Professional Documents
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I.
INTRODUCTION
The distillation is separation of the constituents of a liquid mixture via partial
vaporization of the mixture and separate recovery of vapor and residue. Various kinds of devices
called plates or trays are used to bring the two phases into intimate contact. The trays are stacked
one above the other and enclosed in a cylindrical shell to form a Distillation Column.
The feed material, which is to be separated into fractions, is introduced at one or more
points along the column shell. Due to difference in gravity between liquid and vapor phases, the
liquid runs down the column, cascading from tray to tray, while vapor goes up the column
contacting the liquid at each tray. The liquid reaching the bottom of the column is partially
vaporized in a heated reboiler to provide reboil vapor, which is sent back up the column. The
remainder of the bottom liquid is withdrawn as the bottom product. The vapor reaching the top of
column is cooled and condensed to a liquid in the overhead condenser. Part of this liquid is
returned to the column as reflux to provide liquid overflow and to control the temperature of the
fluids in the upper portion of the tower. The remainder of the overhead stream is withdrawn as
the overhead or distillate product.
II.
which shows the piping of the process flow together with the installed equipment and
instrumentation.
A diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the
instrumentation used to control the process. In the process industry, a standard set of symbols is
used to prepare drawings of processes. The instrument symbols used in these drawings are
generally based on International Society of Automation (ISA) Standard S5.
Figure 1 shows the piping and instrumentation diagram of distillation column. The
reporter will be discussing the left side half and right side half of the system.
Figure 2 shows the left half of the system which includes the stripper, pump, reboiler
valves and instrumentations.
A. Piping
Piping is a system of pipes used to convey fluids (liquids and gases) from one location to
another. The engineering discipline of piping design studies the efficient transport of fluid.
1. RV-100-4 RV for relief valve and 100 as the designated code which has a diameter
of four inches. It is used to convey overheated steam from the stripper as shown in Figure
3.
Figure 3 RV-100-4"
2. P-102-6 P for pressurized and 102 as the designated code which has a diameter of
six inches. It is used to convey the inlet feed of fluid to the stripper as shown in Figure 4
Figure 4 P-102-6
3. P-104-10 - P for pressurized and 104 as the designated code which has a diameter of
ten inches. It is used to convey the fluid outlet in the reboiler as shown in Figure 5.
B. INSTRUMENTS
1. Stripper
The Stripper is used to heat fluid and turn to steam to distill the fluid. Steam distillation is
also widely used in petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants where it is commonly referred
to as "steam stripping.
C. ISA Symbology
The ISA symbols present in the diagram are all field mounted measuring instrument with
identification letters and tag numbers.
3. Pressure Transmitter
4. Temperature Sensor
5. Level Controller
8. Relief Valve