Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OPEN LEARNING
OPITO 2014
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Contents
Visual Cues
Training targets
for you to
achieve by the
end of the Unit
Check yourself
answers to
let you see if
you have been
thinking along
the right lines
Test yourself
questions to see
how much you
understand
Summaries for
you to recap on
the major steps
in your progress
Training Targets
When you have completed this Unit you will be able to:
List the reasons for drilling subsea wells
Describe a Surface and Deepwater platform
Describe both types of subsea Xmas trees
List the tree Safety and Protective structures
List places that need extra vigilance for personal safety
Describe the items in the oil flow that can cause production problems
Introduction:
Compliant Towers
Subsea Completions
Horizontal Tree
Conventional Tree
Tree Cap
Crown Plugs
Tubing Hanger
Master Valve
Block
Treehead
Tree Connector
Tree Connector
Tubing Hanger
Wellhead
Wellhead
11
Tree Cap
Test Yourself
13
AA - General Service
BB - General Service
CC - General Service
a
DD - Sour Service
a
EE - Sour Service
a
FF - Sour Service
a
HH - Sour Service
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
-75
to
180
-60
to
82
-50
to
180
-46
to
82
-20
to
180
-29
to
82
API 17D
ROOM TEMPERATURE
ROOM TEMPERATURE
to
150
-18
to
66
to
180
-18
to
82
to
250
-18
to
121
35
to
250
to
121
to
350
-18
to
180
to
650
-18
to
345
14
5-15
15-25
25-50
50-100
>100
00
125
22
250
44
500
89
16
1000
178
32
2000
356
63
11
4000
712
126
22
8000
1425
253
45
16000
2850
506
90
16
32000
5700
1012
180
32
84000
11400
2025
360
64
128000
22800
4050
720
128
10
256000
45600
8100
1440
256
11
512000
91200
16200
2880
512
12
102400
182400
32400
5760
1024
Test Yourself
15
Section 3 - Wellhead
& Hanger Systems
After a discovery has been made, a consortium of
companies will buy into the development plan. The
very high capital outlay and infrastructure costs will
usually be shared. The participant with the biggest
share will normally become the operator and the
field will be named after them. When crude oil is
produced it is a mixture of water, oil and gas. Testing
of the crude oil will be done at the discovery stage to
determine the ratio of each.
Slings
Lifting eyes
Equipment clamps
Damage to baskets
16
The Wellhead
(1) Mandrel
(2) Hub
VX Seal Area
Running Tool
Cam Profile
VT Seal Area
Tubing Hanger/
Lockdown Profile
Seal Wickers
Ratch Lockring
Duel Socket
Interface
17
(Mandrel Profile)
Bending Force
Bending force is generated by the pressure
applied to everything that is in the water between
the seabed and the surface of the sea.
We have tide that ebbs and flows twice every
twenty four hours and various strengths of current
that can run indifferent directions but usually at the
same level. The result of this condition acting on
the total area of the BOP stack and the drilling riser
transfers the load to the wellhead and this in turn
will distribute these down into the first 800 to 1,000
meters of strata below the seabed. The graphic
below shows the approximate areas involved.
18
Rig Tension
Rig Buoyancy
capacity
4,800 tons
Ocean Surface
Oceanic
Forces
B.O.P. stack 200 tons
surface area 75sq/mtr per
Wellhead
Test Yourself
20
areas.
Numerous access penetrations or couplers can
be incorporated into the hanger. They will carry
hydraulic fluid, chemicals, and pressure/ temperature
sensors. On a conventional system, only half of the
coupler is installed in the hanger face, the other half
will be part of the underside of Xmas tree to be run
later hence the need for accurate radial alignment.
21
22
Installation and
Workover Tooling
23
Test Yourself
24
The Master and Wing valves are red and the Swab
valve is yellow.
The smaller valves on the right are for monitoring
and control of the area below the tubing hanger
called the annulus.
25
26
TREE HUB
TREE CAP
ASV
PRODUCTION
CHOKE
ACTUATOR
HYDRAULIC STAB
CONNECTOR
PSV
XOV
PT
PT
PUMV
AMV
TEST
PORT
CI CIV
PLMV
AWV
SCSSV
LINE
PWV
MECHANICAL
OVERIDE
WELLHEAD
CONNECTOR
TUBING HANGER
27
Valve Actuators
28
Control Pod
Choke
A Choke is bolted into the flow system downstream
of the wing valve and as its name suggests it is a
device that will regulate flow from the well.
This device is a made very heavily with thick sections
so as to withstand high pressure and erosion from
flowing well fluids.
Tree Cap
Guide Posts
Xmas Tree
Production
Guide Base
Drilling
Guide Base
31
Remember...
The function of the Flowbase is to provide the export line orientation and isolation
vale to shut off the flow.
Test Yourself
32
Eliminating the need for an expensive, dualbore workover and completion riser system cuts
equipment costs.
Tree Cap
Internal Tree Cap
Tubing Hanger
Tree Block
SSSCV
Wellhead
Flowline
34
HORIZONTAL XTREE
51/2 TUBING WITH 4 PRODUCTION CHOKE &
2 GAS LIFT CHOKE
INTERNAL TREE CAP
DEBRIS CAP
CROWN PLUGS
DHPTT
ANNULUS PRESSURE
TEMP. TRANSDUCER
1/2 TUBING
HANGER VENT
1/2 DOWNHOLE CJ
CHECK VALVE
1/2 SSCV LINE
PROD, PRESS/TEMP
TRANSDUCER
2 GASLIFT CHOKE
2 GASLIFT
CHOKE
AAV
PMV
AMV
PMV
AMV
XOV
DUMMY
TUBING HANGER
1/2 VX
GASKET
TEST
WELLHEAD
18 3/4
SPLIT
TUBING HANGER
(OPTION)
PRODUCTION
DOWNHOLE
CHEM INJ
5 1/2 TUBING
DHPTT LINE
13 3/8 CASING
SCSSV TUBING
20 CASING
10 3/4 CASING
30 CONDUCTOR
Test Yourself
Retainer Valve
The Retainer Valve is sits above the SSTT just
above the BOP Shear Rams and is designed, in the
event of a disconnect, to isolate the landing string
contents and vent trapped pressure from between
the Retainer Valve and the SSTT to the marine riser.
The retainer valve closes prior to unlatching the
subsea landing string from the xmas tree, thus
preve
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nting any hydrocarbons in the landing string from
escaping into the environment.
Annular Ram
Retainer Valve
Shear Sub
Shear Rams
Subsea Test Tree
Integral Slick Joint
Fixed/Variable Pipe Rams
Tubing Hanger
Running Tool
Adaptor Sub
37
Test Yourself
38
39
40
Test Yourself
41
Subsea System
3 x 4 Slot Production
Template/Manifold
1 CO2 Injection Well
Subsea Control System
Workover System
Field Location
Norwegian Sea
330m Water Depth
Transportation to Melkoya
Pipeline 160km
Electro Hyd Fibre Optic Umbilical
9 Production Subsea Xmas Trees
1 Injection Subsea Xmas Trees
1 Workover Riser System
42
Templates
44
Remember...
ROV Intervention Docking
Bucket label meanings:
PMV.............. Production Master Valve
MIV.2...Methanol Injection Valve No. 2
XOV...........................Cross Over Valve
Figure 46... Gas test in water
45
Test Yourself
46
47
48
Remember...
We use a floating production
system with off-take facilities
to take the oil to the customer
49
Test Yourself
10
Check Yourself...
Check Yourself 1
Check Yourself 6
Check Yourself 2
(a) The requirements for material, testing and
certifications for subsea equipment in general
Check Yourself 3
(a) Mandrel or Hub
(b) 7 Million pounds
(c) 3 Casing hangers
(d) Fits onto top of Blowout Preventer (BOP)
Check Yourself 7
(a) The landing string provides well control functions
and disconnection capabilities during well installation,
workover, intervention and well test operations on
wells with horizontal subsea Xmas trees.
Check Yourself 4
(a) Flowline and Umbilical
(b) Hydraulic pressure
(c) It suspends and seals the removable tubing
string inside the wellhead
(d) The IWOCS controls and monitors the
deployment, the operation and the retrieval of
subsea production equipment such as Tubing
Hangers, Landing Strings and Xmas Trees
Check Yourself 8
(a) 50 tons snag load
(b) To protect subsea production equipment
and fishing nets and gear
Check Yourself 9
(a) Suction legs
(b) A component that has a number of well centres
accurately incorporated into its structure.
(c) By pipeline
Check Yourself 5
(a) A verticle bore
(b) It provides a hydraulic link between the tree
functions and the Xmas tree control pod. This
enables the Xmas tree to be functioned by the
host platform.
(c) It is a device that regulates the flow from the
well.
(d) To boost the pressure from the umbilical.
Check Yourself 10
(a) 1700 metres
(b) Wax
(c) Insulation
(d) Hydrates
(e) Floating production system
with off-take facilities (FPSO)
51
Having studied the capital drilling and production equipment and tools you should have a grasp of
how these building blocks go together.
It is important to remember that every single part of the subsea system has to be able to perform
for the full field life without maintenance if necessary other than the removal of external debris such
fishing equipment or seabed damage.
Similar equipment is used for most subsea developments but will vary for increased pressure or
temperature.
Oil Companies such as Shell and BP will apply some of their own standards above and beyond
those of the industry (API) ones. This will ensure that they take into account any specialities they
feel is necessary they just cost extra.
52