1.

Thefollowingaretrueaboutdisinfectantsthatcanbeusedeffectivelyfor
skin:
a.glutaraldehyde
b.chlorhexidine
c.ethylalcoholwithpovidoneiodine
d.ethyleneoxide
e.chloramphenicoldrops

2.Viralwithoncogenicpropertiesinhumansinclude:
a.measlesvirus
b.hepatitisBvirus
c.papovavirus
d.EpsteinBarrvirus
e.cytomegalovirus
3.Staphylococcusaureus:
a.issensitivetofusidicacid
b.isresistanttophagocytosisbyneutrophils
c.producesexotoxins
d.isthemostcommoncauseofcarbuncle
e.phagetypeIandIIarethecommonestcauseofboils
4.ThefollowingcanbeusedtoidentifyStaphylococcusaureus
a.identificationofLancefieldgroupsthroughserology
b.phosphatasepositivity
c.coagulasepositivity

d.fermentationofmannitol
e.goldenappearanceofcolonies
5.Theeffectofendotoxinsinclude:
a.inhibitionofplateletaggregation
b.inhibitionofHagemanfactor
c.releaseofinterleukin1
d.initialleucopenia
e.activationofthealternativecomplementpathway.
6.Thefollowingaretrueabouttetanusacquiredthroughtraumaticwound:
a.thediagnosisisdependsonmicrobialfindings
b.Clostridiumtetanitravelsviathenervestotheanteriorhorncellsinthe
spinalcord
c.thetetanospasmincomponentoftheexotoxinactsonthepostsynaptic
neuronesandpreventsimpulsetransmission.
d.thepatientshouldbegivenantitoxinintravenously
e.thepresenceofClostridiumtetaniinthewoundcanbeidentifiedbya
positiveNaglerreaction

7.HepatitisBvirus:
a.isaDNAvirus
b.thepresenceofeantigenindicatesincreasedinfectivity
c.antibodytosurfaceantigenusuallyappearswithin2weeksofinfection
d.thecarrierrateisabout0.1%intheUK

e.isarecognizedcauseoflivercancer
8.TheMantouxtest:
a.ispositiveinallpatientswithtuberculosis
b.involvesinjectingPPD(purifiedproteinderivative)intradermally
c.ismoresensitivethanthetinetest
d.becomespositivewithin3weeksofacquiringtuberculosis
e.involvestheCD4cells
9.ThefollowingaretrueaboutPseudomonasaeruginosa:
a.itisthemostcommoncauseofcontactlensacquired
infection
b.itisaGramnegativebacteria
c.itcancauseosteomyelitis
d.itissensitivetochloramphenicol
e.itissensitivetociprofloxacin
10.Stainsusefulforidentifyingfungusinclude:
a.Gramstain
b.haematoxylinandeosin
c.Gomorimethanaminesilver
d.PAS(periodicacidSchiff)
e.Giemsa

11.Thefollowingaretrueaboutculturemediaformicrobes:
a.LowenstenJensenisusedtoisolatemycobateria
b.thioglycolatebrothallowsonlyanaerobestogrow
c.MacConkeyagarpreventsthegrowthofGram
negativebacteria

d.Sabouraud'scultureisusefulforculturingfungal
infection
e.ThayerMartin'smediaisusedtoisolategonococcus
12.Thefollowingareusedtodetectantibodies:
a.polymerasechainreaction
b.complementfixation
c.haemaglutinationinhibition
d.coagulasetest
e.indirectimmunofluorescence
13.Bacteriaspores:
a.areresistanttoantibiotics
b.allowthebacteriatomultipleinadversecondition
c.areusuallyformedbyGramnegativebacteria
d.canbeidentifiedwithGramstains.
e.arekilledbytemperatureof1200for20minutes.
14. Clostridium:
a. forms spores

b. is anaerobic
c. could easily be destroyed by normal disinfectant
d. produces endotoxin which is responsible for tetanus

e. is Gram positive
15. Streptococci:
a. form spores
b. cause abscess
c. are responsible for erysipelas
d. produce coagulase

e. are non-motile
16.Regardinginterferon:
a.itisavirusspecificmolecules
b.itactsbyneutralizingexotoxin
c.itenhancesthehistocompatibilityantigenoncellsurfaceand
therebyactivatetheTcells
d.itexertsitseffectbyintegratingitselfwiththeDNAofvirus
infectedcells
e.itcaninhibitcelldivisioninnormaltissue
17.Endotoxins:
a.isinvolvedinbotulism
b.elicitanantibodyresponsewhichmayprotectthehostfromfuture
attack
c.isproducedmainlybyGrampositivebacterial
d.canoftensurviveautoclaving
e.isfoundinthevesicleofbacterialcytoplasm
18.Optionsforsterilizationinclude:
a.ethyleneoxide
b.gammairradiation
c.1600Cdryheatfor30minutes
d.lowtemperaturesteamof730Cfor20minutes
e.hightemperaturesteamof1340Cfor3minutes
19.Truestatementsconcerningnecrotizingfasciitisarecorrect:
a.antibiotictherapyandhyperbaricoxygendonotlimitthespread
b.thereisasevereinfectiveprocess,buttheskininitiallyappearsnormal
c.conservativeexcisionofthenecroticfasciaandskinandmuscleshouldbe
carriedoutwithin24hours
d.itisnotcommonafterminortrauma

e.highdosesbenzylpenicillin(4megaunits)givenintravenouslyareindicated
20.Tetanustoxoid:
a.confersactiveimmunity
b.shouldnotbegiventoimmunocompromisedpatients
c.needsnotbegivenifthepatientshadreceivedthetoxoidinthelastfiveyears
d.isgiventobabiesthreetimesasacomponentoftriplevaccines
e.cancauseautism
21.MRSA(methicillinresistantStaphylococcusaureus):
a.ismorelikelytocausedeeperinfectionthanordinary
Staphylococcusaureusstrains
b.causesasymptomaticcolonizationinthenose
c.pulsedfieldgelelectrophoresisisusefulintheinvestigationofoutbreak
d.isresistanttoiodinesolution
e.issensitivetovancomycin

22.ThefollowingaretrueaboutClostridiumtetani:

a.itisaGrampositivebacilliwithterminalspore
b.tetanuscanoccurweeksaftertheinitialinfection
c.thesymptomsoftetanusisproducedbyanendotoxin
d.tetanusantitoxinisineffectivewhenthetoxinentersthe
nervoustissue
e.gasgangrenecanresultfromClostridiumtetaniinfection
23.ThefollowingaretrueabouthepatitisB:
a.itisaRNAvirus
b.immunitycanbeacquiredbyvaccinationwithalive
attenuatedvirus
c.persistentpresenceofHBsAgincreasestheriskofchronic

liverdisease
d.theaverageincubationperiodis30days
e.thepresenceofantibodytohepatitisBsurfaceantigenisa
reliableindicatorofnoninfectivity