BUINESS PROBLEMS OF NIGHT MARKET STREET FOOD VENDORS ALONG

ROXAS AVENUE

CHAPTER 1:

Introduction
Background of the study

Food is a basic commodity that human being needs. There are different kinds of food
being invented and had been modernized. Different classes of people also have their own
likes of food to eat and the capacity to pay the value of the food they want. For most rich
people, they are very concerned on the benefits they can get on the food they eat they are
unlikely concerned about the price. For the middle class they can afford to eat in the fast
food chain they are not also more concerned about the price so long they are satisfied of
what they eat. However for the lower class they really look after their budget. They go
where they can buy a cheaper food to eat, they are being economical. Street food is being
invented so that the lower class can enjoy the cheaper mouth-watering food.
This research paper report the findings of the possible business problems of night market
food vendors specifically along Roxas Avenue that they are actually facing and how they
are able to maintain and manage the business. Central to the research study is the
contribution of their business in maintaining their basic needs.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study explores the business problems of night market street food vendors along
Roxas Avenue.

1. To what extent are the following business problems encountered by night market
street food vendors in terms of:
a. Capital
b. Supplies
c. Location
d. Competition
e. Weather Condition
2. What are the means that night market street food vendors to resolve this following
problems in terms of:
a. Capital
b. Supplies
c. Location
d. Competition
e. Weather Condition
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
To determine the business problems of night market street food vendors that they
encountered in their daily business transactions and in to what extent they can manage
those problems.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROBLEM
This study is conducted to determine the business problems of night market street food
vendors along Roxas Avenue; to what extent they can manage those problems. That
despite of the problems they encountered daily they still have courage to continue and
doing same kind of business. They never give up despite of the difficulties. Through these
studies also we may understand why street food vendors are keep mushrooming in every
corner of the streets and still fighting for every problem they may encounter along the
way. This study will be a significant endeavor in providing solutions to street food
vendors and their motivations. This study will be beneficial to the students and instructors
in relation to business subjects and business studies. Moreover, this research will provide

recommendations on how to evaluate the performance of street vendors in their

businesses. Moreover, this research study will be helpful to business industry and
business practitioners in developing different businesses in different sectors.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This research is conducted to determine the business problems of night market street food
vendor along Roxas.
General purpose: To determine the business problems of food street vendors.
Subject matter: Business problem of street vendors.
Topics studied. Night market street food vendor and their business problems.
Population or universe: Street vendors
Locale of the study: ROXAS AVENUE, DAVAO CITY
Period of the study: Fiscal year 2015-2016.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Night market this refers to the place where buyers and sellers doing business during
night time.
Vendors this refers to a person who sells things especially on street.
Business competition this refers to active rivals in business in how to attract more
customers to have a long lasting life of business and profitable.
Profit defined as the money that is made in a business after deducted all the cost and
expenses, also called financial gain.

CHAPTER 2:

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

ON BUSINESS PROBLEMS OF NIGHT MARKET STREET FOOD VENDORS
ALONG ROXAS AVENUE
INTRODUCTION

Street vending is pervasive across the globe, especially in developing countries. It

provides an important source of earnings for the unemployed in urban areas, as well as a

source of relatively inexpensive goods and services for city residents. However, typical
street vendors face a common set of problems, which range from tenuous property rights
and harassment from civic authorities to subsistence living and earning. Under this
precarious setting, street enterprises have been expanding. The objective of this article is
to employ a systematic method to research the studies in this field, extract their findings,
and integrate them in order to propose a model that incorporates factors affecting the
success of street enterprises. Based on this model, major research issues are outlined to
advance the knowledge in the field.
Street vendors are those entities selling goods and services in the street without having a
permanent built-up structure (Bhowmik 2005). Street enterprises are found in virtually all
major cities, especially in developing countries. Even though it is the most visible
segment of the urban informal economy, the accurate number of vendors is virtually
unknown and is still in flux (http://wiego.org).

Ahmeed Tahneem Muzaffar (2009), conducted research on the work of street food
vendors of Davao City and to identify the impediments faced by street food vendors in
conducting their daily business. Having realized problems related in business operations,
business knowledge, production, capital, and extortion related. Business operation related
problems contributes most significantly with the results from the respondents.

Street Vendors and the dynamics of the Informal Economy: Evidence from Vung Tau,
Vietnam, (2010). Their problems is also concerned with the general lack of awareness in
of any need to register their business with authorities and also with the harassment or
mafia style activities. The one of the findings is that street food vendors difficulties in
keeping up with new and modified regulations on a very regular basis.

Street Food preparation practices (2014), Dr. Dexter Buted and Dr. Alex Ylagan
conducted a research on the different street food preparation practices of street food
vendors and the problems they encountered during preparations. The repondents in the
study were 50 street food vendors of Batangas City and the researchers made use of
questionnaire and interview methods in obtaining findings, Results are that street food
vendors has problems on the capital for the preparation of street food vending and
Helen R. Sakar (20**), conducted a research on the vulnerabilities and insecurities of
informal street workers or a study of street vendors. Several vendors expressed their
needs and views regarding solving the problems that they are presently facing like fear of
the authority, harassment by some police officials, exposed to the environmental hazards,
long hours of work without interest, rainfall damages goods and affects vending,
customers misbehaviour, extreme tiredness, absence of toilet facilities, absence of shade
to protect from various weather conditions, difficulty in procuring vending license and
the fear of vending without vending license, need to do street vending at old age due to
poverty and other compulsions, quarrel among co-vendors which results in changing
vending place, uncertainty of income, and difficulty in pushing vending carts from one
place to another in different weather conditions especially on the damaged roads.

THEORY BASE OR THEORY LENS

THEORETICAL OR CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

DEPENDENT VARIABLES

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

BUSINESS PROBLEMS IN:

STREET FOOD VENDORS

WEATHER CONDITION
CAPITAL
LOCATION
SUPPLIES
COMPETITION

MODERATOR
CUSTOMERS ALONG ROXAS
AVENUE

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the following: research design, research environment, respondents
of the study, research instrument, data gathering procedures, other sources of information,
and data treatment.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This study made use of the descriptive correlation method. This method is used when the
objective is to describe the status of the situation as it exist at the time of the study to
explore the causes of the particular phenomena (Travers, 2010)
This descriptive survey dealt on quantitative data about the said phenomenon. An
appropriate schedule for gathering data was designed for the target respondents to answer
the questions. The process of gathering data was through the use of questionnaires with
the help of the night market street food vendors along Roxas Avenue. The focus of the
study was to determine their business problems.
RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT
This study included the 200 night market street food vendors along Roxas Avenue.
The purpose of this study is to examine the business problems of selected street food
vendors regarding the quality and consition, maintenance, and improvement of their
existing businesses.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A descriptive research methodology was used for this study. A survey was administered
to a selected sample from a specific population identified in Roxas Avenue. The term
survey is commonly applied to a research methodology designed to collect data from a
specific population, or a sample from that population, and typically utilizes a
questionnaire or an interview as the survey instrument (Robson, 1993). Surveys are used
to obtain data from individuals about themselves, their households, or about larger social
institutions (school boards). Sample surveys are an important tool for collecting and
analyzing information from selected individuals. They are widely accepted as a key tool
for conducting and applying basic social science research methodology (Rossi, Wright,
and Anderson, 1983). American society is familiar with the use of surveys to assess issues
or project trends: marketing researchers use surveys to study consumer preference and
shopping patterns (Leary, 1995). The Gallup poll on education in America is an ongoing
project of Phi Delta Kappa. Results of the annual survey are published each year in
Kappan magazine. Selected American television viewers participate in the Nielson
surveys, 23 designed to estimate the size of various television program audiences for the
purpose of establishing advertising rates. Such sample surveys are comprised of
standardized methodologies designed to gather information by examining systematically
identified population samples. Social scientists rarely draw conclusions without
disaggregating the sample population into various sub-groups. For example, the Gallup
polls typically examine issues disaggregated by gender, ethnicity, education and region of
the country (Rossi, Wright and Anderson, 1983). According to Leary (1995), there are

distinct advantages in using a questionnaire vs. an interview methodology: questionnaires

are less expensive and easier to administer than personal interviews; they lend themselves
to group administration; and, they allow confidentiality to be assured. Robson (1993)
indicates that mailed surveys are extremely efficient at providing information in a
relatively brief time period at low cost to the researcher. For these reasons, the researcher
chose a descriptive research methodology and designed a questionnaire survey instrument
to assess the perceptions of selected school board members regarding the quality and
condition, maintenance, and improvement and renovation of existing public school
facilities throughout the United States.
Sampling Technique: Stratified Random sampling
For this study, 20 street food vendors of Roxas Avenue, Davao City were identified
through stratified random sampling. Gay (1987) reports:
Random sampling is the best single way to obtain a representative sample. No technique,
not even random sampling, guarantees a representative sample, but the probability is
higher for this procedure than for any other. (p. 104) 24 Gay also agrees that stratified
random sampling is an appropriate methodology in order to make proportionate, and
therefore meaningful, comparisons between sub-groups in the population. Robson (1993)
tells us that sampling theory supports stratified random sampling as an efficient choice
because the means of the stratified samples are likely to be closer to the mean of the
population overall. Finally, Leary (1995) indicates that a stratified random sample will
typically reflect the characteristics of the population as a whole.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The survey used in the study addressed two purposes. The first purpose was to examine
the perceptions of selected street food vendors regarding their problems in weather
condition, capital, supplies, and location. The second purpose was to collect additional
data about additional business problems that selected street food vendors are
encountering.
The survey instrument was divided into three sections.
Section one: Existing business problems, items 1-10describes perceptions on business
problems
Section two: Demographic Information, items 11-20 obtained demographic information
about the selected street food vendors who responded to the survey
Section three: Issues, measures, items 20-25 the respondents indication of the top three
pressing concerns with their business problems and was not information used for the
purpose of this study.
Reliability and validity are important aspects of questionnaire design.
According to Suskie (1996), a perfectly reliable questionnaire elicits consistent responses.
Although 28 it is difficult to develop, it is reasonable to design a questionnaire that
approaches a consistent level of response. Leary (1995) offers seven guidelines for
designing a useful questionnaire:
1. Use precise terminology in phrasing the questions.
2. Write the questions as simply as possible, avoiding difficult words, unnecessary
jargon, and cumbersome phrases.
3. Avoid making unwarranted assumptions about the respondents.
4. Conditional information should precede the key idea of the question.

5. Do not use double-barreled questions. (questions that ask more than one question but
provide the respondent with the opportunity for only one response)
6. Choose an appropriate response format.
7. Pretest the questionnaire. (pp.81-82) Robson (1993) indicates that a high reliability of
response is obtainable by providing all respondents with the exact same set of questions.
Validity is inherently more difficult to establish within a single statistical measure. If a
questionnaire is perfectly valid, it must measure in such a way that inferences drawn from
the questionnaire are entirely accurate. Suskie (1996) reports that reliability and validity
are enhanced when the researcher takes certain precautionary steps: Have people with
diverse backgrounds and viewpoints review the survey before it is administered. Find out
if:

each item is clear and easily understood

they interpret each item in the intended way
the items have an intuitive relationship to the studys topic and goals, and
your intent behind each item is clear to colleagues knowledgeable about the subject
(p. 59).

Responses to the instrument were grouped as follows: (1) clarity of directions; (2) clarity
of questions; (3) relevancy of the question as an important aspect of a major issue; and
(4) narrowness or constraint of response.
Data collection
Recipients were requested to complete the questionnaire and to return it to the researchers
as soon as possible. Respondents were given enough time they needed to answer and
complete the questionnaire. According to Suskie (1996), this timetable serves as a means
of reminding recipients to complete the survey without going to great expense. It also
contributes to the likelihood of doubling the initial response rate, generally less than 40

percent after the first mailing. For this reason, the researcher was careful to avoid
constructing a complex and lengthy questionnaire.
METHOD OF ANALYSIS
The data analysis consisted of examining the surveys for correctness and completeness,
coding and keying data into a database in Number Cruncher Statistical System (NCSS),
and performing an analysis of descriptive responses (all of Section One: items 1-21; and
parts of Section Two: items 2-6, 8-9, 11 and 14) according to frequency distributions and
descriptive statistics. All incomplete surveys were discarded from the analysis. Frequency
tables and descriptive statistics were constructed to display results with respect to each of
the three research questions.
DATA ANALYSIS
The purpose of this chapter was to describe the research methodology of this study,
explain the sample selection, describe the procedure used in designing the instrument and
collecting the data, and provide an explanation of the statistical procedures used to