3.

1 FKE Module
3.1.1 Motor Starter
During the session in this faculty, the module taught is about learning the correct wiring
method of three-phase Direct on Line (D.O.L) motor starter. Besides that, students were
required to create a motor control circuit in groups using the equipment provided. The
equipment are such as:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Single-Phase Miniature circuit breaker

Three-Phase Miniature circuit breaker
Three-Phase Thermal Overload Relay
Biased switch (start button)
Biased switch (stop button)
Indicator lamp
Three-Phase Contactor
Three-Phase induction motor
Cables (red, yellow, blue, black, green)

By using the following equipment, we were needed to construct the circuit below.

Figure 3.1.1 Circuit Diagram

3.1.1.1 Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB)

An earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) is a ground fault protection device installed in
a consumer unit (CU) or distribution board (DB) primarily to protect against electric shocks.
The main purpose of earth leakage protectors is to prevent injury to humans and animals due
to electric shock.

Figure 3.1.2: Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB)

3.1.1.2 Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)
The Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB) are electromechanical devices which protect an
electrical circuit from an overcurrent. The overcurrent, in an electrical circuit, may result
from short circuit, overload or faulty design. Besides that, it also protects against shock
currents caused by excessive touch voltage due to insulation failure.

Figure 3.1.3: Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)

3.1.1.3 Momentary Push Button
The Momentary Push Button is a type of push button that has a basic function as a
simple electric switch mechanism which controls some aspect of a machine or a process. The
main function of it is it operates by the switch making contact with the electronic system
when the button is pressed and breaks the current process when the button is released. It is
usually made from hard material such as plastic or metal.

Figure 3.1.4:Momentary Push Button

3.1.1.4 Indicator Lamp

There are many types of indicator lamp which comes with various light having
different colours as well as its own function according to its colour. The one commonly used
in industrial are the one with 3 lights which is green, red and yellow. The green light indicates
the machine is functioning well. Meanwhile the red light indicates the machine is either in
rest mode or switch off and the yellow light indicates there is a malfunction in the machine or
the circuit.

Figure 3.1.5: Indicator Lamp

3.1.1.5 Relay
A relay is a simple electromechanical switch made up of an electromagnet and a set of
contacts. A simple electromagnetic relay consists of a coil of wire wrapped around a soft iron
core, an iron yoke which provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron
armature, and one or more sets of contacts. Besides that, a contractor is a type of relay that
can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor or other loads. Relays
are found hidden in all sorts of devices.

Figure 3.1.6: Relay

3.1.1.6 Lab Session
During the lab session, firstly we fixed the components to create a simple motor
circuit through the circuit diagram obtained earlier. Then, we were provided power supply
which we consume from the supply socket. Next the miniature circuit breaker is attached to
the short circuit so that we could observe the function of the circuit where the MCB is
pressed down to energize the relay. Meanwhile the green light is observed at the indicator
lamp which indicates that the motor is operating perfectly. But unfortunately the yellow light
is triggered when the test button is slide on the ELCB testing mechanism which indicates
there is a mistake or faulty in the circuit connection and the green light is back once the reset
button is pressed.

3.1.1.7 Basic Domestic Wiring (Single Phase Wiring)

Through this lab, students were given chance to experience the wiring work by
themselves and also understanding the concept of in single phase and the function of each
components involved. The equipment and tools provided to conduct this lab are Board 2 x
3, Distribution Board (10 ways), Main Fuse 60A, ELCB/RCCB 2 Pole 40A, 6A MCB, 20A
MCB, Copper Link for MCBs Busbar, 1 gang 1 Way Switch c/w Box, 18W Energy Saving
Bulb c/w Holder, 13A Socket Outlet c/w Box and Measuring Tape.
It started with installing the single phase distribution according to the dimension given.
First of all, we switch off the power supply before we start with the wiring work. Then using
the casing wiring method, we installed the circuit by referring the schematic diagram. Next,
there was various type of testing procedure during the inspection done on the circuit we
installed. Through it, we learned a lot about the circuit and also recorded the results. As a
safety precaution, the instructors checked all the connection just to make sure there is no
loose or bare connection before turning on the switch. Finally, an electrical power supply of
AC 240V is connected to the circuit to record the observation.

Figure 3.1.8: Schematic Diagram for Single Phase Wiring System

3.1.1.8 Relay Control
Upon completion of this module, students should be able to identify basic component
used in relay control circuits, describe and interpret symbols and diagram typically used in
relay control circuit, construct basic relay control circuit based on schematic diagram and
lastly practice good standard of occupational safety and health procedures all the times. This
module will give exposure on basic relay control through basic components and installation.
Students are exposed to the basic industrial works related to relay control application. On the
first session, a two hours lecture was given to students. Next students must do a group
assessment which is 2 members per group. Lastly, students must demonstrate and explained
the electrical wiring that is constructed.
APPARATUS

Circuit breaker 6A

Biased switch (PB start)

Timer relay

Relay

Indicator lamp

Cable

3.2 FKEKK Module

MODULE 1: MULTISIM
INTRODUCTION
Multisim is a virtual electronic circuit design, analysis, and simulation programmer that
design and analyze analogue, digital and mixed mode circuits on a PC using virtual
instruments. Virtual instruments are used to measure circuit behavior such as voltage, current,
power, frequency and signals on a scope. They look just like real instruments without fear of
damaging the circuit components or the instruments.
THEORY
The basic of the virtual instruments are:
1) Multimeter
It measures resistance, ac/dc voltage and ac/dc current.
2) Function Generator
It produces sine wave square wave, and triangular wave signals of adjustable
frequencies and amplitudes.
3) Wattmeter
It measures the power in watts consumed in a circuit.
4) Oscilloscope
They display the traces of a peak-to-peak voltage signal in a circuit.
5) Bode Plotter

It produces a graph of the circuits frequency response. It is useful for analyze

electronic filter circuits.
6) Frequency Counter
It measures the frequency of an ac voltage signal.

MODULE 2: PROTEUS
INTRODUCTION
Proteus is a circuit design and PCB making. This software usually used for circuit
design and PCB fabrication. Generally, Proteus consists of 3 components which are ISIS
(Intelligent Schematic Input System), ARES (Advanced Routing & Editing Software) and
VSM (Virtual System Modeling). ISIS and ARES are usually for the beginners. Some of the
advantages of Proteus are simple, automatic wire routing and dot replacement/removal,
automatic annotation, direct conversion from schematic to PCB layout and many others.
During designing the circuit in proteus, there are a few steps that should be followed
by the users. Below are the steps in designing circuit and PCB:
I.
II.

Draw a schematic diagram

Run an electrical rule to unsure there are no error

III.

Import schematic data to PCB program

IV.

Layout the PCB

V.
VI.

Run a design rule to check the PCB

Print to printer