CS101: Introduction to Computing

Fall 2015
Instructors:
Dr. Fawad Hussain, Dr. Rashad Jilani, Engr.
Ahmad Sohaib, Engr. Zawar Hussain, Engr.
Usman Raza & Dr. Ahmar Rashid.
Faculty of Computer Science and
Engineering

GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and

Technology

Course Information

Instructors

Dr. Fawad Hussain, fawadhussain@giki.edu.pk

Dr. Rashad jilani jillani@giki.edu.pk
Engr. Ahmad Sohaib
Engr. Zawar Hussain
Engr. Usman Raza
Dr. Ahmar Rashid., G-05, ahmar.rashid@giki.edu.pk

Course Timings

Two Lectures per week ( Tuesday 1230 pm, Thursday 9 am)

One lab per week (Three Hours) [as CS101L]

Office Hours to be announced

General Course Description

The Student will be familiarized with:

History, Present and Future of Computing.

Introduction to Computing Hardware
Introduction to Computing Software
Introduction to Programming Computers

Detailed course contents will be uploaded on the

course website ( http://192.168.1.21 )

Text Books

Text Books
Deitel & Deitel, C++ How to Program,
Fourth/Fifth Edition,
J J Parson and Dan Oja, Computer
Concepts, 7th edition
Reference Books and Material
Programming and Problem Solving with
C++ by Nell Dale and Chip Weems
Online Tutorials/Reference Material
1. http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/
2. http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/
c++-tutorial.html
3. http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Basic_Com
puting_Using_Windows

Course Grading

Assignments/Project 15%
Quizzes 15 %
Mid Term Examination 25%
Final Examination 45%

Assignments and Quizes

A number of assignments and quizzes will be taken

Announced and/or unannounced quizzes may be
given to students any time during/after the lecture
Worst quiz may be dropped at the end of the course
Copying/cheating in assignments and the
project is categorically prohibited and is subject
to severe punishment.

Assignment and Quiz

Methodology

No Plagiarism?
Plagiarism is defined in dictionaries as the
"wrongful appropriation," "close imitation," or
publication" of another authors "language,
thoughts, ideas, or expressions," and the
representation of them as one's own original work
(source: www.wikipedia.org)
Can you consult/collaborate with each other?

Consulting each other in the assignments ?

Verbally

Consulting each other in the quizzes ?

Not at all

Course Objective

Focus on the breadth-first coverage of computer

science discipline
Introduction to

computing environments
general application software
basic computing hardware
operating systems
desktop publishing
Internet
software applications and tools
basic software engineering and information
technology concepts

Course Contents

Part 1: 05 lectures:

Introduction

computers and applications

history of computing
Introduction to hardware and
software
Components of a computer

Hardware Concepts

data representation
number systems
conversion methods
ASCII/Unicode
microprocessors
memory
storage devices
Input/output devices

Computer Software

system software
application software
operating systems
Firmware

Network Building
Blocks

advantages of networking
disadvantages/challenges
posed by networking
networks scope &
classification

Course Contents

Part 2: 25 lectures:

C/C++ history
flow charts & pseudocode
assignment operators
decision making
equality & relational operators
control structures

If statement
Ifelse statement
nested control structures
switch multiple-selection statement
increment and decrement operators

functions

counter control repetition

sentinel-controlled repetition
while statement
dowhile statement

function definitions
function prototypes
calling functions

The essentials of repetition

(loops)

for statement
the break and continue statements

random number generation

storage classes
scope rules
arrays

call by value
call by reference

declaring arrays
examples
passing arrays to functions
searching arrays

Pointers

Computers and Applications

Computers and Applications

Communications
Entertainment
Education
Scientific computing
So many applications

A Tool for Communication

Early telecommunications
Smoke signals

Drums

have been used to great effect in military situations

First visual telegraphy (or semaphore) system

used by natives in Africa, New Guinea and South America

Pigeons

one of the oldest forms of long-distance, visual communication

were used in North America and China

Built in 1792, by a French engineer, Claude Chappe

built between Lille and Paris

First electrical telegraphy

was an electrochemical' telegraph created by the German physician,

anatomist and inventor Samuel Thomas von Smmering in 1809

A Tool for Communication

Wireless telegraphy

A radio operator
receiving a wireless
telegraphy message
using a radio wave
based Marconi magnetic
detector c.1903

In 1832, James Lindsay gave a

classroom demonstration of wireless
telegraphy to his students
In 1893, addressing the Franklin Institute, Nikola
Tesla described and demonstrated in detail the
principles of wireless telegraphy

Radio and television

Computer Networks and Internet

A Tool for Communication

Social Networking
Searching

e-mail

Blog
Chat

Content Sharing

A Tool for Entertainment

Multimedia

Games

Computer Revolution !

Mars
Rover

Flight
Simulator
Wearable Computer
Google Servers

Computer

We know how to use a computer

We have an idea where it stands today

YOU have to contribute towards its future !

Now lets look at what it is and the modest

beginnings from where it evolved !

History of Computer

What is a Computer (-1-)

A computer is a machine that

inputs (takes in) facts and information (known as

data*)
then processes (does something to or with) it
can also store data
afterwards it outputs, or displays, the results for
you to see

* Data is all kinds of information, including,

pictures, letters, numbers, and sounds

What is a Computer (-2-)

The series of instructions that tell

a computer how to carry out the processing
task is referred to as the computer program
A computer software usually consists of many
programs designed to perform specific tasks

What is a Computer (-3-)

The defining feature of modern computers

which distinguishes them from all other
machines is that they can be programmed

a list of instructions (the program) can be given to

the computer e.g.,

add one number to another

move some data from one location to another
send a message to some external device, etc

it will store them (in memory)

and carry them out (execute) some time in future

Usually in the same order in which the instructions were given

History of Computer (-1-)

The first use of the word "computer" was

recorded in 1613

referring to a person who carried out

calculations, or computations !

The word continued to be used in that sense

until the middle of the 20th century

before modern electronic computers were

developed

History of Computer (-2-)

The history of the modern computer begins

with two separate technologies

Automated Calculation
Programmability

Early computers were mechanical

calculating devices such as

Abacus, 3000 B.C

Slide rule

History of Computer (-3-)

Chinese Abacus: for performing arithmetic processes

History of Computer (-4-)

Slide Rule: for performing multiplication, division, computing

roots, logarithms, trigonometric functions

History of Computer (-5-)

ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator And

Computer - was the first general-purpose
electronic computer developed around 1946

operated at 5 kIPS [thousand instructions per second]

Today's desktops can perform 10000+ MIPS

weighed 30 tons
size was roughly 8.5 x 3 x 80 feet
contained around 5 million hand-soldered joints
consumed 150 kW of power; enough to dim the lights of
Philadelphia when it was run!

Input was given from an IBM card reader

An IBM card punch was used for output

History of Computer (-6-)

Working
on,
rather
inside ,
ENIAC

History of Computer (-7-)

IBM Punch Card: Programs and data were punched by hand or

a key-punch-machine and read into a card reader

The future of computers

predicted in the past

I think there is a world market for maybe five

computers.
-- Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943

Computers in the future may weigh no more

than 1.5 tons.
-- Popular Mechanics, 1949

There is no reason anyone would want a

computer in their home.
--Ken Olson, CEO, Digital Equipment Corp., 1977

Types of Computers

Desktop
Laptop
Tablet PC
Work Station
Play Station
Mini frame computers
Main frame computers
Super Computers

Four kind of Computers

1 Microcomputers

most widely used and the fastest-growing

Desktop Computers are small enough to fit on top or along the
side of a desk and yet are too big to carry around.
Personal Computers
Workstations (high end microcomputer for technical/scientific computing)
Portable Computers are small enough and light enough to
move easily from one place to another.
Laptops: 10-16 pounds in weight
Notebooks: 5-10 pounds in weight
Subnotebooks: 2-6 pounds in weight
Personal Digital Assistants: Also known as palmtop
computers and handheld PCs. They combine pen input,
writing recognition and communication capabilities

32

2 Minicomputers

Desk size machines.

Fall between microcomputers and mainframe

computers in their processing speeds and datastoring capabilities.

Might be used for research or monitoring a

particular manufacturing process.

Smaller companies have been using

minicomputers for their data processing needs
such as accounting/billing systems.

33

3 Mainframe Computers

Large computers.

Capable of great processing speeds and datastoring.

They are used by large organizations

business, banks, government agencies etc
to handle millions of transactions.

For example, airline companies use

mainframe computers to process information
about millions of travelers.

34

4 Supercomputers

The most powerful type of computer is the

supercomputer.

These machines are special, high-capacity

computers used by very large organizations.

For example, NASA uses supercomputers to

track and control space explorations.

Supercomputers are also used for oil

exploration, simulations and worldwide
weather forecasting.

35

Components of a
Computer

Parts of a Computer

There are two main parts of computers,

hardware and software

Hardware is all of the parts of the computer you

can see and touch. E.g.,

Monitor, Keyboard, Processor, Memory, Circuits,

Cables etc

Software refers to parts of the computer which do

not have a material form. E.g.,

Data, Programs, Protocols etc

Computer :
An External Look

Casing [with components inside]

Monitor

Lets the user see how the computer is

responding to their command

Keyboard

Next slide

For entering text commands

Mouse

Point-and-Click interface for

interacting with graphical
environment

Computer:
Internal Components (-1-)

Inside the casing, we have a built-in power supply

along with:

Motherboard

It is the central printed circuit board (PCB) where the

core components of your computer reside

Hard Disk Drive

provides slots to host microprocessor, memory, driver

controllers, graphics card, modem, network card etc
also provides electrical connections by which these hosted
components communicate

Permanent storage for data and programs. Also,

normally, your operating system is installed here.

CD-ROM / DVD Player

Computer:
Internal Components (-3-)
Peripheral Component Interconnect

PCI Slot
[sound, network,
modem]

AGP Slot
[Graphics]

Integrated Drive Electronics /

AT Attachment

IDE / ATA Connector

[hard disk, CD-ROM]

Power
Connector

DRAM
Memory
Slot

Motherboard: Sockets & Slots

Slot for
Microprocessor

Computer:
Internal Components (-2-)

Power Supply

Computer:
Internal Components (-4-)

Microprocessor

Graphics Card

Computer:
Internal Components (-5-)

RAM

Network Card

Computer:
Internal Components (-6-)
Hard Disk Drive

DVD RW

Computer: Internal Components (-3-)

Old Systems: 5-pin/180
DIN connector
PS/2 Keyboard Connector
Newest Systems
UsB Kyeboard

Motherboard:
(Universal Serial Bus)

Connectors &
Ports

Old Systems: DE-9 RS-232

"serial mouse" connector
PS/2 mouse Connector
Newest Systems
UsB Mouse`
Modem, Keyboard, scanner
Mouse, external H/D ,
MP3 players.

Printer, External CD drive

Zip drive, ext. H/D and etc.
Monitor

Computer:
Peripherals

A peripheral device is an equipment that might be

added to a computer system to enhance its
functionality

Printer
Digital camera
Scanner
Projector
Joystick
Graphics tablet

Next Time

Hardware & Software Concepts

References

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Basic_Computing_U
sing_Windows
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer
http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/teaching/cs4/s
ummer.08/notes/historyofcomputing/
http://ftp.arl.mil/~mike/comphist/eniac-story.html
http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL-e-h.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard