BIOLOGY WORKING

PAPER
Citrus Pest

Member of group :
1. Allen Ersandy Harindinata
2. Finda Risdiana
3. Mailulah Ely Fauziyah
4. M. Achsan Fuadi
5. Phia Meidyana Triwahono
6. Raisa Ananda Prameswari

(03)
(10)
(15)
(16)
(20)
(21)

A.

Some kinds of citrus pests

We know that horticulture plant can be affected by pests. One of them

is citrus. below are several kinds of citrus pests, such as :
1. Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration Disease(CVPD)
The disease is caused by the bacterium Liberobacter asiaticum.
To find more, whether CVPD citrus disease can be identified by
using:
1) Electron Microscope , 2) Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR
(primer specific) , 3) Serology Test (method I - ELISA and DIBA),
4) DNA Hybridization , 5) test transmission by grafting (grafting
the eye patch) and the insect vector , and 6) Test with an
indicator plant Vinca rosea and Madame vinous.
2. Tristeza disease (Quick Decline)
The disease is caused by a virus Tristeza citrus (Citrus Tristeza
Virus = CTV) with Toxoptera citricida Krik-transmitting insects.
(Aphis citricidus Kirk., Del Garcio tavaresi Aphis, Aphis citricola
Van der goot), T. auranti Fonsc., Aphis spiraecola Patch., Aphis
gossypii Glou, Myzus persicae Sulz. And Ferrisia Ckll virgata.
3. The base stem rot (Brown Rot Gummosis)
The disease caused by Fungus Phytophthora spp., Including the
important thing is a) P. nicotianae B. de Haan var parasitica
(DAST). Waterh (first: P. parasitica DAST), b) P. citrophthora (RE
Sm. & EH Sm.) Leonian, (first : RE Pythiacytic citrophthora Sm. Et
EH Sm), and c) P. palmivora (Butl).
In Indonesia, the main species are P. nicotianae var. parasitica.
4. Skin disease Diplodia (Bark rot / Diplodia Cummosis)
The disease is caused by Fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.
(Oomycetes), formerly known as Diplodia zae Lev.; Diplodia
natalensis P.Evans.
5. Anthracnose disease
The disease is caused by Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Penz., With perfect form is Glomerella cingulata. Another fungus
is Gloeosporium limetticolum Clausen.
6. Powdery Mildew
The disease caused by Fungus Oidium tingitanium Carter, who
also called Acrosporium tingitanium (charter) subr.
7. Jamur Upas
The disease is caused by Fungus Corticium salmonicolor B. & B.
8. Scab
The disease is caused by Fawcettii Sphaceloma fungi (Mcalpin &
Tyrone) Jenkins.
9. Cancer

The disease is caused by bacteria Compestris Xanthomonas pv.

Citri (Hasse) Dye. Which is also known as Xanthomonas
compestris (Hasse Dowson), Pseudomonas citri Hasse and
Phytomonas citri (Hasse) Bergex.
10.
Scooty Mold
The disease is caused by fungus Capnodium citri B. & Esm.
11.
Algae disease
The disease is caused by Algae Cephaleuros Kunse virescens.
12.
Foam Disease
The cause of the disease is unknown. However, probably due to
poor planting conditions.
13.
Psorosis (Rimocorticus psorosis Fawc.) Holmes
The disease is caused by Virus or Citrus Psorosis Virus (CPsV)
14.
Exocortis (Scally Butt, Rangpur Lime Disease)
The disease is caused by Viroid or Citrus Exocorris Virus(CEV).
15.
Cachexia Xyloporosis
The cause of the disease is unknown.
16.
Woody Gall
The disease is caused by Citrus Vein Enation Woody Gall Virus (CVEV)

B.

Explanation

In this chapter we will discuss Skin disease Diplodia (Bark rot /

Diplodia Cummosis).
Cause:
Fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. (Oomycetes), formerly
known as Diplodia zae Lev.; Diplodia natalensis P.Evans.
Deployment:
In Indonesia the disease is found in Sumatra, Java, Bali, South
Kalimantan and South Sulawesi. In other countries is in the
United States, Cuba, India, Malaysia, and Thailand.
Symptoms:
On citrus recognized two types, namely Diplodia "wet" and
Diplodia "dry". This disease can attack the roots, stems and twigs
and can cause root rot, neck rot and dead twigs.
The characteristics of wet diplodia :
a. Release a "blendok" that the color is golden or yellow of the trunk
or branches of plant
b. Skin of affected plants may recover after some time returned,
infected skin dry and peeling
c. On the skin happens irregular wound
d. Evolve between leather and wood
e. Dead wood is green until black
The characteristics of dry diplodia :
a. The early symptoms is difficult to known
b. Bark or branches of plants is dry up
c. The skins and stems are green or black
d. The leaf is yellow and death of plant or tree trunks
Factors that affected disease :
The rate of disease progression is influenced by the type and age of
the plant. Citrus fruits such as Pomegranate, Pandawangi, and Bali is
sensitive to diplodia wet and dry. Droughts that occur suddenly,
fertilization is too dense, and the injuries at the plant are good
conditions for development of the pathogen.
Other host plants:
This fungus is polifag which can attack different types of plants.
Countermeasures :
a. Technical culture
- Cut trees / branches / twigs are attacked by weight, remove the
infected skin
b. Mechanical / physical

- Cut / dispose of the diseased bark, including 1-2 cm of

surrounding healthy skin, then smeared with a wound covering
material (paraffin karbolineum, fungicides or ter)
- Collect crop residues and cuts the diseased branches, and then
burned
- Dismantling the affected plant and then burned
c. Chemical
- Application of California or the slurry and for the prevention of
chronic endemic areas.
d. Biology
- Using an antagonist agent Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium spp.,
Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis followed by mixed
with manure / compost, after skin peeled
Prevention

a. Technical culture
- Reduce humidity by adjusting the garden planting and
pruning
- Spacing of fruit, so that the state of the plant is not too
heavy, so the branches / twigs not injured / fractured
- Avoid injuries to roots and stems at the time of weeding
- Continuing fertilization, especially after harvest
- Drainage
b. Genetics / resistant varieties
- No resistant varieties. Moderately resistant varieties is
Pandanwangi (Cikoneng), sweet orange, grape and citrus fruit.
c. Chemical
- Clean farming tools to be used, eg with bleach (klorok).

C.

Some Pictures of citrus disease

Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration Disease(CVPD)

Other disease