CHAPTER ONE

COMPUTER electronic device, operating under the control of

instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data,
process the data according to specified rules, produce results and
store the results for future use.
COMPUTER LITERACY digital literacy, involves having a
current knowledge and understanding of computers.
DATA collection of unprocessed items.
INFORMATION conveys meaning and is useful to people.
INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE the series of input,
process, output and storage activities.
INPUT DEVICES allows you to enter data and instructions into
a computer.
Keyboard contains keys you press to enter data
Mouse small handheld device, controls movement,
pointer small symbol on screen
Microphone allows user to speak into the computer
Scanner converts printed materials into a form that
comp can use
Webcam allows users to create video or take pictures
OUTPUT DEVICES conveys information to people.
Printer produces text on a physical medium such as
paper
Monitor displays text, graphics
Speakers to hear music
SYSTEM UNIT case that contains electronic components that
are used to process data.
CPU (central processing unit) A processor that interprets and
carries out the basic instructions to operate a computer.
STORAGE MEDIA USB flash drives, hard disks, optical disk
STORAGE DEVICE records and receives items to and from
the storage media
COMMUNICATION DEVICES enables comps to send and
receive data
ADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTERS
Speed
Reliability
Consistency
Storage
Communications
DISADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTERS
Violation of Privacy
Public safety
Impact on labor force
Health risk
Impact on environment
NETWORK collection of computers connected together
ONLINE when a comp is connected to a network
INTERNET worldwide collection of network

SOFTWARE/PROGRAM series of related instruction that tells

the computer what task to perform

GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE interact with the software

SYSTEM SOFTWARE consists of the programs that control or
maintain the operation of computers
OPERATING SYSTEM set of prog that coordinates all the
activities among all computers
UTILITY PROGRAM perform maintenance-type task
APPLICATION SOFTAWARE designed to make users more
productive with personal task
INSTALLING process of setting up software to work
PROGRAMMER/DEVELOPER someone who develops
software/writes instructions to be processed
CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
Personal computer/Desktop computer
Mobile computers and mobile devices you can carry from
place to place
o Notebook computers, Tablet, Smartphones, Digital
Cameras
Game consoles designed for video games
o PSP, Nintendo
Servers control access
Mainframe large, expensive, powerful comp that can
handle hundreds/thousands of connected users
Supercomputers fastest, most powerful, most expensive
Embedded computers special purpose
COMPUTER USAGE
Home user
Small office/ home office user
Mobile user work while away from main office
Power user powerful desktop comp, workstation
Enterprise user
COMPUTER APPLICATION TO SOCIETY
Education
Finance
Government
Health care
Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
CHAPTER TWO
INTERNET/NET worldwide connection of networks that link
millions of business etc.
CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET
CABLE INTERNET SERVICE via cable modem
DSL (digital subscriber line) using regular telephone lines
FFTP (fiber to the premise) uses fiber optic cable
FIXED WIRELESS using a dish-shaped antennae on your
house
Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity uses radio signals
CELLUALAR RADIO NETWORK devices with built-on
compatible technology or comp with wireless modems
SATELLITE INTERNET SERVICE connections via satellite
to a satellite dish that communicates with a satellite modem

 HOTSPOT provide wifi internet connections to user with

mobile comp/devices
ACCESS PROVIDERS business that provides internet access
for free or for a fee
INTERNET BACKBONE major carriers of network traffic
IP ADDRESS (internet protocol address) number that uniquely
identifies each comp connected to that internet
DOMAIN NAME text version of the IP address
TOP-LEVEL DOMAIN (TLD) that last section of the domain
name
WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) widely used internet service
WEB PAGE contain text, graphics, animation, audio etc
WEB SITE - collection of web pages
WEB SERVER computer that deliver s requested web pages
Web 2.0 web sites that provide a means for users to share
personal info such as social networking site
WEB BROWSER application software that allows users to
access and view web pages
HOME PAGE the first page that a webpage displays
DOWNLOADING process of receiving info
URL (uniform resource locator) web address, unique
BOOKMARK/FAVORITE saved wed addresses
LINK/HYPERLINK built-in connection to another related web
page, allow to obtain info in a nonlinear way
SURFING THE WEB activity of using links to explore the web
TABBED BROWSING top of the browser displays a tab
SEARCH ENGINE helpful in locating information
SUBJECT DIRECTORY classifies web pages in an organized
set of categories
TYPES OF WEBSITES
PORTAL offers variety of internet services
NEWS
INFORMATIONAL
BUSINESS/MARKETING
BLOG
o Microblog 100-200 char, twitter
o Blogosphere worldwide connection of blogs
o Vlogosphere vlogs worldwide
WIKI collaborative web that allows users to create, modify,
add
ONLIVE SOCIAL NETWORKS
EDUCATIONAL
ENTERTAINMENT
ADVOCACY contents describes cause, opinions or idea
WEB APPLICATION access and interacts with software
VISUAL REALITY simulate a real/imagined environment that
appears 3-D space
PLUG-ON/ADD-ON program that extends the capability of
browser
WEB PUBLISHING development maintenance of web pages
E-COMMERCE business transactions over electronic network
OTHER INTERNET SERVICES
E-MAIL (electronic mail) transmission of messages and files

o E-MAIL ADDRESS combination of username & domain

name
MAILING LISTS group of email names given a single name
INSTANT MESSAGING real-time communication services
CHAT ROOMS location that permits to chat
VoIP (voice over internet protocol) internet telephony,
enables users to speak to one another
FTP (file transfer protocol)
o UPLOADING transferring files from comp to a server
NEWGROUPS & MESSAGE BOARDS
NETIQUETTE (internet etiquette) code of acceptable
behaviors users should follow while on the internet

CHAPTER THREE
APPLICATION SOFTWARE make users more productive
PACKAGED SOFTWARE mass produced
CUSTOM SOFTWARE specific function
WEB APPLICATION allows users to access and interact
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE no restrictions
SHAREWARE - copyrighted software for a trial period
FREEWARE - no cost, retains all the rights
PUBLIC-DOMAIN SOFTWARE - donated for public and has
no copyright restrictions
SYSTEM SOFTWARE interface between the user, the
application software and the comps hardware
UTILITY PROGRAMS assist users with controlling/maintaining
the operation of a computer, its devices and software
BUSINESS SOFTWARE
WORD PROCESSING SOFTWARE allows users to create
and manipulate document containing mostly texts
SPREADSHEETSOFTWARE
Spreadsheet organization
Calculations
Recalculations
Charting
DATABASE SOFTWARE allows users to create database
Database collection of data organized in a manner
PRESENTATION SOFTWARE allows users to create visual
aids for presentations to communicate ideas, messages etc
NOTE TAKING SOFTWARE enables users to type text
Business software site individual program available together
as a unit
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
PROJECT MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
ACCOUTNING SOFTWARE
DOCUMENT MANAGEMANT SOFTWARE
ENTERPRISE COMPUTING SOFTWARE
GRAPIHICS AND MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
Computer-Aided design
Desktop publishing software
Paint/image editing software
Video & audio editing software
Multimedia authoring software

 Web page authoring software

SOFTWARE FOR HOME, PERSONAL & EDUC USE
PERSONAL FINANCE SOFTWARE simplified accounting
program
LEGAL SOFTWARE assist the preparation of legal
documents etc
TAX PREPARAION SOFTWARE
DESKTOP PUBLISHING SOFTWARE create brochures,
flyers etc
PAINT/IMAGE EDITING SOFTWARE - personal & photo
management software
CLIP ART/ IMAGE GALLERY
VIDEO AND AUDIO EDITING SOFTWARE
HOME DESIGN/LANDSCAPPING SOFTWARE
TRAVEL AND MAPPING SOFTWARE
REFERENCE AND EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE
o Reference provides valuable information
o Educational teaches a particular skill
ENTERTAINMENT SOFTWARE interactive games etc

CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM UNIT a case that contains electronic components of
the computer used to process data
MOTHERBOARD system board, the main circuit board of
system unit
CHIP small piece of semiconducting silicon w/c integrated
circuits are etched
PROCESSOR
Multi-core processor 2 or more processor core
Dual-core processor- 2 separate processor
Quad-core processor 4 separate processor
CONTROL UNIT the component of the processor that direct
and coordinates most of the operations of the computer
ARITHMETHIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU) component of the
processor performs arithmetic, comparisons and other operation.
ARITHMETHIC OPERATION basic calculation such as
addition etc
MACHINE CYCLE
1. Fetching
2. Decoding
3. Executing
4. Storing
CLOCK SPEED pace of system clock and is measured by the
no. of ticks per sec.
GIGAHERTZ (GHz) 1 billion ticks of the system clock per sec
BINARY SYTEM number system that has just two digits , 0 & 1
BITS binary digits, smallest unit of data the computer can
process
BYTE 8 bits grouped together as a unit
MEMORY SIZES
KILOBYTE ( KB or K) - 1,024 bytes or 1,000 bytes
MEGABYTE (MB) 1 million bytes
GIGABYTE (GB) - 1 billion bytes

TERABYTE (TB) 1 trillion bytes

TYPES OF MEMORY
VOLATILE MEMORY when comp is turned off, it loses its
contents. Temporary. RAM.
NONVOLATILE MEMORY does not lose its contents.
Permanent. ROM, flash memory and CMOS
RAM (random access memory) main memory, consists of
memory chips that can be read from and written to by a
processor
CACHE
Memory cache helps speed the processes of the comp
because it stores frequently used instructions and data
L1 cache built directly in the processor chip and has a
very small capacity 8KB 128 KB
L2 cache slightly slower than L1 but has much larger
capacity 64KB 16 MB
ROM (read only memory) memory chips storing permanent
data and instructions
FLASH MEMORY can be erased electronically and rewritten
CMOS provides high speeds and consumes little power
ACCESS TIME amount of time it takes the processor to read
data, instructions and information from a memory
EXPANION SLOT socket on the motherboard that can hold an
adapter card
ADAPTER CARD expansion card, a circuit board that
enhances functions of a component of the system unit and
provides connection to peripherals
PERIPHERALS device that connects to that system unit and is
controlled by a processor in the computer (modems, scanners)
SOUND CARD enhances the sound-generating capabilities
VIDEO CARD graphics card, converts computer output into a
video signal that travels through a cable to the monitor
PORTS point at which peripheral attaches
CONNECTOR joins a cable to a port
USB PORT universal serial bus port, can connect up to 127
different peripherals together with a single connector
HI-SPEED USB 40 times higher
USB HUB a device that plugs in a USB port
FIREWIRE PORT connect multiple types of devise that require
faster transmission speed such as vide camera, VCRS, etc
FIREWIRE HUB divide that plugs in a firewire port
OTHER PORTS
BLUETOOTH PORT Bluetooth, a technology that uses
radio waves tot transmit data between to devices
SCSI PORT special high-speed parallel port
ESCATA PORT allows you to connect a external SATA
IRDA PORT via infrared light
MIDI PORT special type of port that connects that system
unit to a musical instrument such as electronic keyboard
PORT REPLICATORS external device that provides
connections to peripherals through ports to build into device
DOCKING STATIONS an external device that attaches to
a mobile computer/device and includes slots for memory etc
BUSES allows various devices both inside and attached to the
system unit to communicate with each other

 BAYS an opening inside the system unit which you can install
additional equipment
POWER SUPPLY the component of the system unit that
converts the wall outlet AC power to DC power
AC ADAPTER external power supply

CHAPTER 5
INPUT
KEYBOARD
MOUSE
o OPTICAL MOUSE sense of light to detect movement
o LASER MOUSE more expensive
o AIR MOUSE motion-sensing mouse
o TRACKBALL stationary pointing device with a ball
o TOUCHPAD small, flat, rectangular and sensitive
o POINTING STICK pressure-sensitive
TOUCHSCREEN touch-sensitive display device
o KOISK freestanding computer
o MICROSOFT SURFACE 30 inch tabletop
TOUCH-SENSITIVE PADS enables users to scroll
through and play music, view pictures etc such as click
wheel
PEN INPUT
o STYLUS small metal/plastic device that looks like a
tiny pen but uses under pressure instead of ink
o DIGITAL PEN slightly larger and has more function
than a stylus
o SIGNATURE CAPTURE PAD capture a handwritten
signature
OTHER TYPES OF INPUT
o GAME CONTROLLERS directs movement and
actions
o GAMEPAD held with both hands, control movement
o JOYSTICK handheld vertical laver mounted on a
base
o WHEEL steering-wheel input you can use to stimulate
driving a car
o LIGHT GUN to shoot targets
o DANCE PAD flat electronic device divided into panels
that users press with their feet
o MOTION-SENSING GAME CONTROLLERS allows
users to guide on-screen elements by moving a
handheld input device such as a Wii Remote
o DIGITAL CAMERA
o RESOLUTION number of horizontal and vertical
pixels in a display
o PIXELS picture element, smallest element in an
electronic image
o VOICE INPUT entering input by speaking into a
microphone
o VOICE RECOGNITION speech recognition, comps
capability to distinguish spoken words

AUDIO INPUT entering any sound into a computer

such as music
o VIDEO INPUT process of capturing full-motion
images and storing them on a comps storage medium
WEBCAMS PC camera, enables home/small
business to capture video and still images
VIDEO TELEPHONE CALL both parties see
each other as they communicate over the internet
VIDEO CONFERENCING a meeting between 2
or more separated people who uses a
network/internet to transmit audio/video
SCANNER AND READING DEVICES
o FLATBED SCANNER similar to a copy machine except it
creates a file document memory instead of a paper copy
o OPTICAL READERS uses a light source to read
characters etc and converts them into a digital data that
a comp can process
o BARCODE READER bar code scanner uses laser
beams to read bar code
o BAR CODE identification code that consist of vertical
lines or patterns of dots and squares
o RFID READERS (radio frequency identification) uses
radio signals to communicate with a tag place
o MAGNETIC STRIPE CARD READERS magnetic stripe
reader, reads magnetic stripe on credit cards etc
o MICR READERS (magnetic ink character recognition)
read text printed with magnetized ink
o BIOMETRIC INPUT authenticating a persons identity
such as fingerprint reader
OUTPUT
DISPLAY DEVICES - MONITOR
o
LCD MONITOR uses liquid crystals display
o
PLASMA MONITOR uses plasma technology
o
CRT MONITOR contains cathode-ray tube
PRINTER
o NONIMPACT PRINTERS without striking the paper
o INK JET PRINTERS spraying tiny drop of liquid into the
paper
o PHOTO PRINTERS produces photo-lab quality pictures
o LASER PRINTERS high-speed, high-quality nonimpact
printer
o MULTIFUNCTION PERIPHERALS all in one device,
printer scanner copy machine fax machine
o THERMAL PRINTERS pushing electrically heated pins
against heat-sensitive paper
o MOBILE PRINTERS small, light weight, battery-powered
printer that allows mobile user to print from a ntbk comp or
phones
o PLOTTER PRINTERS sophisticated printers used to
produce high quality drawings such as blueprints, maps etc
o LARGE-FORMAT PRINTERS photo-realistic-quality color
prints used for posters, signs etc
o IMPACT PRINTERS by striking a mechanism against an
inked ribbon that physically contacts that paper
OTHER OUTPUT DEVICES
SPEAKERS
o
HEADPHONES places outside of the ear
o

o
o

EARPHONES rest inside the ear canal

HEADSET both headphones and microphone
DATE PROJECTOR displays images on a larger screen
INTERACTIVE WHITEBOARD touch- sensitive device

CHAPTER SIX
STORAGE MEDIUM secondary storage, physical material on
which a comp keeps data, instructions and info.
CAPACITY the number of bytes a storage mediun can hold
STORAGE DEVICE comp hardware that record and retrieves
to and from storage media
WRITING process of transferring data from memory to storage
READING process of transferring data form storage to memory
HARD DISK
LONGITUDINAL RECORDING magnetic particles aligned
horizontally around the surface of the disk
PERPENDICULAR RECORDING aligned vertically
BACK UP duplicate of a file
RAID (redundant array of independent disk) group of 2 or more
integrated hard disk
NAS (network attached storage) a server connected to a
network with sole purpose of providing storage
EXTERNAL HARD DISK separate freestanding hard disk that
connect cables to USB port etc
REMOVABLE HARD DISK you can insert/remove from a drive
MINIATURE HARD DISK
POCKET HARD DRIVE external hard disk that are smaller in
size and capacity
HARD DISK CONTROLLERS electronic circuits that control
the transfer of data from the disk to the system bus
FLASH MEMORY STORAGE
SOLID STATE MEDIA consists of entirely electronic
components
SOLID STATE DRIVE (SSD)
MEMORY CARD enables users to transport images and the
like from a mobile device to a computer/other devices
USB FLASH STORAGE thumb drive
EXPRESSCARD MODULES removable device with L-shaped
width
CLOUD STORAGE internet service that provide hard disk
storage to computers
CD-ROM (compact disk read-only memory) users can read but
not write or erase

CD-Rs (compact disk-recordable) multisession optical disc that

users can write but not erase
CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable can be erased and write
ARCHIVE DISC stores photos on the jpg file format
PICTURE CD stores digital versions of film using jpg file
format
TAPE magnetically coated- ribbon of plastic capable of storing
large amounts of data and information at a low cost
TAPE DRIVE- reads and writes data and information on a tape.
MAGNETIC STRIPE CARD- is a credit card, entertainment card
SMART CARD similar in size to a credit card
MICROFILM 100-to 215 foot roll of film
MICROFICHE a sheet of film