157 0.1 1.1
European Union (27) - 58793 63003 64650 65548 2.4 1.1
intra-EU (27) exports - 36440 37136 37541 38671 2.2 1.0
extra-EU (27) exports - 22353 25867 27109 26877 2.8 1.4
Hong Kong, China 2562 14046 37881 46969 50579 6.9 13.7
re-exports 2012 11525 37072 46348 50103 6.4 14.2
India 39 72 226 310 600 0.2 0.3
Indonesia 18 739 704 791 828 1.1 0.6
Israel 143 1782 1509 1525 1056 5.7 1.7
Japan 13391 42454 41725 44619 44608 8.9 5.7
Malaysia b, c 4321 18729 25509 28091 27060 19.1 13.6
Mexico b ... 3064 2158 1801 1825 1.8 0.6
Morocco b 110 480 732 726 626 6.5 3.1
New Zealand 1 17 73 100 85 0.1 0.3
Norway 11 30 206 277 553 0.1 0.3
Philippines b, c 1053 16663 16743 17355 15573 41.9 31.8
Singapore 3675 34436 | 67861 70320 72557 25.0 21.5
re-exports 830 19003 | 40442 41333 41912 32.2 25.8
South Africa ... 25 134 136 199 0.1 0.2
Switzerland 231 677 | 829 1009 1251 0.8 0.6
Taipei, Chinese 2435 21767 44681 47415 47379 14.7 18.5
Thailand 901 5877 8311 9238 8210 8.5 4.6
Tunisia 0 19 74 65 69 0.3 0.4
Turkey 1 11 40 38 46 0.0 0.0
Ukraine - 10 29 26 51 0.1 0.1
United States 13991 62824 53091 50413 50658 8.0 3.9
Viet Nam c ... 85 202 230 285 0.6 0.5
a Or nearest year.
94
Table II.56
Imports of integrated circuits and electronic components of selected economies, 1990-2008

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 27 34 89 46 46 0.4 0.1
Argentina 62 194 308 320 274 0.8 0.5
Australia b 263 867 832 881 915 1.2 0.5
Belarus - 45 79 85 87 0.5 0.2
Brazil c 490 2568 3894 3741 4405 4.6 2.5
Canada b 2333 8314 4247 4002 4189 3.5 1.0
Chile 9 67 142 75 60 0.4 0.1 II
China d 747 21156 121722 145264 148125 9.4 13.1
Colombia 24 31 77 105 107 0.3 0.3
Costa Rica d 10 688 1869 1294 1537 10.8 10.0
Croatia ... 17 83 125 176 0.2 0.6
Egypt 16 36 27 79 86 0.3 0.2
European Union (27) e - 75316 71183 72148 80138 2.9 1.3
extra-EU (27) imports - 39219 34099 34607 41467 4.3 1.8
Hong Kong, China 3705 20286 49746 60813 61768 9 16
India 251 523 1120 1286 1575 1.0 0.5
Indonesia 156 87 184 199 2024 0.2 1.6
Iran, Islamic Rep. of f ... 120 270 179 217 0.9 0.4
Israel 198 1508 1142 1022 1136 4.0 1.7
Japan 3319 19846 24693 24130 23804 5.2 3.1
Malaysia d 3812 24513 31299 32480 30357 29.9 19.3
Mexico b, d ... 13961 11946 11082 10737 8.0 3.5
Morocco d 109 291 376 550 448 2.5 1.1
New Zealand 20 75 114 133 112 0.5 0.3
Norway 110 216 257 286 351 0.6 0.4
Pakistan 6 9 86 52 69 0.1 0.2
Philippines f 1021 10678 18079 18080 14127 28.8 23.4
Russian Federation f - 161 674 590 555 0.4 0.2
Saudi Arabia f 8 51 124 204 281 0.2 0.2
Singapore 4489 30556 | 49646 51795 52094 22.7 16.3
South Africa b ... 301 381 423 437 1.1 0.5
Switzerland 377 965 891 1037 1123 1.2 0.6
Taipei, Chinese 4119 23740 31918 30999 30018 17.0 12.5
Thailand 1313 8366 10130 11061 10350 13.5 5.8
Tunisia 27 35 121 147 235 0.4 1.0
Turkey 361 937 1432 1201 947 1.7 0.5
Ukraine - 36 160 239 247 0.3 0.3
United Arab Emirates f ... 100 300 258 330 0.3 0.2
United States 13139 49581 28128 27203 26306 3.9 1.2
Viet Nam f ... 490 637 976 1166 3.1 1.5
a Or nearest year.
c Beginning 2000, imports are valued f.o.b.
d Includes significant imports into processing zones.
e See the Metadata for information on intra-EU (27) imports.
f Includes Secretariat estimates.
95
4.4. Automotive products
Table II.57
Exports of automotive products of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 1233.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10 18 3
Europe
World 676.9 100.0 100.0 50.3 54.9 11 20 2
II Europe 517.4 80.0 76.4 40.2 41.9 11 21 -1
North America 50.1 10.3 7.4 5.2 4.1 7 2 -7
Asia 34.7 4.3 5.1 2.2 2.8 14 24 11
Africa 16.6 1.9 2.4 0.9 1.3 15 13 13
Middle East 15.6 1.5 2.3 0.8 1.3 17 19 46
Asia
World 289.9 100.0 100.0 19.8 23.5 12 18 9
North America 82.7 49.5 28.5 9.8 6.7 5 2 -6
Asia 69.1 19.1 23.8 3.8 5.6 15 21 19
Europe 47.0 18.5 16.2 3.7 3.8 10 16 -3
Middle East 32.9 6.0 11.3 1.2 2.7 22 40 33
Africa 15.8 2.5 5.5 0.5 1.3 24 31 22
Japan
World 171.1 100.0 100.0 15.3 13.9 9 14 8
North America 59.4 54.5 34.7 8.3 4.8 3 1 -8
Asia 35.6 17.1 20.8 2.6 2.9 11 19 18
Europe 27.4 17.4 16.0 2.6 2.2 8 19 0
Middle East 19.0 5.1 11.1 0.8 1.5 20 42 40
Africa 7.4 2.1 4.3 0.3 0.6 19 25 20
World 118.8 100.0 100.0 4.6 9.6 21 25 12
Asia 33.5 25.8 28.2 1.2 2.7 22 22 19
North America 23.3 32.9 19.6 1.5 1.9 13 6 2
Europe 19.6 22.4 16.5 1.0 1.6 16 12 -6
Middle East 13.9 8.7 11.7 0.4 1.1 25 37 25
Africa 8.4 3.7 7.1 0.2 0.7 31 37 25
North America
World 209.4 100.0 100.0 27.5 17.0 4 8 -5
North America 151.2 88.6 72.2 24.3 12.3 1 2 -12
Europe 23.3 4.9 11.1 1.3 1.9 15 33 12
Asia 9.7 3.6 4.7 1.0 0.8 7 21 5
Middle East 9.7 0.9 4.6 0.3 0.8 26 19 54
Africa 3.6 0.3 1.7 0.1 0.3 31 64 33
96
Table II.58
Imports of automotive products of selected economies by origin, 2008

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 62638 100.0 4 6 -9 World 199229 100.0 2 0 -10
North America 48823 77.9 2 6 -11 North America 84187 42.3 0 0 -16
Asia 8924 14.2 10 7 0 Asia 71958 36.1 4 0 -4
Europe 4605 7.4 13 6 13 Europe 39947 20.1 4 1 -9
South and Central America 268 0.4 11 16 -20 Africa 1966 1.0 37 8 249 II
Africa 11 0.0 0 -22 57 South and Central America 1085 0.5 2 -33 -19
Middle East 5 0.0 12 -20 25 Middle East 78 0.0 13 5 20
CIS 2 0.0 ... ... 100 CIS 8 0.0 13 150 60
Economy Economy
United States 44283 70.7 2 5 -13 Japan 53165 26.7 2 -1 -6
Japan 6079 9.7 7 7 -2 Canada 49054 24.6 -2 -1 -22
Mexico 4195 6.7 6 12 3 Mexico 35133 17.6 3 3 -5
Korea, Republic of 1606 2.6 15 6 3 Korea, Republic of 10159 5.1 8 -2 -8
Above 5 60749 97.0 - - - Above 5 187224 94.0 - - -
China 845 1.3 39 6 5 China 4749 2.4 29 31 2
Canada 336 0.5 ... 12 -3 South Africa 1961 1.0 38 9 251
Brazil 250 0.4 11 22 -19 Taipei, Chinese 1735 0.9 8 9 1
Taipei, Chinese 164 0.3 10 5 10 Australia 980 0.5 10 -63 628
Australia 89 0.1 26 64 145 Brazil 865 0.4 3 -36 -15
India 29 0.0 19 25 -17 India 480 0.2 18 18 6
Thailand 24 0.0 31 28 -12 Thailand 289 0.1 17 18 0
Malaysia 15 0.0 26 77 29 Switzerland 113 0.1 -1 16 -21
South Africa 11 0.0 0 -33 83 Philippines 105 0.1 9 5 2
Viet Nam 10 0.0 200 63 -3 Turkey 101 0.1 17 -11 19
Switzerland 9 0.0 -8 -11 -2 Indonesia 81 0.0 5 -10 -37
Turkey 7 0.0 22 1 -10 Israel 71 0.0 13 9 22
Argentina 6 0.0 18 12 -19 Argentina 70 0.0 8 -16 -27
Honduras 6 0.0 9 -1 31 Malaysia 67 0.0 16 1 11
Israel 5 0.0 9 -27 66 Viet Nam 61 0.0 121 57 60
Indonesia 5 0.0 21 -14 7 Honduras 43 0.0 17 60 8
Philippines 3 0.0 31 -68 216 Hong Kong, China 43 0.0 2 -31 -9
Norway 3 0.0 9 60 -17 Singapore 38 0.0 -7 -2 -43
Chile 2 0.0 30 -4 20 Dominican Republic 33 0.0 18 -18 1
Hong Kong, China 2 0.0 2 -2 -28 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 30 0.0 -22 -55 -58
Sri Lanka 2 0.0 154 67 -18 Norway 21 0.0 -6 -44 -30
Singapore 2 0.0 -18 -26 -52 Costa Rica 17 0.0 25 9 -26
Costa Rica 1 0.0 42 170 9 Chile 15 0.0 12 195 -51
Dominican Republic 1 0.0 119 1 -1 Russian Federation 8 0.0 30 100 100
Georgia 1 0.0 63 1046 228 United Arab Emirates 7 0.0 22 -30 16
Belize 1 0.0 44 -61 2257 Colombia 6 0.0 15 16 -12
United Arab Emirates 0 0.0 ... 50 -33 New Zealand 3 0.0 -31 -12 -34
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 0 0.0 -18 -44 -96 Pakistan 2 0.0 7 113 -71
Egypt 0 0.0 64 -13 225 Egypt 2 0.0 57 -32 106
Peru 0 0.0 64 97 176 Suriname 1 0.0 66 124 21
Above 35 62577 99.9 - - - Above 35 199219 100.0 - - -
97
Imports of automotive products of selected economies by origin, 2008

Mexico a European Union (27)

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 31760 100.0 5 6 1 World 546346 100.0 11 20 -1
North America 19230 60.5 2 5 -4 Europe 484997 88.8 11 21 -1
Asia 5047 15.9 20 17 7 Asia 39159 7.2 8 13 -5
II South and Central America 2519 7.9 12 -7 -8 South and Central America 2689 0.5 14 7 33
Africa 12 0.0 ... 14 -25 Africa 2219 0.4 13 8 20
Middle East 3 0.0 ... -40 0 CIS 305 0.1 8 5 4
CIS 0 0.0 ... 0 -100 Middle East 162 0.0 10 61 -35
Economy Economy
United States 17417 54.8 2 6 -4 European Union (27) 468178 85.7 10 21 -2
European Union (27) 4869 15.3 10 11 20 Japan 23791 4.4 5 10 0
Japan 3079 9.7 14 12 -3 Turkey 14270 2.6 36 32 11
Canada 1730 5.4 7 -6 -2 United States 12301 2.3 11 22 0
Brazil 1629 5.1 9 -20 -9 Korea, Republic of 7538 1.4 9 7 -29
Above 5 28724 90.4 - - - Above 5 526078 96.3 - - -
Korea, Republic of 719 2.3 34 16 26 Mexico 3993 0.7 22 57 26
China 692 2.2 81 56 35 China 3116 0.6 43 58 28
Argentina 484 1.5 34 -1 -10 Brazil 2081 0.4 13 3 28
Chile 196 0.6 6 594 52 India 1816 0.3 31 38 50
Taipei, Chinese 175 0.6 19 27 25 South Africa 1725 0.3 13 -1 28
India 169 0.5 52 15 -2 Thailand 1439 0.3 9 30 -17
Colombia 104 0.3 76 -32 6375 Switzerland 1407 0.3 10 25 -1
Thailand 77 0.2 73 31 152 Taipei, Chinese 823 0.2 17 28 8
Turkey 58 0.2 33 -39 56 Norway 773 0.1 7 19 -7
Indonesia 44 0.1 76 567 153 Argentina 577 0.1 17 19 58
Peru 39 0.1 183 -14 120975 Canada 423 0.1 5 8 -18
Australia 32 0.1 21 -13 482 Tunisia 298 0.1 18 29 3
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 14 0.0 32 164 -93 Croatia 171 0.0 27 42 13
Switzerland 14 0.0 -4 -16 -33 Russian Federation 158 0.0 4 1 -11
South Africa 11 0.0 ... 7 -27 Morocco 132 0.0 22 103 -12
Philippines 7 0.0 34 18 -21 Australia 128 0.0 6 -26 -5
Uruguay 7 0.0 ... -11 1483 Indonesia 126 0.0 29 3 18
Hong Kong, China 3 0.0 37 182 -45 Malaysia 125 0.0 6 33 -12
Israel 3 0.0 66 -43 31 Philippines 110 0.0 22 108 12
Malaysia 3 0.0 2 -42 -59 Belarus 83 0.0 15 3 14
Honduras 3 0.0 ... -14 -34 Bosnia and Herzegovina 71 0.0 33 21 27
Singapore 2 0.0 14 48 -35 Israel 63 0.0 12 15 -1
Costa Rica 2 0.0 41 143 -86 Ukraine 56 0.0 19 34 48
Viet Nam 1 0.0 ... 335 33 Serbia 51 0.0 ... 49 36
Korea, Dem. People's Rep. of 1 0.0 3 511 -51 Egypt 50 0.0 54 36 6
Norway 1 0.0 20 35 -2 Hong Kong, China 45 0.0 19 70 16
Ecuador 1 0.0 121 2054 2005 United Arab Emirates 42 0.0 13 45 -3
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0.0 ... ... ... Iceland 40 0.0 39 73 61
Paraguay 0 0.0 ... ... ... Singapore 38 0.0 14 39 -32
Aruba 0 0.0 56 -5 1247 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 27 0.0 29 256 -21
New Zealand 0 0.0 90 -28 -11 Viet Nam 23 0.0 44 210 2
Sri Lanka 0 0.0 40 149 -11 Sri Lanka 18 0.0 30 73 40
Pakistan 0 0.0 37 21 -55 New Zealand 13 0.0 8 29 -23
Haiti 0 0.0 39 -28 168 Saudi Arabia 12 0.0 -2 105 -84
Dominican Republic 0 0.0 ... 8 0 Gibraltar 11 0.0 1 9 -76
Above 40 31588 99.5 - - - Above 40 546141 100.0 - - -
98
Table II.59
Leading exporters and importers of automotive products, 2008

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
Exporters
European Union (27) 655.4 - - 49.8 53.1 11 9 20 2
extra-EU (27) exports 187.2 - - 12.3 15.2 13 11 17 11
Japan 171.0 19.8 20.8 15.3 13.9 9 13 14 8
United States 111.5 11.9 10.2 11.6 9.0 7 11 14 2
Canada 51.7 6.9 8.9 10.5 4.2 -2 -1 -1 -22
Mexico a
China a
46.1
28.7
0.3
0.0
1.4
0.1
5.3
0.3
3.7
2.3
5
44
20
45
6
60
2
24
II
Turkey 17.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.4 36 25 33 15
Thailand 16.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.3 27 24 28 28
United Arab Emirates b 15.3 ... 0.0 0.2 1.2 38 126 75 -13
Brazil 14.7 1.1 0.6 0.8 1.2 15 9 1 12
South Africa 7.7 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.6 21 14 8 44
Argentina 6.7 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.5 15 37 31 21
India 4.9 ... 0.1 0.1 0.4 30 15 16 40
Australia 4.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 9 -7 13 18
Above 15 1201.0 - - 98.2 97.4 - - - -
Importers
European Union (27) 546.3 - - 41.3 43.8 11 10 20 -1
extra-EU (27) imports 78.2 - - 5.4 6.3 12 18 19 1
United States 199.2 20.3 24.7 28.7 16.0 2 7 0 -10
Canada c 62.6 8.7 7.7 7.8 5.0 4 10 6 -9
Mexico a, c 30.6 1.8 0.3 3.4 2.5 5 13 6 2
China a 29.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 2.3 29 37 29 21
Australia c 21.7 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.7 12 3 25 11
Japan 15.9 0.5 2.3 1.7 1.3 6 5 11 3
Saudi Arabia b 15.9 2.7 0.9 0.6 1.3 19 6 15 32
Turkey 15.2 ... 0.4 1.0 1.2 13 8 14 3
Brazil 13.2 0.3 0.2 0.7 1.1 16 27 39 58
Switzerland 11.5 1.8 1.9 1.0 0.9 8 4 15 16
Ukraine 11.4 - - 0.1 0.9 50 61 60 43
South Africa b, c 11.3 ... ... 0.4 0.9 21 15 15 -8
Above 15 1043.7 - - 89.5 83.7 - - - -

99
Table II.60
Exports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2008


1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a
World 318959 | 577153 1022506 1202669 1233545 9.2 7.8

Argentina 200 2108 4178 5479 6654 8.0 9.4
Australia 726 2151 3267 3697 4366 3.4 2.3
Belarus - 740 1466 2003 2192 10.1 6.7
Brazil 2034 4683 13038 13134 14750 8.5 7.5
Canada 28442 60656 66339 65831 51666 21.9 11.3
II Chile
China b
18
258
203
1581
184
14410
346
23028
326
28666
1.1
0.6
0.5
2.0
Colombia 6 226 744 1130 533 1.7 1.4
Côte d'Ivoire ... 11 174 185 37 0.3 0.4
Croatia ... 45 146 209 248 1.0 1.8
Ecuador 1 60 345 243 404 1.2 2.2
European Union (27) - 287180 538388 644882 655386 11.7 11.1
intra-EU (27) exports - 216416 394352 475693 468178 13.0 11.8
extra-EU (27) exports - 70764 144036 169189 187208 9.0 9.7
Hong Kong, China 354 764 1290 1459 1760 0.4 0.5
re-exports 328 741 1276 1435 1745 0.4 0.5
India 198 581 3003 3471 4869 1.4 2.7
Indonesia 22 369 1590 2150 2783 0.6 2.0
Israel 31 31 125 319 152 0.1 0.2
Japan 66195 88082 139161 158762 171012 18.4 21.9
Jordan 19 62 114 142 260 3.3 3.3
Malaysia b 121 307 920 1122 1154 0.3 0.6
Mexico b 4383 30655 42630 45256 46139 18.4 15.8
Morocco b 28 24 115 166 206 0.3 1.0
Norway 305 459 762 907 983 0.8 0.6
Philippines b 23 583 1543 1782 2196 1.5 4.5
Qatar 32 32 121 197 431 0.3 0.7
Saudi Arabia c 229 59 1032 1288 291 0.1 0.1
Singapore 348 678 | 2396 2864 3399 0.5 1.0
domestic exports c 82 90 | 28 47 56 0.1 0.0
re-exports c 266 588 | 2368 2817 3343 1.0 2.1
South Africa 249 1708 4970 5369 7737 5.7 9.6
Switzerland 591 772 | 1623 2001 2017 1.0 1.0
Taipei, Chinese 829 2221 3885 4138 4195 1.5 1.6
Thailand 108 2417 9891 12669 16227 3.5 9.1
Tunisia 30 63 335 352 350 1.1 1.8
Turkey 153 1517 11689 15582 17873 5.5 13.5
Ukraine - 145 548 933 1134 1.0 1.7
United Arab Emirates c 1 1144 10006 17477 15272 2.3 6.6
United States 32547 67195 95264 109050 111529 8.6 8.7
Viet Nam c ... 8 303 424 578 0.1 0.9
a Or nearest year.
100
Table II.61
Imports of automotive products of selected economies, 1990-2008

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Algeria 658 615 2315 3453 4664 6.7 11.8
Argentina 183 2805 5511 7160 9560 11.2 16.7
Australia b 3794 8550 15690 19563 21675 12.0 11.3
Bahrain c 152 214 623 896 975 4.6 7.8
Bangladesh c, d 77 191 287 331 424 2.2 1.8
Belarus - 297 911 1339 2082 3.4 5.3
Brazil e
Canada b
532
24640
4154
46276
6007
64496
8345
68462
13189
62638
7.4
19.3
7.6
15.3
II
Chile 579 1507 3354 4122 5057 8.1 8.2
China f 1796 3798 18580 24029 29051 1.7 2.6
Colombia 416 590 2879 3868 3515 5.1 8.9
Croatia ... 831 1877 2279 2508 10.5 8.2
Ecuador 157 184 1347 1302 1782 4.9 9.5
Egypt 416 514 924 1089 2665 3.7 5.5
Ethiopia c 114 141 701 593 530 11.2 6.9
European Union (27) g - 245244 459006 552888 546346 9.5 8.7
extra-EU (27) imports - 32091 64986 77195 78168 3.5 3.4
Ghana ... 331 780 1104 1256 11.1 12.2
Guatemala f 117 481 | 874 925 855 10.0 5.9
Hong Kong, China 994 2195 2394 2796 3406 1.0 0.9
India 260 431 1457 2190 3586 0.8 1.2
Indonesia 1523 1870 2481 2597 6000 4.3 4.8
Israel 871 2298 2563 3339 4018 6.1 5.9
Japan 7327 9957 13892 15354 15855 2.6 2.1
Jordan 108 519 1001 977 1173 11.3 6.9
Kazakhstan - 435 2537 4230 2361 8.6 6.2
Kenya 255 156 575 726 798 5.0 7.2
Kuwait 453 1141 2576 3200 3934 15.9 15.8
Lebanon b, c ... 535 944 2015 2260 8.6 13.5
Malaysia f 1312 1833 3221 3223 4002 2.2 2.6
Mexico b, f 933 20003 28386 30094 30551 11.5 9.9
Morocco f 317 471 1415 2102 2849 4.1 6.8
New Zealand 1012 1480 2787 3431 3156 10.6 9.2
Norway 1419 2597 5951 7413 7577 7.6 8.5
Oman 429 1109 2723 3781 5669 21.6 24.7
Pakistan 390 324 1544 1214 1026 3.0 2.4
Panama 111 332 516 773 870 9.8 9.6
Peru c 176 510 937 1432 2095 6.9 7.0
Philippines 537 974 1142 1461 1729 2.6 2.9
Qatar 202 409 1027 2616 3281 12.6 12.2
Russian Federation c - 2381 20012 32934 47368 5.3 16.2
Saudi Arabia c 2839 3815 10437 12024 15854 12.6 13.8
Singapore 1418 2417 | 3698 4025 4978 1.8 1.6
retained imports c 1152 1829 | 1330 1207 1943 2.4 1.2
South Africa b, c ... 2401 10616 12245 11280 9.0 12.9
Sudan ... 155 1189 993 906 10.0 9.9
Switzerland 6048 6222 8664 9969 11521 7.5 6.3
Taipei, Chinese 2565 2676 3058 2904 2450 1.9 1.0
Thailand 2651 2084 4231 4793 5965 3.4 3.3
Tunisia 306 595 1015 1243 1478 6.9 6.0
Turkey 1177 5831 12917 14684 15155 10.7 7.5
Ukraine - 446 4996 8006 11443 3.2 13.4
United States 79320 170195 220221 220770 199229 13.5 9.2
Viet Nam ... 294 837 1578 ... 1.9 2.5
a Or nearest year.
d Figures refer to fiscal year.
101
4.5. Textiles
Table II.62
Textile exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 250.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6 9 4
Asia
World 123.9 100.0 100.0 43.9 49.5 8 8 9
II Asia 54.7 57.0 44.1 25.0 21.9 4 3 6
Europe 22.3 14.2 18.0 6.2 8.9 11 16 5
North America 17.7 13.2 14.3 5.8 7.1 9 0 2
Africa 8.8 4.0 7.1 1.8 3.5 16 19 20
Middle East 8.7 6.3 7.0 2.8 3.5 9 9 18
China
World 65.3 100.0 100.0 10.3 26.1 19 15 17
Asia 24.0 54.8 36.8 5.6 9.6 13 11 12
Europe 12.1 15.6 18.5 1.6 4.8 22 21 15
North America 10.5 15.0 16.1 1.5 4.2 20 6 6
Africa 6.1 5.3 9.3 0.5 2.4 28 21 27
Middle East 4.2 4.1 6.4 0.4 1.7 26 12 20
World 58.7 100.0 100.0 33.6 23.4 1 2 1
Asia 30.7 57.6 52.3 19.4 12.3 0 -1 2
Europe 10.2 13.7 17.4 4.6 4.1 4 11 -4
North America 7.2 12.6 12.3 4.2 2.9 1 -6 -4
Middle East 4.5 7.0 7.6 2.4 1.8 2 6 16
Africa 2.8 3.6 4.7 1.2 1.1 5 14 5
Europe
World 92.1 100.0 100.0 39.6 36.8 5 11 -1
Europe 68.9 77.3 74.8 30.6 27.5 5 12 -3
Africa 5.7 5.4 6.2 2.1 2.3 7 18 9
Asia 5.6 5.8 6.1 2.3 2.2 6 8 0
North America 4.2 6.3 4.5 2.5 1.7 1 1 -11
Middle East 2.1 1.9 2.2 0.8 0.8 7 10 21
North America
World 16.5 100.0 100.0 10.0 6.6 1 -2 -3
North America 9.2 69.0 55.7 6.9 3.7 -2 -5 -8
Asia 1.9 9.3 11.7 0.9 0.8 4 0 7
Europe 1.5 9.9 9.1 1.0 0.6 0 4 1
Middle East 0.2 1.0 1.1 0.1 0.1 2 2 20
Africa 0.1 0.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 6 0 50
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 10 -5 0
102
Table II.63
Textile imports of selected economies by origin, 2008

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 4431 100.0 1 2 -2 World 23128 100.0 5 3 -4
North America 2384 53.8 -2 -3 -6 Asia 15018 64.9 8 4 0
Asia 1437 32.4 6 9 3 Europe 3607 15.6 1 3 -10
Europe 511 11.5 2 5 2 North America 3018 13.0 -2 -3 -16
Middle East 40 0.9 5 0 -2 South and Central America 619 2.7 5 6 -8 II
South and Central America 34 0.8 -5 26 -29 Middle East 594 2.6 4 3 3
Africa 23 0.5 8 40 10 Africa 224 1.0 4 -7 -2
CIS 2 0.0 9 -33 0 CIS 49 0.2 -7 47 -13
Economy Economy
United States 2249 50.8 -2 -3 -5 China 7883 34.1 19 10 3
China 819 18.5 16 15 7 European Union (27) 2922 12.6 0 4 -10
European Union (27) 440 9.9 2 5 2 India 2408 10.4 9 3 3
India 183 4.1 6 7 -7 Pakistan 1619 7.0 6 -11 -5
Mexico 118 2.7 4 -1 -17 Canada 1518 6.6 -3 -6 -18
Above 5 3809 86.0 - - - Above 5 16350 70.7 - - -
Pakistan 88 2.0 -2 -7 -9 Mexico 1500 6.5 -1 0 -14
Korea, Republic of 77 1.7 -6 -3 -1 Korea, Republic of 795 3.4 -3 -7 -12
Taipei, Chinese 67 1.5 -5 -7 1 Taipei, Chinese 608 2.6 -3 0 -5
Turkey 55 1.2 7 9 3 Turkey 582 2.5 3 0 -9
Bangladesh 51 1.1 28 28 18 Japan 579 2.5 -1 2 -3
Japan 38 0.9 -2 3 -7 Israel 355 1.5 5 -4 7
Israel 30 0.7 15 8 0 Brazil 348 1.5 7 9 -16
Viet Nam 27 0.6 25 98 49 Thailand 342 1.5 -1 1 9
Indonesia 25 0.6 -8 -4 -18 Indonesia 224 1.0 1 2 -5
Thailand 20 0.4 -2 3 13 Egypt 185 0.8 6 -4 0
Egypt 18 0.4 14 47 14 Bangladesh 130 0.6 3 3 8
Canada b 17 0.4 ... -10 -13 Viet Nam 112 0.5 72 18 15
Brazil 13 0.3 -9 42 -52 Dominican Republic 93 0.4 13 3 2
Switzerland 12 0.3 3 10 -13 Switzerland 84 0.4 -2 -9 -4
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 6 0.1 -9 -14 -23 Bahrain 75 0.3 19 84 37
Nepal 6 0.1 17 30 26 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 64 0.3 -7 -16 -36
Australia 5 0.1 -6 24 9 United Arab Emirates 55 0.2 13 24 20
Malaysia 5 0.1 -2 -5 10 Philippines 53 0.2 -11 1 -12
Cambodia 4 0.1 120 66 150 Nepal 52 0.2 3 15 8
Colombia 4 0.1 2 -13 -25 Malaysia 51 0.2 -7 -17 -7
New Zealand 4 0.1 11 3 -8 Colombia 48 0.2 3 7 -16
Hong Kong, China 3 0.1 -22 -5 -8 Australia 48 0.2 2 -1 28
Uruguay 3 0.1 -2 73 23 Hong Kong, China 43 0.2 -19 -10 -23
Peru 3 0.1 4 58 46 Saudi Arabia 43 0.2 10 59 3
Chile 3 0.1 -5 119 28 El Salvador 37 0.2 1 -20 82
Philippines 2 0.1 -3 -5 2 South Africa 30 0.1 -2 -17 -12
El Salvador 2 0.0 15 -9 50 Sri Lanka 27 0.1 -17 -6 -23
South Africa 2 0.0 -11 -33 0 Peru 26 0.1 1 -9 24
Argentina 2 0.0 23 63 -60 New Zealand 24 0.1 1 -5 6
Dominican Republic 2 0.0 -17 -11 -8 Ukraine 19 0.1 19 842 2
Sri Lanka 1 0.0 -9 18 -43 Norway 16 0.1 13 284 0
Tunisia 1 0.0 54 108 39 Guatemala 15 0.1 2 1 0
Saudi Arabia 1 0.0 -7 -13 10 Costa Rica 12 0.1 -3 -24 53
United Arab Emirates 1 0.0 -1 -20 250 Turkmenistan 11 0.0 16 34 -43
Russian Federation 1 0.0 0 0 0 Cambodia 11 0.0 8 -29 -4
Above 40 4410 99.5 - - - Above 40 23047 99.7 - - -
103

Mexico c European Union (27)

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 5631 100.0 -1 -5 -5 World 83962 100.0 5 12 -2
North America 3736 66.3 -3 -5 -11 Europe 62592 74.5 4 11 -3
Asia 1099 19.5 4 -13 18 Asia 17469 20.8 9 17 5
Europe 524 9.3 11 5 -1 North America 1422 1.7 -2 4 -1
II South and Central America 252 4.5 13 6 3 Africa 1148 1.4 5 17 -2
Middle East 14 0.2 17 15 -7 Middle East 693 0.8 -1 6 -6
Africa 4 0.1 19 0 0 CIS 423 0.5 2 -1 -9
CIS 2 0.0 9 0 0 South and Central America 178 0.2 0 -3 -4
Economy Economy
United States 3633 64.5 -4 -4 -11 European Union (27) 56035 66.7 4 11 -4
China c 523 9.3 20 -19 18 China 8343 9.9 20 22 12
European Union (27) 492 8.7 11 1 1 Turkey 4902 5.8 11 13 -4
Korea, Republic of 120 2.1 -13 -13 11 India 3138 3.7 7 16 -1
Taipei, Chinese 111 2.0 -2 -8 10 Pakistan 2151 2.6 10 21 2
Above 5 4880 86.7 - - - Above 5 74569 88.8 - - -
Canada 98 1.7 2 -21 -4 Switzerland 1285 1.5 1 13 -2
Brazil 96 1.7 26 40 5 United States 1279 1.5 -2 3 0
India 86 1.5 22 30 41 Korea, Republic of 825 1.0 -3 12 -5
Pakistan 56 1.0 12 -2 52 Japan 682 0.8 -1 8 6
Colombia 50 0.9 8 1 -1 Indonesia 523 0.6 -2 9 -10
Indonesia 47 0.8 6 -11 2 Taipei, Chinese 462 0.6 -5 4 -2
Japan 43 0.8 6 -26 0 Egypt 426 0.5 4 14 -2
Guatemala 33 0.6 22 -8 17 Bangladesh 387 0.5 16 26 11
Thailand 31 0.6 8 7 12 Tunisia 380 0.5 12 28 1
Malaysia 29 0.5 17 -28 110 Thailand 365 0.4 0 4 -5
Turkey 22 0.4 12 127 -35 Israel 342 0.4 6 12 7
Dominican Republic 16 0.3 83 29 34 Morocco 184 0.2 8 22 12
Israel 13 0.2 21 11 -1 Viet Nam 182 0.2 16 24 -3
El Salvador 12 0.2 19 4 26 Malaysia 164 0.2 2 -9 3
Peru 9 0.2 21 -17 82 Norway 159 0.2 4 1 2
Switzerland 9 0.2 10 5 16 United Arab Emirates 123 0.1 10 39 4
Chile 8 0.1 -10 -22 -62 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 121 0.1 -11 -11 -29
Viet Nam 8 0.1 36 64 57 Belarus 109 0.1 8 17 -8
Hong Kong, China 7 0.1 -16 -16 6 Croatia 103 0.1 5 20 7
Uruguay 6 0.1 -4 -38 -26 South Africa 95 0.1 2 5 -19
Bangladesh 6 0.1 2 18 -23 Canada 86 0.1 -3 4 -4
Philippines 5 0.1 23 -21 -9 Brazil 83 0.1 -4 -11 -17
Argentina 4 0.1 8 15 -3 Hong Kong, China 77 0.1 1 -7 15
Costa Rica 3 0.0 0 -31 -21 Ukraine 74 0.1 7 10 3
Honduras 3 0.0 31 8 62 Uzbekistan 68 0.1 2 14 -7
Australia 3 0.0 21 -22 208 Russian Federation 66 0.1 -10 -25 -34
Egypt 2 0.0 26 52 11 Moldova 65 0.1 12 21 20
Sri Lanka 2 0.0 -6 142 -29 Mexico 57 0.1 3 12 -15
Ukraine 1 0.0 47 -1 -16 Syrian Arab Republic 57 0.1 -4 -9 -14
Nicaragua 1 0.0 93 -81 7571 Nepal 52 0.1 -8 0 -6
Singapore 1 0.0 -12 -23 71 Serbia 44 0.1 ... 36 10
South Africa 1 0.0 ... -33 -50 Peru 42 0.1 6 12 5
Nepal 1 0.0 17 92 -22 Philippines 41 0.0 4 -44 2
Bolivia 1 0.0 16 103 14 Sri Lanka 40 0.0 0 14 -9
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 1 0.0 0 5 47 FYR Macedonia 26 0.0 3 -3 6
Above 40 5591 99.3 - - - Above 40 83642 99.6 - - -
104

China c Japan
2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 16228 100.0 3 2 -3 World 6947 100.0 4 2 10
Asia 14166 87.3 2 0 -4 Asia 5844 84.1 6 4 12
Europe 1338 8.2 18 18 12 Europe 771 11.1 1 -2 4
North America 656 4.0 20 13 13 North America 270 3.9 -4 -13 4
Middle East 35 0.2 28 22 59 Middle East 22 0.3 -7 0 -27 II
South and Central America 16 0.1 30 0 7 South and Central America 17 0.2 -5 -36 21
Africa 9 0.1 8 13 0 Africa 16 0.2 6 0 33
CIS 6 0.0 -12 -8 -45 CIS 7 0.1 -8 0 -13
Economy Economy
Japan 3276 20.2 2 0 4 China 3873 55.8 8 3 12
China c 3185 19.6 12 3 -4 European Union (27) 689 9.9 0 -3 0
Taipei, Chinese 2853 17.6 -1 -2 -9 Indonesia 404 5.8 3 5 10
Korea, Republic of 2238 13.8 -2 -3 -6 Taipei, Chinese 368 5.3 4 9 3
European Union (27) 1243 7.7 18 17 13 Korea, Republic of 353 5.1 -2 -2 10
Above 5 12794 78.8 - - - Above 5 5686 81.8 - - -
Hong Kong, China 960 5.9 -4 -4 -14 United States 251 3.6 -4 -14 2
United States 619 3.8 20 15 13 Thailand 235 3.4 9 23 20
Pakistan 597 3.7 5 4 -18 Viet Nam 173 2.5 8 2 22
Thailand 283 1.7 15 12 11 India 172 2.5 0 2 2
India 219 1.4 1 12 19 Malaysia 102 1.5 1 24 28
Indonesia 183 1.1 -1 -1 -4 Pakistan 76 1.1 -8 -7 16
Viet Nam 139 0.9 31 44 106 Switzerland 45 0.7 7 -3 86
Malaysia 101 0.6 3 8 -3 Turkey 35 0.5 7 27 6
Turkey 55 0.3 31 40 -4 Philippines 31 0.4 2 -4 -3
Philippines 45 0.3 33 -1 17 Bangladesh 17 0.2 3 1 27
Switzerland 36 0.2 26 8 17 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 14 0.2 -11 -19 -32
Singapore 33 0.2 -3 4 -18 Canada 13 0.2 7 -18 55
Australia 31 0.2 8 13 -8 Brazil 13 0.2 -4 -38 30
Canada 29 0.2 27 4 21 Macao, China 11 0.2 15 17 -10
Saudi Arabia 14 0.1 48 90 56 Hong Kong, China 10 0.1 -2 -21 -24
Israel 9 0.1 34 30 4 Australia 8 0.1 1 36 -29
United Arab Emirates 9 0.1 22 -18 187 South Africa 7 0.1 28 25 40
Brazil 8 0.0 ... 0 14 Egypt 5 0.1 -2 -7 27
Mexico 8 0.0 30 -27 -27 Mexico 5 0.1 -7 20 -17
Bangladesh 6 0.0 31 31 28 Uzbekistan 5 0.1 -11 -35 33
Macao, China 5 0.0 -25 56 -61 Israel 5 0.1 9 44 3
South Africa 4 0.0 19 33 0 Peru 3 0.0 -7 -12 -9
New Zealand 4 0.0 9 -9 11 United Arab Emirates 3 0.0 43 202 -41
Peru 3 0.0 15 52 -12 Sri Lanka 2 0.0 -1 8 -3
Sri Lanka 3 0.0 4 26 77 Tanzania 2 0.0 1 3 27
Norway 3 0.0 9 -37 58 New Zealand 2 0.0 0 -39 -18
Korea, Dem. People's Rep. of 3 0.0 31 9 21 Singapore 2 0.0 -8 1 -42
Egypt 2 0.0 0 -29 29 Nepal 1 0.0 4 21 47
Uruguay 2 0.0 35 -7 -17 Myanmar 1 0.0 4 16 42
Russian Federation 2 0.0 -16 0 -67 Russian Federation 1 0.0 0 200 -67
Belarus 1 0.0 -5 -6 -60 Belarus 1 0.0 22 33 5
Nepal 1 0.0 19 -23 28 Tunisia 1 0.0 40 -38 13
Colombia 1 0.0 30 8 123 Norway 1 0.0 13 -80 164
Armenia 1 0.0 ... ... 274 Dominican Republic 0 0.0 ... 4 -55
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 0.0 ... 35 139 Saudi Arabia 0 0.0 -18 47 8
Above 40 16217 99.9 - - - Above 40 6940 99.9 - - -

b In 2008, Canada reported imports from Canada accounting for 0.4 per cent of its textile imports. For further information, see the Metadata.
c In 2008, China reported imports from China accounting for 19.6 per cent of its textile imports. For further information, see the Metadata.
105
Table II.64
Leading exporters and importers of textiles, 2008

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
Exporters
European Union (27) 80.21 - - 36.1 32.1 4 5 11 -2
extra-EU (27) exports 24.17 - - 9.9 9.7 6 5 10 2
China a 65.26 4.6 6.9 10.3 26.1 19 19 15 17
United States 12.50 6.8 4.8 7.0 5.0 2 2 -2 1
Hong Kong, China 12.26 - - - - -1 1 -4 -9
II re-exports
Korea, Republic of
11.86
10.37
-
4.0
-
5.8
-
8.1
-
4.1
0
-3
1
-3
-3
3
-8
0
India 10.27 2.4 2.1 3.5 4.1 8 8 9 6
Turkey 9.40 0.6 1.4 2.3 3.8 12 7 18 5
Taipei, Chinese 9.22 3.2 5.9 7.6 3.7 -3 1 0 -5
Japan 7.34 9.3 5.6 4.5 2.9 1 0 3 3
Pakistan 7.19 1.6 2.6 2.9 2.9 6 5 -1 -3
Indonesia 3.67 0.1 1.2 2.2 1.5 1 8 6 -4
Thailand 3.21 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.3 6 4 8 3
Mexico a 1.99 0.2 0.7 1.6 0.8 -3 3 1 -10
Canada 1.99 0.6 0.7 1.4 0.8 -1 -4 -2 -14
Above 15 228.76 - - 91.4 91.4 - - - -
Importers
European Union (27) 83.96 - - 34.3 31.9 5 7 12 -2
extra-EU (27) imports 27.93 - - 9.7 10.6 7 11 14 2
United States 23.13 4.5 6.2 9.5 8.8 5 4 3 -4
China a, c 16.23 1.9 4.9 7.7 6.2 3 6 2 -3
Hong Kong, China 12.31 - - - - -1 1 -3 -9
retained imports 0.45 3.7 3.8 0.9 0.2 -14 5 1 -25
Japan 6.95 3.0 3.8 2.9 2.6 4 6 2 10
Viet Nam b 6.05 ... ... 0.8 2.3 20 16 29 18
Turkey 5.65 0.1 0.5 1.3 2.1 13 6 28 -6
Mexico a, d 5.37 0.2 0.9 3.5 2.0 -1 -2 -5 -5
Canada d 4.43 2.3 2.2 2.5 1.7 1 2 2 -2
Indonesia 3.26 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.2 13 -3 8 315
Brazil 2.95 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.1 14 38 37 35
Thailand 2.44 0.3 0.8 1.0 0.9 5 4 5 13
Above 15 175.26 - - 69.7 66.7 - - - -

c In 2008, China reported imports of textiles from China amounting to $3.2 billion. For further information, see the Metadata.
106
Table II.65
Textile exports of selected economies, 1990-2008

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a
World 104354 | 157295 220367 240364 250198 2.5 1.6

Argentina 158 258 219 233 274 1.0 0.4
Australia 153 347 312 340 319 0.5 0.2
Bangladesh b, c 343 393 1494 884 1090 6.2 7.1
Belarus - 410 504 567 588 5.6 1.8
Brazil 769 895 1365 1436 1361 1.6 0.7
Canada 687 2204 2369 2316 1988 0.8 0.4
Chile
China d
33
7219
114
16135
112
48678
129
55961
110
65256
0.6
6.5
0.2
4.6
II
Colombia 133 268 383 628 858 2.1 2.3
Croatia ... 87 113 132 141 2.0 1.0
Egypt c 554 412 650 726 762 8.8 3.0
El Salvador d 38 79 80 98 122 2.7 2.7
European Union (27) - 56737 73846 81846 80207 2.3 1.4
intra-EU (27) exports - 41170 52310 58095 56035 2.5 1.4
extra-EU (27) exports - 15567 21536 23751 24172 2.0 1.3
Guatemala 34 53 | 183 202 248 2.0 3.2
Hong Kong, China 8213 13441 13910 13417 12256 6.6 3.3
re-exports 6042 12265 13380 12955 11860 6.8 3.4
India 2180 5570 8909 9667 10267 13.1 5.8
Indonesia 1241 3505 3614 3829 3675 5.4 2.6
Iran, Islamic Rep. of c 510 766 766 676 498 2.7 0.4
Israel 270 490 744 764 651 1.6 1.1
Japan 5871 7023 6934 7108 7340 1.5 0.9
Macao, China 136 272 242 197 107 10.7 5.4
Malaysia d 343 1270 1437 1470 1549 1.3 0.8
Mauritius c, d 35 81 78 88 80 5.2 3.4
Mexico d 713 2571 2192 2215 1993 1.5 0.7
Morocco d 203 123 242 326 324 1.7 1.6
Nepal 82 182 157 170 185 22.7 17.6
New Zealand 135 142 262 304 280 1.1 0.9
Norway 163 173 233 258 266 0.3 0.2
Pakistan 2663 4532 7469 7371 7186 50.2 35.4
Peru 221 128 199 250 313 1.8 1.0
Philippines d 132 297 239 205 194 0.7 0.4
Saudi Arabia c 31 114 315 324 419 0.1 0.1
Singapore 903 907 | 911 969 885 0.7 0.3
re-exports 762 614 | 626 649 611 1.0 0.4
South Africa c 167 240 306 332 301 0.8 0.4
Sri Lanka c 25 244 154 176 188 4.5 2.2
Switzerland 2557 1503 | 1593 1761 1802 1.9 0.9
Taipei, Chinese 6128 11891 9780 9732 9220 8.0 3.6
Tanzania c ... 11 39 56 44 1.7 1.4
Thailand 928 1958 2873 3114 3211 2.8 1.8
Tunisia 112 154 349 495 478 2.6 2.5
Turkey 1440 3672 7585 8942 9399 13.2 7.1
Ukraine - 127 244 290 289 0.9 0.4
United States 5039 10952 12680 12426 12496 1.4 1.0
Viet Nam c ... 299 1058 1321 1639 2.1 2.6
a Or nearest year.
107
Table II.66
Textile imports of selected economies, 1990-2008


1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Argentina 53 653 820 1000 1147 2.6 2.0
Australia b 1445 1632 1837 2051 2210 2.3 1.2
Bangladesh c, d 452 1350 1538 1206 1546 15.2 6.5
Belarus - 256 427 487 591 3.0 1.5
Brazil e 252 1045 1599 2183 2947 1.9 1.7
Cambodia d ... 432 1202 1350 ... 22.3 24.9
II Canada b 2325 4126 4472 4544 4431 1.7 1.1
Chile 203 431 522 563 642 2.3 1.0
China f 5292 12832 16358 16645 16228 5.7 1.4
Colombia 75 558 864 988 999 4.8 2.5
Costa Rica f 83 184 232 232 290 2.9 1.9
Croatia ... 249 484 566 598 3.2 1.9
Dominican Republic b, d, f ... 1173 941 838 774 12.4 4.8
Egypt d 211 526 1094 1279 1628 3.8 3.4
El Salvador d, f 111 325 672 694 693 6.6 7.1
European Union (27) g - 57422 76329 85480 83962 2.2 1.3
extra-EU (27) imports - 16222 23927 27385 27927 1.8 1.2
FYR Macedonia ... 27 339 425 464 1.3 6.8
Guatemala f 38 59 | 1144 1043 990 1.2 6.8
Honduras 26 501 1239 1413 1559 12.6 15.0
Hong Kong, China 10182 13716 13975 13559 12313 6.4 3.1
India 240 578 1972 2123 2322 1.1 0.8
Indonesia 785 1251 730 785 3262 2.9 2.6
Israel 474 759 718 763 801 2.0 1.2
Japan 4133 4935 6176 6297 6947 1.3 0.9
Jordan 107 172 725 670 651 3.7 3.9
Kenya 17 47 249 250 258 1.5 2.3
Kuwait 168 212 343 325 341 3.0 1.4
Macao, China 619 902 618 485 310 40.0 5.8
Madagascar d 20 200 314 417 536 18.2 13.3
Malaysia f 951 1114 1063 1184 1121 1.4 0.7
Mauritius d 336 411 266 290 264 19.6 5.7
Mexico b, f 992 5822 5951 5661 5366 3.3 1.7
Morocco f 361 1364 1915 2306 2296 11.8 5.5
New Zealand 396 369 506 564 537 2.7 1.6
Norway 554 509 772 927 1020 1.5 1.1
Pakistan 126 130 551 579 589 1.2 1.4
Peru d 17 165 358 472 691 2.2 2.3
Philippines 910 1250 1244 1189 873 3.4 1.4
Saudi Arabia d 1312 986 1204 1296 1655 3.3 1.4
Singapore 1778 1275 | 1101 1174 1193 0.9 0.4
South Africa b 561 570 975 1015 1019 2.1 1.2
Sri Lanka d 412 1483 1540 1609 1694 20.7 12.1
Switzerland 1849 1326 1800 2032 2177 1.6 1.2
Taipei, Chinese 1013 1460 1141 1188 1175 1.0 0.5
Thailand 898 1630 2059 2160 2444 2.6 1.4
Tunisia 790 1207 1594 1997 2088 14.1 8.5
Turkey 567 2124 4686 6009 5646 3.9 2.8
Ukraine - 450 916 984 1118 3.2 1.3
United States 6730 15985 23498 24089 23128 1.3 1.1
Viet Nam d ... 1379 3988 5139 6048 8.8 7.5
a Or nearest year.
108
4.6. Clothing
Table II.67
Clothing exports of selected regions and economies by destination, 2008

2008 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2007 2008

World 361.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8 12 5
Asia
World 188.3 100.0 100.0 46.1 52.0 10 13 5
Europe 59.7 23.7 31.7 10.9 16.5 14 0 17 II
North America 56.9 39.3 30.2 18.1 15.7 6 7 -3
Asia 39.7 29.4 21.1 13.6 11.0 5 10 2
Middle East 7.3 2.8 3.9 1.3 2.0 14 61 4
Africa 3.7 1.2 1.9 0.5 1.0 17 47 -25
China
World 120.0 100.0 100.0 18.2 33.2 16 21 4
Europe 35.3 16.8 29.4 3.1 9.7 25 -2 24
Asia 32.3 51.8 26.9 9.5 8.9 7 13 1
North America 24.5 20.7 20.4 3.8 6.8 16 20 -10
Middle East 5.2 2.6 4.3 0.5 1.4 24 87 -3
South and Central America 4.1 3.1 3.4 0.6 1.1 18 48 -1
Africa 2.9 1.6 2.4 0.3 0.8 23 54 -30
World 68.3 100.0 100.0 27.8 18.9 3 1 6
North America 32.4 51.5 47.5 14.3 9.0 2 -1 3
Europe 24.4 28.3 35.7 7.9 6.7 6 3 8
Asia 7.4 14.7 10.8 4.1 2.0 -1 -4 4
Middle East 2.1 2.8 3.1 0.8 0.6 4 13 26
Africa 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.2 0.2 5 16 7
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.1 -1 15 15
Europe
World 130.5 100.0 100.0 32.6 36.1 9 15 6
Europe 108.0 82.7 82.7 27.0 29.8 9 15 5
Asia 5.4 4.4 4.1 1.4 1.5 8 14 10
North America 4.6 7.1 3.5 2.3 1.3 0 2 -6
Middle East 2.9 1.7 2.2 0.5 0.8 13 24 25
Africa 1.5 1.7 1.2 0.6 0.4 4 2 12
World 12.4 100.0 100.0 5.9 3.4 1 1 -2
North America 10.1 92.9 81.4 5.5 2.8 -1 -7 -5
Europe 0.3 1.6 2.5 0.1 0.1 7 22 -6
Asia 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 18 39 -1
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 44 26 70
Middle East 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 8 13 21
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16 -1 -14
109
Table II.68
Clothing imports of selected economies by origin, 2008


2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 8452 100.0 11 12 8 World 82464 100.0 3 2 -3
Asia 6723 79.5 13 14 10 Asia 60886 73.8 6 7 -1
North America 837 9.9 2 -1 8 South and Central America 9630 11.7 -2 -7 -5
Europe 576 6.8 8 15 -3 North America 5075 6.2 -9 -15 -13
II South and Central America 205 2.4 9 -4 6 Europe 3295 4.0 -3 0 -11
Africa 77 0.9 12 10 4 Africa 2170 2.6 6 3 -4
Middle East 22 0.3 -1 4 -12 Middle East 1355 1.6 -1 -15 -16
CIS 12 0.1 -7 0 9 CIS 52 0.1 -24 -61 -32
Economy Economy
China 4555 53.9 22 18 9 China 28575 34.7 16 17 0
Bangladesh 540 6.4 23 4 20 Viet Nam 5527 6.7 79 35 20
United States 536 6.3 -1 1 14 Indonesia 4358 5.3 8 8 1
European Union (27) 440 5.2 7 15 -3 Mexico 4250 5.2 -9 -15 -10
India 333 3.9 4 -4 -5 Bangladesh 3657 4.4 6 5 11
Above 5 6404 75.8 - - - Above 5 46367 56.2 - - -
Mexico 297 3.5 10 -3 0 India 3412 4.1 6 -2 -3
Cambodia 246 2.9 48 45 32 Honduras 2742 3.3 1 3 4
Viet Nam 230 2.7 33 27 36 European Union (27) 2721 3.3 -1 6 -7
Indonesia 161 1.9 7 15 4 Cambodia 2508 3.0 14 13 -2
Turkey 108 1.3 14 10 -3 Thailand 2238 2.7 0 -4 -3
Thailand 105 1.2 1 -7 -2 Pakistan 1691 2.1 5 4 0
Malaysia 94 1.1 2 6 20 Hong Kong, China 1645 2.0 -13 -27 -24
Pakistan 80 0.9 4 1 -2 Sri Lanka 1620 2.0 0 -7 -5
Honduras 63 0.7 13 -7 15 El Salvador 1574 1.9 -1 5 3
Sri Lanka 62 0.7 3 0 11 Malaysia 1505 1.8 1 2 6
Philippines 60 0.7 -1 -6 -21 Guatemala 1452 1.8 -1 -13 -4
Hong Kong, China 56 0.7 -20 -16 1 Philippines 1443 1.8 -4 -14 -21
Korea, Republic of 51 0.6 -16 -19 6 Jordan 1014 1.2 47 -9 -15
Taipei, Chinese 45 0.5 -11 0 5 Nicaragua 963 1.2 14 10 -3
El Salvador 26 0.3 11 3 -8 Macao, China 876 1.1 -4 -12 -18
Peru 24 0.3 19 -1 1 Dominican Republic 862 1.0 -12 -32 -20
Macao, China 22 0.3 -7 -8 -11 Canada 825 1.0 -10 -17 -26
Guatemala 20 0.2 14 -6 25 Peru 825 1.0 9 -3 -3
Morocco 19 0.2 38 27 11 Taipei, Chinese 823 1.0 -12 -15 -15
Dominican Republic 16 0.2 -5 -25 1 Egypt 783 0.9 8 11 6
Tunisia 16 0.2 29 16 -5 Korea, Republic of 597 0.7 -17 -31 -18
Nicaragua 15 0.2 16 23 38 Turkey 447 0.5 -11 -22 -28
Egypt 14 0.2 6 10 19 Haiti 423 0.5 6 1 -8
Haiti 12 0.1 19 31 -16 Colombia 362 0.4 -2 -24 -9
Madagascar 11 0.1 36 12 9 Lesotho 359 0.4 12 -1 -11
Switzerland 10 0.1 9 37 -9 Costa Rica 310 0.4 -12 -9 -28
Jordan 10 0.1 54 32 -21 Madagascar 295 0.4 12 21 -4
Singapore 10 0.1 -4 36 14 Kenya 259 0.3 24 -6 -1
Israel 8 0.1 -2 4 11 Israel 178 0.2 -12 -21 -10
Japan 8 0.1 0 29 -11 Swaziland 132 0.2 19 0 -7
Ukraine 8 0.1 17 40 18 Singapore 126 0.2 -13 3 -20
Colombia 8 0.1 8 -32 5 Mauritius 107 0.1 -11 -3 -12
Costa Rica 7 0.1 1 66 13 Morocco 97 0.1 0 -11 2
Nepal 6 0.1 4 10 -1 Switzerland 95 0.1 8 15 -9
Lesotho 6 0.1 4 -22 -15 Japan 94 0.1 -2 1 -16
Above 40 8339 98.7 - - - Above 40 81770 99.2 - - -
110
Clothing imports of selected economies by origin, 2008

2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008 2008 2008 2000-08 2007 2008
Region Region
World 177741 100.0 10 14 8 World 25866 100.0 3 1 8
Europe 99784 56.1 9 15 4 Asia 23815 92.1 4 1 9
Asia 66269 37.3 13 13 14 Europe 1691 6.5 1 -1 -2
Africa 9098 5.1 6 15 4 North America 213 0.8 -11 -22 -10
CIS 953 0.5 4 2 -5 Africa 90 0.3 23 26 15 II
North America 823 0.5 5 6 8 South and Central America 42 0.2 1 10 -5
South and Central America 424 0.2 4 2 6 CIS 8 0.0 13 17 14
Middle East 376 0.2 -6 -8 -6 Middle East 5 0.0 -4 -13 -29
Economy Economy
European Union (27) 84658 47.6 9 15 5 China 21429 82.8 5 1 8
China 39815 22.4 21 25 23 European Union (27) 1592 6.2 1 -1 -3
Turkey 11856 6.7 11 18 -5 Viet Nam 865 3.3 5 11 21
Bangladesh 6962 3.9 14 4 15 Thailand 313 1.2 1 -8 16
India 6352 3.6 13 10 11 Korea, Republic of 227 0.9 -16 -26 -12
Above 5 149643 84.2 - - - Above 5 24427 94.4 - - -
Tunisia 3841 2.2 6 14 8 Malaysia 202 0.8 4 6 18
Morocco 3550 2.0 6 17 1 India 187 0.7 4 -11 21
Viet Nam 1924 1.1 13 21 18 United States 183 0.7 -11 -24 -8
Indonesia 1735 1.0 0 -7 1 Indonesia 148 0.6 -5 -8 10
Sri Lanka 1726 1.0 10 17 15 Myanmar 132 0.5 52 33 38
Pakistan 1686 0.9 9 11 9 Philippines 77 0.3 -5 11 -2
Thailand 1428 0.8 5 1 7 Taipei, Chinese 66 0.3 -6 3 8
Hong Kong, China 1270 0.7 -10 -27 -46 Turkey 62 0.2 22 -3 17
Switzerland 1030 0.6 12 25 9 Bangladesh 46 0.2 13 23 52
Malaysia 974 0.5 4 7 7 Morocco 39 0.2 36 46 38
Cambodia 813 0.5 15 4 12 Tunisia 38 0.1 23 21 4
Egypt 702 0.4 13 20 22 Hong Kong, China 38 0.1 -12 -29 -19
FYR Macedonia 698 0.4 15 43 11 Sri Lanka 23 0.1 4 -8 5
Mauritius 624 0.4 0 9 -6 Switzerland 21 0.1 3 -5 3
United States 617 0.3 4 5 11 Mexico 19 0.1 -4 -7 -24
Croatia 559 0.3 3 8 4 Cambodia 19 0.1 35 7 29
Ukraine 537 0.3 6 0 -1 Macao, China 14 0.1 1 -11 14
Serbia 422 0.2 ... 35 12 Peru 13 0.1 11 14 3
Madagascar 321 0.2 4 16 -5 Canada 11 0.0 -11 -16 -15
Albania 280 0.2 15 41 25 Brazil 10 0.0 12 60 25
Korea, Republic of 248 0.1 -15 -22 -37 Croatia 9 0.0 24 5 2
Philippines 232 0.1 -4 -12 -17 Pakistan 8 0.0 -7 16 -5
Taipei, Chinese 224 0.1 -10 -3 -29 Ukraine 5 0.0 13 45 10
Myanmar 216 0.1 -3 -17 -2 Lao People's Dem. Rep. 5 0.0 35 12 124
Bosnia and Herzegovina 205 0.1 10 15 15 Nepal 5 0.0 -19 -19 42
Moldova 204 0.1 15 20 1 Madagascar 5 0.0 18 1 -28
Macao, China 204 0.1 -13 -19 -47 Honduras 4 0.0 -6 -4 -23
Japan 173 0.1 2 21 8 Egypt 4 0.0 46 -29 166
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 163 0.1 5 -4 10 Moldova 3 0.0 ... 23 45
Peru 140 0.1 11 23 11 Colombia 3 0.0 1 -12 10
United Arab Emirates 124 0.1 -8 -20 -12 Mauritius 3 0.0 -5 30 -27
Israel 111 0.1 -9 -8 -2 Serbia 2 0.0 ... 38 -10
Belarus 108 0.1 -2 -7 -8 FYR Macedonia 2 0.0 56 22 28
Mexico 106 0.1 14 10 12 Jordan 2 0.0 63 67 16
Canada 99 0.1 3 7 -9 Israel 2 0.0 -2 -15 -44
Above 40 176939 99.5 - - - Above 40 25835 99.9 - - -
111
Table II.69
Leading exporters and importers of clothing, 2008

2008 1980 1990 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
Exporters
China a 120.0 4.0 8.9 18.2 33.2 16 29 21 4
European Union (27) 112.4 - - 28.4 31.1 9 7 15 7
extra-EU (27) exports 27.7 - - 6.6 7.7 10 10 18 12
Hong Kong, China 27.9 - - - - 2 4 1 -3
re-exports 25.0 - - - - 7 8 10 5
II Turkey 13.6 0.3 3.1 3.3 3.8 10 2 15 -2
Bangladesh b 10.9 0.0 0.6 2.6 3.0 10 21 6 23
India 10.9 1.7 2.3 3.0 3.0 8 11 3 11
Viet Nam b 9.0 ... ... 0.9 2.5 22 19 33 21
Indonesia 6.3 0.2 1.5 2.4 1.7 4 16 2 7
Mexico a 4.9 0.0 0.5 4.4 1.4 -7 -13 -19 -5
United States 4.4 3.1 2.4 4.4 1.2 -8 -2 -12 3
Thailand 4.2 0.7 2.6 1.9 1.2 2 4 -4 4
Pakistan 3.9 0.3 0.9 1.1 1.1 8 8 -3 3
Tunisia 3.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 7 -3 18 5
Cambodia b 3.6 ... ... 0.5 1.0 18 13 39 4
Malaysia a 3.6 0.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 6 15 11 15
Above 15 314.4 - - 78.4 86.9 - - - -
Importers
European Union (27) 177.7 - - 39.8 47.3 10 10 14 8
extra-EU (27) imports 93.1 - - 19.2 24.8 11 13 14 10
United States 82.5 16.4 24.0 32.1 22.0 3 4 2 -3
Japan 25.9 3.6 7.8 9.4 6.9 3 6 1 8
Hong Kong, China 18.5 - - - - 2 2 2 -3
retained imports ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Canada c 8.5 1.7 2.1 1.8 2.3 11 17 12 8
Switzerland 5.8 3.4 3.1 1.5 1.5 8 5 11 12
Australia c 4.3 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.1 11 5 13 16
Norway 2.7 1.7 1.1 0.6 0.7 10 7 16 19
Mexico a, c 2.5 0.3 0.5 1.7 0.7 -4 0 -2 3
China a 2.3 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.6 8 6 15 15
Singapore 2.2 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.6 2 17 -3 -8
Turkey 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 30 39 43 41
Above 15 d 347.8 - - 91.8 92.6 - - - -

d Excludes retained imports of Hong Kong, China.
112
Table II.70
Clothing exports of selected economies, 1990-2008

1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a
World 108129 | 197722 309142 345830 361888 3.1 2.3

Albania ... 97 225 289 351 37.6 26.0
Bangladesh b, c 643 5067 8318 8855 10920 79.3 71.1
Belarus - 262 350 400 449 3.6 1.4
Botswana ... 30 141 340 260 1.1 5.3
Cambodia c ... 970 2513 3491 3645 69.8 84.8
Canada 328 2077 1798 1585 1308 0.8 0.3
China d 9669 36071 95379 115233 119978 14.5 8.4 II
Colombia 460 520 962 1351 1222 4.0 3.2
Costa Rica d 54 660 235 212 266 11.2 2.7
Croatia ... 469 538 585 604 10.6 4.3
Dominican Republic d 782 | 2555 1734 1367 1080 44.5 15.5
Egypt c 144 710 1138 1330 1551 15.1 6.1
El Salvador c, d 184 1673 1814 1830 1956 56.9 43.0
European Union (27) - 56240 91437 105104 112375 2.3 1.9
intra-EU (27) exports - 43286 70538 80340 84658 2.6 2.1
extra-EU (27) exports - 12954 20899 24764 27717 1.7 1.4
FYR Macedonia c ... 318 509 635 823 24.0 20.7
Guatemala 24 49 | 1557 1390 1230 1.8 15.9
Haiti 63 245 432 459 421 76.9 86.0
Honduras c 64 2275 2613 2842 2940 68.0 48.6
Hong Kong, China 15406 24214 28391 28765 27908 11.9 7.5
re-exports 6140 14279 21666 23780 25041 8.0 7.1
India 2530 5960 9499 9786 10854 14.1 6.1
Indonesia 1646 4734 5760 5870 6285 7.2 4.5
Japan 568 534 485 523 591 0.1 0.1
Jordan 11 115 1257 1218 1041 6.1 13.4
Kenya 9 9 230 241 256 0.5 5.2
Lesotho ... 161 478 557 ... 73.1 69.2
Macao, China 1111 1849 1610 1491 1053 72.8 52.7
Madagascar c 11 309 252 394 571 37.4 42.6
Malaysia d 1315 2257 2842 3159 3624 2.3 1.8
Mauritius c, d 607 948 772 887 845 60.9 36.0
Mexico d 587 8631 6323 5150 4911 5.2 1.7
Moldova - 76 200 238 267 16.0 16.7
Morocco d 722 2401 3238 3517 3334 32.3 16.6
Myanmar c 12 800 386 412 371 48.6 5.3
Pakistan 1014 2144 3907 3806 3906 23.8 19.2
Peru 120 504 1204 1406 1635 7.2 5.2
Philippines d 1733 2536 2624 2294 1979 6.4 4.0
Serbia ... ... 319 445 552 ... 5.0
Singapore 1588 1825 | 1985 1779 1557 1.3 0.5
re-exports 593 1321 | 1747 1556 1330 2.2 0.8
Sri Lanka c 638 2812 3046 3283 3460 51.8 40.9
Swaziland c ... 124 152 47 44 13.6 2.4
Switzerland 686 607 | 1620 1771 1922 0.8 1.0
Taipei, Chinese 3987 3015 1410 1274 1190 2.0 0.5
Thailand 2817 3759 4247 4073 4241 5.4 2.4
Tunisia 1126 2227 3018 3571 3766 38.1 19.5
Turkey 3331 6533 12052 13886 13591 23.5 10.3
Ukraine - 417 682 718 719 2.9 1.1
United States 2565 8629 4885 4320 4449 1.1 0.3
Viet Nam c ... 1821 5579 7400 8971 12.6 14.3
a Or nearest year.
113
Table II.71
Clothing imports of selected economies, 1990-2008


1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2008 a

Albania ... 68 173 232 246 6.3 4.7
Argentina 6 333 192 271 417 1.3 0.7
Australia b 711 1858 3279 3703 4280 2.6 2.2
Bangladesh c, d 14 174 168 197 252 2.0 1.1
Brazil e 59 173 442 614 883 0.3 0.5
Canada b 2388 3690 6987 7796 8452 1.5 2.1
II Chile 52 501 1003 1169 1348 2.7 2.2
China f 48 1192 1724 1976 2282 0.5 0.2
Colombia 19 80 159 258 335 0.7 0.8
Costa Rica f 17 592 214 236 272 9.3 1.8
Croatia ... 278 518 691 762 3.5 2.5
Ecuador 1 23 154 185 214 0.6 1.1
Egypt d 9 404 411 817 622 2.9 1.3
El Salvador d, f 171 713 217 187 117 14.4 1.2
European Union (27) g - 83181 144448 164993 177741 3.2 2.8
extra-EU (27) imports - 40148 74370 84653 93083 4.4 4.1
Guatemala f 5 33 | 190 208 183 0.7 1.3
Honduras 25 1304 423 333 186 32.7 1.8
Hong Kong, China 6913 16008 18852 19149 18546 7 5
Iceland 75 88 156 184 169 3.4 2.7
Israel 61 471 788 949 1123 1.2 1.7
Japan 8765 19709 23831 23997 25866 5.2 3.4
Jordan 28 61 247 296 326 1.3 1.9
Kuwait 206 317 567 699 698 4.4 2.8
Macao, China 26 214 1056 1105 872 9.5 16.3
Malaysia f 76 148 359 410 492 0.2 0.3
Mexico b, f 573 3602 2517 2474 2544 2.1 0.8
Morocco f 8 232 274 321 337 2.0 0.8
New Zealand 149 401 740 877 914 2.9 2.7
Norway 1231 1287 1977 2286 2729 3.7 3.1
Peru d 1 59 134 184 268 0.8 0.9
Qatar 29 54 211 264 302 1.7 1.1
Saudi Arabia d 833 813 1649 1939 2018 2.7 1.8
Serbia ... ... 222 362 492 ... 2.1
Singapore 920 1881 | 2497 2428 2224 1.4 0.7
South Africa b 108 223 1123 994 993 0.8 1.1
Switzerland 3437 3160 4654 5184 5804 3.8 3.2
Taipei, Chinese 290 978 1223 1118 1171 0.7 0.5
Thailand 29 131 276 331 392 0.2 0.2
Tunisia 191 438 550 644 635 5.1 2.6
Turkey 16 264 1098 1566 2216 0.5 1.1
Ukraine - 60 342 375 877 0.4 1.0
United States 26977 67115 82969 84851 82464 5.3 3.8
Viet Nam d ... 450 271 270 446 2.9 0.6
a Or nearest year.
114
III.
The Highlights
Transportation services
IN THIS CHAPTER :
The economic crisis has severely hit
sea transportation
Travel
Other commercial services
TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES

In 2008, world exports of transportation services increased by 16 per
Financial services
cent, to US$ 890 billion. Exports grew by more than 20 per cent on aver-
age year-on-year during the first nine months of 2008, but in the last Measuring construction
quarter, they dropped dramatically in all countries. In Japan and the Asymmetries in trade in
European Union, they declined by 9 per cent. Singapore recorded a drop of commercial services
15 per cent. Exports from Hong Kong, China remained positive, rising by 2
per cent, while US exports of transportation services stagnated.
The economic crisis had an imme-

World exports of transportation services
diate effect on sea transport, which Chart III.1 and world merchandise exports, Q1 2008 - Q1 2009 III
accounts for more than 40 per cent
of world exports of transportation 40.0
services. As the global demand for 30.0
goods declined, the demand for sea 20.0
10.0
transportation services, mainly freight
0.0
transport, fell significantly. The Baltic -10.0
Dry Index (BDI),1 which measures the -20.0
changes in the cost of transporting raw -30.0
commodities by sea, reached a record -40.0

Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009
level in Spring 2008, reflecting a high
World merchandise exports World transportation services exports
demand for raw materials. However,
by December it had dropped by 94
per cent.
According to preliminary data, this

United States and EU(27)
negative trend accelerated in the first Chart III.2 Imports of transportation services from China, Q1 2008 - Q1 2009
months of 2009. The United States
reported a year-on-year decline of 23 40.0
per cent in exports (and 22 per cent 30.0
in imports) in the period January - 20.0
May 2009. EU exports are estimated
10.0
to have declined by 26 per cent in the
0.0
first quarter of 2009, while Japan’s fell
-10.0
by 36 per cent between January and
-20.0
April compared with the same period
-30.0
in 2008. Exports of the Republic of Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009
Korea, which had grown by over 40
US EU(27)
per cent on average in the first nine
months of 2008, fell by 31 per cent in Source: US BEA and EUROSTAT.
the first quarter of 2009. In the same
period, transport exports from Hong Kong, China declined by 17 per cent (the number of containers handled in its
ports fell by 18 per cent). No quarterly Balance of Payments statistics are available for China, but US and EU imports
from China show a downward trend.
1 The Baltic Dry Index is a daily average of prices for shipping of raw commodities in dry bulk cargoes on different international shipping routes. The index
fluctuates according to the shift in world demand for raw materials. Declining demand resulting in lower transportation prices will push the index downwards
while increased demand will lift the index.
115
Travel
International travel is facing difficult times
International travel, whether for lei-

sure or for business, is the second
Chart III.3 World travel exports, Q1 2008 - Q1 2009
services sector, after transport, most
severely affected by the global crisis. (Percentage change, year-on-year)
25.0
Quarterly data show that world travel 20.0
receipts were buoyant in the first two 15.0
10.0
quarters of 2008, increasing 20 per 5.0

cent on average year-on-year. In the 0.0
-5.0
third quarter, their growth decelerated, -10.0
-15.0
and in the last quarter of the year they
-20.0
declined by 9 per cent. World travel -25.0
Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009
exports are estimated to have dropped
by 18 per cent in the first quarter of
2009.
By the beginning of 2009, virtually all regions had been affected by the economic crisis. In Europe, the European
III
Union travel exports fell by 24 per cent year-on-year in the first quarter of 2009. Turkey, which had enjoyed one of the
most rapid growth rates in 2008 (19 per cent), saw its travel receipts fall by 11 per cent in the first quarter. In North
America, US travel exports contracted by 9 per cent, while in Canada, they plummeted by 24 per cent. In Asia, Thai-
land’s exports decreased by 26 per cent while in Australia the decline was 18 per cent. In Africa, Egypt and Morocco’s
travel receipts dropped by 17 per cent and 30 per cent respectively.
The outlook for the sector in 2009 as a whole is bleak. In addition to the adverse economic conditions, the grow-
ing fear of the influenza pandemic A (H1N1) might have a negative impact on international travel. The World Tourism
Organization forecasts a global decline of 4 to 6 per cent of international tourist arrivals in 2009.
Maldives - Travel exports and international

Chart III.4 tourist arrivals, 2007-2009 forecast
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
Tourism in the least- 0.0
developed countries (LDCs) -5.0
has been severely affected -10.0

-15.0
Preliminary data confirm that tour- -20.0
-25.0
ism in the LDCs has been severely 2007 2008 2009(f)
affected by the economic downturn.
For those countries that are depend- Travel exports International tourist arrivals
ent on tourism revenues, the impact of Source : Maldives Monetary Authority and UNWTO.
the crisis may be dramatic. For the
Maldives, where travel exports account Chart III.5 Ratio of travel exports to GDP in selected LDCs, 2007
for 56 per cent of GDP, travel receipts
(Percentage)
are expected to decrease by more than
Maldives 55.9
20 per cent in 2009.
Vanuatu 26.3
Samoa 22.1
Cape Verde 21.2
Cambodia 13.2
Gambia 11.6
Comoros 6.4
Tanzania 6.4
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 5.8
Senegal 4.8
LDCs 1.8
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
116
Cambodia is the largest travel Cambodia - Travel exports and international tourist arrivals,
exporter among LDCs. In 2007, travel Chart III.6 Q1 2008 - Q1 2009
receipts accounted for 75 per cent of (Percentage change, year-on-year)
the country’s total exports of commer- 20.0
cial services and 13 per cent of its

GDP. 10.0
During the last quarter of 2008,

n.a.
Cambodia’s travel exports stagnated, 0.0
reflecting the progressive decline in

the number of international tourists.
-10.0
Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009

The economy reported a drop of 6
Travel exports International tourist arrivals
per cent year-on-year in international
tourists in the first quarter of 2009. Source: IMF and UNWTO.
Chart III.7 Cape Verde - Travel exports, Q1 2008- Q2 2009

Cape Verde, graduating from the
LDC group at the end of 2007, is 50
also suffering the repercussions of 40
the recession. Its travel exports, which 30

36%
III
20
accounted for 21 per cent of GDP in 10
2007, plummeted from a year-on-year 0
-10
increase of 36 per cent in the first quar- -20
ter of 2008 to a decline of 32 per cent -30
-32%
-40
in the first three months of 2009. Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009
Source: Bank of Cape Verde.
Other commercial services have not been as badly affected

by the economic downturn
World exports of other commercial

Chart III.8 World exports of other commercial services, Q1 2008- Q2 2009
services increased by 11 per cent in
2008, to US$ 1935 billion, recording (Percentage change, year-on-year)
25.0
their lowest growth since 2002. 20.0
15.0
10.0
This category of services has shown 5.0
more resilience to the economic reces- 0.0
-5.0
sion than transportation services and -10.0
the travel sector. With an average -15.0
-20.0
year-on-year increase of 18 per cent -25.0
Q1 2008 Q2 2008
Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009
in the first two quarters of 2008, world
exports of other commercial services
were less dynamic than exports of transportation services. However, their fall following the economic crisis was less
severe declining by 5 per cent in the last three months of 2008. In the first quarter of 2009, however, exports were
estimated to have declined by 15 per cent globally.
In 2008, the Russian Federation recorded the highest increase in exports, rising by 34 per cent, and mirroring the
growth rate of 2007. Thanks to sustained growth in 2008, the Russian Federation has become the tenth-largest
exporter of other commercial services, rising from 13th place in 2007. Business, professional and technical services,
which account for more than half of the country’s exports of other commercial services, were mainly exported to the
European Union, the United States and Switzerland.
117
Financial services
Exports of financial services have plummeted
The decrease in exports of other commercial services is largely due to the turmoil in the financial sector. Having
recorded the fastest growth within this category in 2007 (32 per cent), world exports of financial services are estimated
to have increased by only 2 per cent in 2008, due to the sharp year-on-year drop in the last quarter of 2008 (a decline
of 19 per cent). According to preliminary estimates, in the first quarter of 2009 the global decline in exports of financial
services is estimated at 26 per cent.
In the Balance of Payments, exports

of financial services comprise mainly
fees and commissions earned by Chart III.9 World exports of financial services, Q1 2008 - Q1 2009
resident banks (and other financial (Percentage change, year-on-year)
institutions) arising from financial asset 30.0
management activities and transac- 20.0

tions in financial instruments with non- 10.0
residents. These commissions are 0.0
primarily related to the value of the
III managed assets. Following the crisis
-10.0
-20.0
in the financial markets, the value of
-30.0
assets under management has fallen Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009
sharply. This has translated into a

net reduction in the commissions and
fees earned by resident banks, and
thus a collapse in exports of financial
services.
The repercussions of the financial

Quarterly exports of financial services of selected
Chart III.10 leading exporters, Q1 2008 - Q1 2009
crisis are clearly visible in the data of
leading exporters of financial services.
60.0
In Switzerland (including financial
services indirectly measured) and the
40.0
European Union, exports of financial
20.0 services fell by 20 per cent year-on-
0.0 year in the last quarter of 2008. In
-20.0
the United States, where the financial
crisis originated, exports of financial
-40.0
services declined by 14 per cent in
-60.0
EU(27) United States Switzerland Hong Kong, China Korea, Rep. of Taipei, Chinese the same period. Preliminary figures
for the first quarter of 2009 show a
further decline in exports for the lead-
ing exporters, ranging from 13 per cent for the United States to an estimated 30 per cent for the European Union.
However, some of the sharpest declines in the first quarter of 2009 were recorded in Asian economies, such as in Hong
Kong, China (a drop of 32 per cent), Chinese Taipei (53 per cent) and the Republic of Korea (56 per cent).
118
Measuring construction
Interpreting construction data is problematic
In the Balance of Payments, construction covers work performed on construction projects and installation of employ-
ees of an enterprise in locations outside the economy of this enterprise. However, interpreting construction trade solely
based on Balance of Payments data is problematic for two reasons: residency criteria and definitions used for compiling
this item. In general, a one-year guideline and/or the importance of external operations are used for defining residency.
For construction, the latter are, for instance, based on the size of projects, the location from which the construction
project is conducted (the economy of the contractor or in the economy where the project is taking place), availability of

separate accounts for these external operations, defining where income tax is payable etc. In other words, compilers
should specify if the external operations of contractors are substantial enough to constitute a branch abroad. When
they are not branches, the transactions will be recorded as trade in services in the Balance of Payments. If they are
branches, they will be captured by other sets of statistics covering resident-to-resident transactions (foreign affiliates
statistics). Economies using residency criteria in a flexible way allocate transactions differently: some will classify most
or all international construction projects (however long they last, including large-scale projects) as trade in services, as
defined in the Balance of Payments (e.g. Japan), whereas others will only consider smaller projects (in general using
solely the one-year guideline; larger-scale projects being covered in foreign affiliates statistics, e.g. EU members).
With respect to the definition of construction in the Balance of Payments, all economies record in principle the gross III
value of construction (i.e. inclusive of the value of all goods, services, labour inputs and the operating surplus). Goods
used by construction companies for their projects are therefore included. This implies that the “true” services compo-
nent tends to be over-estimated. Also, practice differs in the way economies record the costs of materials, services
and labour bought within the economy where the construction is taking place. Historically, they were not recorded
under construction (many economies are still applying this treatment, e.g. Australia) whereas, according to the most
recent guidelines, these costs should be reported under “construction”. This “new” treatment means that for a compiling
economy, credits (exports) record both the total value of the construction taking place abroad plus the costs incurred by
foreign contractors in the compiling economy for construction projects taking place in this compiling economy. Debits
(imports) cover the total value of foreign construction projects taking place in the compiling economy plus the compil-
ing economy’s expenses abroad for projects taking place abroad. In other words, data disaggregated into construction
abroad (credits and debits) and construction in the compiling economy (credits and debits) provide a sounder basis for
analysing trade in construction, which is actually the treatment encouraged in recent statistical guidelines.
The chart illustrates this data issue by presenting

trade in construction by the European Union, which is Chart III.11 EU(27) trade in construction with Switzerland, 2007
the only set of countries to provide separate data for (Million dollars)
construction abroad and construction in the economy 822 693
900 Construction in Switzerland
by EU(27) contractors
where the service is taking place. Data are presented 800
108 Total value
for EU construction taking place in Switzerland, and 700 of construction
600 Expenditure on goods
Swiss construction projects taking place in the Euro- 283 and services
500
pean Union. EU exported construction to Switzer- in Switzerland
400
land in 2007 was worth US$ 820 million, of which Construction in EU(27) by
714
300 Swiss contractors
US$ 713 million corresponded to the gross value of 200 410 Total value
of construction
contracts of EU contractors in Switzerland and US$ 100
Expenditure on goods
107 million to goods and services acquired by Swiss 0
Exports Imports
and services in EU(27)
contractors for construction projects taking place in

the European Union. Similarly, the European Union
imported US$ 694 million of construction from Switzerland, of which US$ 283 million was the gross value of contracts
sold by Switzerland to the European Union and US$ 411 million corresponded to goods and services acquired by EU
contractors for construction projects taking place in Switzerland.
119
Asymmetries in trade in commercial services
Discrepancies exist in trade flows in services
In theory, world exports and imports of services (the total level and for specific services items) should match each
other. In practice, this is never the case. Discrepancies between the respective trade flows can be quite significant.
Reasons for this include misallocations, missing values, the way estimates are produced, and different data collection
systems. These differences are often interpreted as an indication of the poor quality of data.
For travel or other commercial serv-

ices, for example, world imports tend to Discrepancies between world exports and imports data,
Chart III.12 ratio of exports to imports, percentage, 2007

be lower than world exports. This sup-
(Ratio)
ports the general argument that serv-
200.0
ices export statistics are more reliable
than import statistics – due to the fact 150.0
that a small number of large export-
100.0
ers are easier to monitor than numer-
ous importers of various sizes. World 50.0
imports of financial services cover only
46 per cent of world exports. One rea-
III
0.0
ce ion al s el on s al d l
an s nd rci es on s av cti es es s ur l an n cia s
son for this is that for certain types of ur vice tat s a ees ati ice Tr tru ic sin ice ult na s er tio s an ce
or ltie ce f me rvic nic erv ns serv bu erv , c eatio vice put rma vice Fin ervi
Ins ser n sp a
y n o m e u s o r s a l
Tr
a Ro lice C s mm C he n cr er om fo er s
financial and fund management serv- Co Ot rso re s C in s
Pe and
ices, only exporters may be fully aware Ratio 190.4 118.7 105.1 94.7 91.2 91.2 91.0 88.3 87.4 58.4 45.6
of the exported “fees”.
However, there are instances where the reverse is true. For transportation or insurance services, for example, recorded
world imports are much larger than world exports. This may be due to different methodologies and data sources
employed by countries to estimate these services. To improve data quality, these discrepancies should be addressed
at the national level through bilateral reconciliation exercises, especially with major trading partners.
120
1. Overview
Table III.1
World trade in commercial services by category, 2008
TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES BY CATEGORY

Value Share
2008 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008
Exports
All commercial services 3780 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Transportation services 890 23.5 23.2 22.7 22.8 23.6
Travel 950 32.0 27.6 26.7 25.6 25.2
Other commercial services 1935 44.6 49.2 50.6 51.6 51.2
Imports
All commercial services 3490 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Transportation services 1045 28.7 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.9
Travel 850 29.6 26.9 25.9 25.1 24.4
Other commercial services 1595 41.7 44.1 45.1 45.9 45.7
Note : For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.
III
Table III.2
Growth of commercial services exports by category and by region, 1990-2008
South and
Central
World North America America Europe CIS Africa Middle East Asia
Commercial services
1990-95 8 8 9 - - ... ... ...
1995-00 5 7 6 ... ... ... ... 4
2000-08 12 8 11 13 22 ... 14 14
2006 14 12 14 12 23 13 19 17
2007 20 14 18 21 27 23 14 21
2008 12 9 15 11 28 13 19 14
1990-95 6 4 7 - - ... ... 11
1995-00 3 3 1 3 ... ... ... 3
2000-08 13 7 12 13 18 ... 15 13
2006 11 10 10 10 17 17 18 12
2007 20 12 15 21 20 31 13 23
2008 16 16 19 16 26 16 15 15
Travel
1990-95 9 7 10 - - 9 ... ...
1995-00 3 6 7 2 ... 6 ... 2
2000-08 9 4 8 10 21 13 12 12
2006 10 5 11 8 24 12 14 15
2007 15 10 13 14 28 17 16 19
2008 10 11 9 8 23 5 20 12
1990-95 10 12 10 - - ... ... 16
1995-00 7 11 9 ... ... ... ... 6
2000-08 14 10 15 15 29 ... 16 15
2006 17 17 20 15 31 9 24 21
2007 22 17 27 24 36 25 12 22
2008 11 6 20 10 34 25 21 13
121
2. Transportation services
Table III.3
World trade in transportation services by region, 2008

Value Share Annual percentage change
2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
Exports
World 890 100.0 100.0 13 11 20 16
North America 105 17.1 11.7 7 10 12 16
South and Central America 25 2.9 2.8 12 10 15 19
Europe 443 47.9 49.7 13 10 21 16
European Union (27) 403 42.6 45.2 13 11 21 15
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 31 2.4 3.5 18 17 20 26
Africa 26 2.2 2.9 ... 17 31 16
Middle East 22 2.1 2.4 15 18 13 15
Asia 240 25.4 26.9 13 12 23 15
Imports
World 1045 100.0 100.0 12 12 19 16
North America 129 18.5 12.3 7 6 5 10
III South and Central America
Europe
45
398
4.8
38.9
4.3
38.2
11
12
15
11
21
19
21
13
European Union (27) 364 35.6 34.8 12 11 18 12
Africa 53 3.4 5.1 ... 15 29 18
Middle East 66 4.5 6.4 17 13 36 24
Asia 326 29.0 31.2 13 13 19 18
122
Table III.4
Leading exporters and importers of transportation services, 2008
2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters
European Union (27) 402.7 42.6 45.2 13 11 21 15
Extra-EU (27) exports 195.4 ... 21.9 ... 8 19 19
United States 90.6 14.5 10.2 8 10 13 17
Japan 46.8 7.4 5.3 8 5 12 11
China 38.4 1.1 4.3 34 36 49 23
Singapore 28.8 3.4 3.2 12 18 26 2
Hong Kong, China 28.5 3.7 3.2 11 10 14 11
Norway 21.6 2.8 2.4 11 -1 19 13
Russian Federation 15.0 1.0 1.7 20 11 17 27
Canada 11.9 2.2 1.3 6 8 6 7
India 11.1 0.6 1.2 24 32 18 23
Australia 8.9 1.2 1.0 9 3 14 23
Egypt 8.2 0.8 0.9 15 16 27 17
Turkey 7.8 0.9 0.9 13 -2 32 26
Ukraine 7.6 0.8 0.9 13 19 14 25
Above 15 770.0 86.7 86.5 - - - -
III
Importers
European Union (27) 363.6 35.6 34.8 12 11 18 12
Extra-EU (27) imports 162.1 ... 15.5 ... 12 15 16
United States 104.7 15.7 10.0 6 5 3 10
Japan 54.0 8.0 5.2 6 6 14 10
China 50.3 2.5 4.8 22 21 26 16
India 41.4 2.1 4.0 22 20 24 34
Singapore 29.8 3.0 2.9 11 17 23 2
United Arab Emirates 25.5 1.1 2.4 24 23 42 33
Thailand 23.0 1.6 2.2 17 13 11 26
Canada 20.3 2.2 1.9 10 13 14 9
Australia 15.1 1.5 1.5 12 5 15 16
Hong Kong, China 14.9 1.5 1.4 12 11 20 7
Norway 14.5 1.2 1.4 14 2 33 10
Indonesia 13.8 1.0 1.3 17 10 16 45
Above 15 820.0 80.2 78.7 - - - -
123
Table III.5
Trade in transportation services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007
Exports Imports
2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007
European Union (27)

World 348659 100.0 14 11 21 World 323187 100.0 13 11 18
China 7619 2.2 23 5 39 China 8845 2.7 27 28 30
Japan 6962 2.0 4 4 7 Russian Federation 7574 2.3 20 19 13
Above 5 254381 73.0 - - - Above 5 235249 72.8 - - -
Norway 5552 1.6 10 16 22 Japan 6538 2.0 8 6 12
Russian Federation 5524 1.6 22 7 26 Norway 5543 1.7 2 9 11
Hong Kong, China 5123 1.5 11 -7 39 Hong Kong, China 4812 1.5 16 9 30
Canada 4514 1.3 15 28 21 Turkey 4611 1.4 19 9 30
Korea, Republic of 4156 1.2 16 20 25 Korea, Republic of 2913 0.9 9 13 9
III India
Australia
3790
3711
1.1
1.1
28
13
7
1
32
20
Canada
Brazil
2870
2124
0.9
0.7
11
15
20
13
16
14
Brazil 3206 0.9 26 8 19 India 2080 0.6 17 12 18
Turkey 2509 0.7 20 13 17 Egypt 1931 0.6 13 1 0
Above 15 296874 85.1 - - - Above 15 272842 84.4 - - -
United States
World 77172 100.0 11 10 13 World 95536 100.0 7 5 3
Japan 7509 9.7 3 -7 -1 Japan 7913 8.3 4 3 -2
Canada 6741 8.7 9 8 10 Taipei, Chinese 5502 5.8 7 5 1
Mexico 3788 4.9 15 18 8 Canada 5315 5.6 6 8 4
China 3271 4.2 16 28 15 Korea, Republic of 4602 4.8 4 5 -2
Above 5 46029 59.6 - - - Above 5 59474 62.3 - - -
Korea, Republic of 3151 4.1 7 14 12 China 4072 4.3 6 8 5
Taipei, Chinese 2792 3.6 11 14 8 Hong Kong, China 3417 3.6 19 30 4
Brazil 1713 2.2 19 16 15 Mexico 1855 1.9 -1 0 -2
Hong Kong, China 1544 2.0 18 30 13 Singapore 1663 1.7 5 11 0
India 1519 2.0 67 169 37 Norway 1367 1.4 0 0 0
Israel 1046 1.4 2 11 12 Bermuda 1328 1.4 5 -4 0
Switzerland 1000 1.3 2 7 6 Switzerland 1314 1.4 5 5 -5
Singapore 850 1.1 10 18 12 Israel 962 1.0 1 -7 2
Norway 846 1.1 14 5 13 Brazil 777 0.8 8 2 6
Above 15 61471 79.7 - - - Above 15 77529 81.2 - - -
Japan
World 42020 100.0 9 5 12 World 49037 100.0 8 6 14
United States 8034 19.1 4 -2 7 United States 5511 11.2 2 -4 0
China 3926 9.3 20 14 25 Singapore 3991 8.1 13 15 20
Korea, Republic of 3019 7.2 13 13 11 Hong Kong, China 3576 7.3 7 -2 12
Singapore 2852 6.8 23 28 22 China 3127 6.4 31 23 10
Above 5 27050 64.4 - - - Above 5 27504 56.1 - - -
Hong Kong, China 2702 6.4 4 -8 5 Korea, Republic of 3072 6.3 9 5 11
Thailand 1188 2.8 18 25 2 Australia 1029 2.1 -6 -12 12
Australia 680 1.6 -6 -20 6 Philippines 647 1.3 15 19 -3
Malaysia 580 1.4 18 22 15 Thailand 572 1.2 7 6 7
Canada 492 1.2 7 8 2 Malaysia 503 1.0 -1 15 9
Indonesia 432 1.0 -5 3 -29 United Arab Emirates 429 0.9 77 100 28
Philippines 396 0.9 2 -9 2 Canada 360 0.7 -4 -13 -2
United Arab Emirates 364 0.9 10 25 32 New Zealand 229 0.5 2 3 6
Above 15 36886 87.8 - - - Above 15 36614 74.7 - - -
124
Table III.5 (continued)
Exports Imports

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007
Korea, Republic of a
World 33556 100.0 14 8 30 World 29076 100.0 18 15 26
United States 6790 20.2 10 -2 25 European Union (27) 7875 27.1 ... ... ...
China 6102 18.2 20 10 36 United States 5940 20.4 12 31 5
European Union (27) 4790 14.3 ... ... ... Japan 3113 10.7 7 5 7
Japan 3137 9.3 11 3 26 China 2747 9.4 32 16 41
Above 4 20819 62.0 - - - Above 4 19676 67.7 - - -
Singapore b, c
World 28336 100.0 19 18 26 World 29098 100.0 18 17 23
Japan 2349 8.3 15 18 24 China 1207 4.1 19 -3 57
China 2148 7.6 26 15 58 Japan 1156 4.0 18 16 22
Above 5 14489 51.1 - - - Above 5 9996 34.4 - - - III
India 1238 4.4 ... ... 33 Australia 570 2.0 19 15 33
Hong Kong, China 936 3.3 34 40 27 Korea, Republic of 565 1.9 18 12 27
Korea, Republic of 924 3.3 16 7 22 India 442 1.5 ... ... 15
Above 8 17587 62.1 - - - Above 8 11573 39.8 - - -
Hong Kong, China
World 25581 100.0 14 10 14 World 13925 100.0 17 11 20
United States 4817 18.8 15 15 14 China 3582 25.7 17 10 23
China 4219 16.5 15 1 28 European Union (27) 2654 19.1 ... ... ...
Japan 2851 11.1 13 14 13 Singapore 1127 8.1 40 73 29
Taipei, Chinese 2762 10.8 3 4 -5 Japan 1123 8.1 17 7 19
Above 5 18773 73.4 - - - Above 5 9907 71.1 - - -
Australia 1204 4.7 40 37 7 Australia 645 4.6 6 -9 9
Canada 749 2.9 21 24 22 India 328 2.4 26 17 23
Malaysia 501 2.0 15 21 20 Canada 314 2.3 14 3 32
Singapore 408 1.6 14 -24 21 Thailand 284 2.0 7 7 2
India 274 1.1 28 -20 28 United Arab Emirates 283 2.0 21 8 19
Thailand 270 1.1 8 12 16 Korea, Republic of 267 1.9 8 11 5
Philippines 258 1.0 29 -8 33 Malaysia 205 1.5 15 4 18
United Arab Emirates 245 1.0 13 -16 4 Philippines 148 1.1 13 -2 18
Israel 169 0.7 13 137 -52 Brazil 105 0.8 -8 -35 3
Above 15 23684 92.6 - - - Above 15 13112 94.2 - - -
Russian Federation d
World 11830 100.0 15 11 17 World 9348 100.0 34 31 39
Kazakhstan 863 7.3 102 250 117 Ukraine 320 3.4 ... 20 40
Switzerland 566 4.8 2 7 -19 Belarus 301 3.2 37 42 46
British Virgin Islands 500 4.2 40 14 61 Switzerland 244 2.6 25 5 57
Canada 407 3.4 106 409 70 United States 187 2.0 18 28 30
Above 5 6091 51.5 - - - Above 5 2468 26.4 - - -
United States 395 3.3 5 0 -11 Kazakhstan 133 1.4 26 29 31
China 323 2.7 5 12 -6 British Virgin Islands 125 1.3 85 119 26
Ukraine 322 2.7 ... 101 8 Uzbekistan 123 1.3 ... 43 38
Japan 305 2.6 10 -5 10 Korea, Republic of 119 1.3 40 39 53
Turkey 271 2.3 15 20 36 Turkey 114 1.2 28 27 35
Korea, Republic of 247 2.1 9 17 3 United Arab Emirates 102 1.1 46 58 20
Belarus 119 1.0 30 42 13 Tajikistan 82 0.9 83 69 61
Uzbekistan 110 0.9 ... 67 28 China 79 0.8 23 33 -9
Panama 109 0.9 27 2 34 Norway 66 0.7 54 15 202
Tajikistan 103 0.9 62 108 140 Azerbaijan 54 0.6 ... 48 11
Above 15 8395 71.0 - - - Above 15 3464 37.1 - - -
125
Exports Imports
2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007
Canada e
World 10470 100.0 ... 8 ... World 16330 100.0 ... 13 ...
European Union (27) f 2848 27.2 ... ... ... European Union (27) f 4385 26.9 ... ... ...
Japan 530 5.1 ... 10 ... Hong Kong, China 1278 7.8 ... 12 ...
Hong Kong, China 450 4.3 ... 19 ... Singapore 785 4.8 ... 11 ...
China 348 3.3 ... 24 ... Japan 504 3.1 ... -1 ...
Above 5 9307 - - - - Above 5 13194 - - - -
Korea, Republic of 271 2.6 ... 9 ... China 498 3.0 ... 53 ...
Singapore 218 2.1 ... 20 ... Taipei, Chinese 289 1.8 ... 17 ...
Taipei, Chinese 167 1.6 ... 22 ... Saudi Arabia 283 1.7 ... 26 ...
Australia 130 1.2 ... -15 ... Korea, Republic of 260 1.6 ... 35 ...
India 128 1.2 ... 25 ... Russian Federation 200 1.2 ... 9 ...
Norway 113 1.1 ... 71 ... Israel 195 1.2 ... 35 ...
III Brazil
Switzerland
95
91
0.9
0.9
...
...
19
-1
...
...
Norway
India
179
166
1.1
1.0
...
...
-10
23
...
...
Israel 88 0.8 ... 21 ... Brazil 132 0.8 ... 105 ...
Mexico 84 0.8 ... 4 ... Philippines 132 0.8 ... 12 ...
Above 15 10690 - - - - Above 15 15529 - - - -
a In 2007, trade in transportation services not allocated geographically accounted for 11 per cent of exports and 7 per cent of imports.
b Imports of transportation freight services on goods imports are not allocated geographically.
c In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 11 per cent of transportation services exports and 5 per cent of imports.
d In 2007, trade in transportation services not allocated geographically accounted for 18 per cent of exports and 58 per cent of imports.
e 2006 instead of 2007. The geographical breakdown includes government services n.i.e.
f Excluding Bulgaria and Romania.
126
3. Travel
Table III.6
World trade in travel by region, 2008

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
Exports
World 950 100.0 100.0 9 10 15 10
North America 164 24.7 17.2 4 5 10 11
Europe 451 46.0 47.4 10 8 14 8
European Union (27) 393 41.8 41.3 9 9 14 7
Africa 40 3.1 4.2 13 12 17 5
Middle East 32 2.8 3.3 12 14 16 20
Asia 202 17.5 21.2 12 15 19 12
Imports
World 850 100.0 100.0 9 8 15 9
North America 121 19.8 14.2 5 7 8 6
Europe
28
427
3.5
47.7
3.2
50.1
8
10
13
5
26
16
16
10
III
European Union (27) 391 44.6 45.9 9 5 15 10
Africa 21 1.9 2.5 ... 17 26 12
Middle East 48 3.5 5.7 16 29 20 13
Asia 175 21.3 20.5 8 8 13 7
127
Table III.7
Leading exporters and importers of travel, 2008
2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters
European Union (27) 393.2 41.8 41.3 9 9 14 7
Extra-EU (27) exports 108.2 ... 11.4 ... 12 14 4
United States 135.2 20.7 14.2 4 5 12 13
China 40.8 3.4 4.3 12 16 10 10
Australia 25.2 2.0 2.6 13 6 25 12
Turkey 21.9 1.6 2.3 14 -7 10 19
Thailand 17.6 1.6 1.9 11 40 24 6
Macao, China 17.4 0.6 1.8 25 23 38 28
Canada 15.3 2.3 1.6 4 7 5 -1
Hong Kong, China 15.2 1.2 1.6 13 13 18 10
Switzerland 14.4 1.4 1.5 10 8 13 18
Malaysia 14.0 1.1 1.5 14 18 24 8
Mexico 13.3 1.8 1.4 6 3 6 3
India 11.8 0.7 1.2 17 15 24 10
Croatia 11.3 0.6 1.2 19 8 16 22
III Above 15 760.0 81.5 79.7 - - - -
Importers
European Union (27) 390.9 44.6 45.9 9 5 15 10
Extra-EU (27) imports 140.8 ... 16.5 ... 5 17 9
United States 85.4 15.6 10.0 3 5 5 4
China 36.2 3.0 4.2 14 12 22 21
Japan 27.9 5.4 3.3 2 -2 -1 5
Canada 27.3 2.9 3.2 10 14 20 10
Norway 15.9 1.1 1.9 17 15 21 13
Australia 15.9 1.5 1.9 12 4 22 12
Hong Kong, China 15.9 2.9 1.9 3 6 7 6
Singapore 14.2 1.1 1.7 15 10 12 14
United Arab Emirates 13.3 0.7 1.6 20 43 28 18
Brazil 11.0 0.9 1.3 14 22 42 34
Switzerland 10.9 1.3 1.3 9 5 11 6
India 9.6 0.6 1.1 17 11 20 17
Above 15 715.0 85.2 84.0 - - - -
128
Table III.8
Trade in travel of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007
Exports Imports

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007
European Union (27)

World 366828 100.0 9 9 14 World 356969 100.0 9 5 15
Norway 8987 2.4 21 20 18 Turkey 8850 2.5 4 -13 13
Russian Federation 5465 1.5 24 23 28 Croatia 4749 1.3 14 9 11
Above 5 318728 86.9 - - - Above 5 274751 77.0 - - -
Canada 4474 1.2 18 17 22 Egypt 4665 1.3 10 -5 30
Japan 2999 0.8 2 4 -2 Thailand 4039 1.1 17 29 14
China 2588 0.7 21 23 12 China 3989 1.1 24 6 28
Brazil 1929 0.5 32 36 25 Australia 3598 1.0 6 9 1
Turkey 1481 0.4 20 10 18 Norway 3436 1.0 14 2 28
Mexico
India
1368
1271
0.4
0.3
3
9
23
35
-5
5
Morocco
India
3272
2775
0.9
0.8
18
15
23
10
33
23
III
South Africa 1097 0.3 14 1 12 Mexico 2456 0.7 9 -17 48
Croatia 1094 0.3 9 8 20 Russian Federation 2412 0.7 1 0 -3
Above 15 341002 93.0 - - - Above 15 309763 86.8 - - -
United States a
World 119223 100.0 8 5 12 World 81752 100.0 5 5 5
Canada 13670 11.5 16 13 23 Mexico 10632 13.0 4 2 3
Japan 11974 10.0 3 -11 -2 Canada 7381 9.0 0 4 -2
Mexico 7565 6.3 5 6 1 Japan 3455 4.2 11 7 13
India 4930 4.1 18 11 27 China 2601 3.2 15 4 13
Above 5 68757 57.7 - - - Above 5 48617 59.5 - - -
Korea, Republic of 4168 3.5 8 10 -3 India 2105 2.6 23 45 -5
China 3881 3.3 21 20 19 Australia 1545 1.9 5 -2 13
Brazil 2476 2.1 17 21 16 Korea, Republic of 1137 1.4 7 1 10
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 1758 1.5 12 15 21 Brazil 955 1.2 10 11 22
Israel 1175 1.0 9 5 11 Switzerland 729 0.9 19 33 25
Argentina 931 0.8 16 12 53 Thailand 727 0.9 9 5 -1
Switzerland 928 0.8 10 13 15 Argentina 694 0.8 22 40 12
Hong Kong, China 703 0.6 9 7 4 New Zealand 672 0.8 3 7 0
Above 15 89368 75.0 - - - Above 15 59531 72.8 - - -
Australia
World 22405 100.0 14 6 25 World 14244 100.0 12 4 22
China 2909 13.0 22 8 34 United States 1946 13.7 13 2 23
New Zealand 1735 7.7 11 -3 22 New Zealand 1238 8.7 6 6 14
India 1552 6.9 43 21 63 Thailand 746 5.2 26 33 35
Above 5 11987 53.5 - - - Above 5 8325 58.4 - - -
Japan 1320 5.9 -2 -10 -1 Fiji 519 3.6 12 10 8
United States 1274 5.7 10 14 16 Hong Kong, China 420 2.9 17 9 22
Malaysia 861 3.8 10 -4 27 Indonesia 412 2.9 -8 -46 57
Hong Kong, China 799 3.6 4 -5 12 Canada 390 2.7 9 0 17
Indonesia 590 2.6 4 1 18 Viet Nam 344 2.4 19 4 41
Thailand 539 2.4 12 4 28 Malaysia 330 2.3 12 4 21
Canada 444 2.0 17 17 21 Japan 317 2.2 16 -1 41
Taipei, Chinese 370 1.7 6 -8 21 India 274 1.9 23 17 30
Viet Nam 285 1.3 32 20 55 Philippines 196 1.4 9 5 19
Above 15 19188 85.6 - - - Above 15 11906 83.6 - - -
129
Exports Imports
2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007
Canada b
World 14689 100.0 ... 7 ... World 20620 100.0 ... 14 ...
European Union (27) c 2657 18.1 ... ... ... European Union (27) c 3860 18.7 ... ... ...
Japan 486 3.3 ... -3 ... Mexico 881 4.3 ... 5 ...
China 412 2.8 ... 23 ... China 404 2.0 ... 59 ...
Hong Kong, China 287 2.0 ... 4 ... Australia 279 1.4 ... 24 ...
Above 5 11503 78.3 - - - Above 5 16891 81.9 - - -
Australia 286 1.9 ... 6 ... Japan 167 0.8 ... -12 ...
Mexico 283 1.9 ... 23 ... Hong Kong, China 161 0.8 ... -7 ...
Korea, Republic of 278 1.9 ... 18 ... Switzerland 137 0.7 ... 21 ...
Switzerland 157 1.1 ... 4 ... Thailand 112 0.5 ... -4 ...
Taipei, Chinese 145 1.0 ... 4 ... South Africa 102 0.5 ... 12 ...
India 130 0.9 ... 25 ... Philippines 100 0.5 ... 75 ...
III Brazil
Russian Federation
118
89
0.8
0.6
...
...
52
40
...
...
Russian Federation
Barbados
99
88
0.5
0.4
...
...
50
16
...
...
Malaysia 79 0.5 ... 17 ... Turkey 82 0.4 ... 71 ...
Israel 64 0.4 ... 20 ... India 79 0.4 ... 7 ...
Above 15 13133 89.4 - - - Above 15 18018 87.4 - - -
Hong Kong, China
World 13758 100.0 15 13 18 World 15042 100.0 4 6 7
China 7998 58.1 16 13 23 China 4704 31.3 5 5 9
United States 738 5.4 7 -1 9 United States 1738 11.6 5 8 5
Taipei, Chinese 533 3.9 10 17 -3 Australia 1311 8.7 4 5 2
Japan 489 3.6 3 6 -7 Japan 1200 8.0 8 20 11
Above 5 10724 78.0 - - - Above 5 10836 72.0 - - -
Singapore 360 2.6 18 15 20 Thailand 607 4.0 -3 1 0
Philippines 257 1.9 19 19 23 Macao, China 469 3.1 9 10 11
Canada 214 1.6 17 14 24 Singapore 336 2.2 5 -7 -2
Malaysia 213 1.5 19 22 23 Korea, Republic of 247 1.6 -12 -33 2
Thailand 202 1.5 10 9 6 Malaysia 192 1.3 2 -7 8
Indonesia 192 1.4 18 24 16 Philippines 183 1.2 0 1 7
Macao, China 174 1.3 21 27 9 New Zealand 144 1.0 3 8 2
India 139 1.0 12 12 0 Indonesia 111 0.7 10 17 8
Above 15 13236 96.2 - - - Above 15 14620 97.2 - - -
World 9607 100.0 20 30 26 World 22133 100.0 13 5 22
Ukraine 1070 11.1 ... 32 14 Turkey 2530 11.4 11 -12 34
Uzbekistan 689 7.2 ... 163 114 Egypt 1613 7.3 31 33 28
Tajikistan 510 5.3 65 191 69 Ukraine 1520 6.9 ... -16 21
United States 452 4.7 8 39 -2 China 1101 5.0 11 8 20
Above 5 6214 64.7 - - - Above 5 16311 73.7 - - -
China 423 4.4 15 52 6 United Arab Emirates 497 2.2 12 18 20
Kazakhstan 416 4.3 15 2 24 United States 459 2.1 9 12 7
Turkey 369 3.8 26 54 2 Kazakhstan 449 2.0 20 19 10
Moldova 285 3.0 ... 95 43 Thailand 448 2.0 41 107 60
Azerbaijan 232 2.4 ... 32 14 Switzerland 372 1.7 7 8 12
Kyrgyz Republic 229 2.4 71 131 102 Israel 343 1.6 12 -11 29
Armenia 213 2.2 ... 55 42 Serbia 271 1.2 ... ... ...
Korea, Republic of 130 1.4 17 17 37 Croatia 199 0.9 27 37 39
Belarus 122 1.3 18 61 10 Tunisia 195 0.9 ... 11 44
Japan 122 1.3 5 22 0 Japan 194 0.9 -1 -11 13
Above 15 8756 91.1 - - - Above 15 19738 89.2 - - -
130
Exports Imports

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007
Japan
World 9345 100.0 16 28 10 World 26511 100.0 -2 -2 -1
China 2304 24.7 ... ... 7 United States 7003 26.4 ... ... -9
Korea, Republic of 1844 19.7 ... ... 21 European Union (27) 4185 15.8 ... ... ...
Taipei, Chinese 1473 15.8 ... ... 5 Korea, Republic of 2694 10.2 ... ... 5
United States 844 9.0 ... ... 2 China 2487 9.4 ... ... 12
European Union (27) 832 8.9 ... ... ... Taipei, Chinese 1236 4.7 ... ... 10
Above 5 7297 78.1 - - - Above 5 17605 66.4 - - -
Hong Kong, China 434 4.6 ... ... 21 Thailand 1096 4.1 ... ... 7
Australia 210 2.2 ... ... 12 Australia 1091 4.1 ... ... -25
Thailand 192 2.1 ... ... 30 Hong Kong, China 996 3.8 ... ... 7
Canada 169 1.8 ... ... 3 Canada 586 2.2 ... ... -4
Singapore 157 1.7 ... ... 28 Indonesia 546 2.1 ... ... 6
Malaysia 130 1.4 ... ... 15 Singapore 536 2.0 ... ... 8
Philippines
Indonesia
94
80
1.0
0.9
...
...
...
...
-6
11
Philippines
Malaysia
425
309
1.6
1.2
...
...
...
...
7
6
III
India 71 0.8 ... ... 8 Switzerland 223 0.8 ... ... -2
Russian Federation 66 0.7 ... ... 4 New Zealand 217 0.8 ... ... -16
Above 15 8901 95.2 - - - Above 15 23628 89.1 - - -
Korea, Republic of e
World 6138 100.0 0 0 6 World 21975 100.0 21 22 17
Japan 1280 20.9 -20 -12 -33 United States 6268 28.5 27 24 24
China 1173 19.1 16 22 23 Japan 4476 20.4 28 27 31
United States 954 15.5 9 11 6 China 2532 11.5 13 15 -6
Above 4 3946 64.3 - - - Above 4 15221 69.3 - - -
a Health-related expenditure and expenditure by seasonal and border workers are not allocated geographically. In 2007, they accounted for 6 per cent of travel exports and 1.3 per cent of imports.
b 2006 instead of 2007.
c Excluding Bulgaria and Romania.
d In 2007, trade in travel not allocated geographically accounted for 1 per cent of exports and 5 per cent of imports.
e In 2007, trade in travel not allocated geographically accounted for 19 per cent of exports and 13 per cent of imports.
131
4. Other commercial services
Table III.9
World trade in other commercial services by region, 2008

2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008
Exports
World 1935 100.0 100.0 14 17 22 11
North America 336 23.4 17.4 10 17 17 6
Europe 1043 50.3 53.9 15 15 24 10
European Union (27) 958 45.0 49.5 16 15 24 10
Africa 22 1.4 1.1 ... 9 25 25
Middle East 44 2.0 2.3 16 24 12 21
Asia 417 20.3 21.5 15 21 22 13
Imports
World 1595 100.0 100.0 13 14 20 12
North America 230 17.5 14.4 10 18 13 7
III South and Central America

Europe
45
801
3.2
48.3
2.8
50.2
11
13
14
11
17
21
20
10
European Union (27) 758 46.0 47.6 13 12 21 10
Africa 47 2.6 2.9 ... 14 34 15
Middle East 53 2.5 3.3 17 24 34 18
Asia 363 24.4 22.8 12 16 19 14
132
Table III.10
Leading exporters and importers of other commercial services, 2008
2008 2000 2008 2000-08 2006 2007 2008

Exporters
European Union (27) 958.1 45.0 49.5 16 15 24 10
Extra-EU (27) exports 439.6 ... 22.7 ... 15 26 10
United States 295.6 19.6 15.3 11 18 18 7
Japan 88.8 6.0 4.6 11 16 10 17
India 79.7 ... 4.1 ... 40 24 18
China 67.2 1.6 3.5 27 25 46 27
Switzerland 54.3 2.8 2.8 15 13 23 15
Hong Kong, China 48.7 3.3 2.5 11 17 17 7
Singapore 43.5 1.7 2.2 18 22 27 1
Canada 37.6 3.2 1.9 8 9 10 2
Taipei, Chinese 21.3 1.8 1.1 7 19 9 12
Norway 19.3 0.9 1.0 16 34 27 13
Brazil 17.6 0.9 0.9 15 30 33 30
Israel 14.8 1.3 0.8 7 17 6 10
Above 15 1790.0 91.4 92.6 - - - -
III
Importers
European Union (27) 758.2 46.0 47.6 13 12 21 10
Extra-EU (27) imports 317.8 ... 19.9 ... 10 23 14
United States 177.8 12.4 11.2 11 22 14 8
Japan 85.6 8.0 5.4 7 17 14 17
China 71.5 2.0 4.5 25 26 35 27
Canada 39.0 3.6 2.4 8 8 10 1
Singapore 34.9 2.0 2.2 14 21 12 5
India 32.6 ... 2.0 ... 32 20 3
Brazil 23.0 1.2 1.4 15 18 21 28
Saudi Arabia a 19.5 ... 1.2 ... ... ... ...
Thailand 18.1 1.0 1.1 15 38 24 22
Switzerland 17.5 0.6 1.1 21 -1 24 10
Hong Kong, China 15.1 1.0 0.9 13 12 20 12
Australia 14.5 1.0 0.9 12 9 32 28
Above 15 1380.0 84.5 86.7 - - - -
133
Table III.11
Trade in other commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2007
Exports Imports
2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007
European Union (27)

World 871143 100.0 17 15 24 World 691434 100.0 14 12 21
Japan 16407 1.9 7 -8 20 Japan 10594 1.5 16 15 16
Russian Federation 14945 1.7 41 26 58 Norway 7004 1.0 20 17 28
Above 5 680208 78.1 - - - Above 5 587971 85.0 - - -
China 13812 1.6 36 9 58 Russian Federation 6032 0.9 27 6 40
Norway 11399 1.3 17 6 40 China 5584 0.8 29 46 20
Singapore 10643 1.2 19 31 14 Canada 5551 0.8 19 12 28
India 7695 0.9 67 68 62 Hong Kong, China 5447 0.8 24 30 40
Australia 6962 0.8 27 19 39 Singapore 4955 0.7 18 7 27
Canada 6826 0.8 17 12 24 India 4490 0.6 34 20 47
III Hong Kong, China
Korea, Republic of
5437
4871
0.6
0.6
7
16
-21
11
21
12
Australia
Turkey
3315
2573
0.5
0.4
20
17
4
18
36
32
Turkey 4832 0.6 25 39 25 Brazil 2297 0.3 23 33 16
South Africa 4147 0.5 12 14 12 Korea, Republic of 2129 0.3 14 14 19
Above 15 756834 86.9 - - - Above 15 630344 91.2 - - -
United States
World 276285 100.0 15 18 18 World 164386 100.0 14 22 14
Canada 21827 7.9 13 17 13 Bermuda 14834 9.0 3 23 1
Japan 20132 7.3 5 9 -3 Japan 13141 8.0 9 9 4
Mexico 12044 4.4 12 3 17 Canada 11921 7.3 11 12 7
Above 5 188704 68.3 - - - Above 5 125463 76.3 - - -
China 6812 2.5 28 32 32 India 6961 4.2 72 62 43
Australia 6515 2.4 19 19 31 Mexico 3140 1.9 14 16 23
Bermuda 6399 2.3 16 29 10 Australia 3113 1.9 26 8 39
Singapore 5667 2.1 9 47 -15 Brazil 2296 1.4 57 163 27
Brazil 5494 2.0 34 40 45 Hong Kong, China 2172 1.3 9 -5 30
Hong Kong, China 3457 1.3 20 15 24 Singapore 1829 1.1 23 -3 16
India 2759 1.0 39 47 62 Israel 1482 0.9 22 26 23
Saudi Arabia 2457 0.9 26 24 49 Philippines 869 0.5 27 48 35
Taipei, Chinese 2278 0.8 3 28 -28 Korea, Republic of 824 0.5 19 29 15
Above 15 235741 85.3 - - - Above 15 150246 91.4 - - -
Japan
World 75694 100.0 14 16 10 World 73136 100.0 11 17 14
Taipei, Chinese 5208 6.9 21 10 32 China 2457 3.4 18 16 25
Thailand 2836 3.7 38 41 18 Switzerland 1992 2.7 18 23 26
Above 5 62467 82.5 - - - Above 5 55204 75.5 - - -
Korea, Republic of 2550 3.4 33 -8 92 Australia 1592 2.2 40 32 99
China 1925 2.5 -10 -28 -15 United Arab Emirates 1453 2.0 39 89 44
Canada 1431 1.9 -4 -14 -5 Korea, Republic of 1376 1.9 16 15 11
Indonesia 1069 1.4 -5 16 -7 Taipei, Chinese 1327 1.8 -8 -11 0
Saudi Arabia 1050 1.4 94 ... 49 Hong Kong, China 1309 1.8 5 7 7
Switzerland 1011 1.3 3 39 -3 Thailand 1112 1.5 25 38 2
Philippines 878 1.2 16 -17 76 Saudi Arabia 1020 1.4 40 152 84
India 832 1.1 37 23 61 Indonesia 968 1.3 10 15 8
Australia 758 1.0 4 -12 -3 Canada 695 1.0 15 6 38
United Arab Emirates 654 0.9 -3 59 -47 Philippines 658 0.9 18 50 17
Above 15 74624 98.6 - - - Above 15 66714 91.2 - - -
134
Exports Imports

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007
Hong Kong, China a

World 45304 100.0 16 17 17 World 13483 100.0 14 12 20
European Union (27) 10440 23.0 ... ... ... China 2985 22.1 11 9 14
Japan 2422 5.3 16 20 15 Japan 1175 8.7 5 -4 7
Above 5 35347 78.0 - - - Above 5 10840 80.4 - - -
Taipei, Chinese 1345 3.0 7 -5 11 Taipei, Chinese 320 2.4 8 11 -2
Korea, Republic of 1054 2.3 28 45 15 Malaysia 265 2.0 41 76 38
Canada 423 0.9 6 -6 23 Korea, Republic of 229 1.7 3 -9 19
Indonesia 340 0.8 40 37 31 Switzerland 217 1.6 11 19 23
Thailand 330 0.7 18 1 -7 Thailand 110 0.8 19 23 3
Malaysia
Macao, China
324
308
0.7
0.7
11
20
-5
-17
26
44
Indonesia
Macao, China
105
86
0.8
0.6
10
12
2
-13
6
46
III
India 279 0.6 -1 80 4 Canada 80 0.6 4 -3 21
Philippines 109 0.2 9 -48 49 Philippines 73 0.5 17 13 20
Above 15 40382 89.1 - - - Above 15 12588 93.4 - - -
Singapore b, c
World 42992 100.0 21 22 27 World 33136 100.0 14 21 12
Japan 4095 9.5 ... ... 13 Japan 2566 7.7 4 52 -18
Hong Kong, China 2624 6.1 16 3 29 Hong Kong, China 1603 4.8 24 33 25
China 2170 5.0 21 15 46 Australia 1071 3.2 18 26 35
Above 5 21058 49.0 - - - Above 5 22507 67.9 - - -
India 1220 2.8 ... ... 39 India 806 2.4 ... ... 35
Australia 1163 2.7 ... ... -2 Korea, Republic of 452 1.4 ... ... 13
Above 8 25220 58.7 - - - Above 8 24650 74.4 - - -
Canada d
World 33855 100.0 ... 9 ... World 34969 100.0 ... 8 ...
European Union (27) e 5335 15.8 ... ... ... European Union (27) e 3788 10.8 ... ... ...
Bermuda 1508 4.5 ... 24 ... Japan 1817 5.2 ... 40 ...
Switzerland 816 2.4 ... 135 ... Bermuda 1254 3.6 ... 8 ...
Barbados 712 2.1 ... -21 ... Switzerland 1061 3.0 ... 45 ...
Above 5 27447 81.1 - - - Above 5 31386 89.8 - - -
Hong Kong, China 311 0.9 ... 169 ... Barbados 942 2.7 ... 8 ...
Japan 309 0.9 ... 4 ... Australia 192 0.5 ... 25 ...
Australia 252 0.7 ... 27 ... Norway 150 0.4 ... 37 ...
China 227 0.7 ... 3 ... Hong Kong, China 123 0.4 ... -6 ...
Mexico 196 0.6 ... -18 ... India 110 0.3 ... 102 ...
Russian Federation 160 0.5 ... 45 ... China 108 0.3 ... 3 ...
Malaysia 121 0.4 ... 42 ... Singapore 105 0.3 ... 478 ...
Brazil 108 0.3 ... 17 ... Russian Federation 72 0.2 ... -16 ...
Singapore 95 0.3 ... 67 ... Malaysia 67 0.2 ... 139 ...
Korea, Republic of 87 0.3 ... 36 ... Mexico 64 0.2 ... 8 ...
Above 15 29313 86.6 - - - Above 15 33319 95.3 - - -
Korea, Republic of f
World 22034 100.0 23 20 31 World 31057 100.0 17 16 19
Japan 2284 10.4 6 2 12 China 3562 11.5 22 23 25
China 1668 7.6 29 51 31 Japan 2225 7.2 10 5 15
Above 4 16846 76.5 - - - Above 4 22706 73.1 - - -
135
Exports Imports
2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007
Russian Federation g
World 17683 100.0 35 35 34 World 26204 100.0 26 23 39
United States 2337 13.2 31 24 34 Turkey 2721 10.4 42 53 37
Turkey 901 5.1 47 35 28 United States 2431 9.3 12 35 28
Kazakhstan 507 2.9 30 31 45 Panama 825 3.1 29 12 24
Above 5 12781 72.3 - - - Above 5 21107 80.5 - - -
British Virgin Islands 456 2.6 38 23 60 Ukraine 619 2.4 ... 30 34
Ukraine 364 2.1 ... 18 23 Belarus 262 1.0 9 1 34
Bermuda 310 1.8 ... 239 143 Serbia 244 0.9 ... ... ...
Belarus 238 1.3 27 20 34 British Virgin Islands 194 0.7 46 74 -5
Panama 203 1.2 74 134 47 China 186 0.7 62 108 96
Cayman Islands 183 1.0 ... 20 20 Kazakhstan 183 0.7 24 9 72
III Japan
Uzbekistan
156
153
0.9
0.9
21
...
57
50
-26
123
Korea, Republic of
Canada
119
113
0.5
0.4
69
38
97
62
-23
30
India 150 0.8 -3 6 -1 Channel Islands 102 0.4 48 60 68
Korea, Republic of 133 0.8 22 32 16 Japan 99 0.4 37 18 49
Above 15 15127 85.5 - - - Above 15 23229 88.6 - - -
a Financial intermediation services are not allocated geographically. In 2007, they accounted for 4 per cent of other commercial services exports and 1 per cent of imports.
b The following transactions are not allocated geographically: financial services exports related to foreign exchange trading and imports of insurance on goods imports.
c In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 15 per cent of other commercial services exports and for 6 per cent of imports. Exports to Japan and Australia and imports from the Republic of Korea do not include
transactions in construction as well as in personal, cultural, and recreational services.
d 2006 instead of 2007.
e Excluding Bulgaria and Romania.
f In 2007, trade in other commercial services not allocated geographically represented 7 per cent of exports and 6 per cent of imports.
g In 2007, trade in other commercial services not allocated geographically represented 4 per cent of exports and 5 per cent of imports.
136
4.1. Communications services
Table III.12
World exports of communications services by region, 2007

2007 2000 2007 2000-07 2005 2006 2007
Exports
World 80 ... 100.0 ... ... ... 16
North America 11 ... 13.8 ... ... ... 10
South and Central America 3 ... 3.7 6 12 1 11
Europe 45 ... 55.2 15 15 15 17
European Union (27) 42 ... 51.6 ... 16 17 17
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2 ... 2.6 17 34 20 38
Asia 11 ... 13.3 8 16 12 11
Table III.13
III
Major exporters and importers of communications services, 2007
Annual Annual
Share in 15 percentage Share in 15 percentage
Rank Exporters Value economies change Rank Importers Value economies change
1 European Union (27) 41915 60.7 17 1 European Union (27) 41436 66.6 14
Extra-EU (27) exports 13654 19.8 29 Extra-EU (27) imports 14071 22.6 20
2 United States 8606 12.5 13 2 United States 7897 12.7 13
3 Kuwait a 4667 6.8 37 3 Canada 1908 3.1 19
4 India 2288 3.3 10 4 Singapore 1317 2.1 27
5 Canada 2231 3.2 5 5 Russian Federation 1298 2.1 42
6 Indonesia 1343 1.9 22 6 China 1082 1.7 42
7 Russian Federation 1272 1.8 58 7 Hong Kong, China 1080 1.7 1
8 China 1175 1.7 59 8 Japan 1029 1.7 41
9 Switzerland 1068 1.5 -3 9 Korea, Republic of 913 1.5 -10
10 Singapore 964 1.4 30 10 Malaysia a 846 1.4 30
11 Hong Kong, China 866 1.3 4 11 Switzerland 801 1.3 0
12 Egypt 757 1.1 53 12 Australia 758 1.2 18
13 Bahrain 666 1.0 5 13 India 714 1.1 22
14 Malaysia a 599 0.9 -7 14 Indonesia 641 1.0 12
15 Australia 598 0.9 -7 15 Egypt 471 0.8 53
Above 15 69015 100.0 - Above 15 62190 100.0 -
a Telecommunications services.
Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. See the Metadata.
137
4.1.1. Telecommunications services
Table III.14
Major exporters and importers of telecommunications services, 2007

Annual Annual
3 Kuwait 4667 8.5 37 3 Russian Federation 1271 2.7 41
4 Canada a 1505 2.7 ... 4 Canada a 1090 2.3 ...
5 Russian Federation 1184 2.1 60 5 Malaysia 846 1.8 30
6 India a 1144 2.1 ... 6 Korea, Republic of 681 1.4 11
7 Malaysia 599 1.1 -7 7 Australia 409 0.9 2
8 Hong Kong, China 556 1.0 -2 8 India a 357 0.7 ...
9 Philippines 517 0.9 -10 9 Israel 346 0.7 9
10 Turkey 506 0.9 22 10 Hong Kong, China 341 0.7 -2
11 Korea, Republic of 482 0.9 14 11 South Africa 322 0.7 39
12 Norway 465 0.8 46 12 Norway 315 0.7 39
13 Morocco 401 0.7 4 13 Argentina 310 0.6 17
14 Mexico 400 0.7 -14 14 Turkey 294 0.6 19
III 15 Croatia 360 0.7 23 15 Lebanon 210 0.4 -3
Above 15 55100 100.0 - Above 15 47815 100.0 -
Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain major traders in communications services do no report the item telecommunications services separately, they may not appear in the list.
Transactions on telecommunications services are often reported on a net rather than a gross basis. See the Metadata.
Table III.15
Exports of telecommunications services of selected economies by destination, 2007

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

World 34028 100.0 17 19 18 World 8283 100.0 ... ... 14
European Union (27) 23537 69.2 16 19 12 European Union (27) 2664 32.2 ... ... ...
United States 2980 8.8 8 13 18 Brazil 1073 13.0 ... ... 96
Switzerland 1108 3.3 15 17 45 Canada 705 8.5 ... ... -2
Norway 529 1.6 28 28 13 Mexico 405 4.9 ... ... 5
Russian Federation 382 1.1 35 60 30 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 296 3.6 ... ... 38
Above 5 28536 83.9 - - - Above 5 5143 62.1 - - -
Australia 291 0.9 26 1 75 Japan 273 3.3 ... ... 4
Canada 238 0.7 15 16 32 Argentina 247 3.0 ... ... 27
Turkey 207 0.6 39 45 44 Switzerland 178 2.1 ... ... 1
India 166 0.5 37 63 34 Philippines 151 1.8 ... ... -11
Japan 165 0.5 -22 -62 29 China 146 1.8 ... ... 11
South Africa 165 0.5 35 59 43 India 136 1.6 ... ... 10
Hong Kong, China 158 0.5 29 15 45 Australia 126 1.5 ... ... -2
Brazil 154 0.5 25 39 43 Korea, Republic of 106 1.3 ... ... -17
Nigeria 145 0.4 66 124 54 Hong Kong, China 91 1.1 ... ... 28
Singapore 136 0.4 34 42 71 Chile 78 0.9 ... ... 20
Above 15 30362 89.2 - - - Above 15 6675 80.6 - - -
138
4.2. Construction
Table III.16
World exports of construction by region, 2007

2007 2000 2007 2000-07 2005 2006 2007
Exports
World 70 100.0 100.0 14 20 17 23
North America 1 ... 2.1 ... ... ... 62
South and Central America 0 1.4 0.3 -9 11 21 -1
Europe 41 62.6 58.1 12 23 13 19
European Union (27) 38 ... 54.3 ... 26 12 19
Asia 21 29.1 29.5 14 12 22 31
Table III.17
III
Major exporters and importers of construction, 2007
Annual Annual
2 Japan 10322 15.7 15 2 Japan 7938 12.6 28
3 China 5377 8.2 95 3 Russian Federation 6454 10.2 40
4 Russian Federation 3450 5.2 13 4 Saudi Arabia b 6318 10.0 ...
5 Malaysia 1378 2.1 32 5 Kazakhstan 4352 6.9 34
6 United States a 1170 1.8 76 6 China 2910 4.6 42
7 Egypt 984 1.5 129 7 Angola 2634 4.2 78
8 Turkey 856 1.3 -9 8 Malaysia 1699 2.7 29
9 India b 845 1.3 ... 9 Azerbaijan 1471 2.3 13
10 Singapore 698 1.1 26 10 Indonesia 740 1.2 -25
11 Israel 665 1.0 31 11 India b 691 1.1 ...
12 Thailand 518 0.8 54 12 Thailand 640 1.0 10
13 Indonesia 459 0.7 1 13 United States 612 1.0 4
14 Hong Kong, China 346 0.5 29 14 Taipei, Chinese 371 0.6 26
15 Norway 342 0.5 4 15 New Caledonia 322 0.5 172
Above 15 65840 100.0 - Above 15 63195 100.0 -
a Data are presented net of merchandise exports by the United States for construction (33 million dollars) and net of outlays for wages, services, materials, and other expenses bought in the economy where the
construction is taking place (2,256 million dollars).
b Secretariat estimate.
Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain economies do not report this item separately, they may not appear in the list (e.g., Switzerland, United Arab Emirates). See the Metadata.
139
Table III.18
Exports of construction of selected economies by destination, 2007

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

World 38430 100.0 19 12 19 World 10322 100.0 15 24 15
European Union (27) 16782 43.7 15 10 10 United Arab Emirates 1925 18.6 42 31 29
Norway 1335 3.5 8 -13 56 Saudi Arabia 1465 14.2 35 172 7
Russian Federation 1226 3.2 17 -11 32 Thailand 553 5.4 33 68 -24
United States 1157 3.0 -2 -9 -5 Philippines 497 4.8 73 28 271
Nigeria 1118 2.9 16 28 -18 Taipei, Chinese 429 4.2 -31 -21 -35
Above 5 21617 56.3 - - - Above 5 4869 47.2 - - -
Switzerland 822 2.1 8 13 1 Singapore 354 3.4 9 11 58
China 740 1.9 11 -8 -6 European Union (27) 330 3.2 ... ... ...
Brazil 555 1.4 71 29 42 Indonesia 307 3.0 -25 24 -41
India 481 1.3 27 -17 88 Viet Nam 282 2.7 47 24 -2
South Africa 434 1.1 27 39 75 Malaysia 251 2.4 44 -5 111
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 283 0.7 48 42 -28 Russian Federation 193 1.9 59 30 -25
Canada 279 0.7 34 66 8 United States 179 1.7 18 49 -30
Egypt 264 0.7 31 114 -29 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 176 1.7 7 -17 -27
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 261 0.7 -15 -27 -3 China 123 1.2 -32 -35 -30
III Turkey 235 0.6 13 5 41 Australia 112 1.1 72 49 219
Above 15 25971 67.6 - - - Above 15 7175 69.5 - - -
Russian Federation a Singapore b
World 3450 100.0 30 38 13 World 698 100.0 3 2 26
European Union (27) 1449 42.0 23 42 31 China 74 10.6 -27 9 -20
Turkey 698 20.2 45 28 20 United States 56 8.0 44 -26 88
United States 160 4.6 -3 -14 -34 European Union (27) 30 4.2 ... ... ...
Cayman Islands 115 3.3 ... 0 23 India 22 3.2 ... ... 138
Uzbekistan 95 2.8 ... 146 188 Korea, Republic of 2 0.4 -5 -67 105
Above 5 2518 73.0 - - - Above 5 184 26.4 - - -
a In 2007, construction not allocated geographically represented 3 per cent of exports.

b In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 44 per cent of construction exports.
140
4.3. Insurance services
Table III.19
World exports of insurance services by region, 2007

2007 2000 2007 2000-07 2005 2006 2007
Exports
World 75 100.0 100.0 17 -13 28 21
North America 16 28.8 21.3 12 8 19 9
Europe 46 51.2 60.9 20 -25 36 27
European Union (27) 40 ... 53.1 ... -27 40 27
Asia 8 11.8 11.0 16 4 26 13
Table III.20
III
Major exporters and importers of insurance services, 2007
Annual Annual
1 European Union (27) 40189 57.4 27 1 United States 42761 35.4 14
Extra-EU (27) exports 20257 28.9 41 2 European Union (27) 31482 26.1 14
2 United States 10287 14.7 2 Extra-EU (27) imports 10778 8.9 16
3 Switzerland 4857 6.9 30 3 Mexico 10936 9.1 18
4 Canada 3788 5.4 12 4 China 10664 8.8 21
5 Mexico 1999 2.9 58 5 Canada 6123 5.1 12
6 Singapore 1697 2.4 7 6 Japan 4118 3.4 -10
7 India 1504 2.1 35 7 India 3203 2.7 19
8 Japan 1343 1.9 -15 8 Singapore 2445 2.0 17
9 China 904 1.3 65 9 Thailand 1916 1.6 7
10 Bahrain 819 1.2 12 10 Turkey 1542 1.3 35
11 Turkey 645 0.9 24 11 Brazil 1308 1.1 73
12 Australia 599 0.9 13 12 Egypt 1282 1.1 31
13 Brazil 543 0.8 67 13 Korea, Republic of 1000 0.8 17
14 Hong Kong, China 468 0.7 12 14 Saudi Arabia 991 0.8 68
15 Korea, Republic of 415 0.6 52 15 Taipei, Chinese 973 0.8 -3
Above 15 70055 100.0 - Above 15 120745 100.0 -
Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.
141
Table III.21
Exports of insurance services of selected economies by destination, 2007

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

World 40189 100.0 9 40 27 World 10287 100.0 12 33 2
United States 11612 28.9 21 ... 88 Canada 1956 19.0 17 16 -3
Canada 772 1.9 1 -50 91 Japan 1549 15.1 55 38 42
Australia 661 1.6 50 -24 69 Bermuda 968 9.4 16 60 -2
Switzerland 588 1.5 -16 -14 -18 Switzerland 545 5.3 100 162 66
Above 5 33563 83.5 - - - Above 5 8060 78.4 - - -
Japan 528 1.3 17 102 -16 Mexico 293 2.8 21 63 19
South Africa 299 0.7 -1 -12 -1 Australia 213 2.1 0 -21 31
Mexico 285 0.7 18 -8 74 Korea, Republic of 201 2.0 40 109 38
Norway 273 0.7 -1 111 7 Hong Kong, China 122 1.2 35 -48 -15
Turkey 216 0.5 15 56 7 Taipei, Chinese 81 0.8 16 44 3
Singapore 215 0.5 11 100 31 Brazil 73 0.7 10 14 12
Russian Federation 185 0.5 16 76 5 Singapore 68 0.7 22 5 48
China 149 0.4 30 168 5 Chile 57 0.6 0 24 0
Chile 147 0.4 13 78 13 Israel 49 0.5 1 24 17
III Brazil 130 0.3 26 207 14 China 48 0.5 9 39 -9
Above 15 35990 89.6 - - - Above 15 9265 90.1 - - -
Singapore a Japan
World 1697 100.0 9 31 7 World 1343 100.0 8 80 -15
Australia 186 11.0 6 25 -37 European Union (27) 443 33.0 ... ... ...
Korea, Republic of 155 9.1 -3 26 12 United States 373 27.8 20 376 -9
Japan 126 7.5 8 5 -5 China 78 5.8 6 10 16
European Union (27) 98 5.8 ... ... ... Hong Kong, China 51 3.8 -16 14 -44
China 94 5.6 37 64 45 Taipei, Chinese 43 3.2 -7 -6 -9
Above 5 660 38.9 - - - Above 5 988 73.5 - - -
Australia b Hong Kong, China
World 599 100.0 6 0 13 World 468 100.0 4 1 12
United States 252 42.1 6 0 13 China 127 27.2 28 57 18
European Union (27) 114 19.0 ... ... ... Korea, Republic of 83 17.7 23 -21 80
New Zealand 60 10.1 6 0 13 Japan 44 9.4 2 50 33
Singapore 28 4.8 5 -1 14 European Union (27) 41 8.8 ... ... ...
Japan 19 3.2 6 -1 11 Singapore 32 6.8 13 0 3
Above 5 474 79.1 - - - Above 5 327 69.9 - - -
Korea, Republic of c Russian Federation d
World 415 100.0 44 62 52 World 379 100.0 16 17 1
United States 135 32.5 34 -112 ... European Union (27) 150 39.6 13 16 -4
European Union (27) 68 16.4 ... ... ... Kazakhstan 38 10.1 15 -25 37
China 29 6.9 5 1 87 Switzerland 22 5.9 -2 40 -57
Japan 19 4.5 ... 4 ... Isle of Man 20 5.4 52 -55 ...
Ukraine 17 4.5 ... 5 -14
Above 4 250 60.4 - - - Above 5 247 65.5 - - -
a In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 30 per cent of insurance services exports.
b In 2007, insurance services not allocated geographically accounted for 21 per cent of exports.
c In 2007, insurance services not allocated geographically accounted for 17 per cent of exports.
d In 2007, insurance services not allocated geographically accounted for 9 per cent of exports.
142
4.4. Financial services
Table III.22
World exports of financial services by region, 2007

2007 2000 2007 2000-07 2005 2006 2007
Exports
World 290 100.0 100.0 17 18 24 32
North America 61 23.2 21.2 15 11 20 23
Europe 182 61.5 62.7 17 19 25 35
European Union (27) 160 ... 55.1 ... 19 26 36
Asia 37 12.0 12.8 18 32 31 35
Table III.23 III

Major exporters and importers of financial services, 2007
Annual Annual
3 Switzerland 20517 7.3 27 3 Canada 4072 3.6 10
4 Hong Kong, China 12425 4.4 34 4 Japan 3610 3.2 21
5 Singapore 6547 2.3 52 5 India 3262 2.9 175
6 Japan 6207 2.2 1 6 Hong Kong, China 2807 2.5 39
7 Korea, Republic of 4001 1.4 57 7 Switzerland 1790 1.6 40
8 India 3886 1.4 121 8 Singapore 1754 1.5 60
9 Canada 3234 1.1 25 9 Russian Federation 1472 1.3 63
10 Taipei, Chinese 1302 0.5 6 10 Norway 1122 1.0 28
11 Russian Federation 1174 0.4 99 11 Ukraine 887 0.8 118
12 Brazil 1090 0.4 48 12 Brazil 807 0.7 -6
13 Norway 1021 0.4 24 13 Taipei, Chinese 782 0.7 -44
14 South Africa 876 0.3 24 14 Korea, Republic of 696 0.6 27
15 Australia 856 0.3 13 15 Turkey 623 0.5 19
Above 15 281590 100.0 - Above 15 113675 100.0 -
143
Table III.24
Exports of financial services of selected economies by destination, 2007

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

World 160187 100.0 27 26 36 World 58266 100.0 17 19 23
United States 22671 14.2 23 18 38 Canada 3773 6.5 ... ... 31
Switzerland 10265 6.4 25 24 32 Japan 2536 4.4 ... ... 8
Japan 6034 3.8 28 22 35 Bermuda 2214 3.8 ... ... -11
Russian Federation 2203 1.4 50 62 60 Australia 1636 2.8 ... ... 39
Above 5 131090 81.8 - - - Above 5 34748 59.6 - - -
Hong Kong, China 1709 1.1 35 27 55 Hong Kong, China 1469 2.5 ... ... 35
Norway 1555 1.0 30 19 61 Brazil 1061 1.8 ... ... 54
Canada 1334 0.8 34 51 38 Mexico 1017 1.7 ... ... 31
Taipei, Chinese 1298 0.8 37 33 64 China 935 1.6 ... ... 41
Singapore 1254 0.8 36 40 45 Switzerland 894 1.5 ... ... 4
Australia 1211 0.8 30 59 32 Singapore 748 1.3 ... ... 19
Korea, Republic of 729 0.5 33 14 44 Korea, Republic of 469 0.8 ... ... 0
Turkey 645 0.4 32 12 80 India 399 0.7 ... ... 33
South Africa 629 0.4 21 33 58 Norway 398 0.7 49
III China 618 0.4 31 42 33 Taipei, Chinese 396 0.7
...
...
...
... 0
Above 15 142073 88.7 - - - Above 15 42534 73.0 - - -
Hong Kong, China a Singapore b, c
World 12425 100.0 40 48 34 World 6547 100.0 39 41 52
Singapore 715 5.8 32 57 33 Hong Kong, China 666 10.2 31 29 57
Japan 610 4.9 30 61 43 Japan 351 5.4 57 34 120
Korea, Republic of 410 3.3 52 123 14 India 139 2.1 ... ... 46
Above 5 8882 71.5 - - - Above 5 3392 51.8 - - -
Japan Russian Federation d
World 6207 100.0 12 22 1 World 1174 100.0 63 51 99
United States 2594 41.8 16 21 8 European Union (27) 748 63.7 76 61 93
European Union (27) 2366 38.1 ... ... ... Bermuda 172 14.6 ... ... 691
Hong Kong, China 471 7.6 -2 -7 -5 United States 94 8.0 43 23 65
Cayman Islands 398 6.4 22 42 70 British Virgin Islands 35 3.0 59 108 77
Singapore 57 0.9 -6 17 25 Switzerland 22 1.8 97 109 35
Above 5 5886 94.8 - - - Above 5 1072 91.2 - - -
Australia e
World 856 100.0 5 -1 13
European Union (27) 281 32.9 ... ... ...
United States 235 27.5 4 -1 11
Singapore 71 8.3 5 -1 11
Hong Kong, China 54 6.3 5 -1 13
Japan 32 3.7 5 -1 11
Above 5 673 78.6 - - -
a Financial intermediation services are not allocated geographically. In 2007, they accounted for 13 per cent of financial services exports.
b Financial services exports related to foreign exchange trading are not allocated geographically.
c In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 10 per cent of financial services exports.
d In 2007, financial services not allocated geographically accounted for 1 per cent of exports.
e In 2007, financial services not allocated geographically accounted for 15 per cent of exports.
144
4.5. Computer and information services
Table III.25
World exports of computer and information services by region, 2007

2007 2000 2007 2000-07 2005 2006 2007
Exports
World 160 100.0 100.0 19 12 21 23
North America 17 19.4 10.8 9 11 12 18
Europe 93 54.2 57.8 20 7 18 23
European Union (27) 89 ... 55.7 ... 6 18 24
Asia 39 15.4 24.4 27 27 34 28
Table III.26
III
Major exporters and importers of computer and information services, 2007
Annual Annual
2 India a 27668 18.1 ... 2 United States 14815 18.4 9
3 United States 12728 8.3 23 3 Japan 3607 4.5 16
4 Israel b 5809 3.8 10 4 India a 3509 4.4 ...
5 Canada 4597 3.0 7 5 Canada 2502 3.1 23
6 China 4345 2.8 47 6 Brazil 2273 2.8 13
7 Singapore 1375 0.9 13 7 China 2208 2.7 27
8 Australia 1256 0.8 18 8 Norway b 1678 2.1 32
9 Norway b 1126 0.7 -18 9 Australia 1256 1.6 34
10 Russian Federation 1097 0.7 74 10 Russian Federation 956 1.2 56
11 Japan 966 0.6 0 11 Indonesia 679 0.8 14
12 Malaysia b 775 0.5 36 12 Singapore 669 0.8 3
13 Costa Rica 556 0.4 50 13 Malaysia b 650 0.8 25
14 Argentina 523 0.3 42 14 Korea, Republic of 544 0.7 -9
15 Korea, Republic of 340 0.2 37 15 Hong Kong, China 423 0.5 14
Above 15 152630 100.0 - Above 15 80585 100.0 -
b Computer services.
Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain economies do not report this item, they may not appear in the list. For more information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.
145
Table III.27
Exports of computer and information services of selected economies by destination, 2007

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

World 89470 100.0 16 18 24 World 12728 100.0 14 10 23
United States 9037 10.1 6 5 6 Canada 1333 10.5 ... ... 0
Russian Federation 1736 1.9 65 9 96 Australia 461 3.6 ... ... -4
Japan 1351 1.5 19 12 41 Switzerland 438 3.4 ... ... 56
Above 5 74036 82.7 - - - Above 5 9630 75.7 - - -
Norway 1112 1.2 13 11 26 Brazil 357 2.8 ... ... 20
South Africa 818 0.9 21 46 5 China 259 2.0 ... ... 106
Australia 788 0.9 39 32 47 Mexico 247 1.9 ... ... 9
India 741 0.8 57 102 62 Singapore 202 1.6 ... ... 20
China 738 0.8 36 82 73 India 193 1.5 ... ... 28
Israel 626 0.7 26 38 45 South Africa 166 1.3 ... ... ...
Canada 621 0.7 18 21 -4 Hong Kong, China 134 1.1 ... ... 18
Turkey 441 0.5 32 60 37 Korea, Republic of 134 1.1 ... ... 29
Mexico 352 0.4 27 20 29 Norway 91 0.7 94
III Egypt 346 0.4 79 57 158 Saudi Arabia 81 0.6
...
...
...
... ...
Above 15 80619 90.1 - - - Above 15 11494 90.3 - - -
Singapore a Australia b
World 1375 100.0 42 136 13 World 1256 100.0 10 20 18
Japan 271 19.7 97 307 17 United States 341 27.2 8 15 0
United States 236 17.2 24 53 47 European Union (27) 117 9.3 ... ... ...
Australia 129 9.4 69 288 1 New Zealand 89 7.1 ... 10 53
China 117 8.5 83 349 32 Japan 68 5.4 17 64 -8
European Union (27) 106 7.7 ... ... ... Singapore 57 4.5 77 -1 278
Above 5 859 62.5 - - - Above 5 672 53.5 - - -
Russian Federation c Japan
World 1097 100.0 62 50 74 World 966 100.0 -3 -14 0
European Union (27) 500 45.6 57 69 74 United States 519 53.7 -8 -12 -14
United States 345 31.5 68 44 80 Singapore 128 13.3 0 -23 50
British Virgin Islands 54 5.0 180 101 292 European Union (27) 106 11.0 ... ... ...
Kazakhstan 26 2.4 ... 85 102 Korea, Republic of 56 5.8 59 33 133
Ukraine 21 2.0 ... 17 70 Switzerland 47 4.8 26 40 -3
Above 5 948 86.4 - - - Above 5 856 88.6 - - -
Hong Kong, China
World 277 100.0 4 35 -23
China 72 26.0 0 9 -24
United States 56 20.2 2 24 -16
European Union (27) 46 16.6 ... ... ...
Singapore 25 9.0 -1 30 -17
Malaysia 12 4.3 20 117 -8
Above 5 211 76.2 - - -
a In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 10 per cent of computer and information services exports.
b In 2007, computer and information services not allocated geographically accounted for 40 per cent of exports.
c In 2007, computer and information services not allocated geographically accounted for 2 per cent of exports.
146
4.5.1 Computer services
Table III.28
Major exporters and importers of computer services, 2007

Annual Annual
2 India a 27110 20.9 ... 2 United States 14201 21.1 9
3 United States 8308 6.4 32 3 India 3212 4.8 79
4 Israel 5809 4.5 10 4 Brazil 2205 3.3 13
5 Canada 3874 3.0 13 5 Norway 1678 2.5 32
6 Australia 1233 0.9 18 6 Canada 1343 2.0 -6
7 Norway 1126 0.9 -18 7 Australia 1232 1.8 34
8 Russian Federation 1012 0.8 76 8 Russian Federation 754 1.1 59
9 Malaysia 775 0.6 36 9 Malaysia 650 1.0 25
10 Costa Rica 555 0.4 50 10 Hong Kong, China 346 0.5 12
11 Argentina 519 0.4 43 11 Argentina 279 0.4 27
12 Philippines 305 0.2 221 12 Korea, Republic of 243 0.4 -22
13 Hong Kong, China 207 0.2 -31 13 Serbia 161 0.2 ...
14 Korea, Republic of 192 0.1 6 14 Pakistan 113 0.2 85
15 Sri Lanka 175 0.1 79 15 Kazakhstan 63 0.1 53
III
Above 15 129765 100.0 - Above 15 67345 100.0 -
Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain major traders in computer and information services do not report the item computer services separately, they may not appear in the list. For more
information on asymmetries, see the Metadata.
Table III.29
Exports of computer services of selected economies by destination, 2007

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

World 78567 100.0 16 17 27 World 8308 100.0 34 78 32
United States 8407 10.7 7 6 10 Canada 741 8.9 ... ... -3
Russian Federation 1701 2.2 67 10 98 Switzerland 339 4.1 ... ... 101
Japan 1220 1.6 17 8 40 Australia 271 3.3 ... ... 3
Above 5 64134 81.6 - - - Above 5 6172 74.3 - - -
Norway 1015 1.3 11 10 24 Brazil 239 2.9 ... ... 28
South Africa 760 1.0 20 39 5 China 209 2.5 ... ... 122
China 730 0.9 36 85 74 Mexico 152 1.8 ... ... 16
Australia 722 0.9 44 42 50 India 151 1.8 ... ... 59
India 698 0.9 56 97 63 Singapore 136 1.6 ... ... 30
Israel 582 0.7 25 41 43 Korea, Republic of 116 1.4 ... ... 32
Canada 462 0.6 24 14 40 South Africa 114 1.4 ... ... 50
Turkey 410 0.5 33 59 44 Hong Kong, China 105 1.3 ... ... 27
Mexico 345 0.4 28 19 30 Norway 79 1.0 ... ... 126
Egypt 330 0.4 78 51 169 Malaysia 69 0.8 ... ... 73
Above 15 70186 89.3 - - - Above 15 7542 90.8 - - -
Russian Federation a
World 1012 100.0 69 54 76
European Union (27) 459 45.4 63 76 74
United States 336 33.2 72 47 82
British Virgin Islands 49 4.8 231 171 306
Kazakhstan 22 2.2 ... 98 85
Bermuda 18 1.8 ... 132 33
Above 5 884 87.4 - - -
a In 2007, computer services not allocated geographically accounted for 2 per cent of exports.
147
4.6. Royalties and licence fees
Table III.30
World receipts of royalties and license fees by region, 2007

2007 2000 2007 2000-07 2005 2006 2007
Exports
World 190 100.0 100.0 12 13 8 16
North America 86 53.8 45.6 10 12 12 14
Europe 69 29.0 36.7 16 16 2 19
European Union (27) 60 ... 31.5 ... 13 3 21
Asia 28 14.6 14.9 13 11 11 14
Table III.31
III
Major economies for receipts and payments of royalties and license fees, 2007
Annual Annual
1 United States 82614 44.8 14 1 European Union (27) 76435 43.5 18
2 European Union (27) 59647 32.4 21 Extra-EU (27) imports 46312 26.4 24
Extra-EU (27) exports 35541 19.3 21 2 United States 25048 14.3 5
3 Japan 23229 12.6 16 3 Japan 16678 9.5 8
4 Switzerland 8926 4.8 13 4 Switzerland 11174 6.4 25
5 Canada 3505 1.9 10 5 Singapore 8946 5.1 0
6 Korea, Republic of 1735 0.9 -15 6 Canada 8213 4.7 18
7 Singapore 821 0.4 29 7 China 8192 4.7 23
8 Israel 784 0.4 32 8 Korea, Republic of 5134 2.9 10
9 Norway 700 0.4 4 9 Australia 2873 1.6 31
10 Australia 690 0.4 11 10 Russian Federation 2806 1.6 40
11 Russian Federation 396 0.2 32 11 Taipei, Chinese 2575 1.5 11
12 Hong Kong, China 358 0.2 38 12 Thailand 2287 1.3 12
13 China 343 0.2 68 13 Brazil 2259 1.3 36
14 Brazil 319 0.2 113 14 South Africa 1596 0.9 25
15 Paraguay 287 0.2 13 15 Hong Kong, China 1504 0.9 11
Above 15 184355 100.0 - Above 15 175720 100.0 -
148
Table III.32
Receipts of royalties and licence fees of selected economies by origin, 2007

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

United States European Union (27)
World 82614 100.0 13 12 14 World 59647 100.0 12 3 21
European Union (27) 38772 46.9 ... ... ... European Union (27) 24108 40.4 12 5 20
Switzerland 7466 9.0 13 17 20 United States 12300 20.6 6 -9 7
Japan 7400 9.0 -2 6 -22 Singapore 4700 7.9 16 11 26
Canada 6294 7.6 17 21 11 Switzerland 2681 4.5 0 -11 13
Korea, Republic of 2549 3.1 16 9 8 Japan 2462 4.1 2 -16 16
Above 5 62481 75.6 - - - Above 5 46251 77.5 - - -
Mexico 2156 2.6 21 12 37 China 1607 2.7 22 60 -12
China 1879 2.3 21 35 21 Korea, Republic of 970 1.6 21 36 32
Singapore 1879 2.3 -6 53 -51 Russian Federation 684 1.1 64 15 119
Bermuda 1713 2.1 23 50 32 Norway 645 1.1 14 3 32
Brazil 1475 1.8 30 28 49 Mexico 578 1.0 28 -5 61
India 903 1.1 74 61 170 Brazil 564 0.9 20 57 55
Taipei, Chinese 803 1.0 -7 24 -54 Canada 544 0.9 -3 -19 35
South Africa 539 0.7 31 35 30 India 484 0.8 80 129 86
Hong Kong, China 533 0.6 8 16 13 South Africa 436 0.7 2 -13 20
Above 15 76467 92.6 - - - Above 15 53802 90.2 - - - III
Japan Korea, Republic of a
World 23229 100.0 14 14 16 World 1735 100.0 -2 7 -15
United States 9668 41.6 11 15 11 United States 623 35.9 -5 -29 19
European Union (27) 4308 18.5 ... ... ... China 470 27.1 1 51 -37
Thailand 1494 6.4 30 30 10 Japan 80 4.6 -17 -39 -15
Taipei, Chinese 861 3.7 7 59 2
Above 5 18133 78.1 - - - Above 4 1354 78.0 - - -
Singapore b Australia c
World 821 100.0 18 2 29 World 690 100.0 10 12 11
Japan 98 11.9 6 -5 -1 Canada 16 2.3 ... 10 111
Korea, Republic of 58 7.1 -18 18 108 China 15 2.2 -4 26 -29
Australia 48 5.9 17 5 30 Japan 15 2.2 60 221 -49
Above 5 469 57.1 - - - Above 5 444 64.4 - - -
World 396 100.0 20 15 32
European Union (27) 138 34.8 78 109 50
United States 128 32.2 40 32 15
Ukraine 19 4.8 ... 30 65
Kazakhstan 11 2.8 40 -5 59
Belarus 10 2.6 44 85 64
Above 5 306 77.2 - - -
a In 2007, receipts of royalties and licence fees not allocated geographically accounted for 3 per cent of receipts.
b In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 17 per cent of receipts of royalties and licence fees.
c In 2007, receipts of royalties and licence fees not allocated geographically accounted for 32 per cent of receipts.
d In 2007, receipts of royalties and licence fees not allocated geographically accounted for 9 per cent of receipts.
149
4.7. Other business services
Table III.33
World exports of other business services by region, 2007

2007 2000 2007 2000-07 2005 2006 2007
Exports
World 830 100.0 100.0 15 15 15 21
North America 104 16.1 12.6 11 10 16 18
Europe 450 51.2 54.2 16 15 13 22
European Union (27) 425 ... 51.3 ... 15 12 21
Asia 219 26.2 26.4 15 17 19 20
Table III.34
III
Major exporters and importers of other business services, 2007
Annual Annual
3 China 40408 5.2 39 3 Japan 34838 5.5 17
4 Japan 32918 4.2 7 4 China 30431 4.8 48
5 India a 30783 4.0 ... 5 Korea, Republic of 21829 3.5 23
6 Singapore 30652 3.9 24 6 India a 19062 3.0 ...
7 Hong Kong, China 30293 3.9 12 7 Singapore 17473 2.8 14
8 Canada 17164 2.2 9 8 Canada 13238 2.1 2
9 Taipei, Chinese 16342 2.1 11 9 Russian Federation 11618 1.8 36
10 Korea, Republic of 14421 1.9 37 10 Brazil 10586 1.7 19
11 Norway 12517 1.6 37 11 Thailand d 9841 1.6 34
12 Switzerland b 11928 1.5 23 12 Taipei, Chinese 9328 1.5 16
13 Brazil 11064 1.4 29 13 Norway 7063 1.1 18
14 Russian Federation 9624 1.2 34 14 Hong Kong, China 6596 1.0 20
15 Lebanon c 6328 0.8 15 15 Angola 5520 0.9 78
Above 15 776250 100.0 - Above 15 630770 100.0 -
b Includes construction and computer and information services.
c Includes construction, royalties and license fees and personal, cultural and recreational services.
d Includes financial services, computer and information services and personal, cultural and recreational services.
150
Table III.35
Exports of other business services of selected economies by destination, 2007

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007

European Union (27) Japan a
World 424857 100.0 16 12 21 World 32918 100.0 15 12 7
Switzerland 31072 7.3 16 5 28 Singapore 6060 18.4 35 58 13
China 9716 2.3 44 -7 102 Taipei, Chinese 3835 11.7 63 10 61
Russian Federation 8480 2.0 42 30 58 Korea, Republic of 1810 5.5 45 -16 138
Above 5 332518 78.3 - - - Above 5 37980 115.4 - - -
Norway 5562 1.3 19 3 43 Thailand 723 2.2 88 56 178
Japan 5334 1.3 -4 -26 14 Canada 695 2.1 23 11 50
India 5150 1.2 85 74 66 Switzerland 550 1.7 3 90 -20
Singapore 3820 0.9 23 64 -1 India 401 1.2 50 38 80
Canada 2960 0.7 22 24 18 Australia 270 0.8 -19 -25 -42
Hong Kong, China 2876 0.7 -1 -38 14 Indonesia 235 0.7 37 20 44
Turkey 2779 0.7 24 49 17 Philippines 165 0.5 -18 -45 -6
Korea, Republic of 2524 0.6 12 5 3 New Zealand 101 0.3 -1 -64 66
Australia 2515 0.6 24 25 28 Mexico 71 0.2 4 23 -32
Nigeria 2141 0.5 16 56 -22 Cayman Islands 34 0.1 -16 1 -70
III
Above 15 368179 86.7 - - - Above 15 41226 125.2 - - -
Singapore b, c Hong Kong, China
World 30652 100.0 19 16 24 World 30293 100.0 12 11 12
United States 5260 17.2 31 50 22 United States 8457 27.9 ... 14 12
European Union (27) 3894 12.7 ... ... ... European Union (27) d 5002 16.5 ... ... ...
Japan 3250 10.6 10 9 8 Japan 1665 5.5 ... ... 6
Hong Kong, China 1793 5.9 13 -1 22 Taipei, Chinese 1026 3.4 ... ... 9
China 1671 5.5 22 7 52 Indonesia 272 0.9 ... ... ...
Above 5 15869 51.8 - - - Above 5 16422 54.2 - - -
Korea, Republic of e Russian Federation f
World 14421 100.0 21 12 37 World 9624 100.0 35 35 34
United States 4876 33.8 16 15 31 European Union (27) 4923 51.2 37 33 42
Japan 1872 13.0 5 2 12 Switzerland 447 4.6 46 33 22
China 1055 7.3 58 60 141 Kazakhstan 323 3.4 25 38 37
British Virgin Islands 306 3.2 34 13 53
Above 4 10907 75.6 - - - Above 5 7202 74.8 - - -
a In 2007, exports of other business services are offset by negative values for merchanting.
b The geographical breakdown includes communications services.
c In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 14 per cent of other business services exports.
d 2006, excluding Bulgaria and Romania.
e In 2007, other business services not allocated geographically accounted for 7 per cent of exports.
f In 2007, other business services not allocated geographically accounted for 5 per cent of exports.
151
Table III.36
Trade in other business services by category in selected economies, 2007
Value Share
Miscellaneous business, professional and technical services
Advertising, Agricultural,
Legal, market Architectural, mining and
accounting, research engineering other on-
Total other Merchanting Operational management and public Research and other site
business and other trade leasing and public opinion and technical processing
services related services services Total relations polling development services services Other a
Exporters
European Union (27) 424857 24.2 4.3 71.5 14.2 5.9 9.4 10.9 2.3 28.9
Extra-EU (27) exports 196753 23.6 4.4 72.0 13.8 5.2 10.9 13.3 3.3 25.6
United States b 86953 6.1 13.4 80.5 36.8 4.6 16.9 6.1 2.8 13.4
China 40408 66.6 ... 33.4 28.7 4.7 ... ... ... ...
Japan 32918 60.0 7.0 33.0 ... ... ... ... ... ...
India c 30783 9.5 1.7 88.8 19.3 2.6 4.8 11.3 0.8 49.9
Singapore 30652 61.8 ... 38.2 26.4 1.5 0.6 5.3 ... 4.4
Hong Kong, China 30293 84.2 0.1 15.7 9.7 2.0 ... 0.8 ... 3.2
Canada 17164 5.5 2.8 91.7 28.1 3.8 18.1 24.9 ... 16.8
III Korea, Republic of 14421 17.5 6.5 76.1 6.2 2.5 3.5 2.2 0.1 61.5
Norway 12517 13.6 7.6 78.8 2.9 1.7 3.2 17.9 26.1 27.0
Brazil 11064 8.6 0.3 91.1 17.1 1.8 1.6 38.1 0.0 32.5
Russian Federation 9624 ... 6.1 93.9 19.3 24.3 5.1 21.6 2.5 21.2
Australia 5463 12.9 1.2 85.9 16.5 4.2 8.6 22.5 5.8 28.3
Malaysia 4180 15.8 11.3 72.9 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Argentina 2953 7.7 5.0 87.3 25.7 11.6 6.4 3.3 ... 40.4
Philippines 2439 0.7 0.4 98.9 98.4 ... 0.5 ... ... ...
Ukraine 1672 7.2 3.9 88.9 13.6 17.3 18.1 12.9 23.0 3.9
Chile 1518 41.8 12.5 45.8 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Serbia 975 7.5 0.3 92.2 10.9 18.1 3.5 11.1 0.3 48.3
Croatia 960 15.0 3.7 81.3 21.4 23.5 2.8 28.8 4.0 0.8
Importers
European Union (27) 380739 15.5 6.5 78.0 14.2 9.4 11.2 7.8 1.2 34.1
Extra-EU (27) exports 146718 16.2 6.0 77.8 14.3 10.3 13.6 7.7 1.1 30.8
United States b 52606 2.2 2.0 95.8 45.3 3.8 21.7 2.4 2.6 20.1
Japan 34838 25.2 0.8 73.9 ... ... ... ... ... ...
China 30431 59.9 ... 40.1 35.7 4.4 ... ... ... ...
Korea, Republic of 21829 30.1 7.3 62.6 6.6 12.2 4.8 2.7 0.2 36.2
India c 19062 14.4 5.5 80.1 19.7 6.2 1.9 15.2 0.3 36.7
Singapore 17473 33.4 ... 66.6 34.6 2.6 11.5 5.1 ... 12.7
Canada 13238 4.6 9.2 86.2 33.8 2.5 8.7 20.0 ... 21.2
Russian Federation 11618 0.9 10.5 88.5 22.9 10.8 0.9 24.1 16.6 13.3
Brazil 10586 8.9 54.8 36.3 4.4 1.6 0.2 22.8 0.0 7.4
Norway 7063 6.5 1.1 92.4 5.1 3.2 5.6 7.9 38.6 32.1
Hong Kong, China 6596 47.2 11.6 41.1 26.9 6.1 ... 0.9 ... 7.3
Malaysia 4735 ... 16.8 83.2 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Australia 4195 4.6 16.9 78.6 9.7 3.6 2.5 21.3 8.7 32.9
Kazakhstan 3149 0.1 14.5 85.4 16.2 0.6 0.3 54.8 11.3 2.2
Ukraine 1384 12.0 7.8 80.2 24.6 8.5 10.8 14.2 6.5 15.6
New Zealand 1332 8.6 23.1 68.3 18.7 8.4 2.9 ... ... 38.3
Argentina 1213 14.5 17.5 68.0 17.8 2.9 3.7 10.4 0.1 33.1
Chile 1199 40.0 13.9 46.1 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Croatia 1154 12.2 8.3 79.5 27.9 17.9 6.4 23.5 1.6 2.1
a Covers other services not included elsewhere as well as services between related enterprises n.i.e.
b Market research and public opinion polling are included in "legal, accounting, management and public relations".
c Secretariat estimates. Exports of "miscellaneous business, professional and technical services, other" include information technology enabled services.
152
4.8. Personal, cultural and recreational services
Table III.37
World exports of personal, cultural and recreational services by region, 2007

2007 2000 2007 2000-07 2005 2006 2007
Exports
World 45 100.0 100.0 9 0 8 18
North America 18 44.2 42.7 8 0 20 19
Europe 18 44.8 42.6 8 -2 -1 17
European Union (27) 16 ... 38.5 ... -1 -1 18
Asia 4 7.5 9.1 12 8 -9 21
Table III.38
III
Major exporters and importers of personal, cultural and recreational services, 2007
Annual Annual
Extra-EU (27) exports 6544 16.4 13 Extra-EU (27) imports 8071 25.8 -9
2 United States 15661 39.2 24 2 Canada 2195 7.0 6
3 Canada 2248 5.6 -2 3 United States 1719 5.5 34
4 Turkey 971 2.4 -3 4 Malaysia 1530 4.9 7
5 Malaysia 812 2.0 -6 5 Japan 1318 4.2 1
6 India a 622 1.6 ... 6 Australia 934 3.0 10
7 Australia 509 1.3 1 7 Korea, Republic of 929 3.0 39
8 Norway 466 1.2 10 8 Russian Federation 753 2.4 39
9 Korea, Republic of 448 1.1 21 9 Brazil 651 2.1 22
10 China b 316 0.8 130 10 Norway 569 1.8 -3
11 Mexico b 308 0.8 -19 11 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 312 1.0 23
12 Argentina 298 0.7 16 12 Singapore 278 0.9 6
13 Russian Federation 291 0.7 25 13 Mexico b 259 0.8 -21
14 Hong Kong, China 272 0.7 -3 14 Ukraine 225 0.7 39
15 Singapore 239 0.6 18 15 Argentina 212 0.7 24
Above 15 39910 100.0 - Above 15 31305 100.0 -
b Audiovisual and related services.
153
Table III.39
Exports of personal, cultural and recreational services of selected economies by destination, 2007

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007
European Union (27) Australia a

World 16449 100.0 5 -1 18 World 509 100.0 7 15 1
United States 2327 14.1 -6 -4 8 New Zealand 66 13.0 ... 25 33
Switzerland 873 5.3 -10 -27 8 United States 52 10.2 ... -20 -26
Japan 420 2.6 -14 -30 -1 Singapore 37 7.2 6 40 -9
Norway 350 2.1 5 -14 33 China 31 6.1 19 33 5
Above 5 13875 84.4 - - - Above 5 289 56.7 - - -
Australia 264 1.6 2 -12 25 Japan 18 3.6 4 21 -24
Russian Federation 138 0.8 36 -14 35 Hong Kong, China 14 2.8 -23 -45 5
India 133 0.8 136 260 163 Malaysia 11 2.1 4 17 11
Brazil 111 0.7 7 4 18 Canada 8 1.6 42 117 1
Singapore 108 0.7 57 -24 55 Fiji 1 0.2 ... ... ...
South Africa 90 0.5 25 9 41
Korea, Republic of 84 0.5 -3 43 27
Canada 83 0.5 4 17 5
Hong Kong, China 70 0.4 11 -8 -2
III Turkey 53 0.3 8 40 27
Above 15 15010 91.3 - - - Above 10 341 67.1 - - -
Russian Federation b Hong Kong, China
World 291 100.0 21 24 25 World 272 100.0 -2 4 -3
European Union (27) 140 48.3 27 18 47 Malaysia 45 16.6 -8 13 -17
Switzerland 21 7.3 -1 164 -20 European Union (27) 24 8.8 ... ... ...
Ukraine 19 6.5 ... 61 56 China 21 7.7 -16 -9 5
Belarus 15 5.1 49 34 37 Japan 8 2.9 ... -17 60
Above 5 228 78.6 - - - Above 5 136 50.1 - - -
Singapore c Japan
World 239 100.0 9 13 18 World 156 100.0 29 44 11
India 15 6.3 ... ... 324 United States 67 42.9 25 14 4
Hong Kong, China 10 4.4 -17 -56 38 European Union (27) 36 22.8 ... ... ...
China 10 4.1 0 8 72 Korea, Republic of 14 9.2 20 144 29
Korea, Republic of 8 3.6 15 55 -2 Hong Kong, China 14 8.7 94 64 13
United States 3 1.1 -22 -21 -16 Switzerland 12 7.6 5 29 25
Above 5 46 19.4 - - - Above 5 142 91.3 - - -
a In 2007, personal, cultural and recreational services not allocated geographically accounted for 33 per cent of exports.
b In 2007, personal, cultural and recreational services not allocated geographically accounted for 2 per cent of exports.
c In 2007, ASEAN countries accounted for 44 per cent of exports.
154
4.8.1 Audiovisual services
Table III.40
Major exporters and importers of audiovisual and related services, 2007

Annual Annual
1 United States 15043 51.5 23 1 European Union (27) 13893 63.7 1
2 European Union (27) 9962 34.1 14 Extra-EU (27) imports 6315 29.0 -16
Extra-EU (27) exports 4063 13.9 6 2 Canada 2001 9.2 6
3 Canada 2021 6.9 -3 3 United States 1440 6.6 32
4 China 316 1.1 130 4 Japan 1044 4.8 6
5 Mexico 308 1.1 -19 5 Australia 798 3.7 13
6 Argentina 294 1.0 21 6 Russian Federation 624 2.9 36
7 Norway 272 0.9 18 7 Brazil 456 2.1 18
8 Hong Kong, China 249 0.9 -3 8 Korea, Republic of 381 1.7 66
9 Russian Federation 196 0.7 28 9 Norway 300 1.4 -21
10 Korea, Republic of 183 0.6 8 10 Mexico 259 1.2 -21
11 Australia 139 0.5 -8 11 Argentina 212 1.0 24
12 Japan 126 0.4 22 12 China 154 0.7 27
13 Albania 61 0.2 59 13 Ecuador 126 0.6 9
14 Ecuador 44 0.1 7 14 Albania 59 0.3 83
15 Colombia 21 0.1 -24 15 Croatia 55 0.3 64
III
Above 15 29235 100.0 - Above 15 21800 100.0 -
Note : Based on information available to the Secretariat. As certain major traders in personal, cultural and recreational services do not report the item audiovisual and related services separately, they may not
appear in the list. See the Metadata.
Table III.41
Exports of audiovisual and related services of selected economies by destination, 2007

2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007 2007 2007 2004-07 2006 2007
United States European Union (27)

World 15043 100.0 13 21 23 World 9962 100.0 -1 -8 14
European Union (27) 9048 60.1 ... ... ... European Union (27) 5899 59.2 4 -8 20
Canada 1218 8.1 20 25 41 United States 1769 17.8 -10 -10 4
Japan 1085 7.2 8 19 9 Japan 371 3.7 -15 -33 0
Australia 668 4.4 20 31 34 Switzerland 308 3.1 -28 -48 -2
Brazil 467 3.1 40 16 66 Norway 245 2.5 -2 -18 20
Above 5 12486 83.0 - - - Above 5 8592 86.2 - - -
Mexico 384 2.6 13 0 61 Australia 228 2.3 0 -6 19
Korea, Republic of 265 1.8 40 90 79 Brazil 104 1.0 15 4 17
China 169 1.1 71 22 177 India 103 1.0 192 ... 194
Norway 132 0.9 40 51 59 Korea, Republic of 74 0.7 -4 37 36
South Africa 124 0.8 4 21 19 Russian Federation 65 0.7 28 64 30
New Zealand 114 0.8 15 32 46 Singapore 64 0.6 93 16 7
Switzerland 106 0.7 43 109 58 Canada 57 0.6 0 9 0
Taipei, Chinese 89 0.6 26 176 11 South Africa 52 0.5 10 55 -6
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 84 0.6 -9 -14 29 Hong Kong, China 43 0.4 31 6 5
Hong Kong, China 77 0.5 22 35 33 Turkey 31 0.3 3 56 22
Above 15 14030 93.3 - - - Above 15 9412 94.5 - - -
Hong Kong, China a
World 249 100.0 -1 5 -3
Malaysia 44 17.7 ... 0 -8
United States 33 13.3 ... ... ...
European Union (27) 19 7.6 ... ... ...
China 17 6.8 -4 0 31
Japan 8 3.2 ... -17 60
Above 5 121 48.6 - - -
a Audiovisual and related services not allocated geographically accounted for 48 per cent of exports.
155
156
IV.
IV. METADATA
This chapter details the methodology and sources for the statistics used in International Trade Statistics 2009.
1. Composition of geographical and economic groupings

WTO members are frequently referred to as “countries”, although some members are not countries in the usual sense
of the word but are officially “customs territories”. The definition of geographical and other groupings in this report does
not imply an expression of opinion by the Secretariat concerning the status of any country or territory, the delimitation of
its frontiers, nor the rights and obligations of any WTO member in respect of WTO agreements. The colours, boundaries,
denominations, and classifications in the maps of this publication do not imply, on the part of the WTO, any judgement on
the legal or other status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of any boundary.
Throughout this report, South and Central America and the Caribbean is referred to as South and Central America;
the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, the Republic of Korea and the
Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu are referenced as Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela; Hong
Kong, China; Korea, Republic of; and Taipei, Chinese respectively.
Table IV.1
Composition of regions and other economic groupings
METADATA
Regions
North America
Bermuda IV
Canada*
Mexico*
United States of America*
Other territories in the region not elsewhere specified
South and Central America and the Caribbean
Antigua and Barbuda* Brazil* Ecuador* Jamaica* Saint Lucia*
Argentina* Chile* El Salvador* Netherlands Antilles Saint Vincent and the Grenadines*
Bahamas** Colombia* Grenada* Nicaragua* Suriname*
Barbados* Costa Rica* Guatemala* Panama* Trinidad and Tobago*
Belize* Cuba* Guyana* Paraguay* Uruguay*
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela* Dominica* Haiti* Peru*
Bolivia* Dominican Republic* Honduras* Saint Kitts and Nevis*
Europe
Andorra** Denmark* Iceland* Montenegro** Slovenia*
Austria* Estonia* Ireland* Netherlands* Spain*
Belgium* Finland* Italy* Norway* Sweden*
Bosnia and Herzegovina** France* Latvia* Poland* Switzerland*
Bulgaria* FYR Macedonia* Liechtenstein Portugal* Turkey*
Croatia* Germany* Lithuania* Romania* United Kingdom*
Cyprus* Greece* Luxembourg* Serbia**
Czech Republic* Hungary* Malta* Slovak Republic*
Armenia* Georgia* Moldova* Turkmenistan
Azerbaijan** Kazakhstan** Russian Federation** Ukraine*
Belarus** Kyrgyz Republic* Tajikistan** Uzbekistan**
Africa
Algeria** Congo* Guinea* Morocco* South Africa*
Angola* Congo, Dem. Rep. of* Guinea-Bissau* Mozambique* Sudan**
Benin* Côte d'Ivoire* Kenya* Namibia* Swaziland*
Botswana* Djibouti* Lesotho* Niger* Tanzania*
Burkina Faso* Egypt* Liberia Nigeria* Togo*
Burundi* Equatorial Guinea** Libyan Arab Jamahiriya** Rwanda* Tunisia*
Cameroon* Eritrea Madagascar* Sao Tome and Principe** Uganda*
157
Table IV.1 (continued)
Composition of regions and other economic groupings (continued)
Regions (continued)
Cape Verde* Ethiopia** Malawi* Senegal* Zambia*
Central African Republic* Gabon* Mali* Seychelles** Zimbabwe*
Chad* Gambia* Mauritania* Sierra Leone*
Comoros Ghana* Mauritius* Somalia
Middle East
Bahrain* Israel* Lebanon** Saudi Arabia* Yemen**
Iran, Islamic Rep. of** Jordan* Oman* Syrian Arab Republic
Iraq** Kuwait* Qatar* United Arab Emirates*
Asia
Afghanistan** Hong Kong, China* Malaysia* Papua New Guinea* Tonga*
Australia* India* Maldives* Philippines* Tuvalu
Bangladesh* Indonesia* Mongolia* Samoa** Vanuatu**
Bhutan** Japan* Myanmar* Singapore* Viet Nam*
Brunei Darussalam* Kiribati Nepal* Solomon Islands*
Cambodia* Korea, Republic of* New Zealand* Sri Lanka*
China* Lao People's Dem. Rep.** Pakistan* Taipei, Chinese*
Fiji* Macao, China* Palau Thailand*
* WTO members
** Observer governments
METADATA
Regional integration agreements
Andean Community (CAN)

Bolivia
IV Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) / AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area)
Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Thailand
Cambodia Lao People's Dem. Rep. Myanmar Singapore Viet Nam
CACM (Central American Common market)
Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua
CARICOM (Caribbean Community and Common Market)
Antigua and Barbuda Belize Guyana Montserrat Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Bahamas Dominica Haiti Saint Kitts and Nevis Suriname
Barbados Grenada Jamaica Saint Lucia Trinidad and Tobago
CEMAC (Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa)
Cameroon Chad Congo Equatorial Guinea Gabon
Central African Republic
COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)
Burundi Egypt Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Rwanda Uganda
Comoros Eritrea Madagascar Seychelles Zambia
Congo, Dem. Rep. of Ethiopia Malawi Sudan Zimbabwe
Djibouti Kenya Mauritius Swaziland
ECCAS (Economic Community of Central African States)
Angola Central African Republic Congo, Dem. Rep. of Gabon Sao Tome and Principe
Burundi Chad Equatorial Guinea Rwanda
Cameroon Congo
ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States)
Benin Côte d'Ivoire Guinea Mali Senegal
Burkina Faso Gambia Guinea- Bissau Niger Sierra Leone
Cape Verde Ghana Liberia Nigeria Togo
EFTA (European Free Trade Association)
Iceland Liechtenstein Norway Switzerland
European Union (27)
Austria Estonia Ireland Netherlands Spain
Belgium Finland Italy Poland Sweden
Bulgaria France Latvia Portugal United Kingdom
Cyprus Germany Lithuania Romania
Czech Republic Greece Luxembourg Slovak Republic
Denmark Hungary Malta Slovenia
158
Composition of regions and other economic groupings (continued)
Regional integration agreements (continued)
GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council)

Bahrain Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates
Kuwait
MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market)
Argentina Brazil Paraguay Uruguay
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
Canada Mexico United States
SAPTA (South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement)
Bangladesh India Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka
Bhutan Maldives
SADC (Southern African Development Community)
Angola Lesotho Mauritius South Africa Zambia
Botswana Madagascar Mozambique Swaziland Zimbabwe
Congo, Dem. Rep. of Malawi Namibia United Republic of Tanzania
WAEMU (West African Economic and Monetary Union)
Benin Côte d'Ivoire Mali Senegal Togo
Burkina Faso Guinea- Bissau Niger
Other groups
ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific countries)

Angola Côte d’Ivoire Haiti Niger South Africa
Antigua and Barbuda Cuba Jamaica Nigeria Sudan
METADATA
Bahamas Djibouti Kenya Niue Suriname
Barbados Dominica Kiribati Palau Swaziland
Belize Dominican Republic Lesotho Papua New Guinea Timor Leste
Benin Equatorial Guinea Liberia Rwanda Togo
Botswana Eritrea Madagascar Saint Kitts and Nevis Tonga IV
Burkina Faso Ethiopia Malawi Saint Lucia Trinidad and Tobago
Saint Vincent and the
Burundi Fiji Mali Tuvalu
Grenadines
Cameroon Gabon Marshall Islands Samoa Uganda
Central African Republic Gambia Mauritania Sao Tome and Principe United Republic of Tanzania
Chad Ghana Mauritius Senegal Vanuatu
Comoros Grenada Micronesia Seychelles Zambia
Congo Guinea Mozambique Sierra Leone Zimbabwe
Dem. Rep. of the Congo Guinea-Bissau Namibia Solomon Islands
Cook Islands Guyana Nauru Somalia
Africa
North Africa
Algeria Egypt Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Morocco Tunisia
Sub- Saharan Africa
Western Africa
Benin Gambia Guinea-Bissau Mauritania Senegal
Burkina Faso Ghana Liberia Niger Sierra Leone
Cape Verde Guinea Mali Nigeria Togo
Côte d’Ivoire
Central Africa
Burundi Central African Republic Congo Equatorial Guinea Rwanda
Cameroon Chad Dem. Rep. of the Congo Gabon Sao Tome and Principe
Eastern Africa
Comoros Ethiopia Mauritius Somalia United Republic of Tanzania
Djibouti Kenya Seychelles Sudan Uganda
Eritrea Madagascar
Southern Africa
Angola Lesotho Mozambique South Africa Zambia
Botswana Malawi Namibia Swaziland Zimbabwe
Territories in Africa not elsewhere specified
Asia
East Asia (including Oceania):
Australia Indonesia Mongolia Samoa Tuvalu
Brunei Darussalam Japan Myanmar Singapore Vanuatu
Cambodia Kiribati New Zealand Solomon Islands Viet Nam
China Lao People’s Dem. Rep. Papua New Guinea Taipei, Chinese
159
Composition of regions and other economic groupings
Other groups (continued)

Fiji Macao, China Philippines Thailand
Hong Kong, China Malaysia Republic of Korea Tonga
West Asia:
Afghanistan Bhutan Maldives Pakistan Sri Lanka
Bangladesh India Nepal
Other countries and territories in Asia and the Pacific not elsewhere specified
LDCs (Least-developed countries)
Afghanistan Comoros Kiribati Myanmar Sudan
Angola Congo, Dem. Rep. of Lao People’s Dem. Rep. Nepal Timor Leste
Bangladesh Djibouti Lesotho Niger Togo
Benin Equatorial Guinea Liberia Rwanda Tuvalu
Bhutan Eritrea Madagascar Samoa Uganda
Burkina Faso Ethiopia Malawi Sao Tome and Principe United Republic of Tanzania
Burundi Gambia Maldives Senegal Vanuatu
Cambodia Guinea Mali Sierra Leone Yemen
Central African Republic Guinea-Bissau Mauritania Solomon Islands Zambia
Chad Haiti Mozambique Somalia
Six East Asian traders
Hong Kong, China Republic of Korea Singapore Taipei, Chinese Thailand
Malaysia
METADATA
IV
160
2. Definitions and methodology
2.1 Merchandise trade
2.1.1 Exports and imports
Two systems of recording merchandise exports and imports are in common use. They are referred to as general trade
and special trade and differ mainly in the way warehoused and re-exported goods are treated. General trade figures are
larger than the corresponding special trade figures because the latter exclude certain trade flows, such as goods shipped
through bonded warehouses.
To the extent possible, total merchandise trade is defined in this report according to the general trade definition. It
covers all types of inward and outward movement of goods through a country or territory including movements through
customs warehouses and free zones. Goods include all merchandise that either add to or substract from the stock of material
resources of a country or territory by entering (imports) or leaving (exports) the country’s economic territory. For further
explanations, see United Nations International Trade Statistics, Concepts and Definitions, Series M, N° 52, Revision 2.
Unless otherwise indicated, exports are valued at transaction value, including the cost of transportation and
insurance to bring the merchandise to the frontier of the exporting country or territory (“free on board” valuation). Imports
are valued at transaction value plus the cost of transportation and insurance to the frontier of the importing country or
territory (“cost, insurance and freight” valuation).
2.1.2 Products
METADATA
All product groups are defined according to Revision 3 of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC).
Table IV.2 IV
Products
A. Primary products
(i) Agricultural products (SITC sections 0, 1, 2 and 4 minus divisions 27 and 28)
of which,
- Food (SITC sections 0, 1, 4 and division 22)
of which,
0 - Food and live animals
1 - Beverages and tobacco
4 - Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes
22 - Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits
- - Fish (SITC division 03)
- - Other food products and live animals ( SITC sections 0, 1, 4 and division 22 minus division 03)
- Raw materials (SITC divisions 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29)
of which,
21 - Hides, skins and furskins, raw
23 - Crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed)
24 - Cork and wood
25 - Pulp and waste paper
26 - Textile fibres (other than wool tops and other combed wool) and their wastes (not manufactured into yarn or fabric)
29 - Crude animal and vegetable materials, not elsewhere specified
(ii) Fuels and mining products (SITC section 3 and divisions 27, 28, 68)
of which,
- Ores and other minerals (SITC divisions 27, 28)
of which,
27 - Crude fertilizers, other than those of division 56, and crude minerals (excluding coal, petroleum and precious stones)
28 - Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
- Fuels (SITC section 3)
- Non-ferrous metals (SITC division 68)
B. Manufactures (SITC sections 5, 6, 7, 8 minus division 68 and group 891)
(i) Iron and steel (SITC division 67)
(ii) Chemicals (SITC section 5)
of which,
- Pharmaceuticals (SITC division 54)
161
Products (continued)
- Other chemicals (SITC divisions 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59)
of which,
51 - Organic chemicals
52 - Inorganic chemicals
53 - Dyeing, tanning and colouring materials
55 - Essential oils and resinoids and perfume materials; toilet, polishing and cleaning preparations
56 - Fertilizers (other than those of Group 272, i.e Fertilizers, crude)
57 - Plastics in primary forms
58 - Plastics in non-primary forms
59 - Chemical materials and products, not elsewhere specified
(iii) Other semi-manufactures (SITC divisions 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 69)
of which,
61 - Leather, leather manufactures, not elsewhere specified and dressed furskins
62 - Rubber manufactures, not elsewhere specified
63 - Cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture)
64 - Paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard
66 - Non-metallic mineral manufactures, not elsewhere specified
69 - Manufactures of metals, not elsewhere specified
(iv) Machinery and transport equipment (SITC section 7)
- Office and telecommunication equipment (SITC divisions 75, 76 and group 776)
of which,
- - Electronic data processing and office equipment (SITC division 75)
- - Telecommunications equipment (SITC division 76)
- - Integrated circuits, and electronic components (SITC group 776)
- Transport equipment (SITC group 713, sub-group 7783 and divisions 78, 79)
of which,
METADATA
78 - Road vehicles (including air-cushion vehicles)

79 - Other transport equipment
- - Automotive products (SITC groups 781, 782, 783, 784 and subgroups 7132, 7783)
of which,
IV 781 - Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons (other than public-transport type vehicles),
including station wagons and racing cars
782 - Motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles
783 - Road motor vehicles, not elsewhere specified
784 - Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles and tractors
7132 - Internal combustion piston engines for propelling vehicles listed above
- -Other transport equipment (SITC division 79, groups 713, 785, 786 minus sub-group 7132)
of which,
79 - Other transport equipment
713 - Internal combustion piston engines, and parts thereof, not elsewhere specified
785 - Motorcycles and cycles, motorized and non-motorized
786 - Trailers and semi-trailers, other vehicles (not mechanically propelled), and specially designed and equipped transport containers
- Other machinery (SITC divisions 71, 72, 73, 74, 77 minus groups 713, 776 minus sub-group 7783)
of which,
- - Power generating machinery (SITC division 71 minus group 713)
of which,
71 - Power generating machinery and equipment
minus
713 - Internal combustion piston engines, and parts thereof, not elsewhere specified
- - Non-electrical machinery (SITC divisions 72, 73, 74)
of which,
72 - Machinery specialized for particular industries
73 - Metal working machinery
74 - General industrial machinery and equipment, not elsewhere specified and machine parts, not elsewhere specified
- - Electrical machinery (SITC division 77 minus group 776 and subgroup 7783)
of which,
77 - Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, not elsewhere specified and electrical parts thereof
minus
776 - Thermionic, cold cathode or photo-cathode valves and tubes
7783 - Electrical equipment, not elsewhere specified, for internal combustion engines and vehicles; and parts thereof
(v) Textiles (SITC division 65)
(vi) Clothing (SITC division 84)
(vii) Other manufactures (SITC divisions 81, 82, 83, 85, 87, 88, 89 excluding group 891)
of which,
- Personal and household goods (SITC divisions 82, 83 and 85)
of which,
82 - Furniture and parts thereof, bedding, mattresses, mattress supports, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings
83 - Travel goods, handbags and similar containers
162
Products (continued)
85 - Footwear
- Scientific and controlling instruments (SITC division 87)
- Miscellaneous manufactures (SITC divisions 81, 88 and 89 minus group 891)
of which,
81 - Prefabricated buildings, sanitary plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and fittings, not elsewhere specified
88 - Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies and optical goods, not elsewhere specified; watches and clocks
89 - Miscellaneous manufactured articles, not elsewhere specified
C. Other products: commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere (including gold); arms and ammunition (SITC section 9 and group 891)
9- Commodities and transactions not classfied elsewhere in SITC
891 - Arms and Ammunition
Throughout this report, other food products and live animals; beverages and tobacco; animal and vegetable oils, fats
and waxes; oilseeds and oleaginous fruit are referred to as other food products; electronic data processing and office
equipment is referred to as EDP and office equipment; and integrated circuits and electronic components is referred to
as integrated circuits.
2.1.3 World trade network
The world merchandise trade network by region and product from which Appendix tables A2 and A10 are derived
is based on export data. The network is constructed in the following way:
First, total merchandise exports from each of the seven regions are aggregated from the individual country or
METADATA
territory figures published in Appendix table A6.
Next, the total merchandise exports of each region are distributed by destination and then by product. The regional
and commodity breakdown is based on UNSD Comtrade database, EUROSTAT, GTIS GTA database, national statistics IV
and Secretariat estimates.
During this process, the principal adjustments to the figures are as follows:
(i) Exports of ships to the open registry countries Panama and Liberia are re-allocated from each region’s exports to
South and Central America and Africa to “unspecified destinations” (a category not shown separately).
(ii) China’s exports are adjusted to approximate their final destination.
(iii) Exports of non-monetary gold, where known, are included. When they cannot be broken down by destination, they
are allocated to “unspecified destinations”.
(iv) South Africa’s trade does not include trade with the former Southern African Customs Union members.
2.1.4 Merchandise trade of selected major traders by product, region and major trading partner
(Appendix tables A18 to A28)
These tables are derived from UNSD Comtrade and EUROSTAT. For trade by product, world totals include
shipments which have not been distinguished by origin or destination. For trade by region and partner, world totals
include goods which have not been specified by product.
The following adjustment has been made to the figures:
Exports of ships to the open registry countries Panama and Liberia are reallocated from each economy’s exports to
South and Central America and Africa to “unspecified destinations” (a category not shown separately).
The selection of each economy’s major trading partners is based on a ranking of total trade (exports plus imports) of
each economy with their trading partners in 2008 (member States of the EU (27) are counted as one trading partner).
163
2.1.5 Merchandise trade and the goods account in balance of payments statistics
Merchandise trade statistics serve as an input for the compilation of the goods account in the balance of payments
(BOP) and the rest of the world account in the System of National Accounts (SNA).
The compilation of international merchandise trade statistics (IMTS) relies principally on customs records
complemented, as appropriate, by additional sources to enhance their coverage (for instance, to include electricity, or
trade in vessels and aircrafts). These statistics essentially reflect the physical movement of goods across borders, while
National Accounts and BOP statistics record transactions that involve change in ownership.
The goods account in the BOP is generally compiled on the basis of IMTS after they have been adjusted for
coverage, timing, and valuation.
Coverage differences between BOP statistics and IMTS concern mainly:
items such as blueprints, videos, and tapes which are regarded as services within the BOP (hence are excluded
from goods) whereas they are included in merchandise trade statistics at the value of the material support;
goods that for practical reasons are excluded from merchandise trade but should in theory be recorded in BOP
statistics, such as fish and salvage sold abroad by resident vessels, or imports of bunkers and stores acquired
abroad for mobile equipment operated by residents;
goods under the improvement and repair trade regime should be excluded from IMTS, but they are to be included
in the goods account at the value of the repair under the BPM5;
Another coverage difference concerns goods that are imported in an economy where they undergo processing
operations, and are thereafter re-exported. IMTS recommends that these movements be recorded on a gross
METADATA
basis, whereas BPM5 distinguishes between goods that return to the country of origin (included within the goods
account but reported separately) and those that are sent to a third economy (such flows are considered as trade
in general merchandise between the economy of origin and final destination, and should be excluded from the
IV goods account of the economy where the processing takes place)
The physical movement of goods across border measured in IMTS do not necessarily coincide in timing with
changes in the ownership of goods. BPM5 therefore recommends the application of specific adjustments for such
cases.
As far as valuation is concerned, the issue that affects most data comparability concerns the point of valuation,
namely, whether goods are valued at the importer’s border - that is at the cost, insurance and freight value - or at the
free on board value at the exporter’s border. IMTS guidelines recommend the adoption of the c.i.f. valuation for imports
whereas the fifth edition of the IMF’s Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5) requires the f.o.b. valuation. Additional
adjustments may be made by BOP compilers to conform to the BPM5 requirement for a market price for valuing trade,
processing trade, and with respect to currency conversion.
Once adjusted, merchandise trade is recorded in the goods category of the current account, along with services,
income, and current transfers. Therefore, within the balance of payments framework transactions in both goods and
services are harmonized and provide for comparable statistical series. Strictly speaking, it is not correct to aggregate the
figures for commercial services and merchandise shown elsewhere in this report.
It should be noted that some economies still apply the concepts of the fourth edition of the Balance of Payments
Manual, and thus do not include goods for processing and goods procured in port carriers in the goods account.
2.2 Trade in commercial services

Depending on the location of the supplier and the consumer, the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)
defines four modes of supply. In addition to the cross-border supply (mode 1), where both the supplier and the consumer
remain in their respective home territories, GATS also covers cases where consumers are outside their home territory to
consume services (mode 2 – consumption abroad), or cases where service suppliers are in the territory of the consumers
to provide their services, whether by establishing affiliates through direct investment abroad (mode 3 – commercial
presence), or through the presence of natural persons (mode 4).
A country’s balance of payments, that is the services account, can be used to derive estimates covering trade in
commercial services for modes 1, 2 and 4. The Balance of Payments does however not include most of the information
164
on the local deliveries of services through foreign affiliates that is required to estimate the size of mode 3. A framework
for collecting these data, the “Foreign Affiliates Trade in Services (FATS) statistics”, has been developed and adopted by
the international statistical community in 2002. Further information on these “new” statistics is developed below.
2.2.1 Trade in commercial services between residents and non residents of an economy
Exports and imports
Exports (credits or receipts) and imports (debits or payments) of commercial services derived from statistics on
international service transactions are included in the balance of payments statistics, in conformity with the concepts,
definitions and classification of the fifth (1993) edition of the IMF Balance of Payments Manual.
Definition of commercial services in the balance of payments
In the fifth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual, the current account is subdivided into goods, services
(including government services, not included elsewhere), income (investment income and compensation of employees),
and current transfers. The commercial services category in this report is defined as being equal to services minus
government services, not included elsewhere. Commercial services is further sub-divided into transportation services,
travel, and other commercial services.
Transportation services covers sea, air and other including land, internal waterway, space and pipeline transport
services that are performed by residents of one economy for those of another, and that involve the carriage of passengers,
the movement of goods (freight), rentals (charters) of carriers with crew, and related supporting and auxiliary services
Travel includes goods and services acquired by personal travellers, for health, education or other purposes, and by
METADATA
business travellers. Unlike other services, travel is not a specific type of service, but an assortment of goods and services
consumed by travellers. The most common goods and services covered are lodging, food and beverages, entertainment
and transportation (within the economy visited), gifts and souvenirs.
Other commercial services corresponds to the following components defined in BPM5: IV

(i) communications services includes telecommunications, postal and courier services. Telecommunications services
encompasses the transmission of sound, images or other information by telephone, telex, telegram, radio and
television cable and broadcasting, satellite, electronic mail, facsimile services etc., including business network
services, teleconferencing and support services. It does not include the value of the information transported. Also
included are cellular telephone services, Internet backbone services and on-line access services, including provision
of access to the Internet;
(ii) construction covers work performed on construction projects and installation by employees of an enterprise in
locations outside the territory of the enterprise (the one-year rule to determine residency is to be applied flexibly). In
addition goods used by construction companies for their projects are included which implies that the “true” services
component tends to be overestimated;
(iii) insurance services covers the provision of various types of insurance to non residents by resident insurance
enterprises, and vice versa, for example, freight insurance, direct insurance (e.g. life) and reinsurance;
(iv) financial services covers financial intermediation and auxiliary services provided by banks, stock exchanges, factoring
enterprises, credit card enterprises, and other enterprises;
(v) computer and information services is subdivided into computer services (hardware and software related services
and data processing services), news agency services (provision of news, photographs, and feature articles to the
media), and other information provision services (database services and web search portals);
(vi) royalties and licence fees, covering payments and receipts for the use of intangible non-financial assets and
proprietary rights, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, industrial processes, and franchises;
(vii) other business services, comprising trade-related services, operational leasing (rentals), and miscellaneous
business, professional and technical services such as legal, accounting, management consulting, public relations
services, advertising, market research and public opinion polling, research and development services, architectural,
engineering, and other technical services, agricultural, mining and on-site processing; and
165
(viii) personal, cultural, and recreational services is subdivided into two categories, (i) audiovisual services and (ii) other
cultural and recreational services. The first component includes services and fees related to the production of
motion pictures, radio and television programmes, and musical recordings. Other personal, cultural, and recreational
services includes services such as those associated with museums, libraries, archives, and other cultural, sporting,
and recreational activities.
Coverage and comparability
With the implementation of BPM5, the coverage and comparability of services trade data have improved over time.
However, given that these improvements have been made gradually, they also resulted in a number of breaks in series
and are subject to significant distortions.
First, some countries do not collect statistics for certain service categories. Second, some service transactions are
simply not registered. If central bank records are used, situations where no financial intermediaries are employed are
not counted. In the case of surveys, the coverage of trading establishments is often incomplete. A particularly serious
problem is that services transmitted electronically are frequently unregistered as well as when the transactions take
place within multinational corporations. Third, statistics may be reported on a net rather than on a gross basis, often as
a result of compensation arrangements such as in rail transport or in communication services. Fourth some services
transactions may be difficult to capture. It is often easier for compilers to collect more complete and reliable information
on trade in services exports rather than on imports given the large number and diversity of importers compared to that
of exporters, e.g. financial services, computer services. Fifth, some particular service transactions may not be classified
to the appropriate BPM5 services classification. Methodologies to build estimates for certain service categories may
also differ between economies, notably due to the continuing efforts to improve these statistics. Some economies have
made progress in the estimation of insurance services to take into account premium supplements and claim volatility (i.e.
in the case of catastrophic events). Sixth, the alternate sources used for countries which are not members of the IMF
METADATA
do not necessarily comply with the IMF concepts and definitions. Seventh, misclassification of transactions may lead
to an underestimation of commercial services when service transactions are registered as income, transfers or trade in
merchandise rather than trade in services or, conversely, to an overestimation of commercial services when transactions
IV pertaining to income, transfers or official transactions are registered in the private service categories.
These distortions may be particularly significant at the detailed level, i.e., for a detailed service category, and may
lead to considerable asymmetries between countries’ reported trade flows by origin and destination.
The estimation of world trade by services components has been based on reported economy data as shown in the
following table:
Table IV.3
Number of economies reporting Balance of Payments services components for 2007
Exports Imports
Total commercial services 176 177
Transportation services 160 163
Travel 162 162
Other commercial services 159 161
Communications services 141 141
Telecommunications services 99 97
Construction 91 106
Insurance services 137 151
Financial services 109 116
Computer and information services 101 116
Computer services 69 77
Royalties and license fees 98 124
Other business services 140 142
Personal, cultural, and recreational services 92 95
Audiovisual and related services 62 63
First, total trade in commercial services from each of the seven regions is aggregated from the individual economy
figures published. The breakdown of these data is then applied to missing countries before aggregating regional and
world totals. Tables on major traders are based on reported data only.
166
Bilateral trade
As from 2007, available reporters’ bilateral trade with the European Union refers to the EU(27).
Intra-trade of the European Union
The principal source for trade in commercial services are the IMF’s Balance-of-Payments statistics. Intra-EU trade
figures have been estimated from statistics included in the New Cronos database, July 2009.
2.2.2 Foreign affiliates trade in services statistics
The new statistical framework on Foreign Affiliates Trade in Services (FATS) statistics is developed in the Manual
on Statistics of International Trade in Services. The acronym FATS is also used for “foreign affiliates statistics”. Both refer
to the same statistical framework, the former focusing on services trade. It analyses the universe of foreign affiliates for
which foreign investors own more than 50 per cent of the voting power or equity interest. Depending on the compiler’s
view, one can distinguish inward FATS, that is, activities of foreign-owned affiliates in the compiling economy, or, outward
FATS, that is, foreign affiliates of the compiling economy active abroad. Variables such as sales, value added, number
of employees, etc. are used to describe the affiliates’ activities. These variables are broken down by country of origin or
destination of investments and also by type of primary activity. Australia and the United States also provide a breakdown
of sales into total goods and total services products. FATS statistics are currently available mainly for OECD and a
small number of non-OECD economies. However, given the recent development of these statistics, comparability and
coverage of individual economy data may not always be complete. Availability of detailed data and long-time series varies
considerably between economies. From a GATS perspective, the size of mode 3 in a given country can be approximated
through the sales of foreign-owned affiliates.
METADATA
2.3 Other definitions and methods
2.3.1. Annual changes IV

Throughout this report, average annual percentage changes are analogous to compound interest rates. In calculating
the average annual rate of change between 2000 and 2008, for example, data for calendar year 2000 were taken as the
starting point, and data for calendar year 2008 as the end point.
2.3.2 Prices
Commodity price movements are primarily described by indices largely based on spot market prices, and
therefore exclude transactions governed by longer-term contracts. Price indices for such commodities as food,
beverages, agricultural raw materials, minerals, non-ferrous metals, fertilizers and crude petroleum are obtained from
IMF International Financial Statistics. Aggregates for all primary commodities and for non-fuel primary commodities are
calculated using IMF weights (Appendix table A33).
Export and import prices by commodity group of Germany, Japan and the United States are sourced from national
statistics. Aggregates are calculated by weighting the countries’ price indices with the respective export and import
values of the previous year (Appendix tables A34 and A35).
2.3.3 World merchandise trade indices
The volume and unit value indices are taken from a range of different international and national sources. The
reported volume and unit value indices may not always be available for the most recent years or may differ in product
coverage from the corresponding value indices.
Aggregation of the indices to obtain a world total is a two-tier process. First, export and import unit values from
national and international sources are completed with Secretariat estimates for missing data. They are then aggregated
to obtain regional totals. The volume index for each region is obtained by dividing the respective trade value index for
each region by the corresponding regional unit value index.
Second, to obtain the total world merchandise volume index, regional unit value indices are aggregated and the
167
world trade value is deflated by the world unit value index. Throughout the aggregation process trade values of the
previous year are used as weights.
2.3.4 World production
Production of agriculture (including hunting, forestry and fish), mining and manufacturing is defined according to
major Categories A, B, C and D of the International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities Revision
3 (ISIC). World production in these sectors is estimated by combining production indices published by the FAO, OECD,
UNIDO and UNSD. The world index is derived through aggregation of the three sectors by using value added shares in
2000 as weights.
2.3.5 World gross domestic product
World GDP growth is estimated as a weighted average of economies’ real GDP growth. The weights used are
shares of economies in 2000 world nominal GDP converted to dollars at market exchange rates.
The use of official exchange rates which are not market-based for some major economies, together with the
fluctuations of the United States dollar vis-à-vis major currencies, can have a significant impact on the weighting pattern.
The increasing use of weights based on purchasing power parities (PPP) by other international organizations is meant
to attenuate “anomalies” linked to these factors. In a period of widely diverging growth rates among countries and
regions, the choice of the weighting pattern can have a marked influence on the global growth estimate. For the 2000-
2008 period, global growth estimates based on PPP-weights indicate a significantly faster growth than estimates using
weights based on GDP data measured at market exchange rates. This is because of differences in the two weighting
patterns. Relative to weights based on GDP at market exchange rates, PPP weights are low for the transition economies
METADATA
- especially the successor States of the former USSR with a poor growth record, and high for major developing countries
(in particular China) with above average growth.
IV 2.3.6 Re-exports and re-imports
Under the system of general trade adopted in this report, re-exports are included in total merchandise trade (see
Section II.1).
However, in the case of Hong Kong, China, the magnitude of its re-exports (amounting in 2008 to $353 billion),
if included in regional or world aggregates, would adversely affect the analytical value of the statistics by introducing
a significant element of double counting. Therefore, Hong Kong, China’s re-exports are excluded from the world and
from Asia aggregates (unless otherwise indicated); only Hong Kong, China’s domestic exports and retained imports are
included in the totals. For this reason, the figures for world exports and for exports of Asia shown in Appendix tables
A2 and A10 are smaller than those in Appendix table A6. When retained imports are not published, an approximation is
made on the basis of re-export values.
China reports imports from China (re-imports), a trade flow which accounted for 8.2 per cent ($92.3 billion) of
its total merchandise imports in 2008. These imports consist of products which have been produced in China and
thereafter temporarily exported. The product structure of China’s imports from China indicates that in absolute terms
office and telecom equipment is the largest category ($47.5 billion) in this particular trade flow. The share of re-imports
is particularly large in the imports of telecommunications equipment (38.3 per cent), EDP and office equipment (34.4 per
cent), electrical machinery (26.0 per cent) and in textiles (19.1 per cent). Further information on these imports is provided
in Box 2 of the International Trade Statistics 2005.
168
3. Specific notes for selected economies
3.1 Merchandise trade statistics of the European Union

Beginning with the 2002 report, EU data compiled according to national statistical practices have been replaced,
starting 1993, with data compiled by Eurostat in accordance with EU legislation. The concepts and definitions adopted
by the EU are in line with the United Nations’ International Trade Statistics, Concepts and Definitions, Series M, N° 52,
Revision 2. As a result, the conceptual differences between EU member states’ data have been substantially reduced.
Moreover, for the EU as a whole, Eurostat data are more timely than the previous source, thus reducing substantially the
amount of estimation included in the EU aggregate.
Since January 1993, statistics on the trade between the member states of the EU have been collected through the
“Intrastat” system (see GATT 1994, International Trade Trends and Statistics). The coverage of this system, which relies
on reports submitted by firms for transactions above a minimum value, is not as wide as the previous one, which was
based on customs declarations. This is particularly noticeable on the import side. For example, prior to the adoption of the
Intrastat system, reported intra-EU imports (c.i.f.) closely matched reported intra-EU exports (f.o.b.). However, from 1993
onwards, the reported value of intra-EU imports has been on average around 3 per cent lower than the value of intra-EU
exports, indicating a substantial under-reporting of intra-EU imports. As a result of this inconsistency, the Secretariat
has substituted intra-EU exports data for intra-EU imports at the aggregate EU level when estimating regional and world
totals. However, this adjustment is not allocated between EU member countries. Hence, the sum of reported imports
of individual EU members does not add to the figure for EU imports as a whole. This adjustment is also reflected in the
volume estimates for the EU as a whole.
METADATA
3.2 Trade of South Africa with SACU (South African Customs Union)
South Africa’s merchandise exports (and imports) exclude shipments to (from) other SACU members (Botswana,
Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland). Partner statistics indicate that South African shipments amount to 80 percent of these
countries’ total merchandise imports in 2002. This share – most likely – increased thereafter and represents an important
IV
trade flow for the African region. If South Africa’s exports would be adjusted for these shipments to SACU members, its
total exports would increase by about $5 billion in 2008 and intra-African trade would be substantially higher, with intra-
SACU trade being the largest intra trade flow for regional trade agreements in Africa.
3.3 Major breaks in data continuity of merchandise trade

Beginning 2003, Singapore includes merchandise trade with Indonesia.
With respect to the Russian Federation, considerable uncertainty remains about the accuracy of foreign trade
statistics, especially as regards imports. A large proportion of the reported data on imports consists of official estimates
of inflows of goods which enter the economy without being registered by the customs authorities. Such adjustments to
import data accounted for 9 per cent of the officially reported totals in 2008; and, on the export side, for about 1 per cent
of total reported exports.
Merchandise trade flows between the European Union member States include trade associated with fraudulent VAT
declaration, which concerns mainly office and telecommunications equipment. Between 2006 and 2007, intra-EU
merchandise trade statistics have been particularly affected by a considerable reduction in this fraudulent trade in the
United Kingdom.
3.4 Trade in services of the United States

Over recent years the United States Bureau of Economic Analysis has continuously improved its trade in commercial
services estimates.
The latest major revision (in 2008) is the compilation of trade in commercial services covering affiliated as well as
unaffiliated trade for individual services items (previously affiliated trade data for a number of other commercial services
items where grouped under a single heading in US statistics). A number of changes in terms of content were also
introduced. Beginning with 2006 and continuing with 2007 surveys of transactions in selected services and transactions
169
in financial services, transactions with affiliated and unaffiliated persons are collected on the same form and in the same
detail. This in particular reduces the potential for duplicate reporting or omissions. It is important to note that given this
major revision, some time series were significantly revised and for some other detailed services items, including both
affiliated and non affiliated trade, data are not available prior to 2006.
Another major revision was introduced in 2003, when the United States revised its methodology for estimating
trade in insurance services. The new methodology measures insurance services as premiums less normal claims. Normal
claims comprise two components: “regularly occurring claims” that are calculated as an average of all claims paid during
the previous six years, and a share of “catastrophic claims” that is added-on to “regularly occurring claims” in equal
increments over the two decades following their event.
As comprehensive data collection on insurance services started in 1986, the first six-year average of “regularly
occurring claims” could only be calculated for 1992. As a result, time series on trade in insurance services, and
consequently on other commercial services, have been revised back to 1992. To complete the 2003 revision, in 2004 the
United States added to insurance services an estimate of premium supplements (or income earned on technical reserves
of insurance companies). Insurance companies provide financial protection to policy holders through the pooling of risk
and provide financial intermediation services through the investment of reserves. The income is treated as accruing to
the policy holders who pay it back to the insurers as supplements to premiums to cover the full cost of insurance. The
investment income of insurance companies is not output in and of itself; it is used to impute the value of the implicit
component of insurance services attributable to financial intermediation.
3.5 Travel exports and transportation services exports and imports of Japan
In order to enhance the coverage of estimates of travel exports and imports, the Bank of Japan and the Japanese
Ministry of Finance reviewed their compilation methodology, notably by including results from a new expenditure survey
METADATA
of foreign travellers as of 2003. This revision had a major impact on the estimates for travel exports. This methodology
was reviewed in 2007 based on the results of a new survey (International Travelers’ Survey on Expenditures) which are
used in the new compilation method to directly estimate the amounts spent by travelers to pay for goods and services.
IV This applies to exports and imports data as from 2006. In order to maintain consistent growth rates, data shown in this
report for Japanese 1995-2005 travel trade and trade in commercial services include provisional Secretariat estimates
referring to the new compilation methodology (i.e. after January 2006) applied by the Japanese authorities and therefore
they differ from 1995-2005 figures available elsewhere.
Data shown for transportation services in this report are consistent with revised 1996-2004 data published in 2006
by the Bank of Japan (based on a new methodology for measuring sea freight fares).
3.6 Trade in other commercial services of India

In the course of 2004, the Reserve Bank of India released new data following the introduction of a new
reporting system to improve the coverage of Indian trade in services statistics (mainly affecting the item other business
services).
3.7 Trade in commercial services of United Arab Emirates

Commercial services trade statistics of United Arab Emirates only cover transportation and travel.
3.8 Trade in commercial services of Nigeria

New data from 2005 compiled on the basis of BPM5 recommendations were released by the Bank of Nigeria in
2007. This results in a break in series for Nigerian data in 2005.
3.9 Trade in commercial services of South Africa

In 2006 the Reserve Bank of South Africa improved its commercial services estimates, and revised its data back to
2001 (resulting in a break in series for that year).
170
3.10 Trade in other commercial services of Bahrain
New data compiled from 2004 for other commercial services items, resulting in a break in series for that year.
3.11 Trade in other commercial services of Oman

In 2008 new data compiled (new national data from new survey of corporate firms in 2007) for other commercial
services items, resulting in a break in series for 2005 for exports and 2003 for imports.
METADATA
IV
171
4. Statistical sources
Most frequently used sources for statistics are:
EUROSTAT, Comext and New Cronos databases

FAO, FAOSTAT Agriculture database
FAO, Production Yearbook
GTIS, Global Trade Atlas database
IMF, Balance of Payments Statistics
IMF, International Financial Statistics
IMF, World Economic Outlook database
OECD, Main Economic Indicators
OECD, Measuring Globalisation: The Role of Multinationals in OECD Economies
OECD, Monthly Statistics of International Trade
OECD, National Accounts
OECD, Statistics on International Trade in Services
OECD/IEA, Energy Prices & Taxes
UNECE, Economic Survey of Europe
UNECLAC, Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean
UNIDO, National Accounts Statistics Database
UNSD, Comtrade database (for OECD members the UNSD-OECD Joint Trade Data Collection and Processing
system)
UNSD, International Trade Statistics Yearbook
METADATA
UNSD, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics

World Bank, World Development Indicators
IV
These sources are supplemented by national publications and other international databases and Secretariat
estimates.
Figures for total merchandise trade are largely derived from IMF, International Financial Statistics. Data on
merchandise trade by origin, destination and product are mainly obtained from Eurostat’s Comext database, the Global
Trade Atlas and UNSD’s Comtrade database. Some inconsistencies in the aggregate export and import data for the same
country or territory between sources are inevitable. These can be attributed to the use of different systems of recording
trade, to the way in which for example IMF and UNSD have converted data expressed in national currencies into dollars,
and revisions which can be more readily incorporated in the IMF data.
Statistics on trade in commercial services are mainly drawn from the IMF Balance of Payments Statistics. For
economies that do not report to the IMF (e.g., Chinese Taipei) data are drawn from national sources. Estimations for
missing data are mainly based on national statistics. Statistics on trade in commercial services by origin and destination
are also derived from national statistics.
GDP series in current dollars are mainly derived from the World Bank World Development Indicators, supplemented
in some cases with statistics from the IMF World Economic Outlook database.
Acknowledgements are due to the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Statistical Office of the European Communities, the
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the
Caribbean, the United Nations Statistics Division, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, the World
Intellectual Property Organization and the World Bank whose assistance in supplying advance information has greatly
facilitated the work of the Secretariat. Acknowledgements are also due to national institutions for providing advance
statistics.
Closing date for merchandise trade statistics (Customs basis) and commercial services (Balance of Payments
basis) is 15 July 2009. For foreign affiliates trade in services statistics the closing date is 31 August 2009.
172
Appendix
Table A1
World merchandise exports, production and gross domestic product, 1950-2008
(Index, 2000=100)
Value Volume
Exports Exports Production GDP
Fuels and Fuels and

Agricultural mining Agricultural mining
Total a products products Manufactures Total a products products Manufactures Total Agriculture Mining Manufacturing
1950 1 5 1 0 5 17 12 2 14 29 25 10 15
1951 1 7 1 1 5 18 13 3 15 30 27 11 16
1952 1 6 2 1 5 18 15 3 16 31 28 11 16
1953 1 6 2 1 6 19 16 3 17 32 29 12 17
1954 1 6 2 1 6 19 17 3 17 33 29 12 18
1955 1 6 2 1 7 21 18 4 19 34 32 14 19
1956 2 6 2 1 7 21 19 4 20 35 34 15 20
1957 2 7 2 1 8 23 21 4 20 35 34 15 20
1958 2 7 2 1 8 24 20 4 20 38 34 15 20
1959 2 7 2 1 9 27 21 5 22 39 35 17 22
1960 2 7 2 1 10 28 26 5 23 40 38 18 23
1961 2 7 3 1 10 30 27 6 24 40 41 19 24
1962 2 7 3 2 11 30 28 6 26 42 44 21 25
1963 2 8 3 2 12 31 30 7 28 43 46 22 27
1964 3 9 3 2 13 32 32 8 30 45 49 25 28
1965 3 9 4 2 14 34 33 9 32 45 51 27 30
1966 3 9 4 2 15 35 35 9 34 46 54 29 32
1967 3 9 4 3 16 36 39 10 36 48 55 31 33
1968 4 10 5 3 18 38 44 12 38 49 59 33 35
1969 4 10 5 3 20 40 46 13 40 49 61 35 37
1970 5 12 6 4 22 41 52 15 42 51 65 37 39
1971 6 12 7 5 24 42 53 16 44 52 68 39 41
1972 7 15 8 5 25 45 56 18 46 52 70 42 43
1973 9 22 11 7 29 46 62 20 50 55 74 46 46
1974 13 26 25 10 30 43 61 22 51 56 75 47 47
1975 14 27 24 10 28 44 54 21 50 58 71 45 47
APPENDIX
1976 16 30 28 12 31 47 57 24 54 58 77 49 50
1977 18 34 31 14 33 49 59 25 56 60 79 51 52
1978 21 38 32 16 34 52 62 26 58 62 80 54 54
1979 26 47 47 20 36 55 66 28 60 63 87 56 56
1980 32 54 67 23 37 58 62 29 60 63 85 57 58
1981 32 53 65 23 36 61 55 30 60 65 78 57 59
1982 30 49 58 22 36 60 52 30 59 67 73 56 60
1983 29 48 53 22 37 60 52 31 61 67 72 58 62
1984 31 51 53 24 40 62 54 35 64 71 75 62 64
1985 31 48 51 25 41 61 54 36 66 73 74 64 67
1986 34 53 39 30 42 60 58 38 68 74 76 66 69
1987 39 61 43 36 45 64 59 40 71 75 77 69 71
1988 45 69 44 42 48 65 63 44 74 76 81 73 75
1989 48 72 50 45 52 67 66 47 77 79 85 75 78
1990 54 76 58 51 54 68 69 50 78 81 86 76 79
1991 55 76 55 53 56 70 72 52 77 81 85 75 80
1992 59 82 54 57 58 74 75 54 77 83 86 75 81
1993 59 78 52 57 61 75 77 56 77 83 88 75 82
1994 67 91 55 66 66 81 82 63 79 86 89 77 84
1995 80 107 63 79 71 85 85 68 83 88 91 81 86
1996 84 109 72 82 75 89 89 72 86 91 94 84 88
1997 87 108 74 86 82 94 95 80 90 94 97 89 91
1998 85 103 59 88 86 95 97 84 92 95 98 91 93
1999 89 99 68 91 90 96 97 88 95 98 96 94 96
2000 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
2001 96 100 90 96 100 102 99 100 99 102 100 98 101
2002 101 106 91 101 103 105 101 103 100 103 100 100 103
2003 117 124 113 117 109 109 107 109 104 106 104 103 106
2004 143 142 151 142 120 113 113 122 110 111 108 110 110
2005 163 154 210 155 127 119 117 131 114 113 110 114 114
2006 188 171 268 176 138 127 122 144 118 115 111 120 118
2007 218 205 309 203 147 133 126 155 120 118 111 122 122
2008 250 243 411 223 149 137 126 159 120 121 112 121 124
a Includes unspecified products.

173
Table A.1 (continued)
World merchandise exports, production and gross domestic product, 1950-2008
Value Volume
Exports Exports Production GDP
Fuels and Fuels and

Agricultural mining Agricultural mining
Total a products products Manufactures Total a products products Manufactures Total Agriculture Mining Manufacturing
1950-63 7.4 3.7 8.5 10.1 7.7 4.5 7.2 8.6 5.2 2.9 4.8 6.6 4.7
1964 11.8 6.9 11.8 15.0 10.9 5.4 8.8 14.9 9.1 4.8 8.6 10.0 7.2
1965 8.3 4.3 7.1 10.9 6.6 5.1 3.2 7.4 5.6 0.0 3.9 9.1 4.1
1966 9.2 4.1 9.8 10.8 7.7 3.7 6.2 10.3 6.6 3.4 5.1 8.3 6.5
1967 5.2 -0.2 5.7 7.7 5.7 2.4 10.3 4.7 4.9 3.3 2.4 5.1 3.7
1968 11.0 4.1 14.2 14.9 10.8 5.7 12.0 17.9 5.9 3.2 7.1 7.3 5.9
1969 14.2 6.9 9.2 16.5 12.2 5.4 6.0 16.5 5.6 0.0 2.2 8.0 6.7
1970 14.6 10.6 13.6 15.4 8.7 3.1 12.4 8.7 5.3 3.1 7.5 5.3 5.1
1971 11.7 7.4 11.3 13.7 7.0 2.0 1.0 9.0 5.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 4.4
1972 18.3 20.3 14.1 19.4 8.4 6.9 6.9 10.1 4.8 0.0 2.9 6.7 5.6
1973 38.4 45.5 47.4 34.1 12.1 0.9 10.2 14.2 8.2 4.9 6.5 9.8 6.9
1974 44.9 21.7 122.9 31.3 5.4 -4.5 -1.7 8.8 2.5 1.9 1.8 3.3 2.1
1975 4.3 1.0 -4.0 8.8 -7.3 1.0 -12.0 -4.0 -1.6 3.6 -6.0 -3.9 1.4
1976 13.1 10.5 16.3 12.8 11.8 7.5 6.8 12.6 6.7 0.9 8.3 8.2 5.1
1977 13.7 13.5 10.6 14.7 4.2 3.5 2.7 5.0 3.9 2.6 3.4 4.5 4.2
1978 15.8 13.3 3.7 21.6 4.7 6.8 5.3 5.9 4.5 3.4 0.8 5.1 4.6
1979 27.0 24.4 47.0 21.3 5.2 4.8 5.9 5.0 3.6 0.8 8.9 4.1 4.0
1980 22.4 13.8 41.8 15.9 2.3 6.8 -6.3 5.9 -0.7 0.9 -2.6 0.7 2.9
1981 -1.2 -1.9 -3.2 -0.7 -0.6 5.0 -9.9 4.0 0.1 3.6 -7.9 0.2 2.0
1982 -6.4 -7.5 -10.6 -3.6 -2.2 -2.0 -5.8 -2.1 -1.0 3.2 -6.9 -1.4 0.8
1983 -2.0 -1.4 -8.0 0.5 2.6 0.2 -0.9 5.1 2.2 0.1 -0.9 3.1 2.9
1984 5.9 5.3 -0.9 8.1 8.4 2.8 4.8 10.8 6.5 5.3 3.8 7.2 4.6
1985 -0.3 -5.7 -3.2 3.8 2.6 -1.2 -1.2 4.8 2.8 2.4 -1.1 3.4 3.5
1986 9.4 11.1 -23.8 20.3 4.0 -1.7 9.1 4.1 2.8 1.8 3.0 3.1 3.4
1987 17.4 14.9 11.0 19.7 5.5 5.6 1.7 6.3 3.5 1.0 1.3 4.4 3.7
1988 13.7 13.1 0.9 16.1 8.5 2.7 5.6 9.5 4.9 1.7 5.3 5.7 4.5
1989 7.8 4.3 15.5 6.9 6.4 3.1 4.4 7.8 3.5 3.4 4.5 3.4 3.8
1990 12.9 4.7 16.2 14.4 3.9 0.7 5.7 5.5 1.3 2.5 1.0 1.0 2.5
1991 1.5 0.8 -6.2 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.3 3.6 -0.4 0.4 -0.5 -0.6 0.8
1992 6.7 7.1 -0.9 8.0 4.8 6.0 4.3 4.7 0.1 2.3 0.8 -0.5 1.1
APPENDIX
1993 0.0 -4.1 -3.5 0.0 4.4 1.0 3.5 4.1 -0.1 0.6 2.0 -0.6 0.9
1994 13.6 15.8 5.1 15.6 9.3 8.7 6.7 11.1 2.8 2.9 1.6 2.9 2.2
1995 19.4 17.7 15.2 20.0 7.4 4.6 3.6 9.0 4.6 2.1 2.2 5.5 2.3
1996 4.6 2.5 14.2 3.5 5.1 3.9 3.9 5.3 3.5 4.3 2.7 3.5 3.3
1997 3.4 -1.3 2.7 4.6 10.1 5.9 7.1 11.0 4.9 2.4 3.3 5.7 3.4
1998 -1.5 -4.6 -20.6 2.3 4.6 1.5 2.5 4.8 2.2 1.6 1.1 2.4 2.1
1999 3.9 -3.7 15.6 3.3 4.6 1.0 -0.7 5.1 3.1 3.3 -1.3 3.6 2.9
2000 12.9 1.0 46.4 10.3 10.8 4.0 3.5 13.6 5.2 1.9 3.7 6.2 4.2
2001 -4.1 0.3 -9.8 -3.7 -0.2 1.7 -0.9 -0.4 -1.1 1.6 -0.1 -1.9 1.5
2002 4.8 5.8 1.2 5.3 3.5 3.3 2.1 3.8 1.3 1.6 0.1 1.5 1.9
2003 16.9 16.5 23.3 15.8 5.6 3.6 5.3 5.9 3.6 2.7 3.6 3.8 2.6
2004 21.7 14.9 34.4 20.5 9.7 3.8 6.0 11.5 5.6 5.0 4.4 6.0 3.9
2005 13.9 8.2 38.6 9.8 6.5 5.8 3.8 7.3 3.6 2.0 1.7 4.3 3.3
2006 15.6 11.2 28.0 13.1 8.3 6.2 3.8 10.3 4.1 1.5 1.0 5.3 3.7
2007 15.6 19.8 15.1 15.3 6.2 5.0 3.4 7.6 1.6 2.5 0.1 1.7 3.5
2008 15.1 18.9 33.0 9.9 1.7 2.5 0.7 2.2 -0.4 2.8 1.1 -1.3 1.7

174
175
APPENDIX
Table A2
Network of world merchandise trade by region, 2006-2008
(Billion dollars)
South and
Destination World a North America C. America Europe CIS
United Other Russian

Origin Total States Total EU (27) Europe Total Federation
World 2006 11812.00 2365.19 1816.55 362.78 5137.32 4727.53 409.79 293.93 163.22
2007 13656.00 2517.69 1922.82 447.93 5971.19 5475.37 495.82 401.73 227.90
2008 15717.00 2708.31 2058.99 582.70 6735.57 6160.04 575.53 516.72 287.44
North America 2006 1664.08 902.39 528.41 106.22 276.20 249.52 26.68 8.26 5.52
2007 1840.30 951.60 555.06 129.52 325.28 291.01 34.26 12.17 8.51
2008 2035.68 1014.49 587.86 164.88 369.06 323.26 45.81 16.03 10.86
United States 2006 1025.97 364.92 . 87.25 235.84 212.72 23.11 7.06 4.70
2007 1148.20 385.42 . 105.35 272.46 244.17 28.30 10.50 7.28
2008 1287.44 413.15 . 134.98 311.08 271.81 39.27 13.82 9.33
South and Central America 2006 435.28 145.63 126.94 101.48 89.25 81.99 7.25 6.17 5.55
2007 497.60 149.71 130.80 122.87 105.70 96.51 9.19 6.56 5.79
2008 599.66 169.19 149.35 158.62 121.30 109.43 11.87 8.98 7.49
Europe 2006 4975.97 430.25 363.75 66.03 3667.21 3394.48 272.74 143.18 96.35
2007 5791.34 458.10 384.60 80.04 4262.83 3939.39 323.43 190.29 129.67
2008 6446.55 475.35 394.64 96.44 4695.03 4331.41 363.62 239.96 164.58
European Union (27) 2006 4591.18 393.03 334.37 61.48 3394.36 3135.56 258.80 131.66 89.90
2007 5338.69 419.30 354.29 74.17 3942.90 3638.02 304.89 174.47 120.83
2008 5898.44 434.71 362.67 88.99 4313.51 3973.53 339.99 218.34 153.16
Other Europe 2006 384.48 37.22 29.38 4.55 272.85 258.91 13.94 11.51 6.45
2007 452.65 38.79 30.31 5.87 319.92 301.37 18.55 15.81 8.84
2008 548.11 40.64 31.97 7.45 381.52 357.89 23.63 21.62 11.43
CIS 2006 430.91 23.86 21.20 5.74 257.40 215.65 41.74 79.42 21.48
2007 519.28 27.61 24.98 6.43 295.90 240.86 55.04 103.00 29.02
2008 702.76 36.12 32.78 10.05 405.55 338.41 67.14 134.67 35.52
Russian Federation 2006 303.55 20.54 18.66 4.28 193.73 164.53 29.20 43.38 .
2007 354.40 19.86 18.20 4.25 220.53 184.77 35.76 53.83 .
2008 471.60 26.91 25.14 5.26 297.79 254.92 42.87 71.15 .
APPENDIX
Africa 2006 369.66 83.31 75.69 10.02 155.71 143.06 12.65 0.65 0.50
2007 434.60 98.00 87.83 12.83 167.54 155.78 11.77 0.95 0.67
2008 557.81 121.65 105.31 18.50 218.11 202.22 15.89 1.47 0.91
Middle East 2006 661.32 74.60 71.43 3.84 91.15 79.40 11.74 6.45 1.31
2007 769.18 79.96 76.21 4.00 98.86 84.83 14.03 8.95 1.48
2008 1021.22 116.49 111.42 6.88 125.50 106.98 18.52 7.20 1.74
Asia 2006 3275.11 705.15 629.13 69.46 600.40 563.42 36.98 49.81 32.51
2007 3803.58 752.71 663.35 92.25 715.08 666.98 48.10 79.82 52.76
2008 4353.04 775.02 677.62 127.33 801.01 748.33 52.68 108.41 66.33
Japan 2006 646.73 164.72 145.47 12.00 100.69 94.00 6.69 8.30 7.05
2007 714.33 164.47 143.66 15.00 112.67 105.44 7.23 12.51 10.76
2008 782.05 158.14 137.39 19.22 119.35 110.24 9.10 19.27 16.49
China 2006 968.98 284.20 254.97 26.64 244.26 231.36 12.90 28.00 15.83
2007 1218.62 326.21 289.36 39.32 317.69 299.17 18.52 48.00 28.47
2008 1428.33 349.93 308.18 56.62 371.47 351.71 19.76 64.55 33.01
Australia & New Zealand 2006 145.85 13.08 10.54 1.76 19.63 18.79 0.84 0.73 0.60
2007 168.29 14.28 11.41 2.04 22.05 19.89 2.16 0.83 0.66
2008 217.84 15.86 13.32 3.27 25.11 23.55 1.56 1.51 1.10
Other Asia 2006 1513.56 243.15 218.14 29.07 235.82 219.26 16.55 12.79 9.03
2007 1702.34 247.76 218.93 35.88 262.67 242.49 20.19 18.48 12.87
2008 1924.83 251.10 218.74 48.23 285.08 262.83 22.25 23.07 15.73
176
Table A2 (continued)
Network of world merchandise trade by region, 2006-2008
(Billion dollars)
Middle
Africa East Asia Destination
South Australia/ Other Asia

Total Africa Other Africa Total Japan New Zealand Total China Other Origin
294.08 68.56 225.52 396.87 2833.94 542.54 147.79 2143.62 624.84 1518.78 2006 World
363.99 78.83 285.16 490.94 3294.22 613.61 171.47 2509.14 746.06 1763.08 2007
457.73 89.92 367.82 618.11 3903.39 708.55 205.54 2989.29 879.29 2111.78 2008
21.53 5.20 16.33 40.08 308.34 68.36 22.78 217.20 62.22 154.98 2006 North America
27.65 6.40 21.25 48.87 343.55 71.68 24.49 247.38 73.68 173.71 2007
33.62 7.55 26.06 60.18 375.51 77.66 27.93 269.92 81.55 188.37 2008
18.82 4.46 14.36 37.19 274.21 58.46 20.35 195.40 53.65 141.75 2006 United States
24.05 5.52 18.53 45.12 304.40 61.16 21.89 221.35 62.91 158.45 2007
28.77 6.49 22.28 55.00 329.41 65.14 24.75 239.51 69.71 169.80 2008
11.30 2.67 8.63 7.89 60.60 12.84 1.00 46.76 23.50 23.26 2006 South and Central America
13.72 3.16 10.56 9.12 79.82 15.86 1.43 62.53 33.99 28.54 2007
16.75 3.06 13.70 11.85 100.56 17.14 2.43 80.99 44.21 36.78 2008
121.02 25.93 95.09 129.37 368.74 62.25 31.83 274.66 84.91 189.75 2006 Europe
148.11 29.20 118.92 153.01 433.72 65.93 37.05 330.74 104.59 226.15 2007
185.51 31.12 154.39 188.59 486.46 69.12 43.60 373.74 122.90 250.84 2008
113.33 24.59 88.74 113.16 337.62 55.22 29.81 252.58 79.14 173.43 2006 European Union (27)
138.45 27.65 110.80 132.29 395.93 58.45 34.52 302.96 97.31 205.65 2007
171.85 28.94 142.91 156.12 440.55 60.36 40.68 339.50 113.67 225.82 2008
7.69 1.33 6.35 16.21 31.13 7.02 2.02 22.09 5.77 16.32 2006 Other Europe
9.66 1.54 8.12 20.72 37.79 7.48 2.53 27.77 7.28 20.50 2007
13.66 2.18 11.48 32.47 45.91 8.75 2.92 34.24 9.22 25.02 2008
5.00 0.04 4.96 13.09 44.92 6.47 0.08 38.36 20.92 17.45 2006 CIS
7.43 0.05 7.39 16.61 59.83 12.42 0.09 47.32 24.72 22.60 2007
10.49 0.18 10.31 24.99 76.75 13.35 0.20 63.20 31.19 32.01 2008
2.35 0.02 2.33 4.05 35.13 5.99 0.03 29.11 15.80 13.31 2006 Russian Federation
4.12 0.01 4.11 7.02 44.39 9.51 0.05 34.82 17.72 17.10 2007
5.33 0.04 5.29 8.62 54.90 11.99 0.09 42.83 21.43 21.40 2008
APPENDIX
34.20 7.45 26.75 9.15 68.78 11.82 1.81 55.14 25.45 29.69 2006 Africa
41.78 9.22 32.56 10.21 82.39 12.51 1.55 68.33 32.13 36.20 2007
53.44 11.65 41.79 14.00 113.86 17.28 2.44 94.14 47.91 46.23 2008
29.28 6.95 22.33 85.98 343.43 110.39 3.20 229.85 36.61 193.23 2006 Middle East
31.84 7.54 24.30 102.57 408.70 144.13 4.04 260.53 42.57 217.96 2007
36.60 11.28 25.32 122.10 568.86 172.14 5.46 391.25 75.05 316.20 2008
71.75 20.32 51.43 111.31 1639.13 270.41 87.09 1281.63 371.22 910.42 2006 Asia
93.45 23.26 70.19 150.54 1886.20 291.09 102.80 1492.31 434.38 1057.93 2007
121.32 25.07 96.25 196.40 2181.40 341.87 123.47 1716.06 474.71 1241.35 2008
8.68 4.06 4.62 19.17 322.16 . 14.58 307.57 111.52 196.05 2006 Japan
10.55 4.61 5.94 26.23 360.99 . 16.72 344.27 129.67 214.61 2007
12.52 4.63 7.89 34.02 406.24 . 19.83 386.41 144.39 242.03 2008
26.19 5.77 20.43 29.56 329.45 112.03 18.78 198.64 . 198.64 2006 China
36.52 7.43 29.09 43.98 405.32 124.80 24.68 255.84 . 255.84 2007
50.16 8.59 41.56 58.36 476.15 138.50 29.88 307.77 . 307.77 2008
3.66 1.86 1.81 5.38 99.32 26.72 11.33 61.27 16.61 44.66 2006 Australia & New Zealand
4.16 2.26 1.90 6.63 115.24 29.06 13.76 72.42 21.99 50.44 2007
4.77 2.24 2.53 8.80 155.24 45.14 15.03 95.07 29.15 65.91 2008
33.22 8.64 24.58 57.21 888.20 131.67 42.39 714.15 243.09 471.06 2006 Other Asia
42.23 8.97 33.26 73.71 1004.65 137.23 47.64 819.78 282.73 537.05 2007
53.87 9.61 44.27 95.21 1143.76 158.23 58.73 926.80 301.17 625.64 2008
a Includes unspecified destinations.

Note : For sources and methods see the Metadata.
177
Table A3
Merchandise trade of selected regional trade agreements, 2000-2008
(Billion dollars)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
European Union (27)

Total exports 2453 2469 2638 3149 3762 4065 4591 5339 5898
Intra-exports 1668 1677 1794 2166 2577 2756 3136 3638 3974
Extra-exports 785 792 843 983 1185 1310 1456 1701 1925
Total imports 2580 2549 2672 3214 3855 4222 4830 5603 6256
Intra-imports 1663 1673 1786 2156 2576 2754 3133 3638 3974
Extra-imports 917 877 886 1058 1278 1468 1697 1965 2282
NAFTA
Total exports 1225 1148 1106 1163 1320 1476 1664 1840 2036
Intra-exports 680 633 621 650 739 824 901 950 1013
Extra-exports 544 515 486 513 581 651 763 890 1022
Total imports 1687 1583 1604 1727 2012 2287 2545 2706 2911
Intra-imports 671 629 620 642 718 793 867 918 968
Extra-imports 1016 954 984 1085 1294 1494 1678 1788 1943
ASEAN
Total exports a 432 388 407 475 569 656 770 864 990
Intra-exports a 99 87 92 117 142 165 192 218 252
Extra-exports 333 301 315 358 427 491 578 645 738
Total imports a 381 347 367 412 514 603 688 775 937
Intra-imports a 86 77 84 101 125 151 174 194 229
Extra-imports 294 270 282 310 387 452 514 582 708
MERCOSUR
Total exports 85 88 89 106 136 164 190 224 278
Intra-exports 18 15 10 13 17 21 26 32 42
Extra-exports 67 73 79 93 119 143 164 191 237
Total imports 90 84 62 69 95 114 141 184 259
Intra-imports 18 16 11 13 18 22 26 34 45
Extra-imports 72 68 52 56 77 91 114 150 214
Andean Community
Total exports 26 25 26 30 39 51 65 77 94
Intra-exports 2 2 3 3 3 5 5 6 7
APPENDIX
Extra-exports 24 23 23 27 36 47 60 71 87
Total imports 25 27 28 31 37 46 56 71 93
Intra-imports 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 7 9
Extra-imports 22 25 25 27 33 41 50 64 85
a Excludes Singapore's trade with Indonesia in 2000-2001.
178
Table A4
Merchandise trade by selected groups of economies, 1998-2008
(Billion dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Exports
World a 5501.4 5712.2 6456.4 6191.2 6492.7 7585.8 9218.5 10489.4 12112.2 13987.2 16070.0
North America and Europe
EFTA 121.2 127.8 142.5 143.4 153.6 175.5 208.2 237.8 273.5 313.2 378.2
European Union (27) ... 2357.0 2452.6 2469.5 2637.6 3148.9 3762.4 4065.3 4591.2 5338.7 5898.4
NAFTA 1013.9 1070.6 1224.9 1147.5 1106.2 1162.9 1319.6 1475.8 1664.0 1840.3 2035.6
Andean Community 21.9 23.2 26.2 25.3 26.0 30.0 38.9 51.4 64.8 76.7 94.1
CACM 14.0 14.8 15.5 14.4 16.7 18.0 19.9 21.7 24.2 27.0 29.3
CARICOM 5.8 6.4 8.1 7.8 7.3 9.0 11.0 14.9 20.2 20.0 24.8
MERCOSUR 81.4 74.3 84.6 87.8 88.8 106.1 135.8 164.0 190.2 223.7 278.3
Africa
CEMAC 5.8 6.7 8.4 8.4 8.9 11.6 16.6 23.0 26.9 30.0 43.2
COMESA 21.9 22.6 30.8 28.0 28.6 37.5 49.2 66.1 81.8 98.4 126.1
ECCAS 10.9 12.7 17.2 16.0 18.5 22.5 32.0 49.4 61.3 77.3 114.6
ECOWAS 20.4 24.4 30.3 27.6 29.5 37.0 53.7 67.1 78.1 86.1 105.5
SADC 42.4 44.0 50.5 48.5 51.5 61.7 79.4 97.5 115.9 143.3 179.6
WAEMU 7.6 7.7 6.7 7.0 8.7 9.8 11.6 12.7 14.2 14.7 17.6
Middle East and Asia
ASEAN 331.1 362.1 432.0 387.6 407.4 474.8 568.9 656.0 769.6 863.7 990.2
GCC 96.0 118.2 176.0 160.2 167.9 212.7 285.2 397.6 480.7 558.9 751.8
SAPTA 52.6 55.0 64.2 64.4 70.8 84.0 105.2 132.6 158.1 186.9 223.5
Memorandum:
ACP 88.0 95.2 113.1 107.3 112.2 136.6 181.5 226.8 269.7 314.7 394.3
LDCs 25.6 28.8 36.3 36.1 40.4 46.1 61.3 83.4 103.9 128.7 173.5
WTO Members (153) a 5356.3 5550.1 6218.2 5971.5 6267.2 7306.4 8840.4 9979.8 11465.8 13218.8 15038.3
Imports
World a 5682.7 5921.2 6727.3 6485.4 6744.7 7864.5 9570.9 10857.1 12430.1 14273.4 16422.5
EFTA 120.1 116.5 119.5 119.3 124.3 143.1 168.0 187.0 211.8 248.2 278.7
European Union (27) ... 2419.1 2579.9 2549.4 2672.1 3214.2 3854.5 4221.7 4830.4 5602.6 6255.8
APPENDIX
NAFTA 1281.4 1425.7 1686.8 1582.7 1604.3 1726.6 2011.7 2287.4 2544.9 2705.5 2910.9
CACM 19.6 20.2 21.9 23.1 26.2 28.2 32.1 36.2 41.5 47.4 54.4
CARICOM 12.5 12.4 14.1 14.0 14.1 15.1 17.0 20.2 22.9 26.0 31.8
MERCOSUR 99.2 82.7 89.9 84.2 62.3 69.1 95.1 113.9 140.7 184.1 259.0
Africa
CEMAC 4.1 3.9 3.8 5.1 5.9 6.0 6.9 7.9 10.4 13.0 15.2
COMESA 40.5 37.1 35.5 36.5 35.6 39.8 51.2 64.7 75.3 94.6 119.9
ECCAS 7.7 7.9 7.9 9.6 11.2 13.5 15.2 19.3 23.0 31.1 42.1
ECOWAS 21.1 21.8 20.9 23.6 19.7 25.9 32.7 43.1 46.9 59.8 79.2
SADC 47.7 45.4 48.2 46.9 48.9 65.5 84.8 98.6 118.7 139.6 167.4
WAEMU 7.8 8.1 7.4 7.4 7.9 10.2 12.4 14.8 15.7 19.0 23.1
ASEAN 287.3 309.8 380.7 347.1 366.8 411.8 513.8 602.9 688.0 775.5 936.7
GCC 84.0 78.3 85.4 90.4 99.3 117.3 154.3 188.3 225.1 292.6 368.0
SAPTA 67.4 73.5 80.6 77.6 84.5 105.2 140.7 194.4 232.8 283.8 379.1
Memorandum:
ACP 110.2 108.1 113.7 117.0 115.3 141.0 175.8 215.4 253.9 301.4 370.5
LDCs 39.8 42.0 43.9 47.7 50.2 59.8 71.5 87.4 100.7 124.3 158.4
WTO Members (153) a 5532.4 5793.7 6581.5 6319.7 6566.6 7652.7 9285.2 10513.7 12025.1 13756.1 15753.0
a Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export.
179
Table A5
Trade in commercial services by selected groups of economies, 1998-2008
(Billion dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Exports
World 1340.8 1394.8 1481.3 1484.4 1596.4 1832.4 2220.7 2480.3 2816.9 3372.4 3777.9
EFTA 42.1 45.6 47.9 47.0 50.0 57.2 69.1 80.1 88.8 107.5 122.9
European Union (27) 611.7 629.6 643.3 667.1 735.5 879.5 1061.0 1165.6 1313.3 1586.6 1753.9
NAFTA 283.1 305.9 330.9 317.1 325.2 339.8 393.2 432.7 484.0 553.9 604.6
CACM 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 5.1 5.9 6.7 7.7 8.6
CARICOM 6.5 7.1 7.3 6.8 7.1 7.6 8.5 9.1 9.6 10.2 10.7
MERCOSUR 13.7 13.2 15.6 14.8 13.5 15.3 18.5 23.3 27.9 35.5 43.8
Africa
CEMAC 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2
COMESA 11.5 13.4 13.8 13.0 13.5 15.6 20.1 21.6 23.8 29.7 36.3
ECCAS 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.1
ECOWAS 2.8 2.9 3.7 3.8 4.8 6.1 6.4 I 6.6 7.9 11.1 ...
SADC 8.9 8.9 8.8 8.8 9.0 12.7 15.0 17.0 18.3 21.5 21.4
WAEMU 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.9 ...
ASEAN 57.4 62.8 68.0 67.3 74.0 78.5 104.1 116.0 135.4 169.6 180.1
GCC 9.1 9.9 9.9 10.6 11.0 12.8 16.0 21.3 29.2 33.6 ...
SAPTA 14.3 17.3 19.3 20.4 22.7 27.6 42.5 56.9 76.2 93.2 109.1
Memorandum:
ACP 26.2 28.0 29.2 29.0 30.4 37.1 42.4 49.8 54.3 64.1 67.9
LDCs 5.6 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.7 7.3 8.9 9.7 11.3 14.3 ...
WTO Members (153) 1311.8 1369.1 1453.6 1453.7 1558.7 1784.8 2164.4 2415.5 2741.5 3279.9 3660.8
Imports
World 1312.5 1365.0 1454.2 1473.2 1560.4 1781.3 2119.4 2352.3 2627.6 3113.9 3489.2
EFTA 30.6 31.0 30.5 32.0 35.0 40.3 49.3 58.5 61.9 75.1 83.0
European Union (27) 586.8 605.2 619.5 640.9 694.0 827.2 965.2 1050.6 1153.5 1371.6 1512.6
APPENDIX
NAFTA 216.4 237.6 268.2 264.2 270.9 291.7 335.9 365.9 408.7 446.7 479.3
CACM 3.3 3.6 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.3 7.1 7.8
CARICOM 4.0 4.1 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 5.2 5.7 6.2 6.8 7.2
MERCOSUR 26.2 23.2 25.8 25.2 19.2 20.7 23.5 31.0 36.7 46.8 58.9
Africa
CEMAC 3.3 3.2 3.4 4.1 4.2 4.5 5.9 6.7 7.7 9.5 11.0
COMESA 12.0 11.6 13.3 12.8 13.2 13.4 16.5 20.8 23.4 28.6 34.1
ECCAS 6.4 5.8 6.1 7.7 7.5 7.8 10.9 14.0 15.9 22.5 25.6
ECOWAS 8.0 7.3 6.6 8.2 8.7 10.6 11.7 I 12.5 15.6 22.5 ...
SADC 13.1 12.5 12.6 13.0 13.0 15.6 20.5 25.1 28.1 36.7 40.1
WAEMU 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.9 3.6 4.2 4.5 4.9 5.9 ...
ASEAN 66.5 74.9 86.6 88.6 93.5 103.6 124.5 137.9 155.8 181.9 202.6
GCC 24.5 24.3 26.7 24.2 25.8 29.7 38.0 49.1 63.7 88.4 ...
SAPTA 19.1 22.0 24.5 25.5 26.1 31.5 44.7 59.1 71.6 85.5 100.5
Memorandum:
ACP 34.7 32.9 33.5 35.9 36.8 42.1 51.1 60.1 70.0 89.9 99.6
LDCs 12.9 12.4 13.1 15.2 15.1 16.6 21.0 26.2 29.9 39.6 ...
WTO Members (153) 1278.7 1333.8 1417.4 1430.3 1507.8 1717.4 2040.4 2260.1 2521.3 2980.3 3325.7
180
Table A6
World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1998-2008
(Million dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
World a 5501000 5712000 6456000 6191000 6493000 7586000 9219000 10489000 12112000 13987000 16070000
North America 1013975 1070690 1224975 1147545 1106240 1162965 1319700 1475825 1664075 1840300 2035675
Canada 214327 238446 276635 259858 252394 272739 316762 360475 388091 420235 456464
Mexico 117460 136391 166367 158547 160682 165396 187980 214207 249961 271821 291729
United States 682138 695797 781918 729100 693103 724771 814875 901082 1025967 1148199 1287442
South and Central America 165800 166000 197800 190700 193100 221500 287900 359500 435300 497600 599700
Antigua and Barbuda 36 38 52 41 39 45 57 83 74 76 80
Argentina 26441 23333 26341 26543 25650 29566 34576 40351 46546 55779 70023
Bahamas 300 462 576 423 446 425 477 549 694 802 989
Barbados 252 264 272 259 242 250 278 359 441 474 395
Belize 172 186 218 169 169 205 213 208 274 267 310
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 17707 20963 33529 26667 26781 27230 39668 55716 65210 69165 93542
Bolivia 1104 1051 1230 1285 1299 1598 2146 2791 3875 4458 6448
Brazil 51140 48011 55086 58223 60362 73084 96678 118529 137807 160649 197942
Chile 16323 17162 19210 18272 18180 21664 32520 41267 58680 67666 66456
Colombia 10852 11576 13040 12290 11911 13080 16224 21190 24391 29991 37626
Costa Rica 5511 6577 5865 5021 5264 6102 6301 7026 8200 9337 9504
Cuba 1512 1496 1676 1661 1421 1688 2332 2319 3159 3998 3500
Dominica 63 54 53 44 43 40 42 42 41 37 40
Dominican Republic 4989 5137 5737 5276 5165 5471 5936 6145 6610 7160 6949
Ecuador 4203 4451 4927 4678 5042 6223 7753 10100 12728 14321 18511
El Salvador 2452 2510 2941 2864 2996 3128 3305 3418 3706 3984 4549
Grenada 35 36 48 43 38 42 32 28 25 33 31
Guatemala 2582 2398 2696 2466 | 4162 4459 5036 5381 6013 6898 7738
Guyana 484 523 498 478 487 513 593 553 588 698 799
Haiti 320 334 318 274 280 347 391 470 509 522 490
Honduras 2929 2777 3343 3423 3745 3754 4534 5048 5277 5594 6046
Jamaica 1312 1240 1304 1220 1114 1180 1402 1532 1983 2169 2703
Netherlands Antilles 1169 1451 2009 2398 1609 1161 | 521 608 695 676 1140
Nicaragua 573 545 645 589 561 605 756 866 1050 1225 1489
Panama 784 822 859 911 846 864 944 1018 1093 1164 1180
Paraguay 1014 741 869 990 951 1242 1627 1688 1906 2785 4434
Peru 5757 6113 7028 7013 7714 9091 12809 17368 23830 27882 31529
APPENDIX
Saint Kitts and Nevis 28 28 33 31 39 41 40 34 40 39 38
Saint Lucia 62 56 43 44 44 62 80 64 94 108 164
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 50 49 47 41 38 38 37 40 38 48 52
Suriname 436 342 399 403 469 638 874 997 1260 1359 1743
Trinidad and Tobago 2258 2804 4274 4280 3880 5178 6517 9942 14151 13396 16929
Uruguay 2771 2237 2295 2060 1861 2206 2931 3422 3989 4514 5949
Europe 2513200 2521770 2633985 2655665 2839425 3386535 4051100 4397005 4975965 5791340 6446555
Albania 208 351 258 307 340 448 605 658 798 1078 1355
Austria 64085 66061 67710 70751 78673 97146 118376 125182 136751 163620 180966
Belgium - 179152 188371 190349 216127 255617 306866 334400 366935 432087 475550
Belgium-Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - - -
Bosnia and Herzegovina 605 751 1069 1032 1005 1340 1793 2400 3323 4166 5064
Bulgaria 4300 3979 4852 5118 5733 7543 9932 11739 15064 18518 22470
Croatia 4517 4303 4432 4666 4904 6187 8024 8773 10377 12364 14112
Cyprus 1061 997 951 976 843 923 948 1465 1333 1394 1599
Czech Republic 25855 26556 29094 33324 38492 48702 68986 78110 94929 122498 146321
Denmark 49013 50296 51292 51705 57495 66512 77079 85121 92558 102654 116759
Estonia 3245 3017 3830 4015 4336 5622 | 5932 7716 9692 11010 12451
Finland 43752 42243 46102 43237 45145 53171 61520 65498 77206 90025 96455
France 320631 325526 327611 323379 331719 392039 452106 463428 495868 551882 605403
FYR Macedonia 1311 1191 1323 1158 1116 1367 1676 2041 2401 3356 3978
181
(Million dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Germany 543752 543539 551810 571645 615831 751560 909887 970914 1108107 1321214 1461853
Greece 10867 11070 11751 11352 10414 13382 15308 17278 20749 23580 25242
Hungary 23005 25032 28192 30436 34517 43094 55567 62936 75255 95400 107709
Iceland 1931 2004 1901 2019 2229 2381 2839 3091 3453 4772 5382
Ireland 64330 71239 77413 82835 88265 92755 104788 109657 108726 121543 124101
Italy 245801 235564 240518 244490 254427 299333 353782 373135 416875 499882 538028
Latvia 1810 1723 1868 2001 2285 2893 4009 5161 6155 8308 10112
Lithuania 3710 3004 3810 4583 5475 7162 | 9302 11807 14142 17144 23632
Luxembourg - 8203 8378 9759 10214 13297 16250 18797 22903 22415 25385
Malta 1834 1978 2453 1822 2028 2252 2517 2399 2796 3078 2797
Montenegro - - - - - - - - 813 905 784
Netherlands 213977 218579 233130 230855 244058 296012 357417 406372 463629 550755 633006
Norway 40402 45479 60058 59191 59662 68321 82527 103759 122208 136357 172517
Poland 28230 27359 31747 35998 41133 53762 75047 89437 110780 140146 168042
Portugal 24793 24541 24363 24108 25908 31757 35787 38150 43332 51515 55833
Romania 8300 8518 10412 11394 13877 17662 23553 27688 32458 40488 49393
Serbia - - - - - - - - 6428 8825 10972
Serbia and Montenegro 2858 1498 1723 1903 2275 2650 3979 5065 - - -
Slovak Republic 10724 10211 11832 12595 14405 21837 27745 31889 41851 58171 70962
Slovenia 9048 8560 8770 9267 10366 12766 16361 19248 23230 30102 34105
Spain 111973 104433 115251 116660 125687 156147 182623 192644 213717 253297 268339
Sweden 84767 84889 87132 75645 81499 102104 123267 130962 147793 168870 183356
Switzerland 78856 80300 80500 82144 91699 104822 122844 130930 147856 172078 200334
Turkey 26974 26588 27775 31334 36059 47253 63167 73476 85535 107272 132002
United Kingdom 273949 272167 285425 272715 280195 305627 347493 384477 448653 439091 458572
European Union (27) b ... 2356999 2452621 2469464 2637595 3148935 3762448 4065347 4591173 5338688 5898440
extra-EU(27) exports ... 728029 784819 792343 843379 983280 1185380 1309688 1455610 1700670 1924912
European Union (15) 2233600 2237500 2316260 2319485 2465660 2926460 ... ... ... ... ...
extra-EU(15) exports 822240 810215 870070 882840 943035 1108095 ... ... ... ... ...
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 106800 106460 145725 144315 153200 194595 265495 343705 430915 519285 702760
Armenia 221 232 294 343 505 686 723 974 985 1152 1069
Azerbaijan 605 929 1745 2314 2167 2592 3615 7649 13015 21269 30586
Belarus 7070 5909 7326 7451 8021 9946 13774 15979 19734 24275 32902
APPENDIX
Georgia 191 238 323 318 346 461 647 865 993 1240 1498
Kazakhstan 5334 5872 8812 8639 9670 12927 20093 27849 38250 47755 71172
Kyrgyz Republic 514 454 505 476 486 582 719 672 794 1135 1642
Moldova 630 465 472 568 644 790 985 1091 1052 1342 1591
Russian Federation 74884 75665 105565 101884 107301 135929 183207 243798 303551 354403 471603
Tajikistan 595 690 785 650 738 797 915 909 1399 1468 1406
Turkmenistan 590 1187 2506 2700 2850 3632 3870 4944 7155 7920 11920
Ukraine 12637 11582 14573 16265 17957 23067 32666 34228 38368 49296 67003
Uzbekistan 3530 3235 2817 2708 2513 3189 4280 4749 5617 8029 10369
Africa 106100 116700 148600 138800 144800 179400 239700 311200 369700 434600 557800
Algeria 10209 12525 22031 19133 18799 23163 31304 46002 54613 60163 79298
Angola 3543 5157 7921 6534 8328 9508 13475 24109 31862 44396 67100
Benin 407 422 392 374 448 541 569 578 735 875 1050
Botswana 2058 2644 2675 2510 2425 2810 3513 4425 4509 5161 4875
Burkina Faso 319 255 209 223 247 321 479 468 588 623 550
Burundi 65 54 50 39 30 38 47 58 58 53 57
Cameroon 1671 1601 1833 1749 1802 2283 2477 2861 3576 3604 4350
Cape Verde 10 11 11 10 11 13 15 18 21 19 32
Central African Republic 151 146 161 142 147 128 134 135 157 178 195
Chad 262 243 183 189 185 601 2191 3081 3408 3662 4650
Comoros 6 9 14 17 19 27 19 12 10 13 13
Congo 1365 1560 2489 2055 2280 2677 3433 4745 6066 5735 9050
182
(Million dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Congo, Dem. Rep. of 1422 809 824 901 1132 1374 1850 2190 2320 2650 3950
Côte d'Ivoire 4606 4661 3888 3946 5275 5788 6919 7697 8477 8476 10100
Djibouti 28 28 32 32 36 37 38 40 55 58 69
Egypt 3130 3559 | 5276 4825 5546 7408 9661 12912 16728 19224 23995
Equatorial Guinea 439 709 1097 1735 2117 2801 4599 7064 8207 10210 16300
Eritrea 28 21 37 19 52 7 11 11 11 15 17
Ethiopia 561 467 486 455 480 496 678 903 1040 1285 1602
Gabon 1916 2394 2598 2524 2409 3062 3728 5065 5450 6600 8700
Gambia 21 12 15 10 12 8 10 8 11 13 14
Ghana 1795 1720 1671 1716 1850 2324 2450 2802 3727 4195 5275
Guinea 693 636 666 731 709 609 744 853 1074 1145 1360
Guinea-Bissau 27 51 62 63 54 65 76 89 74 85 98
Kenya 2008 1747 1734 1944 2116 2411 2684 3420 3502 4081 4972
Lesotho 194 172 220 280 358 476 708 651 695 805 900
Liberia 425 469 329 | 128 176 109 104 131 158 200 242
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 6659 7947 13380 11014 9803 14647 20410 31358 39246 46970 63050
Madagascar 538 584 824 928 486 856 992 855 985 1237 1340
Malawi 431 453 379 449 407 525 483 509 543 710 770
Mali 556 571 545 725 874 928 976 1101 1550 1524 1650
Mauritania 387 358 355 355 332 318 440 625 1367 1430 1750
Mauritius 1645 1554 1557 1628 1801 1898 1993 2143 2329 2238 2399
Morocco 7153 7367 7432 7144 7849 8778 9925 11190 12744 15340 20145
Mozambique 230 263 364 703 810 1045 1504 1783 2381 2412 2653
Namibia 1232 1234 1320 1179 1072 1262 1827 2070 2647 2922 2804
Niger 334 287 283 272 279 352 437 489 523 710 880
Nigeria 9855 13856 20975 18045 17975 24031 38631 50467 58726 65600 80750
Rwanda 60 60 52 86 65 63 98 125 147 177 250
Sao Tome and Principe 5 2 3 3 5 7 5 7 8 7 11
Senegal 968 1027 920 1003 1067 1257 1509 1578 1594 1671 2350
Seychelles 122 145 194 216 228 274 291 340 380 360 390
Sierra Leone 7 6 13 29 49 92 139 158 231 245 220
Somalia 197 191 193 285 297 223 300 300 290 290 290
South Africa c 26362 26707 29983 29258 29723 36482 46146 51626 58175 69784 80782
Sudan 596 780 1807 1699 1949 2542 3778 4824 5657 8879 12050
APPENDIX
Swaziland 973 937 910 1054 1029 1638 1949 1770 1790 1880 1790
Tanzania 589 543 | 734 851 980 1216 1479 1679 | 1918 2227 3037
Togo 420 391 363 357 427 598 601 660 650 700 900
Tunisia 5738 5872 5850 6631 6874 8027 9685 10494 11694 15163 19319
Uganda 501 519 460 456 481 563 759 1017 1188 1686 2180
Zambia 1032 1063 892 985 930 981 1576 1810 3770 4619 | 5089
Zimbabwe 2111 1887 1925 1207 2012 1670 1887 1850 2000 2300 2150
Middle East 144500 182300 268000 239800 248200 302500 401400 542000 661300 769200 1021200
Bahrain 3270 4363 6195 5577 5794 6632 7558 10242 12200 13634 18150
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 13118 17128 28739 25689 24440 33750 41697 56252 77012 88733 113401
Iraq 5500 12800 20603 12872 12219 9711 17810 23697 30529 39590 59700
Israel 22993 25794 31404 29048 29347 31784 38618 42770 46789 54092 60825
Jordan 1802 1832 1899 2293 2770 3082 3883 4302 5204 5725 7785
Kuwait 9554 12164 19436 16203 15369 20678 28599 44869 56010 62672 87090
Lebanon 662 677 715 | 1093 1238 1813 2199 2337 2814 3574 4454
Oman 5508 7238 11319 11074 11172 11669 13342 18692 21585 24692 37719
Qatar 5030 7214 11594 10871 10978 13382 18684 25762 34051 42020 63830
Saudi Arabia 38822 50761 77583 68064 72453 93245 125997 180711 211306 234951 313440
Syrian Arab Republic 2890 3464 4634 5248 6536 5731 | 7378 8708 10919 11546 14300
United Arab Emirates 33837 36474 49835 48414 52163 67135 90997 117287 145587 180897 231550
Yemen 1496 2440 4079 3374 3684 3924 4676 6413 7316 7050 8977
183
(Million dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Asia a 1451100 1548300 1837300 1674400 1807700 2138300 2653200 3060100 3575000 4134900 4706300
Afghanistan 159 166 137 68 100 144 305 384 408 497 610
Australia 55893 56080 63870 63387 65033 70377 86565 106097 123437 141358 187259
Bangladesh 5121 5497 6389 6080 6149 6990 8305 9297 11802 12453 15357
Bhutan 108 116 103 106 113 133 183 258 414 674 521
Brunei Darussalam 2058 2579 3903 3640 3702 4421 5057 6249 7636 7668 11100
Cambodia 800 1129 1389 1500 1923 2118 2798 3092 3514 4089 4300
China 183712 194931 249203 266098 325596 438228 593326 761953 968978 1218623 1428332
Fiji 512 609 585 537 515 668 693 701 679 755 923
Hong Kong, China 174864 174403 202683 191066 201928 228708 265543 292119 322669 349386 370242
domestic exports 24588 22381 23536 20273 18328 19591 19978 20050 22765 18110 16958
re-exports 150276 152022 179147 170793 183600 209117 245565 272069 299904 331276 353284
India 33437 35667 42379 43361 49250 58963 76649 99616 120968 147034 177499
Indonesia 50370 51243 65403 57361 59166 64108 70767 86996 103527 118014 139278
Japan 387927 417610 479249 403496 416726 471817 565675 594941 646725 714327 782047
Kiribati 6 9 4 5 3 3 2 4 6 10 15
Korea, Republic of 132313 143686 172267 150439 162471 193817 253845 284419 325465 371489 422007
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 370 311 330 320 301 335 363 553 882 923 1095
Macao, China 2141 2200 2539 2300 2356 2581 2812 2476 2557 2543 1997
Malaysia 73305 84455 98229 88005 94058 104705 126511 140980 160676 176211 199516
Maldives 96 91 109 110 132 152 181 162 225 228 331
Mongolia 462 454 536 521 524 616 870 1065 1543 1889 2539
Myanmar 1077 1136 1646 2381 3046 2483 2380 3813 4589 6338 6937
Nepal 474 602 804 737 568 662 772 863 838 888 1050
New Caledonia 378 468 604 443 492 785 1033 1093 1352 2104 1361
New Zealand 12070 12455 13272 13730 14383 16527 20344 21730 22409 26931 30578
Northern Mariana Islands 1085 1062 1038 959 825 838 826 691 509 329 115
Pakistan 8514 8424 9028 9238 9913 11930 13379 16051 16930 17838 20323
Palau 11 7 12 17 20 8 6 13 14 11 7
Papua New Guinea 1772 1875 2096 1805 1641 2207 2552 3273 4166 4681 5721
Philippines 29414 36576 39783 32664 35208 36231 39681 41255 47410 50466 49025
Samoa 15 20 14 15 14 15 11 12 11 15 11
Singapore 109895 114680 137804 121751 125177 | 159902 198637 229649 271807 299298 338176
APPENDIX
domestic exports 63381 68682 78703 66172 66836 86419 106663 124546 143176 156028 175702
re-exports 46514 45998 59101 55579 58341 | 73483 91974 105103 128631 143270 162474
Solomon Islands 118 126 69 47 58 74 97 103 121 168 190
Sri Lanka 4809 4594 5430 4816 4699 5125 5757 6347 6886 7740 8450
Taipei, Chinese 112467 123626 151357 125900 135080 150298 182432 198432 224017 246677 255629
Thailand 54456 58440 69057 64968 68108 80324 96248 110936 129722 152098 177844
Tonga 8 13 9 7 15 18 15 10 10 8 10
Tuvalu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vanuatu 34 26 26 20 20 27 37 38 37 30 42
Viet Nam 9361 11541 14483 15029 16706 20149 26485 32442 39826 48576 62906
Memorandum items:
World excluding a
intra-EU (27) exports ... 4083000 4789000 4514000 4698000 5420000 6641000 7734000 8977000 10349000 12096000
intra-EU (15) exports 4090000 4285000 5010000 4755000 4970000 5767000 ... ... ... ... ...
Europe excluding
intra-EU (27) exports ... 892800 966180 978550 1045210 1220880 1474030 1641350 1840400 2153320 2473030
intra-EU (15) exports 1101840 1094480 1187800 1219030 1316800 1568170 ... ... ... ... ...
a Includes significant re-exports.
b Prior to 2004, European Union (27) individual country data do not add up to the reported aggregate due to Eurostat's use of different methodologies for Cyprus, Estonia and Lithuania.
Note : Breaks in the continuity of the value series for particular countries and regional groupings are indicated by an 'I'. They result mainly from changes in the methods of collecting and reporting merchandise trade
statistics.
It should be noted that the World and Asia totals contain a significant element of double counting due to the use of the general system of recording merchandise trade statistics which includes re-exports.
Recent figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat.
184
Table A7
World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1998-2008
(Million dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
World a 5683000 5921000 6727000 6485000 6745000 7865000 9571000 10857000 12430000 14273000 16422000
North America 1282060 1426495 1687580 1583440 1605140 1727465 2012740 2288415 2546090 2706770 2912185
Canada b 206066 220183 244786 227291 227499 245021 279931 322411 358755 389911 418311
Mexico 130948 146084 182702 176185 176607 178503 206060 232245 268093 295201 323151
United States 944353 1059440 1259300 1179180 1200230 1303050 1525680 1732706 1918077 2020403 2169487
Argentina 31404 25508 25154 20320 8990 13834 22445 28689 34152 44707 57423
Bahamas 1873 1757 2074 1912 1728 1762 1905 2312 2727 2956 3123
Barbados 1010 1108 1156 1087 1039 1195 1413 1604 1629 1710 1892
Belize 295 370 524 517 525 552 520 593 660 684 837
Bolivia 1983 1755 1830 1708 1770 1616 1844 2341 2814 3457 4987
Brazil 61135 51909 59053 58640 49716 50859 66433 77628 95836 126564 182408
Chile 19880 15988 18507 17429 17091 19322 24794 32735 38406 47164 61903
Colombia 14635 10659 11539 12834 12711 13889 16746 21204 26162 32897 39669
Costa Rica 6230 6320 6372 6569 7188 7663 8268 9824 11547 12963 15372
Cuba 4197 4365 4843 4839 4176 4673 5615 8084 10258 10890 14500
Dominica 136 141 148 131 116 128 144 165 167 196 225
Dominican Republic b 7597 8041 9479 8779 8838 7627 7888 9869 12174 13597 16095
Ecuador 5576 3017 3721 5363 6431 6703 8226 10287 12114 13893 18686
El Salvador 3962 4095 4947 5027 5184 5754 6329 6690 7663 8712 9755
Grenada 200 202 239 212 199 254 233 328 299 365 363
Guatemala 4651 4382 4791 5607 | 7659 8127 9475 10499 11915 13576 14549
Guyana 540 480 573 584 563 576 651 788 889 1059 1300
Haiti 797 1025 1036 1013 1130 1188 1306 1454 1642 1852 2148
Honduras 3233 3530 3988 4152 4382 4774 5827 6545 7303 8556 10389
Jamaica 3035 2899 3326 3360 3533 3639 3940 4739 5650 6459 8549
Netherlands Antilles 2062 1745 2862 2826 2268 2606 | 1723 1950 2209 2543 3130
Nicaragua 1492 1862 1805 1775 1754 1879 2212 2623 3026 3598 4338
Panama 3398 3516 3379 2964 2982 3086 3594 4180 4831 6872 9050
Paraguay 2897 1906 2193 2182 1672 2228 3097 3715 5879 7200 10200
Peru 8220 6823 7415 7316 7493 8414 10101 12502 15312 20494 29981
APPENDIX
Saint Lucia 328 355 355 355 309 403 422 486 592 614 656
Suriname 552 486 526 461 492 704 742 1050 1009 1044 1304
Trinidad and Tobago 2999 2741 3308 3569 3643 3892 4858 5694 6484 7663 9973
Uruguay 3811 3357 3466 3061 1964 2190 3114 3879 4806 5628 8933
Europe 2559180 2596490 2774855 2733570 2875295 3461510 4161265 4573175 5238515 6089795 6819995
Albania 842 1154 1090 1327 1504 1864 2309 2618 3058 4188 5251
Austria 69504 71321 72394 74633 78299 99532 119905 127327 137212 163037 183441
Belgium - 164810 177511 178664 198311 234945 285621 318700 351979 413109 469486
Belgium-Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - - -
Bulgaria 4949 5478 6544 7279 7954 10871 14453 18163 23270 29961 37261
Croatia 8276 7799 7887 9147 10722 14209 16589 18560 21502 25839 30728
Cyprus 3685 3618 3846 3923 4086 4466 5502 6316 6928 8615 10616
Czech Republic 28340 28463 31974 36297 40656 51728 69967 76512 93191 118169 141493
Denmark 46873 45753 45557 45322 50320 57429 68157 75581 85507 98558 110827
Estonia 4787 4109 5052 5230 5863 7967 | 8336 10238 13449 15678 16028
Finland 32960 32114 34443 32639 34218 42513 51443 58766 69375 81704 91781
France 307771 315748 338940 328608 329262 398840 470945 504124 541919 619475 705577
FYR Macedonia 1915 1776 2094 1694 1995 2306 2932 3228 3763 5228 6852
185
(Million dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Germany 471474 474047 497197 486119 490283 604612 715742 777073 906684 1054983 1203787
Greece 30293 30529 33480 32011 31570 44852 52760 54436 63619 76247 79049
Hungary 25705 28015 32172 33617 37755 47808 60538 66552 78262 95565 107910
Iceland 2482 2516 2589 2269 2275 2827 3643 4979 6137 6704 6205
Ireland 43191 46769 51041 50556 52399 53886 61814 68565 73118 83822 83177
Italy 218465 220637 238757 236220 247015 297519 355301 384790 442555 511662 554909
Latvia 3190 2954 3202 3506 4046 5234 7096 8697 11541 15322 16090
Lithuania 5795 4835 5457 6353 7709 9803 | 12387 15548 19373 24412 30923
Luxembourg - 11218 11278 12331 12651 16165 20046 21893 26572 27528 31592
Malta 2668 2843 3413 2531 2646 3227 3641 3681 4307 4760 4587
Montenegro - - - - - - - - 1879 2774 2918
Netherlands 195639 206162 218267 208638 219265 264704 319669 363822 416832 492616 573188
Norway 37478 34173 34392 32955 34873 40055 48534 55488 64261 80298 89293
Poland 47055 45883 49029 50184 55299 68272 89696 101639 126989 165710 204279
Portugal 38435 39974 39952 39490 40156 47200 54948 61184 66673 78195 89975
Romania 11821 10417 13148 15568 17854 23983 32691 40518 51160 70314 82725
Serbia - - - - - - - - 13172 18554 22999
Slovak Republic b 13078 11318 12760 14760 16564 22523 29862 34649 44823 60218 73389
Slovenia 10110 10102 10147 10160 10944 13845 17759 20337 24141 31559 36970
Spain 136662 135346 156143 154650 165105 208602 258331 288786 328696 389301 401384
Sweden 68403 68580 72880 63200 66955 83540 100433 111697 127547 152583 167152
Switzerland 80094 79857 82521 84102 87189 100239 115799 126574 141400 161180 183192
Turkey 45921 40671 54503 41399 51554 69340 97540 116774 139576 170063 201961
United Kingdom 321231 324899 348058 343786 364075 399401 470633 513673 601424 622897 632017
European Union (27) ... 2419075 2579869 2549434 2672086 3214192 3854541 4221746 4830438 5602648 6255767
extra-EU(27) imports ... 792206 916856 876922 886001 1057950 1278135 1467501 1697232 1964630 2282239
European Union (15) 2212010 2262540 2404840 2361815 2462350 2946525 ... ... ... ... ...
extra-EU(15) imports 796575 831135 954480 921030 935335 1122915 ... ... ... ... ...
Armenia 902 800 882 874 987 1280 1351 1802 2192 3268 4412
Azerbaijan 1076 1036 1172 1431 1666 2626 3516 4350 5269 6045 7575
Belarus 8549 6674 8646 8286 9092 11558 16491 16708 22351 28693 39483
APPENDIX
Georgia 887 585 709 753 796 1141 1846 2490 3678 5217 6058
Kazakhstan 4314 3655 5040 6446 6584 8409 12781 17353 23677 32756 37889
Kyrgyz Republic 842 600 554 467 587 717 941 1102 1718 2417 4072
Moldova 1018 585 777 892 1038 1399 1769 2292 2693 3690 4899
Russian Federation b 58015 39537 44659 53764 60966 76070 97382 125434 164281 223486 291861
Tajikistan 710 663 675 688 721 881 1191 1330 1723 2455 3270
Turkmenistan 980 1478 1786 2250 2120 2512 3320 2947 2560 3620 5670
Ukraine 14676 11846 13956 15775 16977 23020 28997 36136 45039 60618 85534
Uzbekistan 3290 3110 2697 2814 2425 2662 3392 3666 4380 4848 7076
Africa 132900 128300 130100 135000 136000 165000 212300 255600 297100 368300 465600
Algeria 9400 9162 9171 9940 11969 12380 18169 20357 21456 27631 39479
Angola b 2079 3109 3040 3179 3760 5480 5832 8353 8778 13661 21100
Benin 736 749 613 623 725 892 894 1018 1228 1600 1990
Botswana 2251 2198 2081 1809 1845 2448 3231 3161 3057 4049 5165
Burkina Faso 732 678 611 656 739 925 1270 1260 1319 1620 1800
Burundi 158 118 148 139 129 157 176 269 431 319 403
Cameroon 1495 1318 1489 1852 1866 2163 2406 2735 3150 3680 4360
Cape Verde 228 246 230 234 276 351 431 438 542 750 825
Chad 356 316 317 679 1646 790 953 950 1350 1500 1830
Comoros 54 55 43 51 53 70 86 99 115 140 180
Congo b 680 821 | 465 682 675 831 969 1304 2000 2860 2990
186
(Million dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Congo, Dem. Rep. of 1102 568 697 807 1081 1594 1986 2270 2740 3300 4100
Côte d'Ivoire b 2991 3252 2785 | 2418 2456 3231 4291 5251 5368 6160 7150
Djibouti b 196 194 207 196 197 238 261 277 336 473 580
Egypt 16166 16022 | 14578 13376 12770 12950 15950 22449 27300 37100 47540
Equatorial Guinea 317 425 451 813 507 908 1092 1310 2020 2760 3270
Eritrea 508 510 471 423 538 433 480 490 495 510 530
Ethiopia 1517 1538 1262 1815 1622 2119 3087 4127 4805 5749 7700
Gabon 1103 841 950 1002 1135 1206 1347 1471 1725 2000 2450
Gambia 228 192 187 134 161 156 229 260 259 321 329
Ghana 2563 3480 2973 3154 2720 3210 4074 5347 6754 8074 10261
Guinea 537 556 612 601 667 640 780 820 950 1200 1600
Guinea-Bissau b 63 51 59 | 62 59 65 83 106 127 136 160
Kenya 3197 2832 3105 3192 3245 3725 4553 5846 7233 8989 11074
Lesotho 941 866 809 743 815 1121 1440 1410 1500 1738 2040
Liberia 470 520 668 | 229 178 170 337 310 467 499 813
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 5466 4158 3732 4397 4396 4330 6326 6079 6040 7750 11500
Madagascar b 693 742 | 1097 1118 627 1304 1680 1706 1804 2636 4040
Malawi 515 673 532 563 695 786 933 1165 1207 1378 1650
Mali 761 824 806 990 928 1271 1364 1544 1820 2185 2550
Mauritania 399 385 454 465 431 542 923 1428 1167 1520 1750
Mauritius 2073 2247 2093 1987 2159 2363 2771 3157 3627 3895 4666
Morocco 10290 9925 11534 11038 11864 14250 17822 20790 23980 32010 41752
Mozambique 790 1139 1158 1063 1543 1753 2035 2408 2869 3050 3804
Namibia 1648 1610 1550 1547 1470 1980 2396 2577 2884 3520 4020
Niger 471 410 395 412 468 622 750 943 949 1060 1400
Nigeria 9211 8588 8721 11586 7547 10853 14164 20754 21809 29500 41700
Rwanda 285 253 211 281 248 259 284 430 548 737 1139
Sao Tome and Principe 17 38 30 28 31 41 41 50 71 79 114
Senegal 1455 1564 1519 1730 1958 2391 2839 | 3498 3671 4871 6528
Seychelles 384 434 342 476 420 412 497 675 757 859 912
Sierra Leone 95 81 149 182 264 303 286 345 389 445 560
Somalia 280 340 343 449 454 517 610 610 660 680 790
South Africa c 29242 26696 29695 28248 29267 39748 53466 62304 78715 88450 99480
Sudan 1925 1415 1553 1958 2446 2882 4075 6757 8074 8775 9150
APPENDIX
Swaziland 1083 1068 1046 1129 955 1519 1925 1900 1920 2020 2200
Tanzania 1453 1556 1524 1712 1660 2125 2726 3287 4246 5337 7081
Togo 588 597 562 553 591 775 880 1200 1250 1400 1540
Tunisia 8350 8474 8567 9529 9526 10910 12818 13177 15043 19101 24622
Uganda 1416 1342 1536 1594 1053 1375 1726 2054 2557 3493 4526
Zambia 1100 822 993 1307 1253 1574 2152 2558 3074 3971 | 5106
Zimbabwe 2701 2126 1863 1715 1751 1710 2204 2350 2250 2550 2950
Middle East 149000 147500 167400 175100 184300 210200 280600 335400 375800 467200 586200
Bahrain 3566 3698 4633 4306 5013 5657 7385 9393 10515 11488 12500
Iraq 4400 6900 13384 13120 9817 9934 21302 23532 20892 21516 31200
Israel 29342 33166 37686 35449 35517 36303 42864 47142 50334 59039 67656
Jordan 3828 3717 4597 4871 5076 5743 8179 10498 11548 13681 16942
Kuwait 8619 7617 7157 7869 9001 10987 12631 15801 17233 20366 24874
Lebanon 7070 6207 6230 7380 6560 7315 9609 9633 9647 12251 16754
Oman 5826 4801 5131 5933 6296 6801 8796 8971 11039 16025 22990
Qatar 3409 2500 3252 3758 4052 4897 6005 10061 16440 22005 26850
Saudi Arabia 30013 28011 30238 31223 32293 36915 47376 59459 69800 90215 115147
Syrian Arab Republic 3895 3832 3815 4752 4488 5111 | 8411 10862 11488 14655 18320
United Arab Emirates 32588 31721 35009 37293 42652 52074 72082 84654 100057 132494 165620
Yemen 2167 2008 2324 2466 2921 3675 3986 5378 6074 8514 9960
187
(Million dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Asia a 1248000 1365200 1678400 1558400 1659100 1976700 2487600 2888800 3327600 3806300 4545200
Afghanistan 462 1012 1176 1696 2452 2101 2177 2471 2582 2819 3350
Australia 64630 69158 71529 63888 72690 89084 109384 125281 139253 165336 200338
Bangladesh 7495 8331 8883 9018 8592 10434 12036 13889 16034 18596 23838
Bhutan 134 182 175 191 197 249 411 386 420 526 543
Brunei Darussalam 1552 1342 1107 1159 1556 1327 1422 1491 1676 2101 2300
Cambodia b 1166 1591 1939 2094 2318 2560 3193 3927 4749 5424 6600
China 140237 165699 225094 243553 295170 412760 561229 659953 791461 956139 1132488
Fiji 722 903 830 886 901 1205 1446 1607 1804 1800 2266
Hong Kong, China 186759 180711 214042 202008 207969 233249 272893 300160 335754 370132 392962
retained imports 62833 58464 71863 65251 59352 61018 70044 75269 86097 93791 97649
India 42980 46979 51523 50392 56517 72558 99775 142870 172797 216760 293374
Indonesia 35280 33321 43595 37534 38340 42196 54877 75533 80346 92778 126160
Japan 280484 309995 379511 349089 337194 382930 454542 515866 579064 622243 762589
Kiribati 33 41 40 41 50 52 59 74 63 70 55
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 553 525 535 510 447 462 713 882 1060 1065 1302
Macao, China 1955 2040 2255 2386 2530 2755 3478 3913 4565 5366 5365
Malaysia 58319 64966 81963 73866 79869 83300 105283 114625 131152 146982 156896
Maldives 354 402 389 393 392 471 642 745 927 1096 1388
Mongolia 503 513 615 638 691 801 1021 1184 1486 2117 3616
Myanmar 2695 2323 2401 2877 2348 2091 2196 1927 2564 3312 4288
Nepal 1246 1422 1573 1473 1419 1754 1938 2283 2492 2904 3600
New Caledonia 929 1006 924 931 1008 1541 1636 1774 2117 2809 3233
New Zealand 12495 14299 13906 13308 15047 18559 23195 26219 26424 30890 34367
Northern Mariana Islands 526 523 607 554 646 660 664 591 489 300 160
Pakistan 9330 10207 10864 10191 11233 13038 17949 25357 29825 32590 42326
Palau 63 104 124 100 97 88 107 105 115 110 130
Papua New Guinea 1240 1188 1151 1071 1137 1367 1680 1729 2260 2990 3480
Philippines b 31496 32568 37027 34921 | 41092 42576 46102 49487 54078 57996 60290
Samoa 97 115 106 130 135 137 163 187 219 227 249
Singapore 101732 111060 134545 116000 116441 | 136218 173599 200047 238710 263155 319780
retained imports 55218 65062 75444 60421 58100 62735 81625 94944 110079 119885 157306
APPENDIX
Solomon Islands 128 110 92 90 67 94 121 185 217 286 295

Sri Lanka 5905 5961 7177 5973 6105 6672 7973 8834 10258 11301 14008
Taipei, Chinese 105442 111449 140642 107944 113331 128130 169250 182614 202698 219252 240448
Thailand 42971 50342 61924 61962 64645 75824 94410 118178 128773 139966 178655
Tonga 69 73 70 73 89 94 105 121 116 143 170
Tuvalu 10 8 5 4 11 8 11 13 13 16 26
Vanuatu 93 98 87 90 90 105 128 149 160 202 287
Viet Nam 11500 11742 15638 16218 19746 25256 31969 36761 44891 62678 80416
Memorandum items:
World excluding a
intra-EU (27) imports ... 4294000 5064000 4813000 4959000 5708000 6995000 8103000 9297000 10635000 12449000
intra-EU (15) imports 4267000 4490000 5277000 5045000 5218000 6041000 ... ... ... ... ...
Europe excluding
intra-EU (27) imports ... 969620 1111840 1061060 1089210 1305270 1584860 1818930 2105310 2451780 2846470
intra-EU (15) imports 1143750 1165080 1324500 1292780 1348280 1637900 ... ... ... ... ...
a Includes significant imports for re-export.
b Imports are valued f.o.b. See the Metadata on f.o.b. valuation of other economies.
Note : Breaks in the continuity of the value series for particular countries and regional groupings are indicated by an 'I'. They result mainly from changes in the methods of collecting and reporting merchandise trade
statistics.
It should be noted that the World and Asia totals contain a significant element of double counting due to the use of the general system of recording merchandise trade statistics which includes re-exports.
Recent figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat.
188
Table A8
World exports of commercial services by region and selected economy, 1998-2008
(Million dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
World 1340800 1394800 1481300 1484400 1596400 1832400 2220700 2480300 2816900 3372400 3777900
North America 283100 305900 330900 317100 325200 339800 393200 432700 484000 553900 604600
Canada 33040 35228 39271 37862 39567 43131 49058 54418 59015 63648 64795
Mexico 11534 11606 13567 12550 12474 12477 13973 16098 16372 17598 18474
United States 238517 259059 278090 266661 273209 284173 330185 362134 408663 472680 521378
Argentina 4702 4557 4775 4469 3428 4419 5202 6519 7871 10211 11870
Aruba 877 906 991 975 983 1033 1232 1287 1304 1473 1658
Bahamas 1517 1778 1946 1776 2035 2028 2211 2460 2403 2566 2503
Barbados 995 997 1055 1032 1003 1124 1181 1411 1541 1729 ...
Belize 122 130 135 143 161 196 223 284 339 369 358
Bolivia 235 243 207 221 242 348 401 473 462 484 482
Brazil 7083 6873 8961 8718 8790 9570 11615 14856 17946 22615 28822
Chile 3859 3780 3995 4071 4315 4990 5949 7040 7726 8841 10645
Colombia 1892 1876 1984 2122 1799 1852 2188 2594 3301 3559 3967
Costa Rica 1329 1643 1911 1899 1841 1990 2207 2585 2940 3598 4164
Cuba 2155 2628 2643 2416 2350 2845 3634 7075 7201 8588 9129
Dominica 84 97 87 75 78 76 86 85 99 98 101
Ecuador 631 681 793 799 820 812 940 940 959 1087 1288
El Salvador 576 620 673 680 750 907 1039 1098 1388 1454 1482
Grenada 116 141 146 129 128 132 156 115 129 146 145
Guatemala 581 653 702 948 1053 954 1015 1222 1410 1619 1649
Guyana 142 147 169 172 172 157 161 148 148 173 ...
Haiti 163 173 158 123 125 114 110 93 149 152 193
Honduras 332 427 487 488 525 573 635 684 671 732 902
Jamaica 1743 1949 1988 1867 1881 2103 2262 2296 2613 2665 2735
Netherlands Antilles 1495 1506 1593 1605 1575 1648 1753 1791 1936 2048 2028
Nicaragua 152 181 187 188 191 222 250 271 305 333 357
Panama 1757 1747 1961 1958 2241 2503 2758 3193 3895 4854 5794
APPENDIX
Paraguay 606 554 573 525 531 550 597 610 726 887 999
Peru 1674 1518 1445 1326 1342 1600 1872 2164 2519 3209 3502
Saint Lucia 318 307 323 272 248 317 366 409 332 345 362
Suriname 67 73 85 56 35 52 129 183 211 210 233
Trinidad and Tobago 574 592 543 563 598 672 838 883 800 910 ...
Uruguay 1309 1235 1249 1099 745 746 1086 1285 1361 1781 2131
Europe 682600 696600 716400 736100 807300 966200 1166200 1286600 1443900 1743300 1936900
Albania 83 253 429 495 552 695 997 1154 1481 1924 2419
Austria 22918 23184 22865 23734 25566 32090 37572 42201 45675 54968 61673
Belgium - - - - 36285 43352 50621 54092 57209 74031 86139
Belgium-Luxembourg 36688 44073 48556 48970 - - - - - - -
Bulgaria 1766 1760 2129 2120 2162 2921 3984 4389 5287 6498 8000
Croatia 3948 3708 4056 4883 5581 8568 9372 9920 10801 12485 15164
Cyprus 3297 3655 3798 4067 4236 5009 5877 6177 6772 8303 10218
Czech Republic 7518 6928 6751 7034 7024 7754 9607 11730 13906 17144 22179
Denmark 15212 19982 23721 25134 26667 31672 36304 43372 51961 61608 71960
Estonia 1476 1486 1458 1576 1672 2189 2806 3139 3466 4336 5048
Faeroe Islands 51 56 54 57 71 77 86 132 174 ... ...
Finland 6632 6457 7669 9148 10350 11383 15064 16898 17414 23066 24229
France 84164 80994 79901 79597 85326 98020 113772 121351 125395 144680 160464
FYR Macedonia 148 249 290 198 220 360 429 489 581 799 992
Germany 79967 80173 79659 84270 96785 116216 138256 157342 184574 216958 241590
Greece 10068 I 16464 19181 19384 20044 24202 32986 33806 35671 42984 50377
Hungary 5361 5171 5836 6949 7336 9131 10704 12732 13283 16981 19958
Iceland 847 826 936 1003 1034 1281 1527 1955 1773 2207 2134
Ireland 16504 15526 18326 23266 29666 41785 52213 59402 68659 88994 99235
Italy 66621 58018 55998 57098 59562 70602 83302 88094 97554 110468 121890
Latvia 1103 1020 1131 1161 1221 1487 1751 2134 2613 3633 4508
Lithuania 1096 1083 1052 1147 1451 1864 2431 3074 3583 3980 4710
189
(Million dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Luxembourg - - - - 20291 25237 33638 40510 50578 65523 68909
Malta 1159 1198 1081 1108 1220 1421 1669 1977 2635 3377 3714
Montenegro - - - - - - - - 524 923 1104
Netherlands 48570 50835 48361 50121 54700 61317 71782 78182 82698 94212 101613
Norway 15379 16118 17528 18152 19228 21357 24964 29620 33114 40357 45595
Poland 10810 8331 10395 9745 10030 11170 13437 16212 20530 28694 35309
Portugal 8735 9144 8896 9251 10219 12188 14507 15028 18235 23097 26135
Romania 1201 1340 1720 2007 2326 3000 3590 5056 7005 9455 12819
Serbia - - - - - - - - 2089 3140 4005
Slovak Republic 2275 1886 2218 2454 2787 3270 3713 4380 5403 7022 8469
Slovenia 2023 1873 1883 1958 2311 2786 3449 3970 4337 5643 7624
Spain 48124 51982 52112 55292 59599 73679 85303 93853 105869 127085 142612
Sweden 17675 19691 20014 21758 23757 30337 38624 42474 49342 63324 71592
Switzerland 25893 I 28628 29443 27888 29747 34529 42608 48513 53929 64947 75194
Turkey 23204 16230 19267 15084 13979 17909 22706 26328 24998 28253 34492
United Kingdom 110721 117357 118567 118786 132937 155455 194026 204062 233615 280565 282961
European Union (27) 611700 629600 643300 667100 735500 879500 1061000 1165600 1313300 1586600 1753900
Extra-EU (27) exports a - - - - - - 438500 486400 548400 668300 743200
European Union (15) 572600 593900 603800 625800 691800 827500 998000 1090700 1224500 1471600 1611400
Extra-EU (15) exports a 263400 268600 274000 283100 308500 369900 451000 505700 ... ... ...
Armenia 118 129 130 179 176 199 324 403 475 571 636
Azerbaijan 320 236 234 256 321 392 453 625 841 1172 1454
Belarus 919 745 989 1124 1317 1477 1726 2055 2380 3256 4224
Georgia 354 217 206 299 370 418 508 648 801 976 1159
Kazakhstan 904 933 905 1093 1363 1528 1817 1999 2584 3242 3936
Kyrgyz Republic 58 60 57 76 120 137 193 234 351 654 884
Moldova 148 126 155 160 206 231 320 384 471 631 831
Tajikistan 60 52 63 62 60 66 81 103 110 116 ...
Ukraine 3922 3869 3800 3897 4583 5013 7460 8913 10822 13651 17302
APPENDIX
Africa 28100 30500 31500 32200 34400 42600 51600 I 56400 63600 77900 87800
Algeria 973 1010 927 884 1191 1287 1591 1825 2248 2474 3101
Angola 122 153 267 203 207 201 323 177 ... 311 ...
Benin 127 155 126 133 141 163 204 179 196 281 ...
Botswana 240 305 306 326 439 626 774 842 771 922 992
Burundi 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 7 6 7 3
Cameroon 508 414 575 844 921 593 829 573 556 476 552
Cape Verde 74 95 101 120 144 190 220 253 361 468 528
Congo 112 139 130 137 158 185 183 206 251 303 364
Côte d'Ivoire 533 507 415 509 513 560 641 697 706 775 845
Djibouti 61 65 69 74 79 87 87 95 97 92 115
Egypt 7832 9276 9687 8815 9127 10837 14046 14449 15834 19660 24674
Eritrea 77 44 54 113 118 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Ethiopia 308 392 387 391 450 588 800 789 890 1183 1770
Gabon 194 249 171 143 74 167 136 120 113 128 149
Gambia 83 78 62 61 61 84 73 80 92 114 ...
Ghana 427 454 490 515 539 612 684 1083 1256 1614 1579
Guinea 66 36 27 72 43 55 31 32 34 44 ...
Kenya 631 720 727 824 773 876 1227 1523 1979 2409 2520
Lesotho 46 37 36 35 30 43 64 44 51 68 ...
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 31 50 119 134 275 329 351 419 385 ... ...
Madagascar 264 290 314 273 279 253 358 420 512 796 874
Malawi 32 49 34 44 49 40 41 43 80 ... ...
Mali 71 94 92 140 150 208 227 253 291 359 ...
Mauritania 24 25 30 36 46 44 52 80 87 ... ...
Mauritius 911 1030 1066 1218 1146 1274 1449 1604 1663 2194 2530
Morocco 2558 2803 2854 3787 4098 5126 6304 7570 9269 11490 12374
Mozambique 286 295 325 249 336 300 246 316 355 404 488
Namibia 315 311 212 285 265 399 456 391 505 580 528
Nigeria 884 980 1833 1653 2524 3473 3336 I 2887 3729 5788 ...
Rwanda 32 36 41 45 48 48 65 83 74 126 ...
Senegal 366 351 330 345 389 488 604 690 716 1097 ...
190
(Million dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Seychelles 237 261 273 280 297 311 308 347 409 446 458
Sierra Leone 13 18 39 47 38 66 61 78 43 42 ...
South Africa 5213 5041 4888 I 4728 4863 8120 9444 10898 11712 13242 12159
Sudan 14 82 I 24 14 130 31 35 101 220 342 457
Swaziland 87 51 271 112 90 200 235 273 274 447 ...
Tanzania 534 576 575 854 860 900 1079 1215 1467 1675 1935
Togo 65 54 46 53 72 72 122 145 159 197 242
Tunisia 2607 2769 2680 2829 2603 2842 3520 3901 4162 4757 5572
Uganda 176 188 205 208 216 255 358 494 475 528 554
Zambia 102 107 114 143 114 142 161 207 228 279 ...
Zimbabwe 609 633 326 240 208 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Middle East 27400 30300 33800 32900 34800 43800 51400 60200 71800 81600 97400
Bahrain 725 859 933 950 1068 1260 I 2676 3048 3322 3524 3740
Israel 10019 12213 15319 12811 12159 13622 16005 17406 19210 21091 23763
Jordan 1810 1689 1602 1396 1743 1717 2052 2239 2850 3299 4291
Kuwait 1500 1299 1571 1401 1373 1763 2516 3840 7495 9104 10301
Oman 388 413 452 606 606 655 736 I 939 1311 1631 1974
Qatar ... 209 337 649 606 1011 1633 2557 3489 ... ...
Saudi Arabia 4723 5373 4779 5008 5177 5713 5852 6677 7297 7901 ...
Syrian Arab Republic 1422 1415 1480 1566 1347 1181 2343 2560 2649 3563 ...
United Arab Emirates ... 1767 1843 2014 2191 2350 2560 4277 6259 7434 8958
Yemen 133 141 174 130 129 244 292 285 ... I 578 593
Asia 258300 272700 304900 301200 326800 363700 466200 532400 622400 755900 858700
Australia 16822 18550 19413 17689 19161 23227 27841 30378 32438 39728 45601
Bangladesh 252 266 283 243 305 398 420 474 603 685 891
Bhutan 15 18 20 24 23 20 28 42 52 60 53
Cambodia 173 289 423 517 596 541 788 1064 1244 1510 1606
China 23879 26165 30146 32901 39381 46375 62056 73909 91421 121654 146446
Fiji 472 505 397 387 478 585 668 790 740 733 ...
Hong Kong, China 33790 35568 40362 41056 44546 46500 55103 63651 72674 84643 92318
India 11067 14006 16030 16799 19125 23633 I 37931 I 52199 70926 87516 102648
APPENDIX
Indonesia 4340 4452 5061 5361 6519 5143 ... ... ... ... ...
Japan b 63053 61447 69430 64769 66054 71784 89668 102071 115140 127060 146440
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 116 101 150 141 159 126 168 200 194 299 ...
Macao, China 2845 2710 3280 3768 4758 5605 8063 8612 10538 14411 18081
Malaysia 11400 11800 13812 14331 14753 13459 16999 19463 21722 28184 29336
Maldives 329 340 345 351 360 429 505 317 549 622 671
Mongolia 75 73 74 109 179 203 329 409 483 571 ...
Myanmar 618 496 459 387 403 228 232 237 256 ... ...
Nepal 433 454 410 303 192 302 356 271 252 340 494
New Zealand 3688 4280 4355 4388 5338 6788 8046 8500 8011 9161 8842
Pakistan 1303 1264 1284 1302 1496 1476 1719 2043 2245 2221 2314
Papua New Guinea 318 248 243 285 162 219 181 285 298 340 342
Philippines ... 3468 3377 3072 3428 3389 4043 4525 6444 9766 10194
Samoa 58 47 ... ... ... ... 94 113 133 138 ...
Singapore 22457 24845 28075 27307 29428 36243 46732 53151 63977 80490 82934
Solomon Islands 52 51 45 47 15 24 26 37 51 66 63
Sri Lanka 892 940 915 1334 1247 1389 1506 1519 1604 1755 1982
Taipei, Chinese 16660 17037 19890 19760 21501 23028 25545 25574 28860 31015 33569
Thailand 13074 14542 13785 12932 15304 15694 18932 20011 24636 30124 33393
Tonga 23 19 14 18 18 22 21 30 22 26 ...
Vanuatu 108 106 118 112 90 108 118 135 140 177 212
Viet Nam 2616 2493 2702 2810 2948 3272 3867 4176 5100 6030 6300
Memorandum items:
World excluding
intra-EU (27) exports a - - - - - - 1598200 1801000 2052000 2454100 2767100
intra-EU (15) exports a 1031600 1069500 1151500 1141700 1213100 1374700 1673700 1895300 ... ... ...
Europe excluding
intra-EU (27) exports a - - - - - - 543700 607400 679000 825000 926200
intra-EU (15) exports a 373500 371300 386500 393400 424100 508500 619300 701700 ... ... ...
a See the Metadata for estimation of intra and extra-EU trade.

b Secretariat estimates for exports from 1995 to 2005 are based on the new methodology applied by the Bank of Japan. See the Metadata
Note: Due to frequent revisions to the services data, there are numerous breaks in the continuity of the data series at the country and regional levels. See the Metadata.
191
Table A9
World imports of commercial services by region and selected economy, 1998-2008
(Million dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
World 1312500 1365000 1454200 1473200 1560400 1781300 2119400 2352300 2627600 3113900 3489200
North America 216400 237600 268200 264200 270900 291700 335900 365900 408700 446700 479300
Canada 37671 40060 43597 43236 44455 51771 58023 64906 71919 81758 86644
Mexico 12569 14061 16718 16521 17031 17571 19250 20915 22329 23228 24701
United States 166145 183484 207881 204479 209397 222347 258674 280091 314442 341673 367911
Argentina 9079 8599 8960 8262 4775 5462 6374 7364 8250 10535 12579
Aruba 528 633 621 590 575 691 762 889 968 907 1076
Bahamas 939 884 969 896 929 1009 1169 1209 1510 1502 1254
Barbados 409 433 460 471 466 492 520 636 679 755 ...
Belize 94 99 116 111 121 127 139 147 143 159 161
Bolivia 423 436 450 382 417 534 590 664 808 883 1018
Brazil 15743 13357 15574 15825 13496 14350 16111 22409 27149 34700 44396
Chile 4260 4474 4664 4848 4953 5555 6653 7572 8250 9711 11143
Colombia 3354 3082 3242 3535 3234 3298 3873 4704 5428 6170 7108
Costa Rica 1099 1185 1261 1167 1170 1231 1370 1502 1612 1799 1966
Cuba 891 964 821 689 585 655 770 1018 1263 1330 ...
Dominica 48 54 48 47 50 41 45 48 50 57 62
Ecuador 1208 1140 1225 1395 1559 1575 1889 2079 2265 2481 2888
El Salvador 723 800 912 938 1007 1040 1130 1193 1479 1706 1958
Grenada 64 78 85 79 86 77 79 88 94 104 109
Guatemala 759 760 786 891 1018 1085 1324 1428 1756 2017 2125
Guyana 174 178 193 192 196 172 208 201 245 273 ...
Haiti 203 222 270 252 251 247 307 296 365 476 558
Honduras 437 491 688 705 726 746 840 923 972 1027 1203
Jamaica 1258 1286 1391 1480 1552 1538 1677 1676 1969 2205 2341
Netherlands Antilles 611 662 728 787 788 801 787 805 749 794 869
APPENDIX
Nicaragua 253 319 334 346 336 353 385 424 451 524 572
Panama 1211 1102 1096 1053 1256 1253 1412 1759 1673 2050 2532
Paraguay 549 463 390 362 321 318 287 329 365 439 563
Peru 2299 2105 2165 2274 2325 2493 2603 2996 3297 4133 5425
Saint Lucia 121 137 126 125 124 141 143 169 165 173 181
Suriname 174 136 177 164 152 188 251 339 250 292 367
Trinidad and Tobago 235 253 363 339 340 335 314 471 311 320 ...
Uruguay 831 760 842 773 593 602 748 901 937 1083 1373
Europe 629700 647700 660700 681800 738700 879600 1030500 1126600 1234500 1472000 1625500
Albania 119 152 413 422 561 734 991 1318 1552 1893 2361
Austria 17941 17144 16383 17491 18645 23645 27897 30625 33407 39112 42578
Belgium - - - - 35288 42163 48260 50408 52387 70142 81942
Belgium-Luxembourg 34095 38815 41444 42856 - - - - - - -
Bulgaria 1398 1473 1660 1894 1740 2424 3213 3382 4097 5473 6696
Croatia 1850 2055 1782 1918 2378 2950 3523 3349 3491 3858 4513
Cyprus 1476 1537 1563 1592 1635 2089 2552 2614 2850 3635 4572
Czech Republic 5690 5772 5364 5487 6372 7240 8932 10110 11809 14308 17256
Denmark 15779 18402 21063 22121 24305 28254 33401 37002 45123 53889 62269
Estonia 814 829 870 949 1081 1370 1716 2125 2407 3022 3352
Faeroe Islands 90 95 97 105 131 146 161 224 267 ... ...
Finland 7643 7491 8323 7994 9763 12020 14422 17591 18618 22094 23119
France 66432 62102 59581 61439 68177 81809 97238 104711 112688 129464 139359
FYR Macedonia 202 226 260 253 267 370 485 527 545 745 970
Germany 131244 139388 135812 140593 143769 171136 194125 206894 221030 256020 283028
Greece 4976 I 8831 10918 11189 9447 10730 13560 14292 15899 19783 24392
Hungary 4139 4283 4708 5470 6749 9022 10043 11275 11606 15432 18469
Iceland 948 1012 1149 1058 1105 1481 1818 2538 2542 2942 2498
Ireland 29459 26474 31212 35281 42765 54520 65328 71386 78460 94472 106189
Italy 62887 56240 54632 56087 61110 73107 81673 88364 98107 118261 131748
Latvia 717 628 680 662 692 917 1164 1541 1962 2678 3169
Lithuania 816 747 655 669 878 1215 1578 1989 2462 3282 4114
192
(Million dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Luxembourg - - - - 12388 15511 20912 24564 30188 38135 40664
Malta 686 722 735 735 769 861 1034 1186 1750 2253 2252
Montenegro - - - - - - - - 277 320 514
Netherlands 46252 48121 49941 52166 56492 62954 68565 72413 74676 83769 90833
Norway 14662 15214 14832 15667 17834 20415 23871 28709 31227 38941 43928
Poland 6479 6837 8862 8853 9165 10810 I 13213 15310 19438 23696 29925
Portugal 6631 7064 6810 6644 6992 8118 9572 10291 11879 14119 16497
Romania 1796 1759 1948 2113 2304 2913 3829 5425 6901 8757 11520
Serbia - - - - - - - - 2114 3456 4231
Slovak Republic 2272 1812 1779 1971 2321 3012 3415 4015 4605 6449 9089
Slovenia 1510 1506 1423 1443 1715 2163 2579 2889 3222 4186 4902
Spain 28242 31544 32837 34903 38445 47607 58822 66739 78175 95886 104262
Sweden 21620 22511 23367 22920 23856 28647 32990 35141 39432 47870 54280
Switzerland 14952 I 14760 14533 15256 16023 18393 23610 27251 28159 33209 36623
Turkey 9439 8449 7624 5633 5528 6690 9188 10182 10447 14160 16234
United Kingdom 85797 93170 96893 97352 107177 122948 145172 158325 170273 195402 196167
European Union (27) 586800 605200 619500 640900 694000 827200 965200 1050600 1153500 1371600 1512600
Extra-EU (27) imports a - - - - - - 386000 419900 459100 548000 620700
European Union (15) 559000 577300 589200 609000 658600 783200 911900 988700 1080300 1278400 1397300
Extra-EU (15) imports a 252600 259800 266800 273600 286000 338000 401600 440000 ... ... ...
Armenia 190 183 177 192 217 264 419 517 600 772 952
Azerbaijan 692 476 475 650 1283 2027 2702 2625 2784 3324 3826
Belarus 438 431 524 782 826 820 943 1057 1638 2009 2583
Georgia 335 224 216 231 323 355 440 584 687 872 1152
Kazakhstan 1154 1104 1831 2609 3506 3712 5058 7375 8621 11370 10794
Kyrgyz Republic 173 152 144 121 145 157 219 287 456 577 988
Moldova 190 168 190 195 243 268 331 390 455 593 779
Tajikistan 40 43 57 70 103 120 205 250 393 590 ...
APPENDIX
Ukraine 2545 2292 2590 3167 3143 3979 6162 6962 8582 11055 15104
Africa 37400 35800 37600 40200 41400 47100 58700 I 69900 80400 104700 120900
Algeria 1069 989 1411 1413 1511 1510 2493 2997 3132 4540 7194
Angola 2395 2194 2271 3176 2766 2774 4285 6191 6860 11610 ...
Benin 191 213 186 186 203 244 273 267 342 491 ...
Botswana 517 515 538 512 508 652 784 840 834 970 1076
Burundi 34 18 36 31 34 38 75 125 193 168 173
Cameroon 807 699 934 1056 1198 1177 1442 1429 1416 1413 1708
Cape Verde 85 112 97 113 138 183 194 201 242 285 333
Congo 853 854 728 842 917 866 1012 1413 2422 3523 3767
Côte d'Ivoire 1408 1358 1142 1188 1447 1657 1896 1982 2087 2263 2444
Djibouti 74 60 65 60 55 60 70 76 81 99 137
Egypt 5886 5959 7161 6356 6013 6038 7470 9507 10288 13088 16322
Eritrea 179 101 24 28 25 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Ethiopia 442 463 479 516 556 689 932 1178 1154 1737 2371
Gabon 980 854 846 695 741 821 921 1020 1051 1241 1467
Gambia 63 62 61 55 54 36 46 45 94 77 ...
Ghana 533 555 514 538 548 730 881 1140 1442 1808 1977
Guinea 274 258 183 220 156 188 195 194 221 248 ...
Kenya 632 505 665 712 588 575 803 955 1235 1479 1663
Lesotho 50 47 41 38 45 69 86 88 75 88 ...
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 650 887 815 964 1343 1528 1753 2128 2324 2438 ...
Madagascar 326 336 395 424 561 479 474 462 432 748 1159
Malawi 162 185 167 171 222 189 211 222 222 ... ...
Mali 332 351 324 414 380 478 528 583 672 774 ...
Mauritania 130 152 168 194 220 187 260 379 406 ... ...
Mauritius 706 719 748 799 775 875 1005 1193 1312 1562 1910
Morocco 1482 1537 1520 1705 1903 2350 2805 3103 3562 4527 5482
Mozambique 396 392 439 607 559 553 511 627 729 819 901
Namibia 449 431 320 265 224 269 411 359 421 505 592
Nigeria 4054 3311 3144 4420 4688 5715 5973 I 6203 8389 13902 ...
Rwanda 99 106 113 113 124 104 123 176 214 259 ...
Senegal 432 419 396 403 457 567 684 777 808 1205 ...
193
(Million dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Seychelles 127 152 186 212 209 213 211 231 265 299 361
Sierra Leone 33 79 82 93 76 89 87 86 78 86 ...
South Africa 5465 5580 5657 I 5109 5376 7847 10063 11863 13949 16208 16505
Sudan 200 270 I 632 638 784 805 1023 1801 2728 2873 2552
Swaziland 262 161 300 192 202 342 363 396 365 494 ...
Tanzania 885 723 620 635 611 685 923 1131 1212 1424 1631
Togo 149 130 116 129 147 204 237 249 261 303 389
Tunisia 1121 1106 1119 1332 1353 1510 1869 2075 2338 2662 3001
Uganda 728 419 459 506 550 488 513 618 759 961 1177
Zambia 282 298 322 353 361 388 418 446 560 886 ...
Zimbabwe 622 647 494 439 447 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Middle East 42800 43800 48800 46900 51100 60500 75000 89500 108600 141400 167900
Bahrain 652 716 757 766 945 907 I 1248 1416 1605 1701 2030
Israel 9056 10047 11703 11644 10701 10978 12611 13498 14636 17587 19600
Jordan 1588 1485 1463 1520 1627 1690 1972 2465 2854 3327 3913
Kuwait 4247 3867 4115 4520 4881 5534 6202 7444 8805 10494 12149
Oman 1891 1714 1759 1899 1880 2573 3152 3145 3898 4876 6122
Qatar ... 823 870 966 1050 1283 1667 3640 5680 ... ...
Saudi Arabia 8648 9426 10928 7155 7152 7936 11057 14520 19390 30798 ...
Syrian Arab Republic 1299 1416 1468 1494 1675 1697 2071 2274 2437 2964 ...
United Arab Emirates ... 7757 8275 8893 9934 11440 14655 18891 24322 33372 42773
Yemen 649 672 757 794 883 947 1004 1183 1800 1811 2128
Asia 309500 329900 360500 356200 375600 411800 510300 569400 644300 759900 864000
Australia 17605 18385 18555 17020 18023 21476 27377 29909 31600 38614 45491
Bangladesh 1164 1318 1523 1423 1318 1595 1835 2011 2111 2673 3684
Bhutan 37 34 46 42 60 108 103 128 108 107 108
Cambodia 214 285 321 340 368 425 502 632 760 889 958
China 26467 30967 35858 39032 46080 54852 71602 83173 100327 129254 158004
Fiji 331 364 321 285 272 382 463 503 514 497 ...
Hong Kong, China 24962 23759 24588 24797 25833 25994 30983 33838 36905 42450 45849
APPENDIX
India 14192 17045 18896 19792 20776 24679 I 35293 I 47025 58190 70736 83599
Indonesia 11871 12139 15381 15596 16770 17171 ... ... ... ... ...
Japan b 101070 103151 105230 98762 97865 99906 119925 122369 133900 148685 167443
Lao People's Dem. Rep. 92 91 87 87 97 108 132 155 183 229 ...
Macao, China 612 703 812 876 1046 1147 1334 1537 1836 2675 3253
Malaysia 12973 14622 16603 16539 16248 17323 18967 21750 23493 27784 29081
Maldives 98 107 108 108 110 119 155 209 225 264 342
Mongolia 142 140 158 198 260 249 496 468 514 631 ...
Myanmar 353 277 310 345 296 403 444 486 547 ... ...
Nepal 189 202 193 205 231 258 376 424 488 716 840
New Zealand 4377 4482 4429 4265 4715 5667 7121 8121 7696 8940 9473
Pakistan 2044 1894 2109 2216 2095 3102 I 5101 7206 8094 8395 8985
Papua New Guinea 794 728 772 662 678 862 968 1151 1458 1799 1714
Philippines ... 5013 5175 5298 5386 5322 5764 5797 6211 7391 8547
Samoa 29 19 ... ... ... ... 41 55 56 55 ...
Singapore 19897 25119 29379 31650 33314 39867 49550 54902 64472 74687 78868
Solomon Islands 54 86 70 80 49 62 42 57 83 123 148
Sri Lanka 1328 1388 1592 1735 1553 1646 1872 2051 2359 2568 2967
Taipei, Chinese 23246 23285 25507 23435 23852 24803 29859 31420 31752 34265 33627
Thailand 11874 13464 15329 14475 16572 17999 22909 26881 32841 38173 46314
Tonga 30 30 18 24 28 40 45 44 50 44 ...
Vanuatu 53 65 62 67 47 56 61 69 66 70 89
Viet Nam 3146 3040 3252 3382 3698 4050 4739 4472 5108 6924 8615
Memorandum items:
World excluding
intra-EU (27) imports a - - - - - - 1540200 1721500 1933300 2290300 2597300
intra-EU (15) imports a 1006100 1047500 1131800 1137800 1187800 1336100 1609000 1803500 ... ... ...
Europe excluding
intra-EU (27) imports a - - - - - - 451300 495800 540200 648400 733600
intra-EU (15) imports a 323300 330200 338300 346400 366100 434400 520100 577800 ... ... ...
a See the Metadata for estimation of intra and extra-EU trade.

b Secretariat estimates for exports from 1995 to 2005 are based on the new methodology applied by the Bank of Japan. See the Metadata
Note : Due to frequent revisions to the services data, there are numerous breaks in the continuity of the data series at the country and regional levels. See the Metadata.
194
195
APPENDIX
Table A10
Network of world merchandise trade by product and region, 2006-2008
(Billion dollars)
Destination World a North America South & Central America Europe
Origin 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008
World
Agricultural products 942.35 1128.73 1341.56 138.51 150.52 165.07 30.38 39.88 54.15 454.39 547.29 632.11
Food 754.71 914.82 1114.02 109.29 121.92 136.94 26.03 34.67 48.28 374.08 452.20 532.63
Fish 83.12 89.52 97.65 15.09 15.50 16.48 1.33 1.68 2.00 37.55 41.09 43.78
Other food products 671.59 825.30 1016.37 94.20 106.42 120.46 24.70 32.99 46.28 336.53 411.10 488.84
Raw materials 187.64 213.91 227.55 29.22 28.59 28.14 4.35 5.21 5.87 80.31 95.10 99.48
Fuels and mining products 2305.23 2653.32 3530.22 434.22 487.15 625.84 71.76 83.71 123.12 894.31 994.35 1307.45
Ores and other minerals 204.82 257.70 307.98 17.15 19.52 23.45 4.12 5.07 6.63 81.01 100.89 113.45
Fuels 1789.55 2029.66 2861.89 362.35 410.22 549.19 62.06 71.57 108.76 662.39 713.60 1024.44
Non-ferrous metals 310.86 365.97 360.35 54.72 57.40 53.21 5.58 7.07 7.73 150.91 179.86 169.56
Manufactures 8259.69 9520.23 10458.11 1741.02 1826.20 1862.55 250.39 310.29 389.14 3680.03 4306.19 4661.81
Iron and steel 375.91 479.14 587.19 56.53 55.33 71.09 10.05 12.73 20.37 178.33 237.08 265.97
Chemicals 1245.24 1480.55 1705.45 198.36 216.98 241.25 47.12 60.28 80.10 639.59 769.92 868.52
Pharmaceuticals 312.73 372.46 426.67 57.05 66.94 72.01 8.61 11.05 13.18 195.98 233.40 268.70
Other chemicals 932.51 1108.09 1278.77 141.31 150.04 169.24 38.51 49.23 66.92 443.61 536.51 599.82
Other semi-manufactures 786.46 917.87 1004.48 159.73 163.44 159.50 21.24 26.28 33.05 383.81 463.34 499.56
Machinery and transport equipment 4374.18 4963.46 5347.84 992.47 1033.82 1030.29 134.26 163.65 200.56 1811.89 2071.13 2198.86
Office and telecom equipment 1456.07 1519.46 1561.38 309.90 318.35 318.96 32.29 34.58 40.75 533.99 529.28 547.88
EDP and office equipment 519.33 547.71 548.20 131.38 135.43 131.97 9.50 11.37 12.55 224.70 231.71 233.08
Telecommunications equipment 545.90 559.04 596.25 136.29 144.80 149.94 18.23 19.16 23.74 232.49 216.13 223.52
Integrated circuits 390.84 412.71 416.94 42.24 38.13 37.05 4.56 4.04 4.45 76.79 81.43 91.29
Transport equipment 1458.03 1706.93 1840.59 385.32 397.16 374.12 54.21 68.67 81.60 693.71 828.05 878.45
Automotive products 1022.51 1202.67 1233.54 310.67 316.83 289.06 31.69 42.72 49.01 493.24 595.69 593.48
Other transport equipment 435.52 504.26 607.05 74.65 80.33 85.05 22.52 25.95 32.59 200.46 232.36 284.97
Other machinery 1460.08 1737.07 1945.86 297.24 318.31 337.21 47.76 60.40 78.22 584.19 713.80 772.52
Textiles 220.37 240.36 250.20 33.97 33.60 32.64 10.08 12.12 13.64 85.81 96.40 95.95
Clothing 309.14 345.83 361.89 84.51 86.18 82.84 5.94 7.79 7.91 150.56 165.61 180.23
Other manufactures 948.39 1093.03 1201.06 215.46 236.86 244.95 21.69 27.43 33.51 430.05 502.71 552.73
Personal and household goods 198.98 232.15 254.38 53.03 56.95 58.07 3.87 5.10 6.46 102.46 121.92 130.98
Scientific and controlling instruments 240.23 280.10 308.42 49.31 56.10 61.26 5.54 7.59 9.76 89.59 105.53 115.30
Miscellaneous manufactures 509.19 580.77 638.27 113.11 123.81 125.63 12.28 14.75 17.29 238.00 275.26 306.45
APPENDIX
Total merchandise exports b 11812.00 13656.00 15717.00 2365.19 2517.69 2708.31 362.78 447.93 582.70 5137.32 5971.19 6735.57
North America
Food 109.83 134.31 169.00 52.04 58.75 69.07 7.36 10.00 14.28 11.57 13.67 16.20
Fish 8.55 8.73 8.70 3.64 3.77 3.88 0.12 0.16 0.16 1.64 1.76 1.68
Raw materials 41.59 43.72 43.15 17.06 16.24 14.86 1.75 2.01 2.14 6.18 7.11 6.58
Fuels 151.24 172.52 253.43 121.07 136.63 187.74 11.80 14.67 22.45 10.57 11.85 26.91
Manufactures 1223.37 1325.77 1389.21 648.95 671.64 669.70 79.22 95.16 117.54 214.15 246.61 265.19
Iron and steel 23.18 26.96 35.52 17.49 18.92 23.81 1.20 1.67 3.75 1.83 2.75 3.17
Chemicals 174.09 199.78 228.91 68.58 72.58 79.90 16.08 20.10 26.56 48.94 58.49 63.40
Other chemicals 138.81 158.52 182.92 60.19 63.15 70.75 13.99 17.55 23.73 28.83 34.31 35.03
Other machinery 232.18 254.16 273.89 121.01 124.78 129.64 15.99 19.67 25.23 35.45 39.54 42.94
Textiles 17.24 16.96 16.48 10.49 9.97 9.17 3.24 3.41 3.53 1.42 1.48 1.50
Clothing 13.01 11.04 10.68 10.03 8.44 8.09 1.42 1.00 0.74 0.72 0.78 0.90
196
(Billion dollars)
CIS Africa Middle East Asia Destination
2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 Origin
World
34.01 42.90 55.24 37.34 49.90 64.89 39.57 49.31 69.06 205.15 244.25 295.16 Agricultural products
30.82 38.95 50.33 32.90 44.23 58.47 36.25 44.95 64.28 143.05 174.34 218.49 Food
2.25 2.97 3.57 1.67 2.11 2.66 0.96 1.08 1.35 24.10 24.85 27.38 Fish
28.57 35.98 46.76 31.23 42.12 55.81 35.29 43.88 62.92 118.95 149.49 191.11 Other food products
3.19 3.95 4.91 4.45 5.68 6.42 3.32 4.36 4.79 62.10 69.91 76.67 Raw materials
35.33 44.43 65.28 46.75 54.19 75.71 43.78 41.08 59.11 736.19 885.33 1201.99 Fuels and mining products
3.74 4.77 7.08 3.28 3.89 7.55 2.97 2.94 4.67 90.74 118.29 142.12 Ores and other minerals
28.48 35.78 53.98 40.28 45.83 63.16 34.69 30.79 45.02 559.05 662.13 950.27 Fuels
3.11 3.88 4.23 3.19 4.47 5.01 6.12 7.35 9.43 86.39 104.91 109.60 Non-ferrous metals
220.98 308.94 390.29 201.07 249.35 303.23 300.20 384.89 469.15 1828.06 2086.81 2320.48 Manufactures
11.89 17.31 22.46 12.31 16.11 22.86 24.11 34.70 48.02 81.94 104.96 135.20 Iron and steel
31.22 39.78 48.81 28.31 35.26 43.82 29.34 36.49 44.43 263.69 311.01 363.69 Chemicals
8.18 9.68 12.96 7.18 9.06 10.41 6.24 7.64 9.15 27.41 31.97 37.60 Pharmaceuticals
23.04 30.09 35.85 21.13 26.21 33.41 23.10 28.85 35.28 236.28 279.04 326.09 Other chemicals
24.41 32.07 39.97 21.74 27.88 34.07 40.76 50.25 60.90 132.11 151.10 173.65 Other semi-manufactures
110.33 158.20 203.20 103.14 126.71 155.68 154.51 197.86 240.21 1043.70 1183.51 1280.95 Machinery and transport equipment
20.25 24.94 27.05 19.22 21.00 23.07 31.88 35.53 37.62 507.77 553.74 563.97 Office and telecom equipment
6.61 8.02 7.73 5.56 6.17 6.58 9.12 11.37 12.46 132.33 143.47 143.69 EDP and office equipment
12.76 15.97 18.36 12.16 13.29 14.89 21.06 22.66 23.33 112.37 125.25 140.61 Telecommunications equipment
0.87 0.95 0.96 1.50 1.54 1.60 1.69 1.50 1.82 263.07 285.02 279.67 Integrated circuits
39.92 62.80 84.22 39.94 49.60 59.18 57.48 74.13 94.94 166.86 203.79 237.47 Transport equipment
31.66 52.38 69.15 29.86 36.46 42.56 38.95 54.26 69.69 83.95 101.63 117.75 Automotive products
8.25 10.43 15.06 10.08 13.14 16.62 18.53 19.86 25.25 82.91 102.17 119.71 Other transport equipment
50.17 70.45 91.94 43.99 56.11 73.43 65.15 88.20 107.65 369.07 425.98 479.51 Other machinery
6.92 8.48 10.74 12.63 14.69 16.47 12.51 14.29 16.75 57.56 59.74 63.10 Textiles
12.23 20.77 24.15 5.97 7.64 6.69 8.34 11.94 13.13 40.65 44.72 45.96 Clothing
23.98 32.34 40.95 16.98 21.06 23.65 30.63 39.35 45.72 208.40 231.78 257.93 Other manufactures
8.06 10.89 14.59 4.06 5.22 5.93 5.55 6.87 9.03 21.74 24.93 28.97 Personal and household goods
3.79 5.37 6.89 3.85 4.90 5.46 5.56 7.07 8.26 82.31 93.22 101.18 Scientific and controlling instruments
12.13 16.08 19.47 9.07 10.94 12.26 19.52 25.42 28.43 104.36 113.63 127.79 Miscellaneous manufactures
APPENDIX
293.93 401.73 516.72 294.08 363.99 457.73 396.87 490.94 618.11 2833.94 3294.22 3903.39 Total merchandise exports b
North America
1.34 2.04 2.88 4.01 6.58 8.15 3.08 4.49 6.43 30.33 38.45 51.80 Food
0.16 0.21 0.22 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 2.93 2.78 2.70 Fish
0.09 0.10 0.17 0.38 0.49 0.61 0.37 0.53 0.59 15.73 17.22 18.20 Raw materials
0.04 0.13 0.20 0.80 1.22 2.28 0.86 0.75 1.27 6.08 6.97 12.03 Fuels
6.49 9.55 12.27 14.68 17.61 20.33 33.11 39.70 47.99 226.26 244.79 255.39 Manufactures
0.12 0.09 0.11 0.49 0.54 0.55 0.59 0.70 0.75 1.46 2.28 3.34 Iron and steel
0.59 0.81 1.09 1.59 2.02 2.31 1.94 2.72 3.22 36.29 42.95 52.29 Chemicals
0.46 0.67 0.93 1.29 1.78 2.06 1.56 2.26 2.68 32.41 38.67 47.62 Other chemicals
2.37 3.71 4.99 4.81 6.03 7.25 7.24 10.98 12.43 45.25 49.41 51.39 Other machinery
0.06 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.17 1.80 1.80 1.92 Textiles
0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.17 0.14 0.21 0.62 0.62 0.68 Clothing
197
(Billion dollars)
Origin 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008

Food 90.11 111.43 140.77 14.85 16.40 17.52 13.57 18.26 25.56 28.83 36.24 44.23
Fish 8.17 8.33 9.41 2.64 2.61 2.63 0.70 0.87 1.09 2.93 2.89 3.36
Raw materials 11.87 14.41 16.10 3.93 3.84 3.95 1.17 1.45 1.65 3.36 4.53 4.96
Fuels 110.19 117.15 163.28 59.14 63.67 81.09 30.40 33.18 49.58 12.03 12.09 14.46
Manufactures 134.99 153.57 172.55 51.94 51.01 53.56 49.15 60.78 72.45 18.40 23.10 23.93
Iron and steel 16.33 19.26 21.78 5.65 5.48 5.56 3.92 4.68 5.87 3.38 4.66 3.92
Chemicals 25.95 30.21 36.94 8.39 8.72 11.58 11.43 13.87 16.80 3.76 4.96 5.69
Other chemicals 23.51 27.14 33.27 8.09 8.36 11.11 9.67 11.52 14.17 3.51 4.75 5.31
Other machinery 15.31 18.22 20.92 5.22 5.64 5.78 6.18 7.68 9.52 2.21 2.43 2.82
Textiles 2.79 3.39 3.83 0.79 0.89 0.85 1.64 2.14 2.62 0.21 0.20 0.19
Clothing 12.64 12.71 12.42 11.37 10.60 10.12 0.89 1.67 1.89 0.27 0.33 0.31
APPENDIX
Europe
Food 366.27 438.46 514.11 19.66 21.26 21.36 3.46 4.05 4.92 295.41 356.07 415.53
Fish 29.08 32.74 35.08 0.59 0.66 0.66 0.34 0.39 0.46 24.31 27.18 28.44
Raw materials 71.05 83.29 88.51 2.75 2.61 2.37 0.49 0.58 0.72 55.91 66.33 69.45
Fuels 361.33 394.99 551.95 36.38 40.68 49.19 2.27 2.78 2.42 294.06 313.16 443.66
Manufactures 3901.58 4545.39 4953.55 353.77 375.08 382.77 57.72 70.15 85.47 2822.59 3289.22 3530.68
Iron and steel 179.00 229.60 263.77 11.08 11.03 12.69 1.90 2.23 3.50 140.52 183.81 201.69
Chemicals 742.37 882.40 992.72 87.07 96.40 101.76 12.11 15.06 18.79 532.75 638.47 715.35
Other chemicals 493.43 586.29 653.25 47.13 49.14 50.04 8.03 9.84 12.26 363.33 437.17 485.63
Other machinery 745.00 910.83 1008.63 80.36 88.29 93.91 15.89 20.21 25.57 464.51 566.29 607.03
Textiles 83.53 93.13 92.05 4.65 4.69 4.16 0.62 0.74 0.80 63.34 70.67 68.86
Clothing 106.99 123.05 130.52 4.76 4.86 4.59 0.28 0.36 0.41 89.44 102.65 107.97
198
(Billion dollars)
2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 Origin

5.40 5.57 7.41 5.76 7.07 9.30 5.09 6.17 7.86 16.28 21.22 28.21 Food
0.13 0.17 0.21 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.05 0.04 0.06 1.52 1.49 1.78 Fish
0.13 0.17 0.22 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.12 0.22 0.24 3.04 4.04 4.78 Raw materials
0.01 0.00 0.29 1.11 1.39 1.47 0.24 0.27 0.21 5.60 5.37 13.55 Fuels
0.47 0.61 0.84 3.54 4.30 4.86 1.77 1.81 2.23 9.29 11.37 14.13 Manufactures
0.05 0.08 0.07 0.63 0.76 0.67 0.47 0.39 0.75 2.22 3.20 4.92 Iron and steel
0.06 0.06 0.06 0.46 0.55 0.59 0.12 0.17 0.14 1.63 1.74 1.94 Chemicals
0.04 0.04 0.05 0.44 0.53 0.56 0.10 0.15 0.12 1.58 1.68 1.85 Other chemicals
0.09 0.12 0.19 0.53 0.71 1.10 0.24 0.38 0.32 0.81 1.22 1.11 Other machinery
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.09 0.09 Textiles
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.05 Clothing
APPENDIX
Europe
11.93 14.92 18.99 10.26 12.52 17.43 8.36 9.47 12.57 16.42 19.26 22.33 Food
1.19 1.49 1.77 0.69 0.85 1.18 0.10 0.13 0.15 1.85 2.03 2.41 Fish
1.21 1.59 2.06 2.08 2.73 3.21 1.14 1.49 1.58 7.09 7.58 8.82 Raw materials
1.85 2.79 4.37 8.81 12.10 18.22 4.73 5.16 7.22 3.19 3.15 5.28 Fuels
124.73 166.62 209.05 96.04 116.31 140.06 110.98 132.10 160.88 320.40 374.93 418.50 Manufactures
2.49 3.42 3.95 4.99 6.51 10.27 8.15 10.32 17.46 9.44 11.76 13.71 Iron and steel
21.40 26.88 32.89 14.78 17.88 21.05 14.41 16.95 19.77 54.72 63.21 72.57 Chemicals
14.37 18.55 21.53 9.76 11.76 14.06 9.64 11.18 12.76 37.82 43.54 48.88 Other chemicals
33.83 45.94 58.98 26.08 33.13 42.09 30.96 40.63 46.69 91.34 113.15 130.57 Other machinery
3.22 3.86 4.32 4.45 5.25 5.70 1.55 1.70 2.06 5.19 5.61 5.62 Textiles
4.41 5.99 7.18 1.33 1.36 1.52 1.85 2.29 2.87 4.31 4.90 5.38 Clothing
199
(Billion dollars)
Origin 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008
Manufactures 105.95 132.47 174.78 7.26 6.27 9.07 2.73 3.93 6.30 36.32 46.09 60.77
Africa
Manufactures 69.64 81.23 99.87 6.94 7.65 9.65 1.23 1.49 2.35 36.24 41.15 46.49
Middle East
Manufactures 142.80 177.73 220.30 20.15 20.69 24.85 1.14 1.16 2.16 20.03 23.40 32.28
Asia
Food 134.52 163.85 204.98 20.51 23.17 26.37 1.46 2.08 3.07 21.19 25.86 31.52
Fish 29.19 31.10 35.15 7.74 7.94 8.90 0.13 0.23 0.25 5.10 5.57 6.32
Raw materials 43.46 49.14 55.05 4.94 5.38 6.35 0.86 1.07 1.28 7.37 8.29 9.11
Fuels 219.08 255.08 386.10 11.34 13.12 12.80 3.77 5.87 11.32 11.11 13.48 24.73
Manufactures 2681.36 3104.07 3447.83 652.02 693.87 712.96 59.21 77.62 102.86 532.30 636.62 702.47
Iron and steel 106.30 140.58 180.85 17.39 16.74 24.18 1.83 3.06 5.63 14.21 23.07 24.37
Chemicals 236.55 287.27 325.46 26.88 30.74 35.13 5.22 7.21 10.76 35.78 45.04 50.18
Other chemicals 215.57 261.28 295.57 21.14 23.68 28.51 4.55 6.33 9.62 30.14 38.14 40.89
APPENDIX
Other machinery 430.08 507.27 582.88 88.59 97.05 105.11 9.34 12.38 17.42 73.18 94.57 106.13
Textiles 105.62 114.04 123.92 17.37 17.44 17.74 4.53 5.79 6.61 18.26 21.13 22.28
Clothing 159.67 179.88 188.26 54.87 58.90 56.94 3.33 4.75 4.84 50.96 51.15 59.67
200
(Billion dollars)
2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 Origin

38.76 51.12 62.60 3.18 3.51 4.96 5.20 7.89 9.54 12.24 13.12 20.14 Manufactures
Africa
0.16 0.21 0.31 12.89 15.67 21.86 2.71 3.25 4.75 8.53 9.39 12.94 Manufactures
Middle East
5.56 7.54 5.76 15.21 18.44 17.75 55.71 75.94 85.23 23.28 28.42 47.75 Manufactures
Asia
3.35 4.51 6.02 6.37 8.89 12.62 8.34 10.90 17.21 72.82 87.65 106.93 Food
0.48 0.76 0.95 0.42 0.54 0.81 0.48 0.58 0.73 14.77 15.39 17.09 Fish
0.34 0.38 0.48 0.65 0.81 0.99 0.87 1.09 1.21 28.38 32.00 35.53 Raw materials
0.32 0.40 0.58 5.31 5.62 8.38 6.21 8.65 12.20 176.19 201.62 307.29 Fuels
44.82 73.29 99.45 55.55 73.51 93.41 90.71 124.19 158.53 1228.05 1404.78 1551.64 Manufactures
1.09 2.20 3.64 2.57 3.82 5.96 7.45 12.62 15.95 61.75 79.04 101.02 Iron and steel
3.23 4.41 5.43 5.59 7.75 9.58 5.53 7.73 9.79 152.80 182.87 203.25 Chemicals
2.70 3.81 4.71 4.15 5.66 7.20 5.13 7.17 9.09 146.38 175.05 194.26 Other chemicals
APPENDIX
5.38 9.21 13.66 9.19 11.90 17.97 15.69 22.93 30.25 228.63 259.14 292.14 Other machinery
2.39 3.23 4.97 6.21 7.37 8.81 6.76 7.35 8.67 49.91 51.59 54.71 Textiles
7.23 14.11 16.14 3.32 4.87 3.66 4.35 7.01 7.29 35.59 39.05 39.68 Clothing
a Includes unspecified destinations.

b Includes unspecified products.
Note : For sources and methods, see the Metadata.
201
Table A11
Merchandise trade by region and selected economies, 1998-2008 - United States
(Billion dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Exports
World 680.4 692.8 781.9 729.1 693.1 724.8 814.9 901.1 1026.0 1148.2 1287.4
North America 233.5 251.3 289.0 265.0 258.7 267.7 301.0 332.6 364.9 385.4 413.2
Canada 154.1 163.9 176.4 163.3 160.8 169.5 189.1 211.4 230.2 248.4 260.9
Mexico 79.0 87.0 112.0 101.3 97.5 97.6 110.7 120.2 133.7 135.9 151.2
South and Central America 62.7 54.6 58.8 57.6 50.9 51.5 60.7 71.5 87.2 105.4 135.0
Brazil 15.2 13.2 15.4 15.9 12.4 11.2 13.9 15.4 18.9 24.2 32.3
Other South and Central America 47.5 41.3 43.4 41.7 38.5 40.2 46.8 56.1 68.4 81.2 102.7
Europe 166.2 168.9 184.8 177.7 160.1 168.9 187.0 204.0 235.8 272.5 311.1
European Union (27) 152.7 155.0 168.8 162.6 147.3 155.2 171.9 186.0 212.7 244.2 271.8
Other Europe 13.4 13.9 16.0 15.1 12.8 13.8 15.0 17.9 23.1 28.3 39.3
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 4.6 2.8 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.8 5.9 7.1 10.5 13.8
Russian Federation 3.6 1.8 2.3 2.7 2.4 2.4 3.0 4.0 4.7 7.3 9.3
Other CIS 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.9 2.4 3.2 4.5
Africa 11.2 9.9 11.0 12.3 10.7 10.7 13.4 15.5 18.8 24.1 28.8
South Africa 3.1 3.7 3.1 3.0 2.5 2.8 3.2 3.9 4.5 5.5 6.5
Other Africa 8.1 6.2 7.9 9.4 8.1 7.9 10.2 11.6 14.4 18.5 22.3
Middle East 23.6 20.9 19.1 19.2 18.9 19.4 23.5 31.5 37.2 45.1 55.0
Asia 178.2 184.0 215.6 193.1 189.7 202.7 224.1 239.5 274.2 304.4 329.4
China 14.3 13.1 16.3 19.2 22.1 28.4 34.4 41.2 53.7 62.9 69.7
Japan 57.9 57.5 65.3 57.5 51.4 52.1 53.6 54.7 58.5 61.2 65.1
Six East Asian traders 77.5 85.0 102.5 87.3 85.0 88.6 100.2 103.7 116.8 125.8 131.0
Other Asia 28.6 28.4 31.5 29.0 31.2 33.6 35.9 40.0 45.3 54.6 63.6
Imports
World 944.4 1059.2 1259.3 1179.2 1200.2 1303.1 1525.7 1732.7 1918.1 2020.4 2169.5
North America 274.0 312.5 370.7 352.6 349.2 366.5 417.7 464.6 507.9 531.6 559.0
Canada 177.9 201.4 232.7 219.9 213.5 227.6 259.7 291.9 307.7 317.5 339.1
Mexico 96.1 111.1 137.6 132.7 135.9 139.5 157.9 172.5 200.4 213.3 218.6
Brazil 10.6 11.9 14.6 15.2 16.7 18.9 22.7 26.2 28.0 27.2 32.1
APPENDIX
Europe 202.5 224.5 255.5 252.8 259.7 282.0 317.5 346.8 369.9 393.5 409.6
European Union (27) 186.4 206.1 235.0 233.6 239.5 260.8 292.4 319.7 341.2 364.9 377.9
Other Europe 16.1 18.4 20.6 19.3 20.2 21.2 25.1 27.1 28.7 28.6 31.7
Other CIS 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.3 2.3 3.6 4.6 6.3 10.5
Africa 17.0 18.0 29.1 26.8 23.3 33.9 48.3 67.9 83.8 95.2 117.3
South Africa 3.7 2.8 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.8 6.2 6.1 7.7 9.3 10.1
Other Africa 13.3 15.2 24.7 22.2 19.1 29.1 42.2 61.8 76.1 85.9 107.1
Middle East 20.3 26.8 40.9 38.7 35.8 43.9 54.2 65.7 74.7 80.3 115.3
Asia 369.6 408.5 475.7 428.6 450.2 482.6 567.7 638.0 716.0 751.4 762.4
China 75.1 87.8 107.6 109.4 133.4 163.2 210.5 259.8 305.7 340.3 356.6
Japan 125.1 134.9 150.7 129.6 124.5 121.1 133.4 142.0 152.2 149.6 143.6
Other Asia 47.2 49.8 58.0 54.4 56.8 60.0 66.7 73.9 83.2 88.5 95.3
202
Table A12
Merchandise trade by region and selected economies, 2004-2008 - European Union (27)
(Billion dollars)
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2000-08 2005 2006 2007 2008
Exports
World 3762.5 4065.3 4591.2 5338.7 5898.4 12 8 13 16 10
North America 337.1 362.5 393.0 419.3 434.7 7 8 8 7 4
United States 290.3 311.0 334.4 354.3 362.7 7 7 8 6 2
Other North America 46.8 51.4 58.7 65.0 72.0 10 10 14 11 11
South and Central America 46.7 53.5 61.5 74.2 89.0 10 15 15 21 20
Brazil 17.4 19.7 21.9 28.5 37.6 12 13 11 30 32
Other South and Central America 29.3 33.8 39.6 45.7 51.4 8 15 17 15 12
Europe 2787.8 2987.9 3394.4 3942.9 4313.5 12 7 14 16 9
European Union (27) 2577.1 2755.6 3135.6 3638.0 3973.5 11 7 14 16 9
Other Europe 210.8 232.3 258.8 304.9 340.0 12 10 11 18 12
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 82.0 100.8 131.7 174.5 218.3 28 23 31 33 25
Russian Federation 56.6 70.1 89.9 120.8 153.2 29 24 28 34 27
Other CIS 25.5 30.8 41.8 53.6 65.2 26 21 36 28 22
Africa 92.7 105.9 113.3 138.5 171.8 14 14 7 22 24
South Africa 19.4 22.3 24.6 27.7 28.9 13 15 10 12 5
Other Africa 73.4 83.7 88.7 110.8 142.9 15 14 6 25 29
Middle East 93.7 108.4 113.2 132.3 156.1 14 16 4 17 18
Asia 285.0 305.5 337.6 395.9 440.5 11 7 11 17 11
China 59.4 63.7 79.1 97.3 113.7 22 7 24 23 17
Japan 52.9 53.4 55.2 58.5 60.4 5 1 3 6 3
Six East Asian traders 100.7 108.6 117.7 133.5 145.6 9 8 8 13 9
Other Asia 71.9 79.8 85.6 106.7 120.9 13 11 7 25 13
Imports
World 3854.5 4222.3 4830.4 5602.6 6255.8 12 10 14 16 12
North America 227.4 238.1 257.3 296.4 323.7 5 5 8 15 9
United States 197.1 203.3 219.0 248.0 268.3 5 3 8 13 8
Other North America 30.3 34.7 38.3 48.4 55.5 11 15 10 26 15
South and Central America 68.9 76.6 93.7 109.4 128.6 14 11 22 17 17
Brazil 27.0 29.9 34.1 44.8 52.1 15 11 14 31 16
APPENDIX
Other South and Central America 41.9 46.7 59.7 64.6 76.5 14 11 28 8 18
Europe 2769.2 2969.6 3377.6 3919.9 4298.9 12 7 14 16 10
European Union (27) 2576.4 2754.2 3133.2 3638.0 3973.5 12 7 14 16 9
Other Europe 192.8 215.4 244.4 281.8 325.4 13 12 13 15 15
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 132.4 176.8 224.6 252.4 329.5 21 34 27 12 31
Russian Federation 105.3 142.7 178.5 197.9 254.0 20 36 25 11 28
Other CIS 27.1 34.1 46.1 54.5 75.6 26 26 35 18 39
Africa 103.1 128.9 146.5 164.3 214.2 14 25 14 12 30
South Africa 19.5 20.7 23.0 28.4 32.3 12 7 11 23 14
Other Africa 83.6 108.2 123.5 135.9 181.8 15 29 14 10 34
Middle East 59.9 82.9 87.0 93.0 111.0 11 38 5 7 19
Asia 468.9 520.0 602.3 717.0 784.5 12 11 16 19 9
China 160.0 199.2 244.4 317.5 363.7 23 25 23 30 15
Japan 92.8 92.1 96.9 107.3 109.9 3 -1 5 11 2
Six East Asian traders 137.0 145.4 165.1 179.7 184.9 8 6 14 9 3
Other Asia 79.0 83.3 96.0 112.6 125.9 11 5 15 17 12
203
Table A13
Merchandise trade by region and selected economies, 1998-2008 - Japan
(Billion dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Exports
World 388.1 417.6 479.2 403.5 416.7 471.8 565.7 594.9 646.7 714.3 782.0
North America 130.4 141.1 156.9 133.4 131.5 128.6 142.5 151.7 164.7 164.5 158.1
United States 118.4 119.8 144.0 122.6 120.4 117.5 128.7 135.9 145.5 143.7 137.4
Other North America 12.0 21.3 12.9 10.9 11.1 11.1 13.8 15.8 19.3 20.8 20.7
Brazil 2.6 2.0 2.5 2.5 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.0 4.0 5.9
Europe 78.7 81.2 85.4 70.2 67.2 80.0 94.8 93.5 100.7 112.7 119.3
European Union (27) 73.3 76.5 80.6 66.7 64.0 75.7 89.3 87.8 94.0 105.4 110.2
Other Europe 5.4 4.7 4.8 3.5 3.2 4.3 5.5 5.7 6.7 7.2 9.1
Other CIS 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.7 2.8
Africa 5.7 5.3 4.2 3.7 3.9 4.8 6.6 7.0 8.7 10.5 12.5
South Africa 1.6 2.1 1.9 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.9 3.3 4.1 4.6 4.6
Other Africa 4.1 3.2 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.8 3.7 3.7 4.6 5.9 7.9
Middle East 12.4 9.8 9.7 10.5 11.4 12.9 14.5 16.5 19.2 26.2 34.0
Asia 144.1 165.9 207.3 171.7 189.5 231.2 288.7 303.5 322.2 361.0 406.2
China ... ... 42.5 42.3 52.5 72.9 92.9 98.4 111.5 129.7 146.2
Six East Asian traders ... ... 130.0 99.1 105.9 122.6 153.6 161.2 167.0 179.8 196.9
Other Asia 27.0 30.2 34.8 30.3 31.1 35.7 42.3 43.8 43.6 51.5 63.2
Imports
World 280.6 310.0 379.5 349.1 337.2 382.9 454.5 516.7 579.1 622.2 762.6
North America 76.4 77.1 83.6 73.5 67.7 69.2 74.2 77.0 80.4 84.1 94.3
United States 76.0 67.5 72.5 63.7 58.7 59.9 63.6 65.5 68.0 70.9 77.7
Brazil 2.9 2.7 3.0 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.7 4.4 5.1 6.0 8.7
Europe 44.2 48.5 52.6 50.3 49.6 55.7 64.5 65.7 66.8 72.5 79.6
APPENDIX
European Union (27) 39.6 43.3 47.7 45.6 44.8 50.1 58.0 58.9 59.8 64.9 70.3
Other Europe 4.5 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.8 5.6 6.5 6.8 7.0 7.6 9.3
Other CIS 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.5
Africa 3.9 4.0 4.9 4.5 5.7 6.4 8.7 9.9 13.5 15.3 21.4
South Africa 2.7 3.6 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.6 4.6 5.5 6.6 7.7 9.0
Other Africa 1.2 0.5 1.9 1.7 2.8 2.9 4.1 4.3 6.9 7.6 12.4
Middle East 25.5 30.3 49.2 44.3 40.7 51.2 62.7 87.5 109.1 114.0 166.7
Asia 119.7 138.3 176.0 165.2 163.1 188.1 227.8 257.6 283.3 303.2 361.1
China 37.1 42.9 55.1 57.9 61.8 75.4 94.3 108.6 118.0 127.5 143.3
Other Asia 37.0 39.6 49.4 45.9 44.3 49.3 59.0 67.6 76.3 84.5 113.2
204
Table A14
Merchandise trade by region and selected economies, 1998-2008 - China
(Billion dollars)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Exports
World 183.8 194.9 249.2 266.1 325.6 438.2 593.3 762.0 969.0 1218.6 1428.3
North America 40.8 45.2 73.9 77.5 100.4 130.4 176.2 226.0 284.2 326.2 349.9
United States 38.0 42.0 68.2 71.1 91.4 119.2 159.7 204.9 255.0 289.4 308.2
Brazil 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.5 2.1 3.7 4.8 7.4 11.4 18.8
Europe 31.8 34.0 51.6 55.4 67.2 100.8 140.5 186.8 244.3 317.7 371.5
European Union (27) 29.8 32.1 49.1 53.4 64.7 96.5 134.4 178.3 231.4 299.2 351.7
Other Europe 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.5 4.2 6.0 8.5 12.9 18.5 19.8
Other CIS 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.6 3.3 4.7 8.2 12.2 19.5 31.5
Africa 4.0 4.1 4.9 5.9 6.9 10.1 13.6 18.5 26.2 36.5 50.2
South Africa 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 2.0 3.0 3.8 5.8 7.4 8.6
Other Africa 3.1 3.2 3.9 4.8 5.6 8.1 10.7 14.7 20.4 29.1 41.6
Middle East 4.1 4.6 6.2 7.1 9.5 13.3 16.9 22.2 29.6 44.0 58.4
Asia 96.1 100.4 103.5 110.3 130.0 165.9 219.1 269.2 329.5 405.3 476.2
Japan 29.7 32.4 44.3 49.0 55.3 70.8 89.6 102.4 112.0 124.8 138.5
Other Asia 10.8 11.7 16.7 17.7 22.2 30.5 43.0 55.2 71.6 100.3 125.7
Imports
World 140.2 165.7 225.1 243.6 295.2 412.8 561.2 660.0 791.5 956.1 1132.5
North America 19.3 22.0 26.6 31.0 32.0 40.0 54.2 58.5 69.6 83.8 98.2
United States 16.9 19.5 22.4 26.2 27.3 33.9 44.8 48.7 59.3 69.5 81.7
Brazil 1.1 1.0 1.6 2.3 3.0 5.8 8.7 10.0 12.9 18.3 29.6
Europe 22.0 27.4 33.5 39.0 43.1 59.1 76.2 79.9 97.2 120.0 144.6
APPENDIX
European Union (27) 20.9 25.8 31.3 36.4 39.8 55.0 70.5 74.0 90.6 110.9 132.8
Other Europe 1.2 1.6 2.2 2.6 3.3 4.2 5.7 5.9 6.6 9.0 11.8
Other CIS 0.7 1.1 1.6 1.7 2.2 3.4 4.1 4.8 5.2 8.3 10.0
Africa 1.5 2.4 5.6 4.8 5.4 8.4 15.6 21.1 28.8 36.4 55.9
South Africa 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.8 3.0 3.4 4.1 6.6 9.2
Other Africa 0.8 1.5 4.5 3.6 4.2 6.5 12.7 17.6 24.7 29.7 46.7
Middle East 3.2 3.6 10.0 9.2 9.5 14.4 21.6 31.0 40.8 47.9 80.0
Asia 84.0 98.1 137.1 144.0 187.3 264.5 357.7 424.3 500.8 592.2 651.5
China 28.3 33.8 7.2 8.8 15.0 25.1 38.7 55.2 73.3 85.8 92.3
Japan 47.6 54.1 41.5 42.8 53.5 74.1 94.3 100.4 115.7 133.9 150.6
Other Asia 0.0 0.0 15.4 16.3 19.6 28.4 42.2 54.4 65.0 86.0 102.3
205
Table A15
Merchandise trade of the United States by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2008
Exports Imports
1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2008 1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2008
Value
World 22.9 72.4 205.6 464.8 724.8 1287.4 17.1 70.3 269.9 1303.1 2169.5
Share
World 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
North America 21.2 26.4 25.4 30.6 36.9 32.1 25.7 28.6 26.1 25.6 28.1 25.8
South and Central America 11.6 9.5 7.9 7.9 7.1 10.5 20.1 10.3 9.5 6.1 6.4 7.7
Europe 29.7 28.8 26.8 24.9 23.3 24.2 27.5 27.6 21.1 20.1 21.6 18.9
European Union (27) - - - ... 21.4 21.1 - - - ... 20.0 17.4
Other Europe - - - ... 1.9 3.1 - - - ... 1.6 1.5
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) - - - 0.8 0.5 1.1 - - - 0.4 0.8 1.8
Russian Federation - - - 0.6 0.3 0.7 - - - 0.3 0.7 1.3
Africa 4.3 3.1 3.7 2.0 1.5 2.2 4.7 4.3 5.6 2.6 2.6 5.4
South Africa 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.5 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.5
Other Africa 3.1 2.1 2.7 1.5 1.1 1.7 3.2 3.8 4.8 2.3 2.2 4.9
Middle East 2.4 3.0 6.5 3.6 2.7 4.3 1.8 2.4 2.8 2.7 3.4 5.3
Asia 20.6 23.3 26.0 30.1 28.0 25.6 19.6 26.1 34.5 42.5 37.0 35.1
Japan 7.5 11.4 10.1 10.3 7.2 5.1 8.8 13.8 16.1 18.3 9.3 6.6
China 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.9 3.9 5.4 0.0 0.1 0.9 5.6 12.5 16.4
Six East Asian traders 3.0 5.6 9.2 13.4 12.2 10.2 2.9 7.5 12.2 14.4 10.6 7.7
Other Asia 10.1 6.3 5.3 4.5 4.6 4.9 7.9 4.8 5.3 4.1 4.6 4.4
Total merchandise 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Food 21.5 23.2 17.3 10.1 8.1 8.7 23.3 13.6 7.8 5.3 4.7 4.4
Fish 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.3 2.3 2.0 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.7
Raw materials 6.3 5.5 4.3 3.2 2.4 2.1 10.0 4.7 2.5 2.0 1.3 1.0
Fuels 4.1 2.3 4.7 2.1 1.9 6.0 11.6 12.8 22.3 9.8 12.5 23.1
APPENDIX
Manufactures 61.4 62.8 66.8 76.6 81.3 74.8 40.5 60.5 60.5 77.1 76.0 65.3
Iron and steel 2.3 1.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.6 3.8 4.3 2.7 1.8 1.1 2.3
Chemicals 8.6 8.1 9.9 9.9 13.0 14.0 3.3 11.1 4.2 5.1 8.0 8.3
Other chemicals 7.4 7.2 8.6 8.6 10.3 11.0 3.0 10.9 3.7 4.4 5.5 5.6
EDP and office equipment ... ... 5.7 6.7 5.7 3.7 ... ... 2.6 7.3 6.3 4.8
Telecommunications equipment ... ... 1.8 3.1 3.3 3.1 ... ... 4.3 4.6 5.6 5.9
Integrated circuits ... ... 2.3 4.3 6.6 3.9 ... ... 2.0 3.5 2.0 1.2
Other machinery 18.4 15.3 15.3 22.2 16.4 15.1 3.8 6.8 7.7 11.5 10.6 10.7
Power generating machinery 0.6 0.5 2.6 4.2 2.9 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.7 1.5 1.3 1.6
Non-electrical machinery 14.2 11.0 9.3 9.0 8.5 9.4 2.8 4.4 4.3 5.8 5.1 5.3
Electrical machinery 3.6 3.8 3.4 9.0 5.0 4.1 1.0 2.3 2.6 4.2 4.2 3.9
Textiles 2.1 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.0 4.0 2.2 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.1
Clothing 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.8 0.3 2.3 3.1 3.9 5.9 5.5 3.8
Personal and household goods ... ... ... 0.8 0.7 0.6 ... ... ... 3.5 3.7 2.9
Scientific and controlling instruments ... ... ... 3.4 4.3 3.8 ... ... ... 1.4 1.8 1.7
Miscellaneous manufactures ... ... ... 5.7 5.6 5.2 ... ... ... 7.2 6.5 5.3
206
Table A16
Merchandise trade of Europe by region and by product, 2004-2008
Exports Imports
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Value
World 4051.1 4397.0 4976.0 5791.3 6446.6 4161.3 4573.6 5238.5 6089.8 6820.0
Share
World 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Intra-Europe 73.8 73.3 73.7 73.6 72.8 71.7 70.1 69.5 69.6 68.2
European Union (27) 68.4 67.8 68.2 68.0 67.2 66.8 65.1 64.6 64.6 63.1
Other Europe 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1
Inter-regional trade 25.2 25.7 25.3 25.3 25.9 27.6 29.2 29.6 29.6 30.8
North America 9.1 9.0 8.6 7.9 7.4 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.3
South and Central America 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.7 3.6 4.4 4.9 4.9 5.7
Russian Federation 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.9 3.5 3.9 3.8 4.4
Africa 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.4
South Africa 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Other Africa 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.8
Middle East 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.9 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.9
Asia 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.5 12.1 12.3 12.4 12.8 12.6
Japan 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8
China 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 4.1 4.7 5.0 5.6 5.8
Australia and New Zealand 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3
Six East Asian traders 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.0
Other Asia 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7
Total merchandise 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Agricultural products 9.2 9.1 8.8 9.0 9.3 9.7 9.4 9.0 9.3 9.6
Food 7.7 7.6 7.4 7.6 8.0 8.0 7.7 7.3 7.7 8.1
Fish 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7
Other food products 7.1 7.0 6.8 7.0 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.6 6.9 7.4
Raw materials 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5
Fuels and mining products 7.8 9.4 10.8 10.5 11.9 12.2 15.2 17.4 16.7 19.4
APPENDIX
Ores and other minerals 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.8
Fuels 5.2 6.7 7.3 6.8 8.6 8.8 11.8 12.9 11.9 15.1
Non-ferrous metals 1.7 1.8 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.9 2.9 2.4
Manufactures 80.8 79.4 78.4 78.5 76.8 75.7 73.5 71.8 72.2 69.3
Iron and steel 3.3 3.4 3.6 4.0 4.1 3.1 3.2 3.4 4.0 3.9
Chemicals 14.9 15.1 14.9 15.2 15.4 12.6 12.7 12.4 12.8 12.8
Pharmaceuticals 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.3 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9
Other chemicals 9.9 10.0 9.9 10.1 10.1 8.7 8.8 8.6 9.0 8.9
Other semi-manufactures 8.6 8.4 8.3 8.5 8.2 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.8 7.4
Machinery and transport equipment 40.2 39.1 38.8 38.2 37.0 37.8 36.1 35.3 34.4 32.3
Office and telecom equipment 8.3 8.7 8.7 7.1 6.4 10.5 10.5 10.7 9.1 8.3
EDP and office equipment 3.4 3.4 3.3 2.8 2.5 4.7 4.6 4.6 3.8 3.4
Telecommunications equipment 3.4 3.8 4.1 3.1 2.9 3.9 4.3 4.7 4.1 3.7
Integrated circuits 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.2
Transport equipment 16.8 15.6 15.1 15.4 14.9 15.1 13.7 12.9 13.2 12.3
Automotive products 12.0 11.5 11.1 11.5 10.5 10.5 9.8 9.4 9.7 8.6
Other transport equipment 4.7 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.4 4.6 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.7
Other machinery 15.1 14.8 15.0 15.7 15.6 12.2 11.8 11.6 12.2 11.7
Textiles 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.4 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4
Clothing 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.8
Other manufactures 9.4 9.2 9.0 8.9 8.7 9.2 9.1 8.7 8.8 8.6
Personal and household goods 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1
Scientific and controlling instruments 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6
Miscellaneous manufactures 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.9
207
Table A17
Merchandise trade of Japan by region and by product, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2008
Exports Imports
1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2008 1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2008
Value
World 5.5 36.9 147.0 362.2 471.8 782.0 6.7 38.3 126.4 241.6 382.9 762.6
Share
World 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
North America 30.7 29.2 32.4 32.2 27.3 20.2 37.6 30.2 24.6 26.9 18.1 12.4
South and Central America 5.3 5.2 2.3 3.3 1.4 2.5 6.4 4.4 3.5 2.8 2.0 2.9
Europe 13.3 17.9 15.8 18.3 17.0 15.3 10.0 10.6 8.8 15.5 14.5 10.4
European Union (27) ... ... ... 16.9 16.0 14.1 ... ... ... ... 13.1 9.2
Other Europe ... ... ... 1.4 0.9 1.2 ... ... ... ... 1.5 1.2
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) - - - 0.5 0.5 2.5 - - - 1.2 1.2 1.9
Russian Federation - - - 0.4 0.4 2.1 - - - 1.1 1.1 1.7
Africa 6.3 4.1 3.6 2.0 1.0 1.6 3.9 4.5 2.6 1.6 1.7 2.8
South Africa 1.5 1.6 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.6 1.9 1.5 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.2
Other Africa 4.8 2.4 2.4 1.5 0.6 1.0 2.0 3.1 1.3 0.8 0.7 1.6
Middle East 3.2 4.1 10.8 3.3 2.7 4.4 11.2 12.5 26.5 11.3 13.4 21.9
Asia 34.9 31.6 31.0 40.1 49.0 51.9 28.2 34.5 32.6 40.3 49.1 47.4
China a 1.1 2.8 3.3 4.8 15.4 18.7 1.1 2.5 4.0 8.5 19.7 18.8
Six East Asian traders 15.8 18.0 17.8 28.3 26.0 25.2 8.4 9.8 9.7 17.0 16.5 13.7
Australia and New Zealand 3.7 3.9 3.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 8.5 10.2 6.0 5.8 4.5 6.6
Other Asia 14.2 6.9 6.3 4.6 5.1 5.5 10.3 12.0 12.9 9.1 8.4 8.3
Total merchandise 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Food 5.9 2.4 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.5 20.8 18.9 13.5 17.3 12.3 8.7
Fish 3.7 1.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 2.6 3.1 5.8 3.3 1.8
Raw materials 3.0 1.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 23.7 17.1 7.1 7.3 2.9 1.9
Fuels 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 2.4 18.0 21.8 46.7 20.4 21.2 35.0
APPENDIX
Manufactures 88.8 93.1 95.6 95.5 93.0 88.8 22.4 25.6 21.5 46.1 57.0 44.9
Iron and steel 12.9 14.4 8.7 4.0 3.8 5.7 1.3 0.6 1.1 1.7 0.9 1.5
Chemicals 5.8 5.8 4.6 5.6 8.3 8.8 5.5 4.9 5.5 7.3 7.7 7.3
Other chemicals 5.3 5.5 4.4 5.1 7.6 8.4 4.9 3.9 4.6 5.7 6.1 5.8
EDP and office equipment ... ... 4.8 9.1 5.1 3.1 ... ... 0.8 2.9 6.3 3.2
Telecommunications equipment ... ... 11.1 8.1 6.5 4.5 ... ... 0.4 1.8 3.4 3.2
Integrated circuits ... ... 2.5 6.1 7.5 5.7 ... ... 0.7 2.2 4.5 3.1
Other machinery 8.4 12.9 16.8 20.1 20.4 21.3 7.5 4.4 3.0 5.6 8.7 7.9
Power generating machinery 0.2 0.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.1
Non-electrical machinery 4.6 8.1 10.3 12.4 12.6 13.7 5.4 2.8 1.6 2.7 4.1 3.4
Electrical machinery 3.6 4.3 5.1 6.4 6.6 6.0 1.3 1.3 0.9 2.1 3.4 3.4
Textiles 16.8 6.6 3.6 1.9 1.4 0.9 0.6 3.0 1.2 1.6 1.3 0.9
Clothing 3.9 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.5 1.2 5.2 5.1 3.4
a Includes significant shipments recorded as exports to Hong Kong, China with China as final destination.
208
209
APPENDIX
Table A18
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Canada
(Billion dollars)
South & Central

North America America Europe CIS Africa Middle East Asia
exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp exp imp
Agricultural products 2007 28.97 17.17 1.36 2.62 3.96 3.50 0.30 0.12 1.20 0.45 1.03 0.08 11.90 3.45
2008 30.27 19.10 1.82 2.85 4.26 3.76 0.53 0.11 1.89 0.54 1.57 0.07 13.79 3.81
Food 2007 19.04 14.45 1.28 2.34 2.41 3.21 0.29 0.10 1.05 0.40 0.88 0.07 6.97 2.74
2008 22.20 16.49 1.74 2.55 2.94 3.48 0.52 0.08 1.72 0.48 1.40 0.07 8.83 3.00
Fish 2007 2.27 0.71 0.05 0.17 0.57 0.09 0.09 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.67 0.88
2008 2.30 0.74 0.05 0.17 0.47 0.09 0.12 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.71 0.87
Other food products 2007 16.77 13.74 1.23 2.16 1.85 3.12 0.20 0.06 1.04 0.39 0.88 0.07 6.30 1.86
2008 19.90 15.75 1.68 2.39 2.47 3.40 0.40 0.04 1.72 0.47 1.40 0.06 8.12 2.13
Raw materials 2007 9.93 2.72 0.09 0.28 1.55 0.29 0.01 0.02 0.15 0.05 0.15 0.01 4.93 0.71
2008 8.07 2.62 0.08 0.29 1.32 0.28 0.01 0.03 0.17 0.06 0.17 0.00 4.96 0.81
Fuels and mining products 2007 103.58 18.35 0.77 4.32 10.55 12.21 0.02 1.34 0.17 6.98 0.15 3.24 8.50 1.36
2008 136.87 25.05 1.39 4.24 11.64 14.18 0.03 2.68 0.33 10.98 0.25 4.48 10.76 1.84
Ores and other minerals 2007 3.06 3.80 0.14 1.66 6.71 0.39 0.01 0.00 0.10 0.34 0.05 0.00 3.33 0.50
2008 4.41 4.54 0.49 1.58 5.81 0.34 0.01 0.00 0.31 0.13 0.11 0.00 4.20 0.52
Fuels 2007 83.96 10.80 0.49 1.90 1.13 11.36 0.01 1.25 0.01 6.56 0.04 3.23 1.86 0.27
2008 117.08 16.83 0.78 1.91 3.94 13.33 0.01 2.59 0.02 10.76 0.04 4.47 3.98 0.66
Non-ferrous metals 2007 16.56 3.75 0.14 0.75 2.72 0.46 0.00 0.10 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.01 3.31 0.60
2008 15.38 3.68 0.12 0.75 1.88 0.51 0.00 0.09 0.01 0.09 0.10 0.01 2.58 0.66
Manufactures 2007 186.04 183.23 3.91 3.07 19.14 37.18 1.12 0.37 1.70 0.89 1.73 0.93 10.85 68.26
2008 173.39 181.72 4.77 2.77 18.18 40.60 1.41 0.60 1.70 0.89 2.29 1.27 12.55 72.95
Iron and steel 2007 6.46 6.59 0.10 0.29 0.26 1.46 0.01 0.09 0.03 0.09 0.05 0.01 0.21 2.02
2008 8.30 7.82 0.22 0.41 0.42 1.69 0.01 0.16 0.06 0.14 0.05 0.01 0.27 2.29
Chemicals 2007 25.49 24.37 0.60 0.54 4.90 10.32 0.05 0.14 0.10 0.29 0.16 0.30 3.40 3.03
2008 28.31 25.32 1.13 0.78 3.27 10.70 0.07 0.29 0.16 0.37 0.18 0.56 4.79 3.00
Pharmaceuticals 2007 4.82 3.56 0.08 0.07 0.95 6.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.06 0.22 0.22 0.44
2008 4.59 3.22 0.09 0.10 1.16 6.68 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.07 0.25 0.22 0.50
Other chemicals 2007 20.67 20.81 0.51 0.47 3.95 4.32 0.04 0.14 0.07 0.29 0.10 0.09 3.18 2.60
2008 23.72 22.10 1.04 0.68 2.11 4.02 0.05 0.29 0.14 0.37 0.11 0.32 4.57 2.50
Other semi-manufactures 2007 25.85 17.50 0.78 0.32 3.10 3.12 0.07 0.05 0.18 0.03 0.23 0.16 0.77 5.61
2008 24.18 18.14 0.92 0.35 3.80 3.12 0.08 0.06 0.25 0.05 0.37 0.18 0.92 6.29
Machinery and transport equipment 2007 108.15 111.71 2.09 1.46 8.86 16.89 0.84 0.05 1.27 0.33 1.12 0.28 5.32 37.55
2008 93.92 106.77 2.15 0.81 8.84 19.46 1.09 0.05 1.07 0.20 1.46 0.31 5.37 39.48
Office and telecom equipment 2007 10.66 12.29 0.35 0.09 2.20 1.19 0.07 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.14 0.14 1.67 17.60
2008 10.63 12.15 0.27 0.09 1.78 1.29 0.08 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.16 0.13 1.29 18.66
EDP and office equipment 2007 3.00 4.64 0.13 0.02 0.71 0.53 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.34 7.97
2008 2.81 4.40 0.13 0.02 0.65 0.54 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.08 0.03 0.36 8.02
APPENDIX
Telecommunications equipment 2007 6.00 6.10 0.21 0.01 1.26 0.49 0.02 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.08 0.10 0.94 7.52
2008 5.49 6.29 0.14 0.01 0.85 0.54 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.07 0.10 0.64 8.30
Integrated circuits 2007 1.66 1.55 0.01 0.05 0.24 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.40 2.11
2008 2.33 1.47 0.01 0.05 0.29 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.28 2.35
Transport equipment 2007 73.59 65.52 0.71 1.06 3.10 5.73 0.21 0.04 0.71 0.02 0.33 0.01 1.21 10.36
2008 58.66 59.37 0.66 0.39 3.22 6.67 0.22 0.03 0.43 0.02 0.42 0.05 1.23 10.36
Automotive products 2007 63.89 53.80 0.40 0.33 0.57 3.98 0.10 0.00 0.30 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.47 8.67
2008 50.27 47.62 0.31 0.26 0.44 4.44 0.08 0.00 0.20 0.01 0.14 0.01 0.31 8.70
Other transport equipment 2007 9.69 11.72 0.30 0.73 2.53 1.75 0.10 0.03 0.41 0.01 0.24 0.01 0.73 1.69
2008 8.40 11.74 0.35 0.13 2.79 2.23 0.14 0.03 0.23 0.01 0.27 0.05 0.92 1.66
Other machinery 2007 23.90 33.90 1.03 0.32 3.57 9.97 0.56 0.01 0.46 0.30 0.64 0.13 2.44 9.59
2008 24.62 35.25 1.22 0.33 3.83 11.51 0.79 0.02 0.54 0.17 0.89 0.13 2.85 10.46
Power generating machinery 2007 3.88 4.00 0.16 0.05 1.28 1.92 0.03 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.13 0.04 0.34 0.49
2008 4.28 4.22 0.20 0.05 1.55 2.61 0.03 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.22 0.04 0.42 0.61
Non-electrical machinery 2007 14.70 20.28 0.71 0.17 1.74 6.51 0.50 0.01 0.35 0.28 0.42 0.04 1.54 5.28
2008 15.18 21.66 0.82 0.19 1.73 7.04 0.72 0.01 0.40 0.13 0.56 0.05 1.87 5.54
Electrical machinery 2007 5.32 9.61 0.16 0.10 0.54 1.54 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.09 0.05 0.56 3.82
2008 5.16 9.37 0.20 0.09 0.55 1.86 0.04 0.01 0.06 0.04 0.10 0.05 0.56 4.31
Textiles 2007 2.03 2.47 0.06 0.05 0.10 0.49 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.10 1.36
2008 1.73 2.33 0.04 0.03 0.08 0.50 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.11 1.40
Clothing 2007 1.39 0.75 0.01 0.19 0.13 0.58 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.02 0.04 5.98
2008 1.07 0.82 0.01 0.20 0.12 0.56 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.04 6.56
Other manufactures 2007 16.68 19.83 0.27 0.22 1.80 4.33 0.13 0.02 0.12 0.05 0.15 0.12 1.02 12.70
2008 15.88 20.54 0.30 0.19 1.65 4.58 0.14 0.02 0.13 0.04 0.21 0.14 1.04 13.93
Personal and household goods 2007 5.42 3.17 0.03 0.11 0.12 0.90 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.05 4.23
2008 4.68 3.06 0.03 0.07 0.09 0.93 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.05 4.63
Scientific and controlling 2007 2.69 5.44 0.12 0.05 0.74 1.36 0.05 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.09 0.03 0.56 1.04
instruments 2008 3.00 5.52 0.15 0.05 0.77 1.51 0.05 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.12 0.04 0.64 1.17
Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 8.57 11.21 0.13 0.07 0.94 2.07 0.07 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.41 7.43
2008 8.19 11.96 0.12 0.06 0.79 2.14 0.08 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.06 0.09 0.36 8.13
Total merchandise a 2007 336.58 225.61 6.18 12.82 38.16 53.91 1.44 1.89 3.14 8.45 3.13 4.25 31.59 73.41
2008 359.40 234.20 8.10 12.90 40.13 60.24 1.99 3.51 4.01 12.56 4.41 5.94 37.65 78.88
210
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Canada
(Billion dollars)
Korea,
United States EU (27) China Japan Mexico Rep. of World b
2008 28.70 18.11 3.74 3.46 3.32 1.04 5.01 0.09 1.56 0.91 0.93 0.11 54.14 30.25
Food 2007 17.84 13.31 2.24 2.94 1.06 0.74 2.80 0.06 1.20 1.11 0.35 0.04 31.92 23.30
2008 20.73 15.53 2.49 3.19 1.54 0.78 3.70 0.06 1.46 0.89 0.42 0.04 39.36 26.16
Fish 2007 2.27 0.70 0.53 0.04 0.22 0.31 0.28 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 3.65 1.90
2008 2.30 0.72 0.45 0.04 0.24 0.29 0.28 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.01 3.67 1.92
2008 18.43 14.81 2.04 3.15 1.30 0.50 3.43 0.04 1.46 0.88 0.38 0.03 35.69 24.24
Raw materials 2007 9.84 2.68 1.46 0.29 1.75 0.26 1.33 0.03 0.09 0.02 0.54 0.05 16.81 4.09
2008 7.97 2.58 1.24 0.27 1.78 0.26 1.31 0.03 0.10 0.02 0.51 0.07 14.77 4.09
2008 136.46 24.00 8.20 8.64 2.93 0.81 4.14 0.10 0.41 1.01 1.86 0.22 161.27 63.46
2008 4.28 4.51 3.45 0.30 1.89 0.06 1.01 0.01 0.12 0.02 0.45 0.00 15.34 7.10
Fuels 2007 83.93 10.04 0.98 6.70 0.17 0.06 0.93 0.15 0.03 0.71 0.53 0.03 87.49 35.36
2008 116.92 15.87 3.16 7.90 0.24 0.28 2.20 0.05 0.16 0.94 1.21 0.17 125.86 50.56
2008 15.25 3.62 1.60 0.44 0.79 0.47 0.93 0.04 0.13 0.05 0.19 0.04 20.06 5.80
Manufactures 2007 182.93 166.33 17.80 34.49 3.48 34.24 1.42 14.17 3.05 14.00 0.74 4.81 224.50 293.94
2008 169.83 164.80 16.83 37.34 3.59 38.25 1.22 14.20 3.49 14.36 0.81 5.31 214.30 300.81
Iron and steel 2007 6.20 6.43 0.25 1.35 0.04 0.95 0.01 0.42 0.25 0.12 0.01 0.30 7.11 10.54
2008 7.92 7.60 0.39 1.47 0.05 1.14 0.02 0.44 0.38 0.16 0.02 0.28 9.33 12.52
Chemicals 2007 25.13 23.89 4.49 9.16 1.78 0.79 0.27 0.42 0.36 0.29 0.22 0.17 34.70 39.00
2008 27.88 24.87 2.89 9.28 1.94 1.11 0.34 0.38 0.42 0.31 0.21 0.19 37.92 41.02
2008 4.57 3.13 0.85 5.88 0.02 0.16 0.05 0.06 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.00 6.18 10.74
Other chemicals 2007 20.33 20.46 3.87 3.73 1.78 0.68 0.22 0.28 0.34 0.25 0.17 0.17 28.52 28.71
2008 23.31 21.74 2.04 3.40 1.92 0.95 0.29 0.32 0.41 0.24 0.19 0.18 31.74 30.27
2008 23.91 17.40 3.61 2.89 0.10 3.81 0.12 0.81 0.25 0.46 0.05 0.33 30.53 28.18
2008 91.70 93.47 8.23 18.79 1.22 16.24 0.55 11.61 2.20 11.47 0.41 4.23 113.90 167.08
2008 9.96 7.30 1.72 1.22 0.22 10.17 0.21 1.75 0.67 4.23 0.11 1.64 14.31 32.33
2008 2.78 3.47 0.63 0.52 0.09 5.28 0.07 0.81 0.03 0.87 0.03 0.15 4.11 13.00
APPENDIX
2008 5.29 2.67 0.81 0.50 0.09 4.72 0.08 0.76 0.19 3.34 0.05 0.66 7.28 15.24
2008 1.88 1.17 0.28 0.20 0.04 0.17 0.06 0.18 0.45 0.02 0.03 0.84 2.92 4.08
2008 57.64 53.96 2.98 6.59 0.25 1.24 0.15 6.78 1.02 4.54 0.07 1.70 64.84 76.89
2008 49.43 43.20 0.42 4.42 0.16 0.82 0.03 5.93 0.83 4.09 0.01 1.61 51.74 61.04
2008 8.20 10.77 2.57 2.17 0.09 0.42 0.12 0.85 0.20 0.45 0.06 0.09 13.10 15.85
Other machinery 2007 23.55 30.83 3.27 9.57 0.66 4.29 0.23 2.99 0.34 2.68 0.15 0.84 32.61 54.22
2008 24.10 32.21 3.53 10.98 0.76 4.83 0.20 3.08 0.51 2.70 0.23 0.89 34.74 57.86
2008 4.26 3.92 1.42 2.56 0.10 0.26 0.04 0.18 0.03 0.22 0.02 0.03 6.78 7.52
2008 14.78 20.76 1.59 6.72 0.52 1.94 0.11 2.15 0.39 0.71 0.17 0.60 21.29 34.60
2008 5.07 7.53 0.52 1.71 0.14 2.63 0.05 0.75 0.09 1.77 0.05 0.26 6.68 15.74
Textiles 2007 2.01 2.31 0.09 0.42 0.03 0.75 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.14 0.02 0.08 2.32 4.43
2008 1.71 2.19 0.08 0.43 0.03 0.80 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.11 0.03 0.08 1.99 4.32
Clothing 2007 1.38 0.46 0.12 0.44 0.00 4.07 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.05 1.59 7.61
2008 1.07 0.52 0.11 0.43 0.00 4.44 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.05 1.27 8.25
2008 15.63 18.75 1.52 4.06 0.24 10.71 0.18 0.92 0.23 1.55 0.10 0.15 19.35 39.44
2008 4.60 2.50 0.08 0.89 0.01 3.83 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.55 0.00 0.02 4.90 8.73
instruments 2008 2.92 4.94 0.70 1.39 0.18 0.50 0.08 0.31 0.08 0.51 0.07 0.03 4.81 8.30
2008 8.11 11.32 0.74 1.78 0.05 6.38 0.08 0.56 0.07 0.49 0.03 0.10 9.64 22.41
2008 353.79 213.85 34.30 50.93 9.88 40.15 10.47 14.40 5.52 16.85 3.62 5.65 455.71 408.23

b Includes unspecified destinations and origins.
Note: Imports are valued f.o.b. For sources and methods, see the Metadata
211
Table A19
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - United States
(Billion dollars)
South & Central

2008 39.62 41.09 13.38 20.73 17.50 21.32 2.49 0.61 6.20 2.16 5.38 0.36 55.41 29.66
Food 2007 27.62 29.17 7.90 16.29 10.52 19.26 1.73 0.63 5.17 1.38 3.60 0.32 30.72 20.62
2008 33.44 32.60 11.45 17.31 12.39 19.20 2.33 0.50 5.77 1.71 4.96 0.30 42.26 23.56
Fish 2007 0.97 2.74 0.09 2.93 1.13 0.62 0.12 0.43 0.02 0.13 0.01 0.03 1.95 7.46
2008 0.98 2.79 0.09 2.84 1.17 0.57 0.10 0.31 0.02 0.12 0.03 0.02 1.88 8.16
2008 32.45 29.81 11.35 14.47 11.21 18.64 2.23 0.19 5.74 1.59 4.94 0.28 40.38 15.40
Raw materials 2007 5.70 10.26 1.82 3.47 5.42 2.37 0.09 0.09 0.33 0.38 0.38 0.08 12.17 5.26
2008 6.18 8.49 1.93 3.41 5.11 2.11 0.16 0.10 0.44 0.45 0.42 0.06 13.15 6.10
2008 41.74 179.06 20.26 97.74 32.85 44.41 0.34 27.92 2.83 104.33 1.73 88.13 26.20 16.71
2008 6.27 5.35 0.49 2.56 9.94 1.41 0.09 0.29 0.52 1.48 0.10 0.07 14.81 2.25
Fuels 2007 17.18 114.56 11.50 67.50 7.10 30.41 0.12 15.04 1.20 79.78 0.64 53.76 4.21 11.20
2008 27.58 155.53 19.27 88.69 19.00 36.29 0.19 24.19 2.26 99.49 1.11 87.58 7.13 10.10
2008 7.89 18.18 0.51 6.49 3.92 6.71 0.06 3.44 0.05 3.35 0.52 0.49 4.26 4.36
Manufactures 2007 307.30 327.00 78.39 41.15 222.28 312.45 8.38 6.49 15.44 8.05 38.71 23.16 238.74 691.14
2008 316.44 309.47 96.33 43.25 239.86 320.81 10.73 9.51 18.34 10.18 47.01 24.69 244.65 698.81
Iron and steel 2007 9.71 8.47 0.97 4.63 1.91 8.84 0.04 2.32 0.36 0.85 0.40 0.05 1.75 13.09
2008 12.18 11.07 2.14 5.74 2.20 9.78 0.08 3.89 0.40 1.36 0.52 0.12 2.64 17.75
Chemicals 2007 41.71 28.53 15.92 7.13 52.56 84.74 0.75 2.78 1.87 1.24 2.53 4.49 38.92 30.26
2008 46.13 31.52 20.98 9.43 59.06 92.39 1.01 4.16 2.10 1.63 3.00 6.34 46.60 35.44
2008 4.14 4.93 1.72 0.16 27.04 43.32 0.14 0.00 0.22 0.01 0.47 3.81 4.36 7.63
Other chemicals 2007 37.66 23.54 14.37 6.99 29.47 45.90 0.62 2.78 1.68 1.23 2.14 1.83 34.95 22.93
2008 41.99 26.59 19.26 9.26 32.02 49.07 0.87 4.16 1.89 1.62 2.53 2.54 42.24 27.81
2008 31.56 31.40 5.63 4.18 14.31 23.63 0.41 0.64 0.99 1.78 7.37 10.18 14.89 54.60
2008 180.07 197.32 54.04 9.71 121.97 143.22 8.24 0.32 13.45 2.67 32.31 4.52 146.80 378.88
2008 37.11 45.23 16.20 1.08 25.00 13.49 0.44 0.02 1.14 0.14 2.56 1.32 55.66 198.66
2008 16.07 8.43 7.87 0.51 10.15 4.76 0.21 0.00 0.42 0.02 0.93 0.37 11.38 90.63
APPENDIX
2008 13.70 35.08 5.72 0.33 9.06 5.41 0.18 0.01 0.67 0.03 1.25 0.87 9.65 87.19
2008 7.33 1.72 2.61 0.24 5.79 3.32 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.09 0.38 0.08 34.62 20.85
2008 77.70 95.92 13.16 4.18 47.16 54.51 3.60 0.18 5.65 2.07 17.91 1.08 38.19 86.50
2008 63.17 84.19 5.34 1.08 18.86 39.95 2.38 0.01 3.27 1.97 9.55 0.08 8.63 71.96
2008 14.52 11.73 7.81 3.10 28.30 14.56 1.22 0.17 2.38 0.11 8.35 1.00 29.56 14.54
Other machinery 2007 62.50 56.87 19.15 4.30 45.65 71.03 3.19 0.13 5.47 0.52 10.52 1.94 51.25 90.06
2008 65.26 56.17 24.68 4.45 49.81 75.23 4.20 0.13 6.66 0.46 11.85 2.13 52.95 93.72
2008 6.68 7.35 4.79 0.87 16.95 17.19 0.37 0.02 0.74 0.02 2.65 0.44 9.47 7.95
2008 36.82 24.57 15.06 1.84 21.89 42.94 3.53 0.05 5.35 0.37 7.41 0.75 31.04 43.89
2008 21.76 24.25 4.83 1.73 10.97 15.09 0.30 0.05 0.57 0.07 1.79 0.94 12.45 41.88
Textiles 2007 5.96 3.60 3.17 0.67 1.33 4.01 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.23 0.14 0.58 1.68 14.95
2008 5.72 3.02 3.28 0.62 1.37 3.61 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.22 0.16 0.59 1.79 15.02
Clothing 2007 1.98 5.86 0.97 10.12 0.62 3.70 0.01 0.08 0.03 2.26 0.13 1.62 0.57 61.22
2008 2.20 5.08 0.70 9.63 0.69 3.30 0.02 0.05 0.03 2.17 0.19 1.35 0.64 60.89
2008 38.59 30.06 9.56 3.94 40.27 44.88 0.93 0.40 1.26 0.34 3.46 1.58 31.30 136.23
2008 5.11 8.45 0.60 1.18 0.91 5.93 0.04 0.03 0.10 0.06 0.31 0.08 1.12 47.82
instruments 2008 10.25 8.94 3.60 1.20 17.82 14.16 0.45 0.05 0.63 0.03 1.66 0.70 15.94 12.87
2008 23.23 12.68 5.36 1.56 21.53 24.79 0.43 0.32 0.53 0.25 1.49 0.80 14.25 75.54
2008 413.24 557.28 136.29 167.03 315.05 408.22 13.82 38.43 28.63 117.22 56.77 115.21 335.88 761.42
212
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - United States
(Billion dollars)
EU (27) Canada China Mexico Japan Rep. of Korea World b
2008 14.91 19.53 21.52 28.25 16.22 6.53 17.98 12.83 15.99 1.05 6.51 0.79 140.2 115.9
Food 2007 9.41 17.78 15.90 17.58 6.34 4.71 11.61 11.59 11.42 0.61 3.36 0.35 87.7 87.7
2008 10.63 17.56 18.49 20.31 9.94 5.38 14.83 12.29 14.40 0.71 5.35 0.38 112.8 95.2
Fish 2007 1.08 0.30 0.89 2.22 0.54 2.13 0.07 0.52 0.79 0.23 0.35 0.08 4.3 14.3
2008 1.12 0.30 0.90 2.27 0.56 2.28 0.08 0.52 0.78 0.27 0.27 0.09 4.3 14.8
2008 9.51 17.25 17.58 18.04 9.39 3.10 14.76 11.78 13.62 0.44 5.08 0.29 108.5 80.4
Raw materials 2007 4.37 2.23 3.06 9.75 5.75 1.19 2.64 0.51 1.50 0.33 1.11 0.31 25.9 21.9
2008 4.28 1.97 3.03 7.95 6.28 1.15 3.15 0.54 1.58 0.35 1.16 0.41 27.4 20.7
2008 24.58 39.55 25.31 132.66 8.08 4.99 16.37 46.39 4.46 1.69 3.85 2.51 126.0 558.3
2008 6.06 1.34 4.70 4.29 6.52 0.74 1.57 1.06 1.79 0.30 2.16 0.07 32.2 13.4
Fuels 2007 6.16 26.15 10.37 80.04 0.30 0.72 6.77 34.52 0.53 1.42 0.78 4.11 42.0 372.3
2008 14.80 32.18 16.43 113.02 0.44 2.19 11.09 42.51 1.32 0.78 1.10 2.23 76.5 501.9
2008 3.72 6.04 4.18 15.35 1.11 2.06 3.70 2.82 1.35 0.61 0.59 0.21 17.2 43.0
Manufactures 2007 205.81 292.46 200.99 173.12 44.47 326.97 105.86 153.88 43.95 141.74 26.19 43.31 909.3 1409.5
2008 220.83 297.61 203.96 159.65 46.48 340.48 111.93 149.82 44.21 136.85 23.53 45.41 973.4 1416.7
Iron and steel 2007 1.77 8.27 7.24 5.84 0.63 5.27 2.46 2.63 0.13 1.98 0.16 1.80 15.1 38.2
2008 2.00 8.62 8.78 7.58 1.13 7.71 3.39 3.49 0.12 2.47 0.28 2.70 20.1 49.7
Chemicals 2007 48.23 79.82 25.01 24.75 8.31 7.85 16.67 3.78 9.16 8.90 5.25 2.08 154.3 159.2
2008 54.55 86.00 27.07 27.48 9.30 11.46 19.02 4.04 10.62 9.04 5.05 2.38 178.9 180.9
2008 24.43 39.41 3.20 4.66 0.46 1.60 0.93 0.26 1.76 1.59 0.37 0.12 38.1 59.9
Other chemicals 2007 27.50 43.84 21.65 19.97 7.93 6.90 15.98 3.57 7.57 7.26 4.92 1.98 120.9 105.2
2008 30.11 46.59 23.88 22.82 8.83 9.87 18.09 3.78 8.86 7.45 4.68 2.26 140.8 121.0
2008 12.74 21.53 20.75 23.05 2.24 29.95 10.76 8.35 2.39 5.65 0.98 3.07 75.2 126.4
2008 113.69 137.31 117.09 85.73 28.60 156.47 62.62 111.59 22.13 107.87 13.63 33.65 556.9 736.7
2008 23.97 12.64 18.38 6.70 10.32 105.36 18.67 38.53 5.32 19.23 4.60 15.75 138.1 259.9
2008 9.82 4.57 8.66 1.95 2.12 53.99 7.38 6.47 1.73 8.38 0.68 2.69 47.0 104.7
APPENDIX
2008 8.62 4.95 7.13 3.90 1.69 49.17 6.54 31.19 1.92 7.21 0.82 10.41 40.2 128.9
2008 5.52 3.13 2.59 0.85 6.51 2.20 4.75 0.87 1.67 3.63 3.10 2.65 50.8 26.3
2008 42.92 53.77 58.37 57.30 7.96 8.65 19.10 38.62 8.65 60.78 3.21 10.75 203.4 244.4
2008 18.31 39.71 46.94 49.05 2.01 4.75 16.23 35.13 1.71 53.16 0.75 10.16 111.2 199.2
2008 24.61 14.05 11.43 8.25 5.95 3.90 2.87 3.48 6.94 7.62 2.46 0.59 92.2 45.2
Other machinery 2007 42.96 67.24 38.25 21.36 9.03 39.29 24.21 35.51 8.25 27.65 6.00 7.05 197.7 224.9
2008 46.80 70.90 40.35 21.73 10.31 42.47 24.86 34.44 8.16 27.86 5.83 7.15 215.4 232.3
2008 16.10 16.63 4.25 3.96 1.23 2.61 2.42 3.40 2.19 3.34 0.90 0.59 41.6 33.9
2008 20.38 40.32 25.40 13.28 6.65 15.63 11.39 11.29 3.85 17.57 3.72 3.89 121.1 114.4
2008 10.32 13.95 10.70 4.49 2.43 24.23 11.04 19.76 2.12 6.95 1.21 2.67 52.7 84.0
Textiles 2007 1.27 3.26 2.70 1.84 0.50 7.66 3.25 1.75 0.25 0.59 0.15 0.90 12.4 24.1
2008 1.30 2.92 2.63 1.52 0.55 7.88 3.08 1.50 0.25 0.58 0.14 0.80 12.5 23.1
Clothing 2007 0.58 2.93 1.26 1.12 0.03 28.53 0.71 4.74 0.26 0.11 0.08 0.73 4.3 84.9
2008 0.65 2.72 1.49 0.83 0.04 28.58 0.70 4.25 0.27 0.09 0.09 0.60 4.5 82.5
2008 35.90 38.51 26.13 13.46 4.63 98.42 12.36 16.60 8.43 11.15 3.36 2.22 125.4 217.4
2008 0.84 5.70 4.09 4.11 0.19 39.15 1.00 4.34 0.31 0.33 0.13 0.18 8.2 63.5
instruments 2008 16.77 12.85 6.41 2.48 2.82 4.11 3.83 6.46 4.15 3.90 1.99 0.85 50.4 37.9
2008 18.30 19.96 15.64 6.87 1.63 55.16 7.53 5.81 3.97 6.92 1.24 1.19 66.8 116.0
2008 275.19 376.66 260.89 339.07 71.46 356.30 151.52 218.07 66.57 143.35 34.81 49.82 1299.90 2164.83

Note: For sources and methods, see the Metadata.
213
Table A20
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Brazil
(Billion dollars)
South & Central

2008 4.55 1.29 4.81 4.92 21.87 1.65 4.83 0.07 4.46 0.15 4.96 0.02 15.91 1.59
Food 2007 3.08 0.40 2.60 3.59 16.31 1.05 3.73 0.01 3.42 0.09 4.53 0.01 8.46 0.40
2008 3.11 0.75 4.40 4.62 18.99 1.34 4.76 0.00 4.40 0.14 4.91 0.01 13.72 0.70
Fish 2007 0.12 0.01 0.02 0.28 0.14 0.24 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01
2008 0.10 0.01 0.03 0.35 0.11 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.04
2008 3.02 0.75 4.38 4.28 18.89 1.07 4.76 0.00 4.40 0.11 4.91 0.01 13.69 0.66
Raw materials 2007 1.36 0.50 0.39 0.26 2.55 0.23 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.01 1.72 0.64
2008 1.43 0.54 0.41 0.30 2.88 0.31 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.01 2.20 0.89
2008 6.83 3.95 9.69 10.23 11.44 2.26 0.05 1.24 1.64 13.83 1.31 4.77 13.05 5.47
2008 1.33 0.70 1.31 1.60 6.82 0.18 0.04 0.20 0.69 0.36 1.15 0.27 9.89 0.07
Fuels 2007 3.68 1.96 5.04 3.99 2.16 1.26 0.00 0.53 0.98 10.04 0.04 2.31 1.38 2.24
2008 4.98 3.02 7.71 5.88 2.66 1.42 0.00 0.98 0.91 13.34 0.04 4.50 2.40 5.16
2008 0.52 0.24 0.68 2.74 1.97 0.66 0.00 0.06 0.05 0.13 0.12 0.00 0.76 0.25
Manufactures 2007 20.85 18.29 27.41 7.36 15.03 25.61 0.47 2.10 3.51 0.89 1.33 0.76 6.31 22.11
2008 21.80 27.04 32.28 10.52 16.11 35.55 0.65 4.03 4.02 1.77 1.78 1.45 9.78 41.37
Iron and steel 2007 3.20 0.30 2.21 0.22 2.22 0.89 0.03 0.12 0.35 0.11 0.14 0.00 1.99 0.77
2008 3.73 0.73 2.85 0.40 2.19 1.32 0.03 0.20 0.24 0.19 0.50 0.00 4.12 1.51
Chemicals 2007 2.05 6.79 4.61 2.19 2.47 7.64 0.03 1.93 0.46 0.63 0.13 0.59 0.93 3.15
2008 2.69 9.30 5.33 3.00 3.03 10.53 0.03 3.75 0.46 1.35 0.09 1.20 1.00 4.84
2008 0.25 1.08 0.56 0.18 0.17 3.08 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.60
Other chemicals 2007 1.84 5.80 4.16 2.02 2.36 5.25 0.03 1.92 0.44 0.62 0.13 0.57 0.91 2.72
2008 2.43 8.22 4.76 2.82 2.86 7.45 0.03 3.74 0.44 1.35 0.08 1.18 0.97 4.24
2008 3.04 1.67 3.69 0.93 2.69 2.97 0.07 0.06 0.56 0.04 0.21 0.04 1.35 2.32
2008 10.66 13.12 17.86 5.49 6.47 17.88 0.47 0.02 2.44 0.15 0.89 0.15 3.04 25.42
2008 0.44 2.09 2.42 0.22 0.17 1.37 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.07 0.11 12.53
2008 0.10 0.69 0.26 0.01 0.03 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 3.32
APPENDIX
2008 0.32 1.07 2.12 0.03 0.12 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.06 5.65
2008 0.02 0.32 0.04 0.17 0.02 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.04 3.55
2008 6.73 4.31 9.84 4.67 3.87 6.07 0.32 0.00 1.37 0.09 0.59 0.02 2.00 4.18
2008 2.30 1.80 8.56 4.47 1.99 4.07 0.29 0.00 1.12 0.05 0.25 0.00 0.24 2.79
2008 4.44 2.50 1.28 0.20 1.88 2.00 0.02 0.00 0.25 0.03 0.34 0.02 1.76 1.39
Other machinery 2007 3.46 4.85 4.55 0.40 2.06 7.91 0.10 0.01 0.67 0.03 0.30 0.05 1.04 5.31
2008 3.49 6.72 5.61 0.60 2.43 10.43 0.15 0.01 1.06 0.04 0.28 0.07 0.93 8.72
2008 0.95 2.33 0.40 0.02 0.45 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.13 0.44
2008 2.19 3.33 3.82 0.48 1.68 7.92 0.12 0.01 0.76 0.02 0.21 0.04 0.68 4.75
2008 0.35 1.06 1.38 0.11 0.30 1.85 0.03 0.01 0.22 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.12 3.53
Textiles 2007 0.48 0.16 0.77 0.21 0.12 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.05 1.53
2008 0.43 0.19 0.76 0.25 0.10 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.04 2.15
Clothing 2007 0.08 0.01 0.11 0.03 0.07 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.48
2008 0.05 0.01 0.11 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.71
2008 1.20 2.02 1.68 0.40 1.57 2.46 0.04 0.01 0.27 0.01 0.09 0.02 0.21 4.42
2008 0.77 0.14 0.84 0.02 1.12 0.20 0.03 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.09 0.66
instruments 2008 0.16 1.20 0.25 0.09 0.15 1.33 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.07 2.14
2008 0.28 0.67 0.59 0.28 0.30 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.05 1.63
Total merchandise a 2007.0 32.0 22.6 37.5 19.5 43.3 29.7 4.3 2.8 8.6 11.3 6.4 3.2 25.8 31.5
2008.0 33.9 32.3 46.9 25.7 50.0 39.5 5.5 5.3 10.2 15.8 8.1 6.2 38.8 48.4
214
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Brazil
(Billion dollars)
EU (27) United States China Argentina Japan Chile World b
2008 20.6 1.4 4.0 1.0 7.5 0.3 0.7 3.3 2.3 0.0 0.2 0.4 61.4 9.7
Food 2007 15.5 0.8 2.6 0.3 3.5 0.1 0.4 2.6 1.3 0.0 0.1 0.3 42.1 5.6
2008 17.9 1.1 2.6 0.5 6.6 0.2 0.5 3.2 2.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 54.3 7.6
Fish 2007 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.6
2008 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.7
2008 17.8 1.0 2.5 0.5 6.6 0.2 0.5 3.0 2.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 54.0 6.9
Raw materials 2007 2.3 0.2 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.2 1.7
2008 2.7 0.3 1.4 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.1 2.1
2008 10.1 2.0 6.0 3.1 7.0 0.8 1.9 2.0 2.8 0.2 1.6 3.1 44.0 41.8
2008 6.0 0.2 0.6 0.2 5.3 0.0 0.8 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 1.2 21.2 3.4
Fuels 2007 2.2 0.8 3.7 1.7 0.8 0.2 0.6 1.6 0.0 0.1 1.4 0.0 13.3 22.3
2008 2.6 1.2 5.0 2.7 1.7 0.6 0.7 1.9 0.0 0.2 1.5 0.0 18.7 34.3
2008 1.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 1.9 4.1 4.1
Manufactures 2007 14.4 23.5 15.5 15.4 1.6 9.9 12.2 5.7 0.7 4.1 2.6 0.5 74.9 77.1
2008 15.3 32.8 17.0 21.7 1.9 18.9 15.1 7.9 1.0 6.6 3.0 0.7 86.4 121.7
Iron and steel 2007 2.2 0.8 2.7 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 10.1 2.4
2008 2.1 1.3 3.3 0.6 0.5 0.9 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.0 13.7 4.3
Chemicals 2007 2.3 6.5 1.7 5.6 0.2 1.4 2.0 1.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 10.7 22.9
2008 2.9 9.3 2.2 7.1 0.2 2.4 2.1 1.8 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 12.6 34.0
2008 0.2 2.4 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.1 5.0
Other chemicals 2007 2.2 4.7 1.5 4.7 0.2 1.3 1.9 1.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 9.9 18.9
2008 2.7 6.8 2.1 6.2 0.2 2.1 2.0 1.7 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 11.6 29.0
2008 2.6 2.8 2.4 1.3 0.5 1.2 1.3 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 11.6 8.0
2008 6.1 16.9 7.7 10.7 0.7 10.6 9.3 5.0 0.1 4.8 1.6 0.1 41.8 62.2
2008 0.2 1.3 0.3 1.4 0.1 5.9 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.0 3.2 16.3
2008 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.0 1.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.4 4.3
APPENDIX
2008 0.1 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.0 3.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 2.6 7.6
2008 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.4
2008 3.7 5.9 4.8 3.0 0.3 0.7 6.3 4.5 0.1 1.9 0.8 0.1 24.7 19.3
2008 2.0 4.0 0.8 0.6 0.0 0.3 6.0 4.4 0.0 1.1 0.7 0.0 14.7 13.2
2008 1.8 1.9 4.1 2.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.0 10.0 6.1
Other machinery 2007 1.9 7.4 2.6 4.6 0.2 2.4 1.7 0.3 0.1 1.4 0.5 0.0 12.2 18.6
2008 2.2 9.7 2.6 6.3 0.3 4.0 1.9 0.5 0.1 2.2 0.6 0.0 14.0 26.6
2008 0.4 0.6 0.8 2.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 2.0 3.5
2008 1.5 7.3 1.4 3.1 0.2 1.8 1.2 0.4 0.1 1.7 0.4 0.0 9.5 16.5
2008 0.3 1.7 0.3 0.9 0.0 2.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 2.4 6.6
Textiles 2007 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.4 2.2
2008 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 2.9
Clothing 2007 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6
2008 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.9
2008 1.5 2.2 1.0 1.8 0.0 2.4 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 5.1 9.3
2008 1.1 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 3.0 1.0
instruments 2008 0.1 1.2 0.1 1.1 0.0 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.7 4.8
2008 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.4 3.5
2008 46.5 36.2 27.7 25.8 16.4 20.0 17.6 13.3 6.1 6.8 4.8 4.2 197.9 173.2

Note: Imports are valued f.o.b. For sources and methods, see the Metadata.
215
Table A21
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - European Union (27)
(Billion dollars)
South & Central

2008 21.83 21.31 5.17 55.00 461.33 458.65 17.98 9.84 19.29 23.13 11.19 2.82 28.49 40.43
Food 2007 19.80 13.01 3.65 40.62 337.18 338.44 12.58 3.71 11.62 17.02 7.57 2.38 17.43 25.10
2008 19.51 15.15 4.47 49.30 394.49 393.74 15.99 5.85 16.18 18.97 9.65 2.25 19.96 30.99
Fish 2007 0.34 1.79 0.13 3.52 20.67 26.49 0.53 0.55 0.68 3.72 0.07 0.13 1.03 5.82
2008 0.36 1.81 0.17 3.97 21.29 27.31 0.56 0.52 0.88 4.00 0.08 0.11 1.15 6.42
2008 19.15 13.34 4.29 45.34 373.20 366.43 15.43 5.33 15.30 14.97 9.57 2.14 18.81 24.58
Raw materials 2007 2.56 6.41 0.57 5.41 63.87 62.09 1.55 4.41 2.66 3.96 1.45 0.53 7.37 8.59
2008 2.32 6.16 0.70 5.69 66.84 64.91 1.99 3.99 3.11 4.16 1.53 0.57 8.53 9.43
2008 49.63 39.82 3.54 44.98 472.52 542.55 5.67 273.78 20.81 144.72 7.86 81.54 22.75 32.59
2008 1.96 11.41 0.26 16.69 53.54 53.21 0.38 6.63 1.66 7.45 0.80 1.22 9.21 6.54
Fuels 2007 31.07 11.21 2.35 11.04 227.12 273.23 2.53 188.45 11.32 87.49 4.06 62.27 2.46 10.65
2008 40.38 23.70 2.22 18.21 320.69 384.85 3.83 257.78 17.25 131.58 5.48 78.84 4.21 19.29
2008 7.29 4.72 1.06 10.08 98.29 104.48 1.46 9.37 1.90 5.69 1.59 1.48 9.33 6.76
Manufactures 2007 349.21 233.81 65.27 25.35 3102.11 3025.72 153.94 34.94 108.65 40.98 115.34 24.33 344.26 653.82
2008 354.13 244.12 78.87 26.97 3321.16 3237.50 191.67 40.72 129.75 43.65 134.30 25.81 381.37 707.07
Iron and steel 2007 10.46 3.22 2.14 4.86 173.71 170.82 2.97 14.01 5.32 4.01 6.80 0.45 11.38 21.32
2008 11.55 3.63 3.02 4.28 190.32 187.41 3.45 18.23 8.28 4.87 8.45 0.44 12.99 21.12
Chemicals 2007 88.15 54.79 13.14 4.35 592.55 583.98 24.39 8.42 16.42 4.06 14.67 8.34 55.48 40.95
2008 92.50 56.59 16.30 5.66 662.64 656.65 29.65 10.24 19.19 5.01 16.83 10.38 63.14 44.67
2008 45.69 22.27 5.04 0.38 200.10 204.50 9.96 0.04 5.95 0.11 5.37 0.93 18.82 7.35
Other chemicals 2007 46.14 34.20 9.09 4.06 415.82 404.74 17.08 8.38 11.09 3.92 10.17 7.59 39.67 35.04
2008 46.81 34.32 11.26 5.28 462.54 452.15 19.69 10.20 13.24 4.91 11.46 9.44 44.33 37.32
2008 23.76 15.85 6.87 3.64 381.40 368.58 19.71 5.03 13.46 8.39 15.07 5.89 34.37 56.32
2008 177.02 128.42 45.46 10.73 1557.90 1499.50 109.02 4.56 72.15 11.99 77.05 5.69 221.33 380.09
2008 16.59 29.03 3.54 2.89 306.09 291.55 16.81 0.69 11.60 1.25 12.22 1.91 38.51 208.51
2008 6.31 11.18 0.61 2.51 128.35 120.53 5.52 0.08 4.18 0.23 4.31 0.61 7.33 83.16
APPENDIX
2008 6.68 12.62 2.59 0.29 137.16 131.41 10.72 0.56 6.43 0.61 7.52 1.23 12.12 90.68
2008 3.60 5.23 0.34 0.09 40.58 39.62 0.57 0.05 0.99 0.40 0.40 0.07 19.06 34.67
2008 71.62 43.09 17.66 5.27 683.62 660.50 37.26 1.16 20.85 2.89 22.67 0.62 62.45 68.10
2008 49.84 16.72 8.38 2.69 500.53 485.00 30.21 0.31 15.81 2.22 14.77 0.16 34.38 39.16
2008 21.78 26.37 9.28 2.58 183.09 175.50 7.06 0.86 5.05 0.67 7.90 0.45 28.07 28.94
Other machinery 2007 83.84 51.65 19.37 2.41 532.68 514.06 43.08 2.24 31.23 7.11 37.09 3.14 104.43 94.97
2008 88.81 56.30 24.27 2.57 568.19 547.45 54.95 2.72 39.70 7.85 42.16 3.16 120.37 103.48
2008 21.66 20.88 2.52 0.55 49.99 48.39 2.55 0.50 4.97 0.62 5.92 0.76 15.76 8.38
2008 48.84 23.83 17.72 1.55 342.80 327.28 40.60 1.15 25.77 3.35 27.14 1.15 79.63 47.77
2008 18.31 11.59 4.03 0.47 175.40 171.78 11.80 1.06 8.95 3.88 9.09 1.25 24.99 47.33
Textiles 2007 3.96 1.43 0.68 0.19 63.62 64.84 2.56 0.47 4.77 1.17 0.97 0.73 5.11 16.62
2008 3.49 1.42 0.74 0.18 61.76 62.59 2.74 0.42 5.13 1.15 1.12 0.69 5.08 17.47
Clothing 2007 3.92 0.76 0.34 0.40 87.73 95.73 5.54 1.00 1.11 8.72 1.93 0.40 4.48 57.97
2008 3.87 0.82 0.38 0.42 92.93 99.78 6.66 0.95 1.23 9.10 2.37 0.38 4.85 66.27
2008 41.94 37.38 6.10 2.06 374.21 362.99 20.44 1.29 10.31 3.16 13.42 2.34 39.60 121.12
2008 6.41 0.90 0.60 1.24 93.51 89.09 5.81 0.56 1.57 1.74 2.25 0.17 6.50 38.60
instruments 2008 15.94 19.28 2.40 0.34 66.45 64.98 4.51 0.24 3.31 0.44 3.94 0.87 16.26 14.12
2008 19.59 17.20 3.10 0.48 214.26 208.92 10.12 0.49 5.43 0.98 7.23 1.30 16.84 68.40
2008 434.71 323.72 88.99 128.57 4313.51 4298.89 218.34 329.53 171.85 214.17 156.12 110.95 440.55 784.50
216
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - European Union (27)
(Billion dollars)
Intra-EU (27) Extra-EU (27) United States China Russian Fed. Switzerland World b
Agricultural products 2007 381.98 108.88 150.11 18.35 14.08 4.46 7.10 10.79 4.90 7.57 4.07 490.87 532.09
2008 438.69 127.63 173.05 17.55 15.75 5.32 8.04 13.22 4.75 9.12 4.82 566.32 611.75
Food 2007 322.38 88.18 118.14 16.17 9.55 1.68 5.04 9.75 1.49 6.21 3.48 410.56 440.52
2008 376.24 104.81 140.41 15.63 11.24 2.02 5.77 11.88 1.62 7.67 4.21 481.05 516.65
Fish 2007 19.95 3.51 22.10 0.30 1.15 0.31 1.69 0.38 0.49 0.36 0.00 23.45 42.04
2008 20.49 4.02 23.65 0.31 1.22 0.35 1.88 0.40 0.45 0.42 0.00 24.51 44.13
Other food products 2007 302.43 84.67 96.05 15.88 8.39 1.37 3.36 9.38 1.00 5.85 3.48 387.10 398.48
2008 355.75 100.79 116.77 15.32 10.02 1.67 3.89 11.49 1.17 7.25 4.21 456.54 472.52
Raw materials 2007 59.61 20.70 31.97 2.18 4.53 2.78 2.05 1.04 3.41 1.36 0.59 80.31 91.57
2008 62.46 22.82 32.64 1.92 4.51 3.30 2.27 1.34 3.13 1.45 0.61 85.28 95.09
Fuels and mining products 2007 353.67 130.56 573.30 33.42 14.93 7.07 5.51 1.74 169.64 10.88 6.64 484.22 926.96
2008 436.09 167.70 765.16 41.10 24.19 7.51 6.09 1.99 221.65 14.56 7.38 603.79 1201.25
Ores and other minerals 2007 46.43 16.76 49.73 1.18 6.06 4.47 1.34 0.19 3.28 0.62 1.35 63.19 96.17
2008 48.47 19.44 55.76 1.48 6.32 4.49 1.51 0.20 3.92 0.73 1.41 67.91 104.24
Fuels 2007 209.03 86.49 459.14 25.30 5.73 0.14 0.93 0.73 156.86 6.94 3.00 295.52 668.17
2008 296.34 118.25 653.93 32.94 14.64 0.28 1.40 0.89 209.92 9.75 3.76 414.59 950.27
Non-ferrous metals 2007 98.21 27.31 64.42 6.94 3.13 2.46 3.25 0.83 9.50 3.33 2.29 125.52 162.63
2008 91.28 30.01 55.47 6.68 3.24 2.74 3.18 0.90 7.81 4.08 2.21 121.29 146.75
Manufactures 2007 2850.88 1405.93 1194.36 296.47 205.20 84.53 304.15 106.98 20.79 102.72 90.64 4256.81 4045.24
2008 3047.57 1566.74 1287.45 296.61 212.88 99.26 348.57 136.08 23.79 113.11 99.18 4614.31 4335.02
Iron and steel 2007 161.03 52.20 57.72 7.93 2.18 3.42 11.65 1.83 7.62 4.03 1.78 213.23 218.75
2008 176.71 61.73 63.31 8.84 2.31 3.80 11.24 2.07 9.61 4.42 2.05 238.44 240.02
Chemicals 2007 541.66 270.51 165.16 76.41 49.16 10.10 10.32 16.97 6.16 26.56 34.67 812.17 706.83
2008 609.56 301.08 186.30 79.72 52.23 12.49 13.65 20.68 7.82 25.82 38.13 910.63 795.85
Pharmaceuticals 2007 157.66 100.49 49.49 35.42 19.53 1.58 1.49 5.05 0.01 13.61 20.63 258.15 207.15
2008 180.56 112.77 59.91 38.38 20.86 2.61 2.20 7.11 0.02 12.58 23.05 293.33 240.47
Other chemicals 2007 384.00 170.02 115.67 40.99 29.63 8.52 8.83 11.93 6.15 12.95 14.04 554.02 499.68
2008 429.00 188.30 126.39 41.33 31.37 9.88 11.45 13.57 7.80 13.24 15.08 617.30 555.39
Other semi-manufactures 2007 324.99 137.13 108.41 21.11 11.05 5.51 27.80 10.95 4.16 12.31 8.19 462.12 433.39
2008 349.81 146.47 114.07 19.09 11.94 5.81 31.15 13.19 3.57 13.78 8.87 496.28 463.87
Machinery and transport equipment 2007 1373.82 742.44 572.56 147.62 108.73 58.43 147.05 59.39 2.02 35.64 25.80 2116.27 1946.38
2008 1434.80 835.03 608.08 146.90 110.93 68.50 168.67 78.49 2.10 41.83 28.53 2269.82 2042.88
Office and telecom equipment 2007 282.62 118.09 240.22 15.17 27.62 6.87 96.36 11.04 0.14 6.98 2.00 400.71 522.84
2008 286.07 119.69 250.09 14.63 24.16 6.84 108.93 12.03 0.14 7.94 1.98 405.76 536.16
EDP and office equipment 2007 121.19 37.59 96.42 6.18 10.20 1.45 44.95 4.30 0.03 3.62 0.86 158.79 217.61
2008 119.47 37.15 98.85 5.63 9.53 1.56 49.72 4.16 0.04 4.00 0.76 156.63 218.32
APPENDIX
Telecommunications equipment 2007 123.89 53.39 109.20 5.29 12.33 2.51 45.48 6.37 0.08 2.58 0.59 177.28 233.09
2008 127.93 55.66 109.78 5.66 9.76 2.17 47.40 7.50 0.07 3.03 0.62 183.59 237.71
Integrated circuits 2007 37.54 27.11 34.61 3.69 5.09 2.90 5.93 0.37 0.03 0.78 0.55 64.65 72.15
2008 38.67 26.88 41.47 3.34 4.87 3.11 11.82 0.38 0.03 0.91 0.60 65.55 80.14
Transport equipment 2007 608.40 252.70 139.22 62.41 34.53 17.55 8.08 18.06 0.75 10.88 3.58 861.11 747.63
2008 636.56 285.75 146.43 59.12 35.98 20.09 10.66 27.91 0.60 13.43 4.04 922.31 782.98
Automotive products 2007 475.69 169.19 77.20 46.14 12.30 9.19 2.43 15.44 0.18 8.21 1.62 644.88 552.89
2008 468.18 187.21 78.17 41.74 12.30 11.49 3.12 22.79 0.16 9.16 1.62 655.39 546.35
Other transport equipment 2007 132.71 83.51 62.03 16.27 22.23 8.37 5.65 2.62 0.57 2.68 1.96 216.22 194.74
2008 168.38 98.54 68.26 17.39 23.68 8.60 7.54 5.12 0.44 4.27 2.41 266.92 236.64
Other machinery 2007 482.80 371.65 193.11 70.04 46.58 34.01 42.60 30.29 1.13 17.77 20.22 854.45 675.91
2008 512.17 429.58 211.57 73.14 50.80 41.58 49.08 38.56 1.37 20.46 22.51 941.75 723.73
Power generating machinery 2007 41.02 47.79 31.66 16.01 17.04 2.98 2.45 1.40 0.39 1.89 2.03 88.82 72.68
2008 44.35 59.09 35.75 18.23 18.77 4.06 2.92 1.89 0.43 2.36 2.58 103.43 80.10
Non-electrical machinery 2007 289.66 241.02 89.90 38.44 19.54 23.54 15.10 21.90 0.47 10.74 12.95 530.68 379.56
2008 307.43 277.43 98.76 39.38 21.77 28.47 18.20 28.24 0.59 12.32 14.06 584.86 406.19
Electrical machinery 2007 152.12 82.84 71.55 15.59 10.01 7.50 25.05 6.99 0.27 5.15 5.25 234.96 223.67
2008 160.39 93.07 77.05 15.54 10.25 9.05 27.96 8.43 0.35 5.79 5.87 253.46 237.44
Textiles 2007 58.10 23.75 27.39 3.19 1.28 0.96 7.46 1.40 0.10 1.62 1.32 81.85 85.48
2008 56.04 24.17 27.93 2.74 1.28 1.07 8.34 1.55 0.07 1.79 1.30 80.21 83.96
Clothing 2007 80.34 24.76 84.65 3.02 0.56 0.28 32.44 4.31 0.07 4.22 0.94 105.10 164.99
2008 84.66 27.72 93.08 2.90 0.62 0.39 39.82 5.16 0.05 4.68 1.03 112.38 177.74
Other manufactures 2007 310.94 155.14 178.49 37.21 32.24 5.83 67.43 12.14 0.65 18.33 17.95 466.08 489.43
2008 336.01 170.55 194.68 36.43 33.57 7.21 75.70 14.93 0.58 20.79 19.28 506.56 530.69
Personal and household goods 2007 80.72 29.49 44.68 5.91 0.78 0.53 23.37 3.46 0.18 4.53 1.41 110.21 125.40
2008 83.96 32.73 48.34 5.41 0.76 0.70 25.68 4.43 0.18 5.12 1.57 116.69 132.30
Scientific and controlling 2007 55.87 47.40 36.20 12.93 15.66 3.44 3.12 2.63 0.11 2.65 3.91 103.28 92.07
instruments 2008 59.76 53.22 40.56 14.05 16.90 4.08 3.69 3.37 0.12 2.94 4.41 112.98 100.32
Miscellaneous manufactures 2007 174.35 78.25 97.61 18.37 15.81 1.86 40.95 6.05 0.36 11.15 12.62 252.60 271.96
2008 192.29 84.60 105.78 16.98 15.91 2.43 46.33 7.13 0.27 12.74 13.30 276.89 298.08
2008 3973.53 3973.53 1924.91 2282.24 362.67 268.26 113.67 363.72 153.16 253.95 142.86 119.46 5898.44 6255.77

Note: The figures are affected by the "INTRASTAT" system of recording trade between EU member States. Unspecified products account for 1.8 per cent of total intra-EU trade, and intra-EU imports are under-
recorded. To compensate for this under-recording, intra-EU exports have been used to obtain total (World) imports. Major trading partners were selected on the basis of 2008 data. For sources and methods, see the
Metadata.
217
Table A22
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - China
(Billion dollars)
South & Central

2008 6.87 22.99 0.90 21.71 7.48 7.06 1.93 6.04 1.57 1.99 1.20 0.10 22.35 26.93
Food 2007 4.90 7.56 0.44 11.28 4.81 2.18 1.53 1.44 1.05 0.38 0.96 0.11 19.47 9.48
2008 5.69 13.17 0.78 19.17 5.56 3.00 1.83 1.33 1.42 0.48 1.10 0.08 19.52 12.32
Fish 2007 2.14 0.65 0.04 0.13 1.56 0.46 0.37 1.33 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.01 5.02 0.86
2008 2.45 0.73 0.06 0.20 1.79 0.57 0.47 1.21 0.10 0.02 0.06 0.01 5.16 0.95
2008 3.24 12.44 0.72 18.97 3.77 2.42 1.36 0.13 1.32 0.46 1.04 0.06 14.36 11.36
Raw materials 2007 1.01 8.39 0.10 1.87 1.74 3.26 0.08 4.48 0.11 1.55 0.08 0.04 2.59 13.35
2008 1.17 9.82 0.13 2.54 1.92 4.07 0.10 4.70 0.14 1.51 0.09 0.03 2.83 14.62
2008 5.31 9.58 4.07 39.88 6.94 10.23 0.96 22.57 1.19 49.49 1.51 72.22 34.92 102.90
2008 0.49 6.58 0.05 24.49 1.08 6.10 0.07 3.46 0.04 7.58 0.07 3.49 2.16 54.24
Fuels 2007 1.46 0.61 1.52 5.29 1.86 0.40 0.25 12.70 0.17 26.10 0.23 39.24 14.47 20.58
2008 2.65 0.99 3.70 9.53 2.88 0.42 0.36 16.45 0.50 39.51 0.44 68.60 20.86 33.27
2008 2.17 2.01 0.31 5.87 2.97 3.70 0.53 2.65 0.65 2.40 0.99 0.13 11.90 15.38
Manufactures 2007 254.38 59.27 36.94 5.58 251.79 104.86 45.71 4.73 34.41 2.61 41.87 6.50 468.97 493.89
2008 276.08 65.54 51.63 5.89 298.42 126.31 61.65 5.25 47.38 2.89 55.65 7.64 537.75 519.86
Iron and steel 2007 5.42 0.84 1.65 1.12 10.38 3.79 1.62 1.19 1.67 0.85 5.22 0.00 25.54 16.35
2008 8.71 1.37 3.28 1.16 10.79 4.44 2.90 1.21 3.42 0.90 7.48 0.01 34.40 18.04
Chemicals 2007 7.96 14.00 3.63 0.64 11.20 14.70 2.22 2.97 2.06 0.40 2.30 5.15 30.94 69.57
2008 11.37 15.72 5.62 0.60 14.64 18.94 2.89 3.25 2.95 0.54 3.04 6.16 38.81 73.78
2008 1.67 0.74 0.50 0.04 2.35 3.80 0.10 0.00 0.40 0.00 0.24 0.01 2.81 0.92
Other chemicals 2007 6.83 13.43 3.30 0.61 9.52 12.13 2.14 2.97 1.77 0.40 2.13 5.14 28.63 68.85
2008 9.70 14.98 5.13 0.57 12.28 15.14 2.79 3.25 2.55 0.54 2.81 6.15 36.00 72.86
2008 23.77 3.23 4.38 0.89 24.80 8.12 5.98 0.23 5.88 0.96 7.62 0.47 33.64 17.70
2008 137.38 37.25 22.83 3.15 156.84 81.34 18.12 0.48 21.07 0.40 21.51 0.74 295.38 318.60
2008 86.53 13.61 8.53 2.26 94.18 9.28 5.28 0.05 5.45 0.29 6.80 0.51 175.44 205.49
2008 48.73 2.45 2.26 0.01 52.94 1.56 1.10 0.00 0.81 0.00 2.70 0.08 68.24 42.37
APPENDIX
2008 36.05 2.03 5.94 0.01 30.12 2.43 4.09 0.00 4.52 0.00 3.98 0.13 77.15 32.28
2008 1.75 9.13 0.32 2.24 11.12 5.29 0.09 0.05 0.12 0.28 0.13 0.30 30.04 130.83
2008 12.28 8.23 4.99 0.51 18.38 21.81 3.98 0.16 5.34 0.01 4.11 0.01 26.19 18.18
2008 6.09 3.12 1.92 0.06 4.53 12.88 2.98 0.03 3.23 0.01 2.90 0.00 7.01 12.96
2008 6.19 5.11 3.07 0.45 13.85 8.94 0.99 0.14 2.11 0.00 1.22 0.01 19.18 5.22
Other machinery 2007 33.08 13.09 6.41 0.29 35.50 40.93 5.86 0.20 6.29 0.08 7.43 0.19 76.23 89.72
2008 38.57 15.41 9.32 0.38 44.28 50.25 8.86 0.27 10.28 0.10 10.60 0.22 93.75 94.93
2008 2.97 2.37 0.55 0.03 3.00 4.31 0.33 0.16 1.13 0.00 0.76 0.00 8.37 4.34
2008 15.16 9.15 5.27 0.27 19.65 34.83 5.60 0.09 5.80 0.07 6.44 0.06 33.04 38.18
2008 20.44 3.89 3.50 0.08 21.63 11.11 2.93 0.02 3.35 0.03 3.40 0.16 52.33 52.42
Textiles 2007 7.42 0.58 3.15 0.02 8.45 1.19 2.78 0.01 4.76 0.01 3.51 0.02 25.89 14.81
2008 8.33 0.66 3.97 0.02 10.06 1.34 4.42 0.01 6.06 0.01 4.20 0.03 28.23 14.17
Clothing 2007 23.62 0.02 4.17 0.00 25.84 0.42 13.72 0.00 4.19 0.02 5.32 0.00 38.36 1.50
2008 22.06 0.04 4.12 0.01 32.70 0.69 15.69 0.00 2.92 0.04 5.16 0.00 37.33 1.50
2008 64.46 7.27 7.44 0.06 48.60 11.45 11.66 0.06 5.09 0.03 6.64 0.23 69.96 76.08
2008 26.82 0.18 2.89 0.01 17.41 1.14 6.94 0.01 2.44 0.01 3.14 0.00 15.90 1.38
instruments 2008 5.34 4.64 1.59 0.02 7.42 6.65 0.54 0.02 0.40 0.00 0.57 0.19 19.68 54.62
2008 32.30 2.45 2.96 0.03 23.77 3.66 4.18 0.03 2.24 0.02 2.92 0.03 34.38 20.08
2008 288.50 98.18 56.62 67.47 312.91 144.61 64.55 33.86 50.16 55.92 58.36 79.99 596.45 651.46
218
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - China
(Billion dollars)
Hong Kong, Korea,

EU (27) United States Japan China Rep. of Taipei, Chinese World b
2008 7.03 6.63 5.67 18.98 7.99 1.92 3.52 0.31 3.29 1.14 0.76 0.70 42.30 86.83
Food 2007 4.63 1.89 4.08 6.41 7.80 0.34 2.86 0.07 3.33 0.28 0.44 0.12 33.16 32.42
2008 5.33 2.69 4.72 11.52 7.06 0.33 3.27 0.08 2.90 0.31 0.55 0.13 35.90 49.54
Fish 2007 1.54 0.21 1.76 0.46 2.84 0.21 0.39 0.00 1.11 0.13 0.14 0.05 9.23 3.47
2008 1.77 0.31 2.03 0.53 2.68 0.18 0.44 0.00 1.08 0.15 0.17 0.04 10.09 3.70
2008 3.56 2.37 2.69 10.99 4.38 0.15 2.83 0.08 1.82 0.16 0.37 0.09 25.81 45.84
Raw materials 2007 1.49 3.15 0.84 6.39 0.85 1.49 0.26 0.19 0.41 0.83 0.19 0.71 5.70 32.95
2008 1.70 3.94 0.95 7.46 0.93 1.59 0.25 0.24 0.39 0.83 0.21 0.57 6.39 37.29
2008 6.44 8.27 4.46 4.95 6.98 12.07 8.17 1.32 7.13 13.49 2.17 6.70 54.90 306.87
2008 1.05 4.59 0.45 3.26 0.71 2.61 0.07 0.76 0.58 0.56 0.23 0.23 3.96 105.96
Fuels 2007 1.52 0.31 1.25 0.38 2.87 2.09 2.64 0.27 2.33 6.53 0.80 1.24 19.95 104.93
2008 2.58 0.42 2.31 0.70 4.69 4.83 4.67 0.33 3.56 9.96 1.14 3.18 31.40 168.78
2008 2.80 3.26 1.70 0.99 1.58 4.63 3.43 0.23 3.00 2.96 0.80 3.29 19.53 32.14
Manufactures 2007 234.23 98.40 224.85 52.02 87.89 123.51 174.40 10.76 46.48 92.40 20.78 95.20 ###### 677.50
2008 279.61 117.90 242.41 57.74 100.35 136.46 178.86 10.22 63.46 97.37 22.88 95.91 ###### 733.44
Iron and steel 2007 9.79 3.73 4.46 0.75 2.12 7.70 1.60 0.05 8.39 3.60 2.12 3.68 51.51 24.14
2008 9.82 4.37 7.46 1.29 3.10 9.58 1.68 0.02 14.70 4.27 2.01 3.10 70.97 27.14
Chemicals 2007 10.05 13.53 6.76 11.39 6.10 18.38 4.30 2.36 3.96 17.82 2.55 16.22 60.31 107.42
2008 13.28 17.31 9.74 12.97 7.55 19.66 4.31 2.75 4.97 19.67 3.37 17.23 79.31 119.00
2008 2.16 3.33 1.47 0.71 0.42 0.35 0.21 0.25 0.32 0.07 0.06 0.06 8.07 5.51
Other chemicals 2007 8.51 11.29 5.76 10.84 5.73 18.09 4.12 2.15 3.71 17.78 2.50 16.18 54.31 103.53
2008 11.12 13.98 8.27 12.27 7.13 19.31 4.10 2.49 4.66 19.59 3.31 17.17 71.24 113.49
2008 22.86 7.51 20.62 3.01 7.30 5.74 6.19 0.29 4.68 2.77 1.48 2.68 106.07 31.64
2008 149.00 77.27 121.36 33.00 45.31 81.67 121.21 4.61 29.01 50.55 12.10 48.00 674.25 441.98
2008 91.71 9.00 77.54 11.40 21.94 28.17 86.99 3.29 18.54 33.78 6.72 36.40 382.23 231.49
2008 51.99 1.53 44.09 2.08 11.62 3.86 33.74 0.19 5.24 3.86 2.37 2.00 176.80 46.47
APPENDIX
2008 28.68 2.30 31.82 1.55 7.96 6.14 40.28 0.97 8.79 5.26 1.91 1.73 161.86 36.89
2008 11.04 5.16 1.63 7.77 2.36 18.17 12.98 2.13 4.51 24.65 2.45 32.68 43.57 148.13
2008 16.81 21.59 10.41 7.60 4.67 13.45 5.57 0.02 2.33 3.80 0.94 0.27 76.37 48.95
2008 4.21 12.83 5.06 2.74 2.30 10.32 0.33 0.00 0.92 2.25 0.26 0.11 28.67 29.05
2008 12.60 8.76 5.35 4.86 2.37 3.13 5.24 0.01 1.41 1.55 0.69 0.17 47.70 19.89
Other machinery 2007 32.77 38.03 28.85 11.93 15.54 36.69 26.02 1.48 6.68 11.86 3.78 12.35 170.81 144.49
2008 40.48 46.69 33.41 14.00 18.70 40.05 28.64 1.30 8.14 12.97 4.44 11.32 215.65 161.55
2008 2.57 4.12 2.65 2.22 1.32 1.93 1.30 0.07 0.69 0.50 0.15 0.28 17.10 11.21
2008 17.60 32.18 12.85 8.52 7.20 21.95 4.14 0.52 2.95 5.50 1.56 4.81 90.96 82.64
2008 20.30 10.38 17.91 3.27 10.18 16.17 23.20 0.71 4.51 6.97 2.73 6.23 107.58 67.70
Textiles 2007 7.02 1.10 6.09 0.55 3.15 3.15 8.88 1.12 2.14 2.39 0.29 3.15 55.97 16.64
2008 8.67 1.24 6.76 0.62 3.58 3.28 8.32 0.96 2.09 2.24 0.39 2.85 65.26 16.23
Clothing 2007 21.28 0.37 18.79 0.02 16.50 0.13 9.34 0.64 3.38 0.14 0.35 0.04 115.24 1.98
2008 30.28 0.61 18.56 0.03 17.69 0.13 7.76 0.46 3.34 0.13 0.40 0.04 119.98 2.28
2008 45.70 9.58 57.91 6.82 15.81 16.41 29.39 1.13 4.67 17.74 3.13 22.01 213.85 95.17
2008 16.30 1.10 24.40 0.16 5.93 0.23 2.85 0.03 1.48 0.16 0.39 0.08 75.53 2.72
instruments 2008 6.77 6.09 4.31 4.31 2.48 9.73 10.72 0.25 1.55 14.81 1.26 19.07 35.55 66.15
2008 22.64 2.39 29.19 2.35 7.41 6.44 15.82 0.85 1.65 2.76 1.48 2.86 102.77 26.30
2008 293.14 132.84 252.77 81.72 116.15 150.62 190.75 12.94 73.90 112.16 25.88 103.31 1428.69 1131.56

Note: It should be noted that China Customs Statistics record the country of origin for imports and the country of final destination for exports. However, if the country of final destination cannot be ascertained, exports
are attributed to the last known country of dispatch (see China's Customs Statistics, December 2003). For sources and methods, see the Metadata.
219
Table A23
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Hong Kong, China
(Billion dollars)
South & Central

2008 0.26 2.80 0.01 1.99 0.13 2.90 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.32 0.02 0.22 6.28 8.25
Food 2007 0.21 1.39 0.01 1.36 0.10 1.49 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.24 0.02 0.22 3.42 6.49
2008 0.23 2.12 0.01 1.91 0.11 2.12 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.24 0.02 0.21 4.51 7.51
Fish 2007 0.07 0.21 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.04 0.33 1.58
2008 0.07 0.24 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.05 0.34 1.70
2008 0.16 1.88 0.01 1.79 0.11 1.96 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.11 0.02 0.17 4.17 5.82
Raw materials 2007 0.03 0.65 0.00 0.08 0.03 0.64 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.01 1.64 0.77
2008 0.03 0.68 0.00 0.08 0.02 0.78 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.01 1.78 0.74
2008 0.13 0.89 0.01 0.15 0.90 1.65 0.01 0.28 0.01 0.18 0.02 0.05 6.45 19.71
2008 0.02 0.32 0.00 0.02 0.25 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.81 0.65
Fuels 2007 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.84 11.00
2008 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.12 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.06 13.95
2008 0.11 0.45 0.01 0.00 0.65 1.39 0.00 0.12 0.01 0.08 0.01 0.02 4.59 5.11
Manufactures 2007 51.90 16.75 3.53 1.17 48.80 27.90 1.17 0.20 2.04 0.72 4.94 3.90 218.66 282.97
2008 51.04 17.72 3.99 1.00 52.37 31.16 1.42 0.31 2.28 0.84 5.59 4.30 231.22 293.58
Iron and steel 2007 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.38 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 2.54 3.61
2008 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.25 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 2.36 3.57
Chemicals 2007 0.22 2.24 0.02 0.05 0.15 3.91 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.56 16.58 14.60
2008 0.28 2.51 0.03 0.05 0.20 4.27 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.50 16.83 14.56
2008 0.02 0.16 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.48 0.47
Other chemicals 2007 0.21 2.09 0.01 0.04 0.14 2.95 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.56 15.41 14.16
2008 0.26 2.35 0.02 0.04 0.19 3.16 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.50 15.35 14.08
2008 2.66 2.01 0.08 0.39 3.06 4.00 0.05 0.11 0.09 0.46 1.87 2.46 12.49 16.34
2008 18.83 9.90 2.28 0.50 20.90 12.11 0.78 0.05 1.21 0.28 2.05 0.96 156.99 183.82
2008 12.85 6.37 1.80 0.44 14.20 4.24 0.66 0.03 0.97 0.19 1.46 0.40 114.63 136.49
2008 3.20 2.00 0.30 0.09 3.10 1.01 0.17 0.00 0.13 0.01 0.50 0.06 29.66 32.16
APPENDIX
2008 8.38 1.53 1.25 0.04 10.02 1.72 0.47 0.02 0.81 0.01 0.91 0.25 37.08 47.50
2008 1.26 2.83 0.25 0.32 1.07 1.51 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.17 0.05 0.10 47.88 56.83
2008 0.33 1.03 0.01 0.00 0.18 1.92 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.17 2.20 2.19
2008 0.08 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.05 1.58 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.15 1.61 1.30
2008 0.25 0.70 0.01 0.00 0.13 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.59 0.90
Other machinery 2007 5.52 2.26 0.38 0.08 6.10 5.11 0.08 0.01 0.23 0.07 0.72 0.50 37.53 42.22
2008 5.65 2.50 0.46 0.06 6.52 5.95 0.11 0.01 0.22 0.06 0.58 0.39 40.16 45.13
2008 0.62 0.58 0.02 0.00 0.91 2.09 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.26 0.25 3.63 3.72
2008 0.64 0.61 0.07 0.00 0.65 2.01 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.09 0.03 8.45 8.32
2008 4.40 1.31 0.37 0.05 4.96 1.84 0.10 0.01 0.11 0.01 0.23 0.12 28.07 33.09
Textiles 2007 0.31 0.23 0.16 0.01 0.20 1.16 0.01 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.19 0.01 12.26 12.14
2008 0.25 0.23 0.11 0.01 0.21 1.07 0.01 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.15 0.01 11.30 11.00
Clothing 2007 11.86 0.09 0.31 0.01 10.12 1.11 0.10 0.00 0.28 0.01 0.41 0.00 5.67 17.93
2008 10.99 0.10 0.31 0.01 10.58 1.34 0.12 0.00 0.28 0.01 0.44 0.00 5.17 17.07
2008 18.01 2.93 1.17 0.03 17.42 8.11 0.46 0.03 0.43 0.01 1.02 0.36 26.09 47.22
2008 4.87 0.13 0.29 0.02 3.15 1.70 0.06 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.14 0.00 3.58 8.73
instruments 2008 0.86 0.85 0.03 0.00 0.81 0.93 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.05 5.22 6.50
2008 12.29 1.96 0.85 0.01 13.46 5.49 0.36 0.03 0.34 0.01 0.85 0.31 17.29 31.99
2008 51.49 21.76 4.02 3.15 55.48 36.78 1.44 0.61 2.32 1.49 5.86 4.58 249.49 324.58
220
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Hong Kong, China
(Billion dollars)
China EU (27) United States Japan Singapore Taipei, Chinese World b
2008 4.16 3.23 0.13 2.76 0.19 2.15 0.09 0.84 0.13 0.34 0.63 0.25 6.74 16.50
Food 2007 1.78 2.62 0.10 1.38 0.16 1.12 0.05 0.67 0.11 0.23 0.26 0.16 3.78 11.19
2008 2.53 3.02 0.11 1.99 0.17 1.72 0.05 0.71 0.12 0.31 0.61 0.18 4.91 14.12
Fish 2007 0.17 0.26 0.00 0.07 0.05 0.09 0.02 0.37 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.40 2.22
2008 0.18 0.33 0.00 0.07 0.05 0.11 0.02 0.35 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.41 2.41
2008 2.36 2.69 0.11 1.92 0.12 1.60 0.03 0.36 0.11 0.26 0.59 0.12 4.50 11.71
Raw materials 2007 1.50 0.21 0.03 0.63 0.02 0.45 0.03 0.12 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.07 1.70 2.24
2008 1.63 0.21 0.02 0.77 0.02 0.43 0.04 0.12 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.07 1.83 2.38
2008 4.79 6.64 0.46 0.68 0.10 0.61 0.16 2.11 0.09 4.65 0.49 0.71 7.52 22.90
2008 0.42 0.24 0.03 0.23 0.02 0.30 0.03 0.24 0.00 0.01 0.27 0.01 1.07 1.36
Fuels 2007 0.63 2.53 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.24 0.00 5.42 0.01 0.55 0.85 11.34
2008 0.76 3.87 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.12 0.00 1.08 0.06 4.50 0.01 0.26 1.07 14.37
2008 3.61 2.53 0.42 0.42 0.08 0.19 0.13 0.79 0.03 0.14 0.21 0.44 5.38 7.17
Manufactures 2007 158.95 161.68 46.00 23.65 46.99 15.85 15.11 34.86 6.30 19.13 6.14 24.97 331.16 333.62
2008 166.94 171.25 48.97 25.87 45.88 16.72 15.28 35.25 6.87 20.03 5.93 23.70 348.03 348.93
Iron and steel 2007 2.23 1.27 0.02 0.37 0.02 0.04 0.00 1.07 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.63 2.60 4.08
2008 2.03 1.32 0.02 0.23 0.01 0.03 0.00 1.14 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.57 2.40 3.98
Chemicals 2007 14.50 3.52 0.14 3.42 0.20 2.05 0.20 3.46 0.17 1.24 0.21 2.71 17.07 21.42
2008 14.60 3.64 0.18 3.67 0.24 2.28 0.19 3.50 0.19 1.17 0.23 2.63 17.43 21.99
2008 0.78 0.17 0.01 0.87 0.01 0.14 0.07 0.07 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.02 1.52 1.76
Other chemicals 2007 13.98 3.36 0.13 2.63 0.19 1.93 0.10 3.40 0.16 1.19 0.20 2.69 15.86 19.86
2008 13.83 3.47 0.17 2.81 0.23 2.14 0.12 3.43 0.18 1.12 0.22 2.61 15.91 20.23
2008 6.19 6.57 2.76 3.77 2.49 1.89 0.63 1.37 0.21 0.25 0.12 0.46 20.30 25.77
2008 120.16 98.11 19.94 11.31 16.32 9.39 8.31 23.41 5.24 17.77 4.28 17.44 203.08 207.62
2008 88.42 67.26 13.75 3.90 11.12 6.02 5.56 14.30 3.39 15.80 3.41 15.51 146.58 148.17
2008 23.05 20.81 2.99 0.99 2.76 1.86 1.31 3.34 0.83 1.77 0.58 1.33 37.07 35.32
APPENDIX
2008 24.68 34.26 9.75 1.65 7.27 1.39 3.61 4.84 1.25 1.60 0.67 1.85 58.93 51.08
2008 40.69 12.19 1.01 1.26 1.09 2.77 0.64 6.12 1.30 12.43 2.16 12.34 50.58 61.77
2008 1.48 0.61 0.18 1.90 0.32 1.02 0.13 1.20 0.08 0.16 0.05 0.06 2.79 5.35
2008 1.23 0.18 0.05 1.58 0.08 0.33 0.04 0.97 0.03 0.09 0.01 0.01 1.76 3.41
2008 0.25 0.44 0.13 0.32 0.24 0.69 0.09 0.23 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.05 1.03 1.94
Other machinery 2007 28.70 27.93 5.83 4.81 4.85 2.11 2.53 8.00 1.20 1.47 0.74 1.91 50.55 50.25
2008 30.26 30.23 6.00 5.51 4.88 2.35 2.62 7.91 1.77 1.81 0.82 1.87 53.70 54.10
2008 1.99 2.08 0.66 1.89 0.54 0.55 0.24 0.35 0.80 0.70 0.08 0.14 5.50 6.68
2008 7.00 3.69 0.61 1.87 0.56 0.57 0.31 3.19 0.23 0.46 0.15 0.34 9.98 10.98
2008 21.28 24.47 4.74 1.75 3.79 1.23 2.07 4.37 0.74 0.64 0.59 1.38 38.22 36.44
Textiles 2007 9.42 8.25 0.18 1.07 0.26 0.21 0.06 0.63 0.03 0.04 0.03 1.33 13.42 13.56
2008 8.57 7.63 0.19 0.99 0.21 0.21 0.05 0.59 0.03 0.03 0.03 1.17 12.26 12.31
Clothing 2007 1.84 17.35 9.74 1.03 10.76 0.09 1.72 0.13 0.31 0.01 0.28 0.04 28.76 19.15
2008 1.40 16.47 10.18 1.24 9.94 0.10 1.64 0.14 0.28 0.01 0.26 0.04 27.91 18.55
2008 13.99 37.51 15.69 4.65 16.66 2.83 4.45 5.09 0.91 0.76 0.98 1.39 64.65 58.72
2008 0.85 8.37 3.03 1.39 4.48 0.12 1.15 0.07 0.12 0.02 0.22 0.04 12.18 10.58
instruments 2008 4.11 5.03 0.78 0.86 0.77 0.81 0.44 0.89 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.20 7.00 8.33
2008 9.03 24.11 11.89 2.40 11.41 1.89 2.86 4.14 0.71 0.64 0.63 1.15 45.48 39.80
2008 178.62 181.23 50.76 29.93 46.22 19.64 15.61 39.18 7.27 25.17 7.32 24.72 370.24 392.96

221
Table A24
Domestic exports and re-exports of merchandise by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Hong Kong, China
(Billion dollars)
South & Central

dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp.
2008 0.05 0.20 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.59 5.70
Food 2007 0.05 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.38 3.05
2008 0.05 0.17 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.38 4.13
Fish 2007 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33
2008 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33
2008 0.05 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.37 3.80
Raw materials 2007 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 1.46
2008 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 1.57
2008 0.03 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.14 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 1.04 5.41
2008 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.29
Fuels 2007 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.57
2008 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.74
2008 0.02 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.11 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.21 4.38
Manufactures 2007 3.20 48.70 0.06 3.47 2.28 46.52 0.02 1.15 0.07 1.98 0.09 4.85 6.54 212.12
2008 2.52 48.52 0.07 3.92 1.32 51.05 0.01 1.41 0.05 2.23 0.13 5.45 5.54 225.68
Iron and steel 2007 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 2.44
2008 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 2.28
Chemicals 2007 0.02 0.21 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.15 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.04 1.34 15.24
2008 0.02 0.26 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.19 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.05 1.38 15.44
2008 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 1.22
Other chemicals 2007 0.01 0.20 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.04 1.13 14.28
2008 0.01 0.25 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.18 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.04 1.13 14.22
2008 0.02 2.64 0.00 0.08 0.02 3.03 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.08 0.00 1.87 0.13 12.36
2008 0.44 18.40 0.03 2.25 0.36 20.54 0.00 0.77 0.01 1.20 0.01 2.03 1.78 155.21
2008 0.35 12.50 0.02 1.78 0.32 13.87 0.00 0.66 0.01 0.96 0.01 1.45 1.10 113.53
2008 0.02 3.18 0.01 0.29 0.02 3.08 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.49 0.16 29.51
APPENDIX
2008 0.30 8.08 0.01 1.24 0.27 9.75 0.00 0.47 0.01 0.80 0.00 0.91 0.53 36.55
2008 0.02 1.24 0.00 0.25 0.03 1.04 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.42 47.47
2008 0.01 0.32 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 2.20
2008 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.61
2008 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.59
Other machinery 2007 0.09 5.44 0.00 0.37 0.05 6.06 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.22 0.01 0.71 0.62 36.91
2008 0.07 5.58 0.01 0.46 0.03 6.48 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.22 0.01 0.57 0.68 39.48
2008 0.00 0.62 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.26 0.00 3.63
2008 0.02 0.63 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.64 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.08 0.35 8.10
2008 0.06 4.34 0.00 0.37 0.02 4.93 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.11 0.01 0.22 0.32 27.75
Textiles 2007 0.01 0.30 0.00 0.16 0.01 0.19 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.27 0.00 0.19 0.42 11.84
2008 0.01 0.24 0.00 0.11 0.01 0.20 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.22 0.00 0.15 0.37 10.93
Clothing 2007 2.08 9.77 0.01 0.30 1.40 8.72 0.00 0.10 0.02 0.26 0.00 0.41 1.47 4.20
2008 1.52 9.48 0.01 0.30 0.44 10.14 0.00 0.12 0.01 0.27 0.00 0.44 0.89 4.29
2008 0.52 17.50 0.02 1.15 0.49 16.93 0.01 0.45 0.02 0.41 0.11 0.92 0.92 25.17
2008 0.00 4.86 0.00 0.29 0.00 3.15 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.14 0.00 3.57
instruments 2008 0.01 0.85 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.80 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.07 5.15
2008 0.50 11.78 0.02 0.83 0.48 12.98 0.01 0.35 0.02 0.32 0.11 0.74 0.84 16.45
2008 2.61 48.87 0.08 3.93 3.22 52.25 0.02 1.43 0.07 2.25 0.35 5.51 10.57 238.92
222
Domestic exports and re-exports of merchandise by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Hong Kong, China
(Billion dollars)
China EU (27) United States Japan Taipei, Chinese Singapore World b
dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp. dom.exp re-exp.
2008 0.31 3.85 0.04 0.09 0.04 0.15 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.62 0.06 0.07 0.70 6.04
Food 2007 0.11 1.67 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.12 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.25 0.06 0.05 0.48 3.30
2008 0.11 2.42 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.13 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.61 0.06 0.06 0.49 4.42
Fish 2007 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.39
2008 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.41
2008 0.11 2.25 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.08 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.58 0.06 0.04 0.49 4.01
Raw materials 2007 0.16 1.34 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.17 1.53
2008 0.20 1.43 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.21 1.62
2008 0.64 4.16 0.11 0.35 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.13 0.26 0.23 0.01 0.07 1.23 6.29
2008 0.21 0.21 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.25 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.55 0.53
Fuels 2007 0.27 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.57
2008 0.31 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.32 0.74
2008 0.12 3.49 0.10 0.32 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.11 0.00 0.20 0.01 0.01 0.36 5.02
Manufactures 2007 4.33 154.62 2.12 43.88 2.99 44.00 0.32 14.79 0.30 5.83 0.32 5.98 12.26 318.89
2008 3.50 163.44 1.12 47.85 2.35 43.53 0.25 15.03 0.22 5.70 0.31 6.56 9.65 338.38
Iron and steel 2007 0.01 2.22 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.12 2.47
2008 0.01 2.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.08 2.32
Chemicals 2007 1.10 13.40 0.01 0.13 0.01 0.19 0.01 0.19 0.01 0.20 0.07 0.10 1.37 15.69
2008 1.12 13.49 0.01 0.17 0.01 0.23 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.22 0.08 0.12 1.42 16.01
2008 0.22 0.56 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.26 1.26
Other chemicals 2007 0.92 13.06 0.00 0.12 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.09 0.01 0.19 0.07 0.09 1.15 14.71
2008 0.90 12.93 0.01 0.17 0.01 0.22 0.01 0.11 0.01 0.21 0.08 0.10 1.16 14.75
2008 0.08 6.11 0.01 2.75 0.02 2.47 0.00 0.63 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.21 0.18 20.12
2008 0.88 119.28 0.35 19.59 0.35 15.97 0.11 8.20 0.09 4.19 0.14 5.11 2.63 200.45
2008 0.47 87.95 0.32 13.43 0.28 10.84 0.09 5.47 0.03 3.38 0.12 3.27 1.81 144.77
2008 0.11 22.93 0.02 2.97 0.01 2.74 0.01 1.31 0.00 0.58 0.00 0.83 0.21 36.86
APPENDIX
2008 0.09 24.59 0.27 9.48 0.24 7.03 0.07 3.54 0.00 0.67 0.11 1.14 1.13 57.81
2008 0.26 40.43 0.03 0.98 0.02 1.07 0.01 0.63 0.03 2.13 0.01 1.29 0.48 50.10
2008 0.00 1.48 0.00 0.18 0.01 0.31 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.08 0.02 2.78
2008 0.00 1.23 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.02 1.74
2008 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.00 1.03
Other machinery 2007 0.43 28.27 0.04 5.79 0.08 4.77 0.02 2.51 0.05 0.69 0.01 1.19 0.77 49.78
2008 0.41 29.85 0.03 5.97 0.06 4.82 0.02 2.60 0.06 0.76 0.02 1.76 0.80 52.91
2008 0.00 1.99 0.00 0.66 0.00 0.54 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.80 0.00 5.50
2008 0.18 6.81 0.01 0.60 0.01 0.54 0.01 0.30 0.05 0.10 0.01 0.22 0.39 9.59
2008 0.23 21.05 0.02 4.72 0.05 3.74 0.01 2.06 0.00 0.58 0.00 0.74 0.40 37.82
Textiles 2007 0.28 9.15 0.01 0.17 0.01 0.25 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.46 12.95
2008 0.25 8.31 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.21 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.40 11.86
Clothing 2007 1.31 0.53 1.37 8.37 1.97 8.79 0.02 1.70 0.11 0.18 0.01 0.30 4.98 23.78
2008 0.79 0.60 0.41 9.77 1.46 8.48 0.01 1.63 0.06 0.20 0.00 0.28 2.87 25.04
2008 0.37 13.62 0.33 15.36 0.50 16.16 0.11 4.34 0.06 0.91 0.09 0.82 2.08 62.57
2008 0.00 0.85 0.00 3.03 0.00 4.47 0.00 1.15 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.12 0.01 12.17
instruments 2008 0.04 4.07 0.01 0.77 0.01 0.76 0.01 0.43 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.08 0.08 6.92
2008 0.32 8.71 0.32 11.57 0.48 10.93 0.10 2.76 0.05 0.58 0.09 0.62 1.99 43.49
2008 5.52 173.10 2.41 48.35 2.43 43.79 0.33 15.27 0.75 6.57 0.52 6.74 16.96 353.28

Note: It should be noted that China Customs Statistics record the country of origin for imports and the country of final destination for exports. However, if the country of final destination cannot be ascertained,
exports are attributed to the last known country of dispatch (see China's Customs Statistics, December 2003). For sources and methods, see the Metadata.
223
Table A25
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Japan
(Billion dollars)
South & Central

2008 1.07 28.73 0.06 6.41 0.75 10.13 0.08 1.97 0.22 1.60 0.16 0.14 5.98 31.59
Food 2007 0.64 19.30 0.02 4.21 0.16 7.24 0.04 1.12 0.05 0.99 0.05 0.13 2.63 22.38
2008 0.72 25.29 0.03 5.11 0.19 8.70 0.05 1.33 0.08 1.10 0.07 0.12 2.81 24.44
Fish 2007 0.23 1.68 0.01 1.03 0.04 1.24 0.02 1.02 0.05 0.40 0.01 0.04 1.27 7.35
2008 0.26 2.02 0.01 1.14 0.03 1.54 0.02 1.28 0.06 0.45 0.02 0.04 1.19 7.54
2008 0.47 23.26 0.01 3.97 0.16 7.16 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.65 0.05 0.08 1.62 16.90
Raw materials 2007 0.34 3.32 0.02 1.09 0.53 1.63 0.01 1.01 0.12 0.49 0.10 0.02 2.82 6.02
2008 0.35 3.44 0.03 1.30 0.56 1.43 0.03 0.63 0.14 0.50 0.09 0.03 3.17 7.15
2008 2.02 10.74 1.01 13.79 2.53 4.57 0.13 10.85 0.04 17.25 0.42 165.53 31.49 104.79
2008 0.17 4.05 0.00 11.62 0.41 0.55 0.00 0.07 0.00 1.32 0.01 0.24 5.25 18.08
Fuels 2007 1.92 2.19 0.20 0.57 0.72 0.44 0.05 5.39 0.04 5.63 0.05 111.33 6.23 47.19
2008 1.09 4.31 0.99 0.47 1.17 1.01 0.07 7.95 0.01 10.39 0.13 164.84 15.32 78.80
2008 0.77 2.38 0.02 1.70 0.95 3.00 0.05 2.83 0.02 5.55 0.28 0.46 10.92 7.91
Manufactures 2007 155.68 53.32 14.51 1.82 103.95 59.71 12.20 0.91 9.96 1.80 25.15 1.63 310.05 195.14
2008 149.39 53.68 17.83 2.28 107.99 63.83 18.96 1.71 11.67 2.00 32.77 1.84 343.11 215.30
Iron and steel 2007 2.98 0.20 0.46 0.62 1.40 0.50 0.21 0.68 0.50 0.59 1.95 0.00 26.90 5.76
2008 3.66 0.20 0.67 0.74 1.59 0.51 0.29 1.43 0.59 0.96 1.90 0.00 35.39 7.64
Chemicals 2007 8.31 11.11 0.58 0.62 7.95 17.87 0.10 0.12 0.29 0.15 0.49 0.89 47.47 14.76
2008 8.62 12.57 0.72 0.64 8.62 20.70 0.15 0.17 0.30 0.20 0.72 1.15 50.01 19.12
2008 1.22 2.34 0.08 0.00 1.44 7.68 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.86 0.95
Other chemicals 2007 7.15 9.10 0.51 0.62 6.76 11.47 0.10 0.12 0.27 0.15 0.46 0.88 46.75 14.03
2008 7.40 10.22 0.64 0.63 7.17 13.02 0.14 0.17 0.28 0.20 0.68 1.13 49.15 18.17
2008 5.94 2.91 0.88 0.10 5.11 3.35 0.60 0.06 0.58 0.04 1.75 0.17 18.30 18.82
2008 118.81 27.79 14.90 0.66 81.41 24.17 17.69 0.02 9.89 0.66 27.28 0.30 202.92 105.21
2008 20.64 8.35 0.84 0.27 20.57 2.96 0.49 0.00 0.27 0.01 0.97 0.18 59.48 60.77
2008 8.24 1.73 0.13 0.04 7.61 1.11 0.06 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.18 0.05 8.21 21.55
APPENDIX
2008 8.83 2.43 0.33 0.00 8.64 0.69 0.43 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.74 0.06 15.02 20.94
2008 3.57 4.19 0.38 0.22 4.32 1.16 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.06 0.08 36.24 18.28
2008 68.73 7.84 10.53 0.31 34.96 9.95 14.87 0.00 7.43 0.60 19.65 0.00 47.45 7.69
2008 59.98 1.85 7.25 0.02 27.53 8.57 14.64 0.00 7.06 0.60 18.85 0.00 35.59 4.81
2008 8.75 5.99 3.28 0.29 7.43 1.37 0.23 0.00 0.37 0.00 0.81 0.00 11.85 2.87
Other machinery 2007 28.83 12.29 2.49 0.08 24.61 10.36 1.57 0.00 1.60 0.05 5.51 0.12 86.86 32.72
2008 29.44 11.59 3.53 0.08 25.89 11.27 2.32 0.01 2.20 0.05 6.65 0.12 95.99 36.76
2008 3.72 4.59 0.27 0.00 2.09 1.30 0.19 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.57 0.00 4.88 2.12
2008 18.44 4.31 2.69 0.06 17.50 7.30 1.98 0.00 1.60 0.04 4.89 0.04 60.02 14.04
2008 7.29 2.69 0.57 0.02 6.30 2.67 0.15 0.01 0.35 0.01 1.18 0.07 31.09 20.60
Textiles 2007 0.58 0.26 0.03 0.01 0.68 0.75 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.34 0.03 5.43 5.23
2008 0.57 0.27 0.03 0.02 0.73 0.77 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.43 0.02 5.51 5.82
Clothing 2007 0.10 0.24 0.00 0.04 0.13 1.74 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.28 21.89
2008 0.08 0.21 0.00 0.04 0.15 1.70 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.35 23.73
2008 11.70 9.73 0.62 0.08 10.38 12.63 0.22 0.03 0.25 0.03 0.69 0.20 30.63 34.94
2008 0.41 0.46 0.03 0.04 0.22 2.88 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.69 11.23
instruments 2008 4.89 5.25 0.38 0.03 4.56 3.57 0.12 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.24 0.16 11.18 5.12
2008 6.40 4.02 0.21 0.02 5.60 6.17 0.09 0.02 0.11 0.01 0.43 0.04 18.76 18.60
2008 159.43 95.53 19.09 22.54 119.51 79.69 19.33 14.88 12.11 20.93 33.84 167.57 406.54 361.29
224
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Japan
(Billion dollars)
China United States EU (27) Rep. of Korea Taipei, Chinese Australia World b
2008 1.77 7.94 1.00 21.65 0.70 8.85 0.74 1.65 0.81 1.08 0.08 5.99 8.35 80.59
Food 2007 0.40 7.91 0.59 15.43 0.15 6.28 0.47 1.11 0.54 0.73 0.04 4.15 3.62 55.38
2008 0.34 6.98 0.67 19.87 0.18 7.49 0.45 1.30 0.57 0.77 0.05 4.62 3.98 66.11
Fish 2007 0.27 2.70 0.21 1.17 0.04 0.45 0.27 0.52 0.06 0.55 0.01 0.30 1.65 12.77
2008 0.20 2.41 0.24 1.50 0.03 0.65 0.22 0.63 0.06 0.57 0.01 0.30 1.62 14.03
2008 0.14 4.57 0.43 18.37 0.15 6.85 0.23 0.67 0.51 0.20 0.04 4.32 2.36 52.08
Raw materials 2007 1.38 0.94 0.32 1.72 0.49 1.59 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.02 1.17 3.94 13.58
2008 1.43 0.96 0.33 1.78 0.52 1.36 0.30 0.35 0.24 0.31 0.03 1.37 4.37 14.48
2008 11.54 7.50 1.62 5.45 1.80 3.36 4.72 5.24 2.28 0.88 2.01 40.37 37.65 327.54
2008 2.92 1.13 0.16 2.22 0.19 0.51 1.70 0.48 0.25 0.38 0.01 9.28 5.85 35.93
Fuels 2007 1.88 2.80 1.75 1.04 0.72 0.38 1.13 2.93 0.32 0.16 0.42 15.49 9.28 172.78
2008 4.73 4.36 0.73 2.01 1.13 0.67 1.63 3.70 0.27 0.21 1.96 28.77 18.78 267.78
2008 3.88 2.01 0.73 1.22 0.47 2.17 1.38 1.05 1.76 0.29 0.04 2.33 13.02 23.83
Manufactures 2007 92.74 112.13 135.96 49.79 98.12 54.07 46.88 20.87 38.72 16.19 12.77 0.89 640.87 314.33
2008 104.10 126.10 129.62 49.62 101.39 57.22 51.45 21.73 39.98 17.45 14.56 1.10 693.24 340.69
Iron and steel 2007 6.52 1.88 1.92 0.18 1.04 0.47 7.16 2.47 2.68 0.61 0.51 0.07 34.40 8.35
2008 8.32 2.96 2.32 0.19 1.28 0.46 9.34 3.00 3.41 0.71 0.74 0.16 44.11 11.48
Chemicals 2007 15.26 6.57 7.97 10.58 7.34 15.65 10.66 2.18 8.73 1.44 0.49 0.25 65.19 45.52
2008 15.60 8.29 8.26 11.74 7.90 17.86 11.57 3.03 8.99 1.92 0.56 0.35 69.14 54.54
2008 0.27 0.50 1.20 2.26 1.20 6.46 0.26 0.13 0.11 0.04 0.01 0.08 3.66 11.00
Other chemicals 2007 15.07 6.18 6.83 8.63 6.33 10.27 10.44 2.06 8.63 1.41 0.48 0.21 62.00 36.38
2008 15.34 7.79 7.06 9.48 6.70 11.40 11.31 2.90 8.88 1.88 0.55 0.26 65.47 43.54
2008 4.71 9.46 5.13 2.76 4.78 3.23 3.04 1.66 2.44 1.08 0.80 0.24 33.17 25.45
2008 62.66 55.90 102.87 25.78 76.60 23.12 22.26 11.84 21.07 10.91 11.88 0.22 484.40 158.86
2008 19.04 30.54 18.01 7.40 20.26 2.89 5.47 7.47 6.85 8.24 0.93 0.02 103.26 72.55
2008 2.69 15.53 7.73 1.41 7.57 1.09 0.50 0.64 0.25 0.96 0.31 0.01 24.49 24.47
APPENDIX
2008 6.29 12.51 7.04 1.97 8.40 0.65 1.23 2.34 0.53 0.81 0.56 0.01 34.17 24.14
2008 10.05 2.50 3.23 4.03 4.29 1.15 3.75 4.49 6.07 6.47 0.06 0.00 44.61 23.94
2008 11.85 3.72 59.03 7.29 32.03 9.88 2.68 0.82 2.09 0.67 8.69 0.14 215.10 26.44
2008 9.65 2.10 51.24 1.45 25.01 8.55 1.85 0.54 1.15 0.26 8.18 0.05 171.01 15.86
2008 2.20 1.62 7.79 5.84 7.02 1.33 0.83 0.28 0.95 0.41 0.51 0.09 44.09 10.58
Other machinery 2007 28.28 18.88 25.67 11.85 23.21 9.56 12.78 2.98 12.34 1.88 1.88 0.06 151.47 55.61
2008 31.77 21.64 25.83 11.08 24.31 10.35 14.11 3.54 12.13 2.00 2.27 0.06 166.04 59.87
2008 1.70 1.32 3.34 4.48 2.02 1.26 0.78 0.30 0.37 0.07 0.19 0.00 11.97 8.01
2008 18.11 7.63 16.32 4.10 16.33 6.60 9.51 2.37 8.87 1.01 1.78 0.04 107.13 25.79
2008 11.95 12.68 6.17 2.50 5.95 2.49 3.81 0.87 2.88 0.92 0.30 0.02 46.93 26.07
Textiles 2007 3.01 3.44 0.54 0.25 0.63 0.69 0.35 0.32 0.21 0.36 0.02 0.01 7.11 6.30
2008 3.05 3.86 0.52 0.25 0.68 0.69 0.34 0.35 0.22 0.37 0.02 0.01 7.34 6.93
Clothing 2007 0.05 19.79 0.09 0.20 0.13 1.65 0.05 0.26 0.07 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.52 24.00
2008 0.07 21.35 0.08 0.18 0.14 1.60 0.06 0.23 0.08 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.59 25.79
2008 9.69 24.28 10.45 8.72 10.00 10.26 4.84 1.63 3.78 2.39 0.55 0.13 54.50 57.64
2008 0.28 9.04 0.30 0.22 0.19 2.82 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.31 0.02 0.00 1.40 14.63
instruments 2008 4.26 2.27 4.46 4.78 4.42 3.32 1.83 0.83 1.20 0.51 0.15 0.10 21.51 14.13
2008 5.15 12.97 5.69 3.72 5.39 4.12 2.95 0.72 2.53 1.58 0.39 0.03 31.59 28.88
2008 124.90 143.23 138.70 78.94 110.42 70.44 59.49 29.48 46.12 21.81 17.30 47.53 781.41 762.53

225
Table A26
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Chinese Taipei
(Billion dollars)
South and
North America Central America Europe CIS Africa Middle East Asia
2008 0.64 4.75 0.11 0.74 0.42 1.37 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.16 0.16 0.03 3.52 5.43
Food 2007 0.33 3.14 0.03 0.42 0.07 0.94 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.02 1.47 2.89
2008 0.38 3.82 0.04 0.47 0.07 1.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.03 1.87 3.72
Fish 2007 0.17 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.90 0.25
2008 0.18 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.07 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.00 1.15 0.39
2008 0.20 3.76 0.01 0.42 0.04 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.72 3.33
Raw materials 2007 0.23 0.99 0.08 0.25 0.29 0.27 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.13 0.16 0.00 1.74 1.70
2008 0.26 0.94 0.07 0.27 0.35 0.34 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.11 0.12 0.01 1.65 1.71
2008 0.49 3.53 0.81 3.40 1.13 2.13 0.00 1.35 0.16 6.89 0.19 36.23 18.70 26.84
2008 0.01 2.26 0.00 0.97 0.16 0.94 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.25 0.93 3.61
Fuels 2007 0.68 0.36 0.26 0.04 0.46 0.62 0.00 0.21 0.13 4.65 0.14 25.07 9.62 12.58
2008 0.38 0.81 0.79 0.13 0.85 0.60 0.00 1.05 0.15 6.29 0.16 35.57 12.99 17.15
2008 0.10 0.46 0.01 2.29 0.13 0.60 0.00 0.21 0.01 0.35 0.03 0.42 4.78 6.08
Manufactures 2007 33.84 21.53 3.52 0.83 28.03 18.20 1.03 1.28 1.90 0.65 3.67 1.82 148.43 95.91
2008 33.05 19.78 4.25 1.50 28.23 17.74 1.20 1.91 2.13 0.87 4.03 2.12 148.84 95.73
Iron and steel 2007 1.52 0.16 0.25 0.40 1.55 0.67 0.08 0.85 0.11 0.48 0.59 0.00 8.12 6.64
2008 1.49 0.33 0.37 1.07 1.30 0.79 0.07 1.46 0.17 0.71 0.65 0.03 8.64 7.37
Chemicals 2007 1.21 4.50 0.59 0.08 1.44 4.53 0.14 0.36 0.33 0.07 0.76 1.31 24.07 17.87
2008 1.45 4.52 0.77 0.06 1.57 4.84 0.18 0.38 0.41 0.07 0.91 1.67 25.81 18.79
2008 0.02 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.02 1.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.33
Other chemicals 2007 1.19 4.18 0.59 0.07 1.42 3.52 0.14 0.36 0.33 0.07 0.76 1.31 23.87 17.56
2008 1.43 4.16 0.77 0.06 1.55 3.77 0.18 0.38 0.41 0.07 0.91 1.67 25.66 18.46
2008 4.62 1.18 0.33 0.08 2.96 0.97 0.16 0.03 0.28 0.01 0.41 0.02 6.52 5.89
2008 19.76 11.46 1.97 0.25 19.00 7.87 0.60 0.03 0.86 0.06 1.41 0.27 74.40 50.90
2008 9.82 5.72 0.63 0.09 9.24 2.02 0.22 0.02 0.21 0.02 0.46 0.23 49.15 28.41
2008 2.61 0.28 0.13 0.00 2.96 0.14 0.15 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.22 0.00 4.62 4.47
APPENDIX
2008 5.22 0.36 0.27 0.00 3.27 0.29 0.06 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.21 0.02 2.46 3.70
2008 1.98 5.08 0.23 0.09 3.01 1.59 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.21 42.07 20.24
2008 3.11 0.77 0.32 0.12 2.96 1.11 0.09 0.00 0.22 0.03 0.27 0.00 2.53 3.09
2008 1.71 0.13 0.19 0.00 0.87 0.78 0.05 0.00 0.16 0.02 0.20 0.00 1.00 1.51
2008 1.40 0.64 0.13 0.12 2.09 0.32 0.04 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.00 1.53 1.58
Other machinery 2007 6.31 6.22 0.77 0.03 6.98 4.38 0.20 0.01 0.39 0.01 0.55 0.05 24.56 19.34
2008 6.83 4.97 1.02 0.04 6.80 4.75 0.29 0.01 0.43 0.02 0.68 0.04 22.72 19.40
2008 0.26 0.61 0.02 0.00 0.12 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.54 0.65
2008 2.81 3.47 0.59 0.02 2.80 3.52 0.14 0.01 0.34 0.01 0.47 0.01 8.98 10.90
2008 3.76 0.89 0.42 0.01 3.88 0.95 0.15 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.20 0.02 13.20 7.86
Textiles 2007 0.67 0.06 0.34 0.00 0.49 0.15 0.03 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.28 0.00 7.70 0.96
2008 0.65 0.06 0.31 0.00 0.47 0.16 0.02 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.24 0.00 7.28 0.94
Clothing 2007 0.77 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.13 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.32 0.88
2008 0.69 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.12 0.20 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.32 0.94
2008 4.39 2.21 0.48 0.02 2.80 2.91 0.16 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.38 0.12 25.87 10.90
2008 0.62 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.31 0.36 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.63 0.83
instruments 2008 0.70 1.49 0.07 0.01 0.50 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.11 17.92 3.63
2008 3.07 0.70 0.37 0.01 1.99 1.56 0.14 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.30 0.01 7.31 6.44
2008 34.44 28.75 5.18 5.64 29.93 21.85 1.25 3.33 2.36 7.92 4.39 38.39 172.67 129.59
226
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Chinese Taipei
(Billion dollars)
Hong Kong,
China Japan United States EU (27) China Rep. of Korea World b
2008 0.67 0.62 1.03 0.97 0.54 4.24 0.36 1.23 0.32 0.01 0.15 0.16 4.98 12.55
Food 2007 0.11 0.32 0.67 0.65 0.29 2.99 0.07 0.86 0.13 0.01 0.07 0.07 2.00 7.48
2008 0.14 0.42 0.72 0.73 0.32 3.61 0.06 0.93 0.17 0.01 0.07 0.07 2.48 9.14
Fish 2007 0.04 0.04 0.50 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.01 1.19 0.42
2008 0.04 0.07 0.54 0.03 0.15 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.01 1.48 0.58
2008 0.09 0.35 0.19 0.69 0.17 3.58 0.04 0.92 0.12 0.01 0.02 0.06 1.00 8.56
Raw materials 2007 0.69 0.22 0.24 0.24 0.20 0.66 0.21 0.23 0.18 0.00 0.08 0.11 2.56 3.36
2008 0.54 0.20 0.30 0.25 0.22 0.62 0.30 0.30 0.15 0.00 0.08 0.09 2.50 3.42
2008 5.29 3.77 0.85 2.40 0.47 2.70 1.12 1.83 1.62 0.44 0.31 1.47 24.64 80.46
2008 0.36 0.76 0.24 0.29 0.00 1.89 0.16 0.90 0.12 0.32 0.06 0.08 1.10 8.38
Fuels 2007 0.77 1.40 0.33 0.36 0.62 0.19 0.46 0.50 0.75 0.03 0.08 0.53 13.71 43.54
2008 2.73 2.06 0.30 0.30 0.38 0.51 0.85 0.39 0.38 0.01 0.16 0.74 18.47 61.61
2008 2.21 0.95 0.32 1.81 0.09 0.30 0.12 0.54 1.12 0.12 0.09 0.65 5.07 10.46
Manufactures 2007 57.95 23.98 14.16 41.43 30.64 20.65 26.01 16.85 34.83 1.10 7.28 13.48 220.50 143.55
2008 60.26 26.76 15.47 42.38 29.49 18.77 26.33 16.26 29.39 0.74 8.16 11.31 222.30 143.27
Iron and steel 2007 2.77 2.19 0.55 2.85 1.33 0.08 1.36 0.64 1.09 0.01 0.49 0.82 12.22 9.21
2008 2.20 2.38 0.68 3.57 1.25 0.19 1.11 0.66 1.07 0.01 0.69 0.87 12.69 11.78
Chemicals 2007 13.13 2.69 1.52 9.56 1.04 4.29 1.12 4.16 3.57 0.05 0.78 2.43 28.55 28.74
2008 13.68 3.67 1.97 9.66 1.23 4.26 1.31 4.49 3.33 0.04 1.09 2.30 31.11 30.42
2008 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.10 0.01 0.33 0.02 0.95 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.20 1.77
Other chemicals 2007 13.11 2.65 1.49 9.46 1.03 4.00 1.10 3.28 3.56 0.05 0.77 2.41 28.31 27.09
2008 13.66 3.62 1.95 9.55 1.22 3.93 1.29 3.54 3.32 0.04 1.08 2.28 30.91 28.65
2008 1.75 1.44 1.15 2.67 4.10 1.07 2.83 0.94 0.89 0.03 0.23 0.48 15.29 8.19
2008 23.41 14.92 9.13 20.60 17.70 11.04 17.89 7.37 18.85 0.39 5.23 6.75 118.55 73.93
2008 12.86 8.71 6.33 7.28 9.39 5.46 8.90 1.94 14.72 0.25 4.16 5.56 69.73 39.47
2008 1.47 3.05 0.85 0.36 2.51 0.22 2.83 0.14 1.07 0.02 0.17 0.22 10.74 5.06
APPENDIX
2008 0.56 2.34 0.43 0.61 4.97 0.27 3.11 0.28 0.52 0.02 0.07 0.43 11.61 4.39
2008 10.84 3.32 5.06 6.31 1.91 4.96 2.96 1.53 13.13 0.21 3.92 4.91 47.38 30.02
2008 0.28 0.76 0.64 1.87 2.74 0.73 2.80 1.08 0.28 0.00 0.17 0.12 10.06 5.12
2008 0.15 0.19 0.25 1.13 1.51 0.12 0.82 0.78 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.07 4.19 2.45
2008 0.13 0.57 0.40 0.74 1.23 0.61 1.98 0.31 0.22 0.00 0.14 0.05 5.87 2.67
Other machinery 2007 10.77 4.91 2.16 11.64 5.35 6.11 6.28 3.95 5.62 0.22 0.81 1.14 39.76 30.14
2008 10.27 5.44 2.16 11.46 5.56 4.86 6.19 4.35 3.86 0.14 0.89 1.07 38.76 29.34
2008 0.18 0.20 0.06 0.37 0.22 0.61 0.11 0.27 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.97 1.55
2008 3.91 1.70 1.00 7.94 2.49 3.42 2.44 3.19 0.60 0.06 0.31 0.62 16.12 17.96
2008 6.18 3.54 1.09 3.16 2.85 0.83 3.64 0.89 3.18 0.09 0.57 0.43 21.67 9.83
Textiles 2007 2.11 0.26 0.39 0.22 0.54 0.06 0.44 0.12 1.99 0.01 0.17 0.11 9.73 1.19
2008 2.01 0.29 0.40 0.22 0.51 0.05 0.43 0.13 1.67 0.01 0.12 0.10 9.22 1.18
Clothing 2007 0.07 0.42 0.05 0.08 0.73 0.01 0.12 0.18 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.01 1.27 1.12
2008 0.08 0.51 0.05 0.09 0.64 0.01 0.12 0.18 0.06 0.08 0.00 0.01 1.19 1.17
2008 17.12 3.56 2.08 5.58 4.05 2.15 2.65 2.48 3.52 0.17 0.80 0.80 34.24 16.60
2008 0.10 0.59 0.25 0.05 0.55 0.02 0.30 0.35 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.00 1.66 1.22
instruments 2008 15.34 1.25 0.40 1.82 0.66 1.45 0.47 0.92 1.57 0.05 0.12 0.21 19.26 6.25
2008 1.69 1.72 1.43 3.72 2.83 0.68 1.88 1.20 1.85 0.12 0.67 0.58 13.32 9.14
2008 66.33 31.31 17.50 46.41 30.76 26.39 27.96 19.57 32.49 1.48 8.65 13.13 254.16 239.57

227
Table A27
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Malaysia
(Billion dollars)
South & Central

2008 2.21 1.04 0.38 1.10 4.18 0.82 0.91 0.03 2.27 0.46 2.32 0.03 15.51 9.83
Food 2007 1.19 0.82 0.19 1.07 2.57 0.69 0.45 0.00 1.46 0.29 1.01 0.02 9.32 5.65
2008 1.97 0.89 0.26 0.99 2.93 0.69 0.88 0.01 2.14 0.38 2.08 0.02 12.84 7.95
Fish 2007 0.19 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.18 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.34 0.54
2008 0.22 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.44 0.50
2008 1.75 0.88 0.26 0.98 2.84 0.67 0.87 0.01 2.13 0.37 2.08 0.02 12.40 7.45
Raw materials 2007 0.22 0.16 0.10 0.13 1.13 0.15 0.04 0.01 0.11 0.05 0.16 0.01 2.54 1.56
2008 0.24 0.15 0.12 0.11 1.25 0.14 0.04 0.02 0.13 0.08 0.23 0.01 2.66 1.88
2008 0.37 0.87 0.01 0.59 0.78 0.78 0.01 0.06 0.09 0.90 0.29 5.89 38.32 15.86
2008 0.01 0.57 0.00 0.53 0.13 0.40 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.35 0.00 0.12 0.45 0.83
Fuels 2007 0.30 0.11 0.00 0.08 0.30 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.54 0.05 4.08 24.44 8.00
2008 0.23 0.16 0.01 0.04 0.50 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.45 0.15 5.59 35.39 10.57
2008 0.13 0.14 0.00 0.03 0.15 0.28 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.10 0.14 0.17 2.48 4.46
Manufactures 2007 27.57 14.73 1.17 0.78 19.61 16.34 0.48 0.33 1.28 0.26 3.99 0.53 70.85 77.34
2008 21.78 14.17 1.16 0.57 16.19 16.88 0.75 0.60 1.51 0.32 4.86 0.63 61.52 67.82
Iron and steel 2007 0.19 0.19 0.01 0.17 0.32 0.67 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.16 0.18 0.01 2.26 4.72
2008 0.19 0.19 0.01 0.16 0.16 0.83 0.01 0.13 0.11 0.16 0.34 0.02 2.30 5.74
Chemicals 2007 0.43 1.28 0.07 0.03 0.87 1.89 0.06 0.23 0.22 0.04 0.21 0.46 8.75 8.14
2008 0.47 1.72 0.10 0.04 0.88 2.22 0.10 0.44 0.25 0.08 0.35 0.49 9.62 8.48
2008 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.33
Other chemicals 2007 0.42 1.20 0.07 0.03 0.85 1.42 0.06 0.23 0.21 0.04 0.20 0.45 8.58 7.82
2008 0.47 1.63 0.10 0.03 0.87 1.72 0.10 0.44 0.24 0.08 0.35 0.49 9.48 8.15
2008 0.53 0.63 0.09 0.02 0.99 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.23 0.01 0.58 0.01 7.21 4.78
2008 16.56 10.30 0.61 0.34 10.76 11.21 0.49 0.02 0.55 0.07 1.99 0.08 35.04 42.53
2008 13.78 6.82 0.42 0.18 7.63 5.56 0.38 0.00 0.26 0.01 0.99 0.00 24.28 21.49
2008 9.74 0.86 0.05 0.03 4.17 0.57 0.16 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.14 0.00 11.03 7.77
APPENDIX
2008 2.85 0.15 0.33 0.00 1.70 0.48 0.22 0.00 0.09 0.01 0.81 0.00 5.36 4.10
2008 1.19 5.81 0.03 0.15 1.76 4.50 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.00 7.89 9.62
2008 0.32 0.70 0.03 0.07 0.55 2.02 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.22 0.05 2.28 4.96
2008 0.10 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.15 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.71 3.33
2008 0.22 0.67 0.01 0.05 0.40 1.40 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.10 0.05 1.56 1.64
Other machinery 2007 2.81 2.92 0.14 0.07 2.66 3.40 0.06 0.00 0.21 0.02 0.69 0.02 8.28 16.13
2008 2.46 2.78 0.16 0.09 2.58 3.64 0.10 0.01 0.23 0.04 0.79 0.03 8.48 16.07
2008 0.04 0.46 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.32 1.12
2008 0.44 1.27 0.07 0.04 0.87 2.19 0.04 0.00 0.16 0.03 0.45 0.02 3.67 6.18
2008 1.99 1.05 0.09 0.03 1.65 0.94 0.06 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.32 0.01 4.49 8.77
Textiles 2007 0.07 0.04 0.06 0.00 0.32 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.10 0.00 0.86 1.04
2008 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.28 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.12 0.00 0.96 0.98
Clothing 2007 1.50 0.01 0.14 0.00 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.45 0.38
2008 1.70 0.01 0.17 0.00 1.07 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.54 0.45
2008 2.26 1.30 0.13 0.01 2.04 1.53 0.08 0.00 0.23 0.01 1.42 0.03 5.87 4.86
2008 0.81 0.06 0.05 0.00 0.62 0.17 0.04 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.99 0.55
instruments 2008 0.87 0.87 0.03 0.00 0.55 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 1.73 1.74
2008 0.58 0.37 0.06 0.00 0.86 0.47 0.04 0.00 0.10 0.00 1.14 0.02 3.15 2.57
2008 27.40 18.12 1.76 2.46 24.18 20.08 1.70 0.70 3.93 1.69 7.83 7.53 131.94 104.01
228
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Malaysia
(Billion dollars)
Singapore United States Japan EU (27) China Thailand World b
2008 1.89 0.30 2.07 0.81 1.34 0.29 3.88 0.75 5.11 0.84 0.71 2.12 27.80 13.36
Food 2007 1.40 0.27 1.13 0.64 0.71 0.04 2.33 0.62 3.05 0.85 0.37 0.87 16.20 8.55
2008 1.79 0.27 1.88 0.67 0.99 0.07 2.71 0.62 4.10 0.76 0.47 1.19 23.12 10.97
Fish 2007 0.10 0.01 0.18 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.04 0.13 0.02 0.13 0.73 0.62
2008 0.12 0.01 0.22 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.09 0.01 0.04 0.11 0.03 0.12 0.76 0.56
2008 1.68 0.26 1.67 0.67 0.92 0.06 2.61 0.61 4.06 0.65 0.43 1.08 22.36 10.41
Raw materials 2007 0.08 0.03 0.16 0.14 0.34 0.17 1.07 0.13 1.03 0.09 0.21 0.61 4.31 2.06
2008 0.10 0.03 0.18 0.13 0.35 0.22 1.17 0.13 1.01 0.08 0.24 0.93 4.68 2.39
2008 7.81 6.60 0.34 0.81 10.50 1.29 0.56 0.69 1.10 0.62 1.72 0.39 39.86 25.09
2008 0.12 0.19 0.01 0.55 0.08 0.04 0.13 0.39 0.11 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.60 2.82
Fuels 2007 4.70 4.98 0.30 0.11 5.87 0.03 0.27 0.06 0.50 0.03 1.12 0.14 25.10 12.88
2008 7.04 6.31 0.23 0.16 10.17 0.04 0.30 0.04 0.78 0.17 1.46 0.14 36.28 17.01
2008 0.65 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.25 1.20 0.13 0.26 0.21 0.37 0.24 0.18 2.98 5.25
Manufactures 2007 18.37 10.62 25.62 14.04 8.72 16.63 18.68 15.61 10.48 16.99 6.59 5.89 125.01 110.68
2008 15.13 8.42 19.65 13.35 8.48 15.60 15.30 15.91 7.90 16.61 6.14 5.79 107.83 102.07
Iron and steel 2007 0.39 0.09 0.17 0.19 0.02 1.72 0.31 0.65 0.05 0.99 0.35 0.20 3.04 5.99
2008 0.45 0.10 0.18 0.18 0.04 1.99 0.16 0.81 0.05 1.16 0.30 0.17 3.12 7.25
Chemicals 2007 0.98 1.83 0.39 1.04 0.84 1.54 0.77 1.74 1.44 1.16 0.99 0.86 10.61 12.07
2008 1.09 1.70 0.42 1.23 0.93 1.51 0.78 2.03 1.51 1.48 1.08 0.96 11.78 13.73
2008 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.44 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.17 0.93
Other chemicals 2007 0.94 1.79 0.38 0.97 0.83 1.53 0.76 1.34 1.44 1.10 0.98 0.84 10.41 11.20
2008 1.06 1.66 0.42 1.15 0.93 1.50 0.77 1.59 1.51 1.40 1.08 0.94 11.61 12.80
2008 1.73 0.62 0.44 0.60 1.53 0.95 0.87 0.91 0.98 1.01 0.41 0.57 9.66 6.49
2008 9.91 5.09 15.09 10.05 4.44 10.02 10.46 10.73 4.79 11.02 3.66 3.66 66.05 65.21
2008 6.58 2.93 12.68 6.73 3.44 3.44 7.49 5.51 3.79 6.62 2.11 1.14 47.76 34.50
2008 2.66 0.97 9.02 0.83 0.87 0.36 4.13 0.56 2.27 3.84 1.55 0.65 25.43 9.35
APPENDIX
2008 1.06 0.19 2.52 0.13 1.55 0.31 1.65 0.47 0.46 1.47 0.19 0.22 11.37 4.77
2008 2.86 1.77 1.14 5.76 1.02 2.76 1.71 4.47 1.07 1.31 0.36 0.27 10.96 20.38
2008 0.74 0.37 0.30 0.67 0.17 2.08 0.53 1.99 0.14 0.33 0.39 1.36 3.47 7.88
2008 0.10 0.01 0.09 0.02 0.08 1.63 0.13 0.61 0.05 0.09 0.16 1.12 1.15 4.00
2008 0.64 0.35 0.21 0.65 0.09 0.45 0.39 1.38 0.09 0.25 0.23 0.24 2.32 3.87
Other machinery 2007 2.47 1.89 2.41 2.75 0.94 4.71 2.49 3.13 0.87 3.99 1.14 1.08 14.86 22.55
2008 2.58 1.79 2.11 2.64 0.83 4.51 2.45 3.23 0.86 4.08 1.16 1.15 14.81 22.84
2008 0.10 0.07 0.04 0.45 0.04 0.29 0.04 0.44 0.04 0.33 0.04 0.20 0.43 2.12
2008 1.16 0.69 0.40 1.22 0.23 2.19 0.80 1.99 0.36 1.49 0.41 0.39 5.70 9.79
2008 1.33 1.04 1.67 0.98 0.56 2.03 1.61 0.80 0.46 2.25 0.71 0.56 8.68 10.93
Textiles 2007 0.09 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.10 0.07 0.15 0.07 0.10 0.34 0.04 0.10 1.47 1.18
2008 0.10 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.10 0.06 0.15 0.08 0.09 0.33 0.06 0.10 1.55 1.12
Clothing 2007 0.06 0.01 1.33 0.01 0.15 0.01 0.87 0.02 0.02 0.24 0.03 0.03 3.16 0.41
2008 0.08 0.01 1.48 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.94 0.03 0.04 0.27 0.03 0.06 3.62 0.49
2008 1.76 0.87 2.00 1.26 1.25 1.05 1.94 1.33 0.43 1.33 0.60 0.29 12.05 7.78
2008 0.23 0.01 0.69 0.05 0.25 0.04 0.59 0.15 0.04 0.26 0.02 0.04 2.92 0.78
instruments 2008 0.27 0.32 0.79 0.85 0.36 0.52 0.53 0.84 0.27 0.37 0.27 0.13 3.20 3.52
2008 1.26 0.55 0.52 0.36 0.64 0.49 0.81 0.34 0.13 0.70 0.31 0.11 5.92 3.48
2008 29.29 17.06 24.82 16.93 21.52 19.53 22.47 18.50 18.95 20.06 9.51 8.78 198.85 156.20

229
Table A28
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Singapore
(Billion dollars)
South & Central

2008 0.46 0.70 0.04 0.47 0.42 2.06 0.11 0.01 0.31 0.22 0.31 0.04 5.53 6.52
Food 2007 0.22 0.48 0.02 0.37 0.25 1.73 0.09 0.00 0.18 0.17 0.24 0.03 4.12 4.65
2008 0.37 0.62 0.03 0.46 0.26 2.01 0.10 0.00 0.29 0.21 0.28 0.04 4.88 5.66
Fish 2007 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.23 0.64
2008 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.26 0.72
2008 0.33 0.59 0.02 0.40 0.20 1.94 0.10 0.00 0.28 0.18 0.27 0.02 4.62 4.94
Raw materials 2007 0.07 0.07 0.01 0.02 0.14 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.59 0.79
2008 0.09 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.65 0.87
2008 0.62 2.79 0.17 4.07 3.06 5.46 0.01 2.60 1.03 0.43 0.85 35.90 61.01 42.67
2008 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.04 1.10 1.07
Fuels 2007 0.68 1.20 0.09 1.28 0.65 2.57 0.00 0.84 0.33 0.32 0.35 23.08 38.81 23.26
2008 0.44 2.21 0.17 3.92 2.76 5.02 0.00 2.45 0.98 0.25 0.80 35.68 57.00 37.74
2008 0.18 0.55 0.01 0.12 0.27 0.40 0.01 0.15 0.04 0.11 0.04 0.18 2.92 3.87
Manufactures 2007 28.19 30.96 1.78 0.57 26.79 30.13 0.46 0.28 1.84 0.56 5.23 1.65 162.43 123.86
2008 26.19 35.37 2.47 0.76 26.83 34.72 0.41 0.44 2.44 0.55 5.88 2.12 172.57 130.88
Iron and steel 2007 0.07 0.19 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.77 0.01 0.22 0.07 0.05 0.29 0.02 2.80 4.16
2008 0.03 0.25 0.01 0.06 0.06 1.25 0.00 0.36 0.10 0.02 0.32 0.02 3.68 5.80
Chemicals 2007 5.22 3.66 0.13 0.05 7.77 4.55 0.01 0.01 0.22 0.08 0.41 0.84 19.88 6.55
2008 3.29 3.80 0.48 0.07 5.82 4.91 0.02 0.01 0.23 0.09 0.51 1.17 21.52 6.63
2008 1.91 0.27 0.02 0.00 1.83 1.19 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 1.19 0.44
Other chemicals 2007 1.91 3.42 0.10 0.05 5.92 3.44 0.01 0.01 0.21 0.07 0.39 0.84 18.81 6.16
2008 1.38 3.53 0.46 0.06 4.00 3.72 0.02 0.01 0.23 0.08 0.49 1.17 20.34 6.19
2008 0.22 0.87 0.03 0.08 0.61 1.90 0.01 0.05 0.11 0.06 0.40 0.15 5.60 6.89
2008 20.06 26.93 1.76 0.51 18.06 21.86 0.34 0.02 1.81 0.34 3.49 0.57 126.19 98.37
2008 15.84 9.75 0.83 0.29 14.34 6.78 0.14 0.00 0.53 0.25 1.42 0.32 87.90 69.92
2008 6.22 2.84 0.05 0.02 5.23 1.25 0.04 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.36 0.10 20.86 16.49
APPENDIX
2008 1.88 1.11 0.60 0.02 1.17 0.76 0.08 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.80 0.08 10.76 12.54
2008 7.74 5.80 0.17 0.26 7.94 4.77 0.02 0.00 0.15 0.24 0.25 0.14 56.29 40.89
2008 1.80 7.34 0.66 0.04 1.47 5.37 0.09 0.00 0.65 0.05 0.49 0.08 7.76 7.86
2008 0.14 0.38 0.16 0.02 0.07 1.58 0.09 0.00 0.15 0.05 0.18 0.02 2.61 2.93
2008 1.66 6.96 0.50 0.02 1.40 3.79 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.01 0.31 0.05 5.15 4.93
Other machinery 2007 2.28 8.50 0.31 0.12 2.15 8.36 0.11 0.01 0.48 0.02 1.42 0.20 27.50 18.10
2008 2.42 9.83 0.27 0.17 2.25 9.72 0.12 0.01 0.63 0.04 1.58 0.18 30.52 20.59
2008 0.32 2.48 0.02 0.07 0.40 1.30 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.17 0.01 2.89 1.47
2008 1.08 5.76 0.17 0.08 0.85 6.38 0.08 0.01 0.49 0.03 1.13 0.09 15.13 9.92
2008 1.02 1.59 0.08 0.03 1.00 2.04 0.03 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.27 0.09 12.50 9.20
Textiles 2007 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.90 0.95
2008 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.83 0.99
Clothing 2007 0.74 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.48 0.27 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.45 2.10
2008 0.68 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.22 0.31 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.53 1.85
2008 1.92 3.41 0.10 0.04 2.03 4.36 0.02 0.00 0.15 0.02 1.13 0.20 14.23 10.36
2008 0.02 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.59 1.12
instruments 2008 1.01 1.96 0.04 0.03 0.70 1.42 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.10 0.08 3.70 2.13
2008 0.88 1.38 0.06 0.01 1.26 2.42 0.02 0.00 0.10 0.01 1.01 0.12 9.93 7.11
2008 27.81 39.73 10.38 5.40 36.80 44.50 0.67 3.14 6.53 1.23 7.41 38.29 248.04 187.38
230
Merchandise trade by product, region and major trading partner, 2007-2008 - Singapore
(Billion dollars)
Malaysia EU (27) China United States Indonesia Japan World b
2008 0.82 2.13 0.38 1.89 0.75 0.64 0.39 0.62 0.56 0.96 0.81 0.21 7.18 10.02
Food 2007 0.59 1.47 0.22 1.62 0.42 0.49 0.19 0.41 0.48 0.60 0.68 0.14 5.12 7.43
2008 0.74 1.84 0.22 1.85 0.54 0.58 0.32 0.54 0.45 0.69 0.78 0.16 6.21 8.99
Fish 2007 0.07 0.12 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.12 0.03 0.04 0.37 0.80
2008 0.07 0.13 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.13 0.02 0.04 0.39 0.90
2008 0.67 1.71 0.17 1.82 0.53 0.53 0.28 0.53 0.42 0.56 0.76 0.12 5.82 8.09
Raw materials 2007 0.08 0.27 0.14 0.03 0.17 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.26 0.03 0.04 0.87 0.93
2008 0.08 0.29 0.16 0.04 0.21 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.26 0.03 0.05 0.97 1.03
2008 10.10 9.52 3.01 4.67 4.64 2.10 0.50 2.46 10.54 4.37 1.87 3.82 67.10 94.01
2008 0.22 0.27 0.02 0.03 0.26 0.08 0.00 0.03 0.12 0.19 0.17 0.04 1.15 1.29
Fuels 2007 6.39 5.36 0.64 2.18 2.49 2.29 0.54 1.12 6.96 2.31 1.04 0.77 41.33 52.62
2008 9.28 8.54 2.73 4.25 3.98 1.60 0.36 1.95 10.16 3.35 1.45 3.32 62.48 87.34
2008 0.61 0.71 0.26 0.38 0.39 0.41 0.13 0.47 0.26 0.83 0.26 0.47 3.47 5.38
Manufactures 2007 29.96 25.91 25.70 27.23 24.71 28.07 25.37 29.67 20.63 8.10 11.60 19.29 227.10 188.03
2008 29.13 25.78 25.84 31.13 25.08 30.84 22.99 33.97 23.75 8.09 13.07 21.01 236.85 204.84
Iron and steel 2007 0.79 0.28 0.04 0.73 0.08 1.42 0.07 0.18 1.07 0.28 0.01 1.25 3.28 5.47
2008 1.00 0.41 0.05 0.97 0.11 2.22 0.03 0.24 1.59 0.33 0.02 1.49 4.21 7.76
Chemicals 2007 2.97 1.00 7.69 4.07 3.53 0.96 3.94 3.56 2.87 0.56 1.13 1.78 33.65 15.74
2008 3.20 1.03 5.76 4.41 3.54 1.27 2.20 3.67 3.12 0.42 1.32 1.52 31.89 16.68
2008 0.10 0.04 1.83 1.06 0.02 0.15 1.03 0.23 0.13 0.01 0.14 0.04 4.97 1.91
Other chemicals 2007 2.83 0.97 5.84 3.11 3.46 0.83 1.36 3.35 2.77 0.54 1.02 1.75 27.37 14.00
2008 3.10 0.99 3.94 3.35 3.51 1.12 1.16 3.43 2.99 0.41 1.18 1.48 26.92 14.77
2008 1.42 1.60 0.55 1.80 0.49 1.45 0.20 0.82 1.18 0.63 0.24 1.19 6.97 10.00
2008 21.23 19.84 17.59 20.63 19.03 22.19 18.16 25.88 15.55 5.43 9.48 14.75 171.71 148.60
2008 13.99 16.70 14.09 6.63 14.78 15.84 14.69 9.22 6.54 2.68 7.64 6.44 120.99 87.31
2008 3.40 3.92 5.19 1.23 3.19 6.31 5.92 2.65 2.23 1.59 1.81 1.59 32.86 20.71
APPENDIX
2008 2.26 2.23 1.10 0.71 0.58 5.51 1.70 0.94 3.05 0.74 0.89 1.15 15.58 14.51
2008 8.33 10.55 7.79 4.69 11.00 4.02 7.06 5.63 1.26 0.35 4.94 3.70 72.56 52.09
2008 0.81 0.55 1.44 5.29 1.04 1.25 1.30 7.20 1.61 0.25 0.52 2.60 12.92 20.74
2008 0.32 0.13 0.06 1.56 0.16 0.12 0.14 0.35 0.67 0.07 0.05 1.86 3.40 4.98
2008 0.49 0.41 1.38 3.73 0.89 1.13 1.16 6.84 0.94 0.19 0.47 0.74 9.53 15.76
Other machinery 2007 6.12 2.47 2.02 7.55 2.90 4.17 2.08 8.11 6.39 2.40 1.17 5.05 34.25 35.30
2008 6.44 2.59 2.06 8.71 3.21 5.10 2.18 9.46 7.41 2.49 1.32 5.71 37.79 40.55
2008 0.66 0.08 0.38 1.26 0.19 0.39 0.31 2.40 0.69 0.35 0.13 0.23 3.85 5.33
2008 2.71 1.15 0.72 5.60 1.61 2.03 0.95 5.58 4.28 0.66 0.55 3.74 18.94 22.27
2008 3.07 1.36 0.97 1.85 1.41 2.67 0.92 1.48 2.44 1.49 0.64 1.73 14.99 12.95
Textiles 2007 0.19 0.15 0.02 0.11 0.05 0.35 0.00 0.08 0.30 0.06 0.00 0.07 0.97 1.17
2008 0.18 0.21 0.02 0.11 0.04 0.34 0.00 0.07 0.30 0.05 0.01 0.09 0.88 1.19
Clothing 2007 0.11 0.41 0.46 0.25 0.00 0.73 0.69 0.04 0.22 0.31 0.01 0.01 1.78 2.43
2008 0.15 0.38 0.18 0.29 0.01 0.67 0.60 0.04 0.24 0.24 0.01 0.02 1.56 2.22
2008 1.93 2.31 1.68 2.93 1.87 2.71 1.80 3.26 1.77 0.98 2.00 1.96 19.63 18.39
2008 0.12 0.25 0.07 0.50 0.01 0.54 0.02 0.06 0.17 0.09 0.02 0.04 0.78 1.71
instruments 2008 0.53 0.27 0.59 1.26 0.48 0.46 0.95 1.88 0.48 0.18 0.44 0.64 5.59 5.63
2008 1.28 1.79 1.02 1.17 1.38 1.71 0.83 1.32 1.11 0.71 1.54 1.28 13.26 11.05
2008 40.88 38.17 35.06 39.42 31.08 33.75 24.17 37.89 35.68 17.61 16.66 25.94 338.18 319.78

231
Table A29
Total merchandise trade of NAFTA by products and by origin/destination, 2000 and 2006-2008
(Million dollars)
Destination World NAFTA Other origin/destination
2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2006 2007 2008
Exports
Food 80.15 109.83 134.30 169.02 32.52 51.94 58.64 68.98 47.63 57.88 75.67 100.04
Fish 6.49 8.56 8.73 8.71 3.34 3.63 3.76 3.87 3.15 4.92 4.96 4.83
Raw materials 35.15 41.59 43.72 43.17 16.24 17.05 16.24 14.86 18.90 24.53 27.49 28.31
Fuels 65.73 151.24 172.52 253.39 54.86 121.00 136.59 187.60 10.87 30.23 35.93 65.79
Manufactures 963.17 1223.33 1325.74 1389.90 533.88 648.46 671.11 669.47 429.29 574.88 654.63 720.43
Iron and steel 11.27 23.18 26.96 35.53 8.87 17.48 18.91 23.81 2.40 5.70 8.05 11.72
Chemicals 102.73 174.09 199.78 228.97 39.91 68.55 72.54 79.92 62.82 105.54 127.24 149.05
Other chemicals 87.50 138.81 158.51 182.97 36.20 60.17 63.13 70.76 51.30 78.64 95.39 112.21
Other machinery 190.61 232.17 254.15 274.02 99.36 120.96 124.73 129.69 91.25 111.21 129.42 144.33
Textiles 15.73 17.24 16.96 16.48 10.79 10.48 9.96 9.17 4.94 6.76 7.00 7.32
Clothing 19.34 13.01 11.04 10.65 13.46 10.02 8.43 8.08 5.88 2.99 2.61 2.57
APPENDIX
Total merchandise exports 1224.92 1664.02 1840.26 2035.64 680.44 900.99 950.04 1013.22 544.48 763.03 890.21 1022.42
Imports
Food 72.13 116.53 130.71 144.95 31.78 51.57 59.31 68.43 40.35 64.95 71.40 76.52
Fish 11.88 16.17 16.82 17.36 3.14 3.43 3.55 3.65 8.74 12.74 13.27 13.72
Raw materials 23.75 31.02 29.92 29.10 16.02 16.55 15.77 14.12 7.73 14.46 14.15 14.98
Fuels 157.75 392.95 428.79 584.20 52.38 127.21 136.98 191.06 105.37 265.75 291.82 393.15
Manufactures 1325.31 1852.08 1936.10 1975.59 525.31 606.80 630.57 616.84 800.00 1245.28 1305.53 1358.75
Iron and steel 28.64 58.95 57.30 72.78 9.34 17.70 19.36 24.41 19.30 41.25 37.94 48.37
Chemicals 111.67 212.22 230.82 258.36 40.86 69.65 74.48 80.13 70.81 142.57 156.33 178.23
Other chemicals 91.55 152.79 162.29 182.67 37.19 61.33 64.75 70.54 54.35 91.46 97.54 112.13
Other machinery 220.42 310.12 333.13 348.38 94.68 113.31 119.87 121.33 125.75 196.81 213.26 227.06
Textiles 26.13 34.20 34.54 33.18 11.13 10.73 10.31 9.13 15.00 23.47 24.23 24.05
Clothing 74.54 92.59 95.22 93.58 14.51 8.66 7.31 6.50 60.03 83.93 87.91 87.08
Total merchandise imports 1686.79 2544.93 2705.52 2910.95 670.81 866.87 917.76 967.69 1015.98 1678.06 1787.76 1943.26
232
Table A30
Total merchandise trade of MERCOSUR by products and by origin/destination, 2000 and 2006-2008
(Million dollars)
Destination World MERCOSUR Other origin/destination
2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2006 2007 2008
Exports
Food 25.93 58.72 74.85 98.49 3.75 3.77 5.09 6.90 22.18 54.95 69.76 91.58
Fish 1.18 1.74 1.57 1.75 0.10 0.13 0.19 0.19 1.08 1.61 1.38 1.55
Raw materials 3.47 6.30 7.49 8.55 0.33 0.39 0.44 0.46 3.14 5.91 7.04 8.09
Fuels 5.59 17.83 19.58 25.60 1.96 2.42 3.04 3.57 3.63 15.42 16.54 22.02
Manufactures 41.30 84.65 93.87 109.87 11.22 18.20 22.41 29.23 30.08 66.46 71.46 80.64
Iron and steel 4.50 11.16 12.03 15.90 0.39 0.84 1.12 1.84 4.11 10.32 10.91 14.06
Chemicals 5.64 13.35 15.19 18.91 2.20 4.00 4.72 5.70 3.44 9.35 10.47 13.22
Other chemicals 5.03 12.12 13.73 17.05 1.93 3.69 4.37 5.29 3.11 8.43 9.36 11.76
Other machinery 4.67 11.72 13.64 15.84 1.24 2.03 2.68 3.36 3.43 9.69 10.96 12.49
Textiles 1.24 1.67 1.77 1.73 0.55 0.65 0.71 0.75 0.68 1.02 1.06 0.98
Clothing 0.46 0.51 0.49 0.47 0.19 0.13 0.15 0.18 0.27 0.38 0.34 0.29
APPENDIX
Imports
Food 5.92 5.92 8.48 11.97 3.77 3.64 5.33 7.41 2.15 2.29 3.15 4.56
Fish 0.41 0.57 0.74 0.87 0.11 0.14 0.19 0.21 0.31 0.43 0.54 0.66
Raw materials 1.64 2.15 2.56 3.10 0.37 0.40 0.45 0.49 1.27 1.75 2.10 2.61
Fuels 10.52 21.65 28.30 44.44 2.23 2.42 3.59 4.49 8.29 19.23 24.70 39.95
Manufactures 69.17 104.39 128.25 187.62 11.35 18.59 23.42 30.40 57.83 85.80 104.83 157.23
Iron and steel 1.21 3.08 4.29 7.17 0.39 0.89 1.21 1.89 0.82 2.19 3.08 5.28
Chemicals 16.15 25.25 34.56 49.22 2.24 4.15 4.99 6.03 13.91 21.10 29.57 43.19
Other chemicals 13.32 21.00 29.05 42.42 1.98 3.89 4.70 5.68 11.34 17.10 24.35 36.74
Other machinery 15.11 21.56 28.52 39.25 1.20 2.06 2.78 3.60 13.91 19.51 25.75 35.65
Textiles 1.89 2.68 3.50 4.52 0.55 0.67 0.73 0.80 1.34 2.02 2.77 3.72
Clothing 0.60 0.78 1.08 1.59 0.19 0.13 0.15 0.19 0.42 0.65 0.92 1.40
233
Table A31
Total merchandise trade of Andean Community by products and by origin/destination, 2000 and 2006-2008
(Million dollars)
Destination World Adean Community Other origin/destination
2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2006 2007 2008
Exports
Food 6.34 11.45 12.95 15.88 0.47 0.85 0.91 1.09 5.87 10.60 12.05 14.79
Fish 0.90 1.89 2.00 2.53 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.85 1.80 1.92 2.41
Raw materials 1.02 1.97 2.20 2.41 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.99 1.91 2.16 2.37
Fuels 8.68 20.71 23.63 35.10 0.40 1.25 1.59 1.77 8.29 19.46 22.04 33.33
Manufactures 6.09 12.97 16.64 17.95 1.01 2.59 2.90 3.64 5.09 10.38 13.74 14.31
Iron and steel 0.36 1.50 2.05 1.43 0.03 0.11 0.11 0.18 0.33 1.40 1.94 1.25
Chemicals 1.58 2.72 3.28 4.08 0.38 0.81 0.98 1.20 1.20 1.91 2.30 2.88
Other chemicals 1.32 2.37 2.93 3.66 0.30 0.69 0.86 1.06 1.02 1.68 2.06 2.60
Other machinery 0.36 0.84 1.17 1.53 0.07 0.19 0.26 0.32 0.29 0.64 0.92 1.21
Textiles 0.45 0.66 0.96 1.36 0.11 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.33 0.46 0.75 1.13
Clothing 1.06 2.24 2.82 2.92 0.03 0.09 0.11 0.14 1.03 2.15 2.71 2.79
APPENDIX
Imports
Food 2.82 4.96 6.65 9.08 0.52 0.85 0.97 1.33 2.30 4.11 5.68 7.76
Fish 0.08 0.17 0.25 0.52 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.03 0.08 0.13 0.36
Raw materials 0.61 0.82 0.97 1.19 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.57 0.77 0.92 1.14
Fuels 1.77 6.49 7.83 11.38 0.42 1.61 1.83 2.06 1.35 4.87 6.01 9.33
Manufactures 18.53 42.51 52.84 69.50 1.19 3.27 3.87 4.76 17.34 39.25 48.97 64.75
Iron and steel 0.97 2.96 3.93 6.37 0.04 0.11 0.11 0.17 0.93 2.85 3.82 6.20
Chemicals 4.94 9.91 11.77 15.29 0.40 0.88 1.07 1.35 4.55 9.03 10.70 13.94
Other chemicals 4.06 8.22 9.78 12.81 0.31 0.74 0.92 1.17 3.75 7.48 8.86 11.64
Other machinery 3.49 7.62 10.04 13.65 0.08 0.21 0.27 0.35 3.41 7.42 9.77 13.30
Textiles 0.88 1.47 1.75 1.98 0.12 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.77 1.27 1.53 1.71
Clothing 0.19 0.46 0.65 0.84 0.02 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.16 0.37 0.53 0.69
234
Table A32
Total merchandise trade of ASEAN by products and by origin/destination, 2000 and 2006-2008
(Million dollars)
Destination World ASEAN Other origin/destination
2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2006 2007 2008 2000 2006 2007 2008
Exports
Food 30.13 53.28 69.57 94.01 5.78 10.22 13.61 18.16 24.34 43.06 55.96 75.85
Fish 8.82 12.15 13.09 15.60 0.73 0.84 1.00 1.17 8.09 11.31 12.09 14.44
Raw materials 8.88 21.62 23.67 26.87 1.20 2.92 3.28 3.52 7.68 18.70 20.39 23.35
Fuels 46.00 112.20 125.88 181.04 11.14 37.11 42.84 59.91 34.86 75.09 83.05 121.13
Manufactures 328.96 540.76 593.43 629.96 76.86 131.78 146.40 158.14 252.10 408.98 447.04 471.82
Iron and steel 2.67 9.13 12.52 13.49 1.02 4.22 6.15 7.11 1.65 4.91 6.36 6.38
Chemicals 21.24 56.80 68.18 70.81 6.63 16.11 18.99 21.85 14.61 40.69 49.19 48.95
Other chemicals 19.93 50.99 60.92 63.87 6.26 15.43 18.14 20.93 13.66 35.56 42.78 42.94
Other machinery 39.11 72.42 81.97 88.93 14.42 25.53 29.84 32.28 24.69 46.90 52.14 56.65
Textiles 8.49 10.25 11.00 11.31 1.77 2.31 2.53 2.77 6.71 7.94 8.47 8.54
Clothing 19.10 26.33 27.95 30.57 0.62 0.83 0.88 1.01 18.48 25.51 27.07 29.56
APPENDIX
Imports
Food 17.85 30.97 38.86 51.30 4.46 9.17 11.95 15.94 13.40 21.81 26.91 35.36
Fish 1.72 3.18 3.47 4.51 0.57 1.07 1.18 1.38 1.15 2.10 2.30 3.14
Raw materials 6.73 9.37 10.52 13.56 1.49 2.91 3.15 3.88 5.24 6.46 7.37 9.69
Fuels 40.20 117.52 131.91 198.65 11.19 40.93 45.59 64.70 29.01 76.60 86.32 133.95
Manufactures 300.33 489.94 548.28 615.79 66.59 110.57 121.64 130.52 233.74 379.37 426.64 485.27
Iron and steel 10.26 26.76 37.37 46.15 0.71 2.60 3.88 4.45 9.54 24.16 33.49 41.70
Chemicals 32.32 59.27 67.82 81.90 6.40 14.46 16.61 18.00 25.92 44.81 51.21 63.91
Other chemicals 29.71 53.95 61.70 74.87 6.13 14.01 16.08 17.37 23.58 39.94 45.62 57.50
Other machinery 63.63 96.49 108.38 126.53 11.05 18.18 19.80 22.20 52.58 78.31 88.58 104.33
Textiles 9.87 14.62 16.32 18.22 1.24 1.79 1.94 2.14 8.63 12.82 14.39 16.07
Clothing 2.90 3.91 4.02 4.16 1.18 1.18 1.15 1.10 1.72 2.73 2.87 3.06
235
Table A33
Export prices of primary commodities, 1998-2009
(Indices 2005=100)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2008 2009
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
Food and beverages 93 81 80 81 83 87 98 100 110 127 157 163 173 166 125 128 140
Food 90 79 81 82 84 88 100 100 111 127 157 164 175 166 124 126 139
Cereals 93 81 78 82 94 95 102 100 122 159 222 238 257 230 163 165 171
Wheat 83 74 75 83 97 96 103 100 126 167 214 270 227 208 150 152 163
Maize 103 92 90 91 101 107 114 100 124 166 227 224 263 249 171 170 179
Rice 106 87 71 60 67 69 85 100 106 116 243 179 331 262 201 217 200
Barley 89 80 81 99 115 110 104 100 123 181 211 228 251 228 136 122 136
Vegetable oils and protein meals 95 75 72 70 82 96 111 100 103 143 193 210 221 203 137 138 165
Meat 72 72 79 85 80 82 100 100 95 99 103 96 106 114 97 96 99
Beef 66 70 74 81 80 76 96 100 97 99 102 100 100 112 96 94 100
Lamb 72 72 70 81 91 99 103 100 96 101 106 106 115 110 93 84 90
Swine meat 67 66 88 91 70 79 105 100 94 94 96 79 105 114 84 84 86
Poultry 85 81 80 86 85 90 102 100 94 106 115 107 113 120 118 117 118
Seafood 111 109 112 99 85 84 88 100 121 113 113 116 120 121 97 104 121
Fish 92 88 90 71 72 74 82 100 125 112 119 121 128 131 97 104 129
Shrimp 167 172 180 181 124 117 105 100 105 116 91 95 90 81 96 104 87
Sugar 90 71 81 82 70 77 83 100 133 102 117 120 114 126 107 113 131
Bananas 85 65 73 101 91 65 91 100 118 117 146 144 158 135 148 153 150
Oranges 53 52 43 71 67 81 101 100 98 114 132 131 157 138 100 95 103
Beverages 117 92 78 66 76 80 83 100 108 123 152 153 159 164 132 141 145
Coffee 124 97 76 54 54 59 70 100 112 129 150 161 155 157 127 127 131
Cocoa beans 109 73 59 70 115 114 100 100 103 127 167 159 180 182 145 168 168
Tea 110 107 115 92 83 90 92 100 112 98 125 114 125 143 116 122 131
Agricultural raw materials 88 89 93 88 90 93 98 100 109 114 113 116 118 118 100 87 87
Timber 82 92 90 83 82 86 96 100 108 107 109 106 108 110 111 109 105
Cotton 119 96 107 87 84 115 112 100 105 115 129 138 137 138 104 99 109
Wool 73 73 83 78 101 113 105 100 104 144 138 163 154 139 95 88 108
Rubber 48 42 46 40 51 72 87 100 140 153 174 184 203 201 109 98 110
Hides and skins 117 110 122 129 123 104 102 100 105 110 98 100 103 104 84 52 49
Minerals and non-ferrous metals (excluding
crude petroleum) 53 53 59 53 52 58 79 100 156 183 169 190 192 176 117 96 111
APPENDIX
Copper 45 43 49 43 42 48 78 100 183 194 189 213 230 209 106 94 127
Aluminum 71 72 82 76 71 75 90 100 135 139 136 145 155 147 96 72 79
Iron ore 48 42 44 46 45 49 58 100 119 130 216 216 216 216 216 156 156
Tin 75 73 74 61 55 66 115 100 119 196 250 241 305 276 178 150 184
Nickel 31 41 58 40 46 65 94 100 163 251 143 196 174 129 74 72 88
Zinc 74 78 82 64 56 60 76 100 237 235 137 177 154 129 87 86 107
Lead 54 52 47 49 46 53 91 100 132 265 215 299 236 196 128 119 154
Uranium 37 36 30 31 35 40 65 100 171 355 230 283 227 226 183 169 169
Total of above 76 71 74 71 72 76 91 100 123 140 151 161 167 159 117 110 120
Energy 26 34 54 47 47 55 72 100 119 132 185 178 224 219 117 93 111
Natural gas 34 34 60 60 48 63 70 100 115 117 174 147 175 191 182 146 104
Crude petroleum 25 34 53 46 47 54 71 100 121 133 182 179 227 216 105 83 111
Coal 58 51 53 65 54 57 113 100 104 138 266 239 287 342 196 151 138
All primary commodities 41 45 59 54 54 61 77 100 121 135 172 172 203 197 117 99 115
Note: The indices are period averages based on dollar prices. The quarterly figures are not seasonally adjusted. For sources and methods, see the Metadata.
236
Table A34
Export prices of Germany, Japan and the United States by commodity group, 1998-2008
(Indices 2000=100)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Total Merchandise
Germany 117 111 100 98 103 123 136 138 142 157 171
Japan 96 99 100 91 88 91 96 96 94 95 101
United States 100 98 100 99 98 100 104 107 111 116 123
Agricultural Products
Germany 119 111 100 99 105 124 136 137 144 168 187
United States 101 98 100 99 99 107 117 117 122 142 168
Fuels and mining products
Germany 95 90 100 98 98 117 143 163 205 235 271
United States 78 80 100 96 92 103 130 168 205 219 255
Manufactures
Germany 118 113 100 98 103 123 136 137 138 152 165
Japan 96 99 100 91 87 91 95 95 91 92 98
United States 100 100 100 100 99 99 101 103 106 109 113
Iron and steel
Germany 118 104 100 96 99 123 155 177 185 223 255
Japan 101 97 100 90 95 107 139 165 165 187 232
United States 103 98 100 97 101 106 148 160 ... ... ...
Chemicals
Germany 116 110 100 98 103 123 136 141 147 164 185
Japan 87 88 100 90 87 97 114 123 126 134 146
United States 98 97 100 96 95 100 108 118 124 130 141
Machinery and transport equipment
Germany 118 114 100 98 103 123 134 132 132 143 153
Japan 98 101 100 91 87 89 91 89 84 83 86
United States 101 100 100 100 99 98 98 98 98 99 100
Germany 124 117 100 95 98 112 116 104 97 94 92
Japan 100 103 100 86 77 71 69 63 57 53 52
United States 110 104 100 96 91 87 84 80 76 73 70
Automotive products
APPENDIX
Germany 116 113 100 98 104 124 136 137 140 153 165
Japan 104 104 100 95 97 109 114 113 112 113 116
United States 98 99 100 100 101 101 102 103 104 105 106
Textiles
Germany 121 114 100 98 104 125 137 138 141 156 170
Japan 88 95 100 94 91 94 103 106 105 107 116
United States 104 101 100 98 100 102 105 110 ... ... ...
Clothing
Germany 120 115 100 97 104 125 138 138 140 153 165
United States 107 104 100 98 98 97 97 97 ... ... ...
Memorandum item:
World, unit value indices
Total merchandise 99 98 100 96 97 108 120 128 136 148 168
Agricultural products 108 103 100 99 101 114 126 129 135 154 178
Fuels and mining products 61 71 100 91 90 106 134 179 221 246 325
Manufactures 105 103 100 97 98 107 116 119 122 130 140
Note: For sources and product group definitions, see the Metadata.
237
Table A35
Import prices of Germany, Japan and the United States by commodity group, 1998-2008
(Indices 2000=100)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Total merchandise
Germany 109 104 100 98 101 118 131 137 144 158 177
Japan 87 90 100 91 87 93 103 114 124 131 163
United States 93 94 100 96 94 97 102 110 115 120 134
Agricultural Products
Germany 120 109 100 98 103 122 133 136 141 164 186
Japan 97 101 100 93 93 101 113 113 117 134 159
United States 102 100 100 97 97 101 110 116 117 123 135
Fuels and mining products
Germany 66 71 100 96 93 111 139 181 230 257 330
Japan 66 72 100 94 89 102 124 164 204 223 320
United States 52 64 100 86 85 103 131 177 210 232 305
Manufactures
Germany 118 111 100 98 102 118 129 128 129 140 150
Japan 97 100 100 88 84 86 90 89 88 89 97
United States 102 100 100 99 97 97 98 100 100 102 107
Iron and steel
Germany 118 103 100 94 99 125 167 191 195 247 282
Japan 97 93 100 79 80 101 140 155 152 193 284
United States 99 93 100 94 96 101 141 158 163 191 256
Chemicals
Germany 113 106 100 99 101 120 134 141 149 169 190
Japan 89 92 100 93 90 102 114 121 126 133 158
United States 98 97 100 100 98 100 105 113 118 126 139
Machinery and transport equipment
Germany 120 113 100 97 101 116 124 118 115 121 125
Japan 100 102 100 86 80 79 80 77 74 73 77
United States 103 101 100 98 97 96 95 95 94 95 96
Germany 124 114 100 95 97 104 105 92 83 77 72
Japan 104 104 100 78 68 64 63 57 52 50 50
United States 111 104 100 95 91 86 81 77 74 72 69
APPENDIX
Automotive products
Germany 119 114 100 98 104 124 138 139 141 154 168
Japan 93 99 100 91 89 99 108 106 103 102 113
United States 99 100 100 100 100 101 103 104 104 105 108
Textiles
Germany 119 114 100 99 104 125 135 136 138 151 163
United States 102 100 100 98 98 101 104 104 ... ... ...
Clothing
Germany 117 112 100 98 104 120 130 129 131 142 152
Japan 96 102 100 92 89 92 96 96 94 94 104
United States 102 101 100 100 100 101 101 101 101 102 103
Note : For sources and product group definitions, see the Metadata.
238
Map 1
Composition of geographical regions

World maps
North America
South/Central America
Europe
C.I.S.
Africa
Middle East
Asia
239
WORLD MAPS
WORLD MAPS
240
Map 2
WTO Members and Observers
(August 2009)
Members
Observers
Others
Map 3
Ratio of exports and imports of goods and commercial services to GDP, 2007
(Percentage based on current dollar values)
0 - 30
30 - 60
60 - 100
≥ 100
Data not available

241
WORLD MAPS
WORLD MAPS
242
Map 4
Exports of goods and commercial services per capita, 2007
(Current dollars)
0 - 250
250 - 1000
1000 - 5000
≥ 5000
Data not available

Notes
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243
120
120
2009
International

International Trade Statistics 2009 offers a comprehensive overview of the latest developments
in world trade, covering the details of merchandise trade by product and trade in commercial
Trade
services by category.
Each chapter is introduced by a highlights section that identifies the most salient trends in the
data and illustrates them with numerous charts and maps. There is also a methodological chapter
that explains essential concepts and definitions used in compiling the statistics, and an appendix
with detailed data on trade by region. Statistics 120000
2009
International Trade Statistics 2009 serves as an invaluable reference for researchers, policy
100000
makers and anyone interested in international trade.
80000
60000
40000
350.
50
0 00
20000
0
300.
3 0.00
0
60
0
60 2 0 00
250.
2 000
200.
International Trade Statistics 2009

40 150.
50 00
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International Trade Statistics 2009

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This publication is also available online at http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/its2009_e/its09_toc_e.htm

4. Bilateral trade of leading traders 16

5. Regional Trade Agreements 23

7. Foreign affiliates trade in services 31

II. MERCHANDISE TRADE BY PRODUCT

3. Fuels and mining products 57

4.1 Iron and steel 69

4.3 Office and telecom equipment 75

4.3.1 EDP equipment 81

4.3.2 Telecommunications equipment 86

4.3.3 Integrated circuits and electronic components 91

4.4 Automotive products 96

4.5 Textiles 102

4.6 Clothing 109

III. TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES

2. Transportation services 122

4. Other commercial services 132

4.1 Communications services 137

4.1.1 Telecommunications services 138

4.2 Construction 139

4.3 Insurance services 141

4.5.1 Computer services 147

4.6 Royalties and licence fees 148

4.7 Other business services 150

4.8 Personal, cultural and recreational services 153

4.8.1 Audiovisual services 155

1. Composition of geographical and economic groupings 157

2. Definitions and methodology 161

2.1 Merchandise trade 161

2.1.1 Exports and imports 161

2.1.2 Products 161

2.1.3 World trade network 163

2.2 Trade in commercial services 164

2.2.2 Foreign affiliates trade in services statistics 167

2.3 Other definitions and methods 167

2.3.1 Annual changes 167

2.3.2 Prices 167

2.3.3 World merchandise trade indices 167

2.3.4 World production 168

2.3.5 World gross domestic product 168

2.3.6 Re-exports and re-imports 168

3. Specific notes for selected economies 169

3.1 Merchandise trade statistics of the European Union 169

3.3 Major breaks in data continuity of merchandise trade 169

3.4 Trade in services of the United States 169

3.6 Trade in other commercial services of India 170

3.7 Trade in commercial services of United Arab Emirates 170

3.8 Trade in commercial services of Nigeria 170

3.9 Trade in commercial services of South Africa 170

3.10 Trade in other commercial services of Bahrain 171

3.11 Trade in other commercial services of Oman 171

4. Statistical sources 172

World maps 239

4. Bilateral trade of leading traders

Table I.12 Merchandise trade of Canada by origin and destination, 2008 16

5. Regional Trade Agreements

ISBN 978 - 92 - 870 - 3697- 1

Merchandise trade and GDP The Highlights

Trade and GDP

Regional merchandise trade flows

Leading merchandise traders

The crisis and least-developed countries (LDCs)

Trade in commercial services