Vidyamandir Classes

CBSE NOTES

Maths

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

An angle is the amount of rotation of a revolving line with respect to a fixed line.
If the rotation is in clockwise direction the angle is negative and it is positive if the
rotation is in the anti-clockwise direction.
Two types of conventions for measuring angles, i.e., (i) Sexagesimal system (ii)
Circular system.
In sexagesimal system, the unit of measurement is degree.
If the rotation from the initial to terminal side is ( 1/360) th of a revolution, the
angle is said to have a measure of 1.
The classifications in this system are as follows:

In circular system of measurement, the unit of measurement is radian.

One radian is the angle subtended, at the centre of a circle, by an arc equal in
length to the radius of the circle.
The length s of an arc PQ of a circle of radius r is given by s = r, where is the
angle subtended by the arc PQ at the centre of the circle measured in terms of
radians.
Relation between degree and radian

The signs of trigonometric functions in different quadrants have been given as:

Domain and range of trigonometric functions:

VMC/ Maths
TRIGONOMETRY

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Trigonometric ratios of some standard angles

DEGREE

0O

30 O

45 O

60 O

90 O

120 O

135 O

150 O

180 O

Radian

2
3

3
4

5
6

Sin

1
2

1
2

3
2

3
2

1
2

1
2

Cos

3
2

1
2

1
2

Tan

1
3

Degree

210 o

225 o

240 o

Radian

7
6

5
4

4
3

Sin

1
2

Cos

Tan

1
3

VMC/ Maths
TRIGONOMETRY

1
2

1
2
1

1
2

1
2

3
2

1
3

270 o

300 o

315 o

330 o

360 o

3
2

5
3

7
4

11
6

1
2

3
2

3
2

1
2

1
2

1
2

3
2

1
2

1
3

Vidyamandir Classes
3.1.6

Allied or related angles: The angles

n
are called allied or related angles and n 360 are called
2

coterminal angles. For general reduction, we have the following rules. The value of any trigonometric function for

n
is numerically equal to

2
(a) The value of the same function if n is an even integer with algebraic sign of the function as
per the quadrant in which angles lie.
(b) Corresponding cofunction of if n is an odd integer with algebraic sign of the function for
the quadrant in which it lies. Here sine and cosine; tan and cot; sec and cosec are cofunctions of each
other.
Functions of negative angles

Let be any angle. Then

sin()
sin ,cos( )
cos
tan()
tan ,cot( )
cot
sec()
sec,cos ec
( )
cos ec
Some formulae regarding compound angles
(i)

sin(A B) sin A cos B cos A sin B

(ii)

sin(A B) sin A cos B cos A sin B

(iii)

cos(A B) cos A cos B sin A sin B

(iv)

cos(A B) cos A cos B sin A sin B

(v)

tan(A B)

tan A+ tan B
1 tan A tan B

(vi)

tan(A B)

tan A tan B
1 tan A tan B

(vii)

cot(A B)

cot A cot B 1
cotA + cot B

(viii)

cot(A B)

cot A cot B + 1
cot B cot A

(ix)

sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A =

(x)

cos 2A = cos 2 A sin 2 A = 1 2 sin 2 A = 2 cos 2 A 1 =

(xi)

tan 2A =

(xii)

sin 3A =3 sin A 4sin 3 A

(xiii)

cos3A = 4 cos3 A 3cos A

(xiv)

tan 3A

(xv)

cos A + cos B 2cos

2 tan A
1+ tan 2 A
1 tan 2 A
1+ tan 2 A

2 tan A
1 tan 2 A

3tan A tan 3 A
1 3tan 2 A

VMC/ Maths
TRIGONOMETRY

AB
AB
cos
2
2
3

Vidyamandir Classes
AB
BA
sin
2
2

(xvi)

cos A cos B 2sin

(xvii)

sin A sin B 2sin

AB
AB
cos
2
2

(xviii)

sin A sin B 2cos

AB
AB
sin
2
2

(xix)

2sin A cos B = sin (A + B) sin(A B)

(xx)

2cos A sin B = sin (A + B) sin(A B)

(xxi)

2cos A cos B = cos (A + B) cos (A B)

(xxii)

2sin A sin B = cos (A B) cos (A B)

(xxiii)

A
if liesin quadrants I or II

A
1 cos A
2
sin =

2
2
if A liesin III or IV quadrants

(xxiv)

if
A
1 cos A
cos =

2
2
if

A
liesin Ior IV quadrants
2
A
lies in II or III quadrants
2

A
if liesin Ior III quadrants

A
1 cos A
2
tan =

A
2
1 cos A
if lies in II or IV quadrants

(xv)

Trigonometric equations:

Equations involving trigonometric functions of a variables are called trigonometric equations.

Equations are called identities, if they are satisfied by all values of the unknown angles for which the
functions are defined.

The solutions of a trigonometric equations for which 0 < 2 are called principal solutions.

The expression involving integer n which gives all solutions of a trigonometric equation is called the
general solution.

General Solution of Trigonometric Equations

(i)

If sin sin for some angle , then

n (1) n for n Z , gives general solution of the given equation

(ii)

If cos cos for some angle , then

2n , n Z , gives general solution of the given equation

(iii)

If tan tan or cot cot , then

n , n Z , gives general solution for both equations

VMC/ Maths
TRIGONOMETRY

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PROBLEMS FROM NCERT BOOK

1.

Convert 6 radians into degree measure.

2.

If in two circles arcs of the same length subtend angles 60 and 75 at the centre, find the ratio of their radii

3.

Find the values of other five trigonometric functions is

(a)

4.

cos ec ( - 1410)

sec x =

(b)

tan

13
, x lies in fourth quadrant.
5

19
3

Prove that:

sin ( x + y )
sin ( x - y )
6.

(b)

Find the values of the trigonometric functions

(a)

5.

3
cot x = , x lies in third quadrant.
4

tan x + tan y
tan x - tan y

Show that
tan 3x tan 2 x tan x = tan 3 x - tan 2 x - tan x

7.

Prove that:
sin 5 x - 2sin 3 x + sin x
= tan x
cos 5 x - cos x

8.

Prove that
x

tan

4 + x

1 + tan x

x

1- tan x
tan
- x

9.

Prove that: sin 2 6 x - sin 2 4 x = sin 2 x sin10 x

10.

Prove that: cot x cot 2 x - cot 2 x cot 3 x - cot 3 x cot x = 1

11.

Prove that: tan 4 x =

12.

Prove that: cos 6 x = 32 cos 6 x - 48cos 4 x +18cos 2 x - 1

13.

Solve: sin 2 x - sin 4 x + sin 6 x = 0

14.

Solve: 2 cos 2 x + 3sin x = 0

15.

Find the general solution: sin x + sin 3 x + sin 5 x = 0

16.

3
12
, where x and y both lie in second quadrant, find the value of sin ( x + y ) .
If sin x = , cos y = 5
13

17.

x
9x
5x
= sin 5 x sin
Prove that: cos 2 x cos - cos 3 x cos
2
2
2

18.

Find the value of tan

19.

3
3
x
x
x
If tan x = , < x < , find the value of sin , cos and tan .
4
2
2
2
2

20.

2
2
x+
+ cos 2
x-
=

Prove that: cos x + cos

3
3 2

VMC/ Maths
TRIGONOMETRY

4 tan x 1- tan 2 x

1- 6 tan 2 x + tan 4 x

Vidyamandir Classes
21.

4
x
x
x
Find sin ,cos and tan , if tan x = - , x in quadrant II
3
2
2
2

TRIGONOMETRY SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

Theorem 1 (sine formula):
In any triangle, sides are proportional to the sines of the opposite angles. That is, in a triangle ABC

sin A sin B sin C

=
=
a
b
c

Theorem 2 (Cosine formula):

Let A, B and C be angles of a triangle and a, b and c be lengths of sides opposite to angles A, B and C, respectively,
then

22.

cos A =

b2 + c2 - a 2
or a 2 = b 2 + c 2 - 2bc cos A
2bc

cos B =

c2 + a2 - b2
or b 2 = c 2 + a 2 - 2ca cos B
2ca

cos C =

a 2 + b2 - c2
or c 2 = a 2 + b2 - 2ab cos C
2ab

In triangle ABC, prove that:

tan

B- C b- c
A
=
cot
2
b +c
2

tan

C - A c- a
B
=
cot
2
c +a
2

tan

A- B a - b
C
=
cot
2
a +b
2

In triangle ABC, prove that

23.
24.

25.

26.
27.

a sin ( B - C ) + b sin ( C - A) + c sin ( A - B ) = 0

sin ( B - C )
sin ( B + C )
a 2 +b2
2

a +c

b2 - c2
a2

b2 - c2
a2

1 + cos ( A - B ) cos C
1 + cos ( A - C ) cos B

sin 2 A +

c2 - a2
b2

sin 2 B +

a 2 - b2
c2

sin 2C = 0

a cos A + b cos B + c cos C = 2a sin B sin C

SOME OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

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TRIGONOMETRY

Vidyamandir Classes
cos11+ sin11
= tan 56
cos11- sin11

28.

Prove:

29.

5
1

If tan A = , tan B = , prove that A + B =

6
11
4

30.

2
2
2
Prove that: cos A + cos B - 2 cos A cos B cos ( A + B ) = sin ( A + B )

31.

Prove that: tan 36+ tan 9+ tan 36tan 9= 1

32.

Prove that:

33.

Find the value of

(a)

tan ( A + B )
cot ( A - B )

sin18 (b)

tan 2 A - tan 2 B
1- tan 2 A.tan 2 B

cos18 (c)

tan18 (d)

sin 36 (e)

cos 36

sec8 - 1 tan 8
=
sec 4 - 1 tan 2

34.

Prove that:

35.

Solve: 2 tan 2 x + sec 2 x = 2 for 0 x 2

36.

3
5
7

Find the value of

1 + cos
1 + cos
1 + cos
1 + cos

8
8
8
8

37.

If and are the solutions of the equation a a tan + bsec = c , then show that tan( + ) =

38.

Solve:

39.

Prove: sin 20sin 40sin 60sin 80=

40.

2
4
8 - 1
=
Prove: cos cos cos cos
5
5
5
5
16

41.

Find the value of tan 2230 '

42.

If tan =

43.

Prove that:

44.

Show that:

45.

Prove that

46.

Prove that: cos A cos 2 A cos 4 A cos8 A =

47.

Prove that sin10sin 30sin 50sin 70=

48.

Prove that tan. tan (60 - ).tan (60 + ) =tan 3

49.

- 3 3
,
Draw the graph of tan x in

2 2

50.

Solve the equation: tan x + sec x = 3

3 cos +sin = 2
3
16

m
1
, tan =
, then find the value of +
m +1
2m +1
tan 5 + tan 3
= 4 cos 2 cos 4 .
tan 5 - tan 3

2 + 2 + 2 cos 4 = 2 cos
x
cosx
= tan
+

4 2
1- sin x

VMC/ Maths
TRIGONOMETRY

sin16 A
16sin A
1
16

2ac
2

a - c2

Vidyamandir Classes

SOLUTIONS
1.

2.

Let the radii of the two circles r1 and r2. Let an arc of length/subtend an angle of 60 at the centre of the circle of
radius r1, while let an arc of length/subtend an angle of 75 at the centre of the circle of radius r2.

5
radian and 75 =
radian
3
12

Now, 60 =

In a circle of radius r unit, if an arc of length/unit subtends an angle radian at the centre, then

l
or l r
r
l

r1 r2 5

3
4

r1
r 5
and l 2
3
12
r1

r2 5
4

r1 5

r2 4

Thus, the ratio of the radii is 5 : 4

3.

(a)

tan x

3
cot x ,
4

1
1
4

cot x 3
3,

4

4
1 sec 2 x ,
3

16
sec 2 x
9

1 tan 2 x sec 2 x

25
sec 2 x
9

sec x

Since x lies in the 3rd quadrant, the value of sec x will be negative.

sec x
cos x

tan x

5
3

1
1
3

sec x 5
5

3
sin x
cos x

4 sin x

3 3

5

VMC/ Maths
TRIGONOMETRY

4
4
3
sin x ,
5
3 5

cos ecx

1
5

sin x
4

5
3

Vidyamandir Classes

(b)

sec x
cos x

13
5
1
1
5

sec x 13
13

5

sin 2 x cos 2 x 1
sin 2 x 1 cos 2 x
5

13

sin 2 x 1
sin 2 x 1

25 144

169 169

sin x

12
13

Since x lies in the 4th quadrant, the value of sin x will be negative.

1
1
13

12 cos ecx
12
sin x ,
sin x
12

13

13

12
sin x 13
12
tan x

,
cos x 5
5

13

cot x

tan x

1
5

12
12

5

4. (a)

cos ec( 1410 ) cos ec( 1410 4 360 )

= cos ec( 1410 1440 )
= cos ec30 2

(b)

tan

19
1

tan 6 tan 6 tan tan 60 3

3
3
3
3

5.

6.

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TRIGONOMETRY

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7.

8.

L.H.S.=

tan 4 tan x

1 tan x

tan x 1 tan tan x
2

4
4 1 tan
x 1 tan x R.H.S

1 tan


x
1 tan x
tan x tan tan x

4
4
1 tan x

1 tan tan x

9.

L.H.S. sin 2 6 x sin 2 4 x

(sin 6 x sin 4 x)(sin 6 x sin 4 x)

= 2sin

6 x

4x

cos

6 x

4 x

2cos

6x

4x
2

.sin

6x

4 x

= (2sin 5 x cos x)(2cos5 x sin x)

= (2sin 5 x cos5 x)(2sin x cos x)
= sin10 x sin 2 x

10.

cot 3x = cot(2 x + x)
cot 3 x =

cot 2 x cot x - 1
cot x + cot 2 x

cot 3 x cot x + cot 3 x cot 2 x = cot 2 x cot x - 1

cot x cot 2 x - cot 2 x cot 3 x - cot 3 x cot x = 1
11.

L.H.S. = tan 4 x tan 2(2 x)

2 tan 2 x
1 tan 2 (2 x)

tan x

1 tan 2 x

2
2 tan x
1
2
1 tan x

4 tan x
2
1 tan x
(1 tan 2 x) 2 4 tan 2 x

(1 tan 2 x) 2

4 tan x
2
1 tan x
4 tan 2 x
1
(1 tan 2 x)2

VMC/ Maths
TRIGONOMETRY

4 tan x(1 tan 2 x)

(1 tan 2 x) 2 4 tan 2 x

4 tan x(1 tan 2 x)

1 tan 4 x 2 tan 2 x 4 tan 2 x

10

Vidyamandir Classes
=
12.

4 tan x(1 tan 2 x)

= R.H.S.
1 6 tan 2 x tan 4 x

L.H.S. cos 6x

= cos3(2 x)

= 4cos3 2 x 3cos 2 x[cos3 A 4cos 3 A 3cos A]

= 4[(2cos 2 x 1) 3 3(2cos 2 x 1)[cos 2 x 2cos 2 x 1]
= 4[(2cos 2 x) 3 ( 1) 3 3(2cos 2 x) 2 3[2cos 2 x)] 6cos 2 x 3]
= 4[8cos 6 x 1 12cos 4 x 6cos 2 x] 6cos 2 x 3] = 32cos 6 x 4 48cos 4 x 24cos 2 x 6cos 2 x 3
= 32cos 6 x 48cos 4 x 18cos 2 x 1

= R.H.S.

13.

14.

15.

VMC/ Maths
TRIGONOMETRY

11

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Therefore, the general solution is

or n , n z
3
3

16.

17.

VMC/ Maths
TRIGONOMETRY

12

Vidyamandir Classes

18.

19.

Therefore

VMC/ Maths
TRIGONOMETRY

cos 2 x

16
4
or cos x (x lies in 3rd quadrant)
25
5
13

Vidyamandir Classes

x 1- cos x
sin
=

2
2

x
cos

=
2

- 4
1-

3
=
2
10

1 + cos x
=2

- 4
1 +

1
=
2
10

x
sin
x
3 10
2
tan

3.
2 cos x
10 1

Hence

20.

21.

Here, x is in quadrant II.

x
2

i.e.,

x
2

Therefore, sin ,cos

x

4 2 2

x
x
and tan are all positive.
2
2
4
3

It is given that tan x .

2

16 25
4
sec x 1 tan x 1 1
9
9
3
2

cos 2 x

9
25

cos x

As x is in quadrant II, cos x is negative.

cos x

3
5

x 1- cos x
sin
=
=

x
cos

=
2

- 3

1-

2
5

2 5
=
=
2
5
5

1 + cos x
=2

VMC/ Maths
TRIGONOMETRY

- 3

1 +

5
5
=
=
2
5
5

14

3
5

Vidyamandir Classes
x 2

x
2 5 2
tan
2 cos x 1
2 5

sin

22.

In triangle ABC, prove that:

tan

B- C b- c
A
=
cot
2
b +c
2

tan

C - A c- a
B
=
cot
2
c +a
2

tan

A- B a - b
C
=
cot
2
a +b
2

Similarly (ii) and (iii) can be proved.

23.

a sin B C b sin C A c sin A B 0

VMC/ Maths
TRIGONOMETRY

15

Vidyamandir Classes

24.

sin A sin B sin C

=
=
=k
a
b
c
sin A = ka , sin B = kb , sin C = kc
LHS =

sin ( B - C )
sin ( B + C )

sin B cos C - cos B sin C

sin B cos C + cos B sin C

a 2 + b 2 - c 2
a 2 + c 2 - b 2

kb

- kc

2ab
2ac

=
2
2
2
2
2
2
a + b - c

a + c - b

kb

+ kc

2ab
2ac

a 2 + b 2 - c 2
a 2 + c 2 - b 2

/
kb

- kc/

2ab
2ac/

=
2
2
2
2
2
2
a + b - c

a + c - b

/
kb

+ kc/

2ab/
2ac/

( a2 + b2 - c2 ) - ( a 2 + c 2 - b2 )
=

/2/a

( a 2 + b 2 - c 2 ) +( a 2 + c 2 - b 2 )

2(b 2 - c 2 )
2a 2

b2 - c2
a2

/2/a
25.

a 2 +b2
2

a +c

L.H.S. =

b2 - c2
a2

1 + cos ( A - C ) cos B

a 2 b2
a 2 c2
k 2 sin 2 A k 2 sin 2 B
k 2 sin 2 A k 2 sin 2 C

sin 2 A sin 2 B
sin 2 A sin 2 C

1 cos 2 A 1 cos 2 B

2
2
=
1 cos 2 A 1 cos 2C

2
2

2 (cos 2 A cos 2 B)
2 (cos 2 A cos 2C )

2 2cos( A B) cos( A B )
2 2cos( A C ) cos( A C )

1 cos( C ) cos( A B )
1 cos( B )cos( A C )

1 cos( A B) cos C
= R.H.S.
1 cos( A C ) cos B

26.

1 + cos ( A - B ) cos C

sin 2 A +

L.H.S. =
=

c2 - a2
b2

sin 2 B +

a 2 - b2
c2

(Q A B C )

sin 2C = 0

b2 c 2
c2 a2
a2 b2
sin
2
A

sin
2
B

sin 2C
a2
b2
c2
b2 c 2
c2 a2
a2 b2
2sin
A
cos
A

2sin
B
cos
B

2sin C cos C
a2
b2
c2

VMC/ Maths
TRIGONOMETRY

16

Vidyamandir Classes
b 2 c 2
=
2
a

b 2 c 2 a 2
c2 a2
a 2 c 2 b 2
2
ka

2
kb

2bc
b 2
2ac

a 2 b 2

2
c

(b 2 c 2 )(b 2 c 2 a 2 ) (c 2 a 2 )(a 2 c 2 b 2 ) (a 2 b 2 )(a 2 b 2 c 2 )

abc
abc
abc

=k
=

k
[b 4 b 2 c 2 a 2 b 2 b 2 c 2 c 4 a 2 c 2 c 2 a 2 c 4 b 2 c 2 a 4 a 2 c 2 a 2b 2
abc
a 4 a 2 b 2 a 2 c 2 a 2b 2 b 4 b 2 c 2 ] = 0

27.

L.H.S. = a cos A b cos B c cos C

= k sin A cos A k sin B cos B k sin C cos c
Multiply and divide by 2,

k
[sin 2 A sin 2 B sin 2C ]
2
k
[2sin( A B ) cos( A B ) 2sin C cos C ]
2
k
2. [sin( C ) cos( A B) sin C cos C ]
2
k[sin C cos( A B) sin C cos C ]
k sin C[cos( A B ) cos C ]

A B C
A B C
k sin C 2cos
cos

2
2

2 B
2 A
k sin C 2cos
cos

2
2

2k sin C sin B sin A

28.

L.H .S =

= 2a sin B sin C = R.H.S.

cos11+ sin11
cos11- sin11

Divide numerator and denominator by cos11o,

=

1 + tan11
1- tan11

= tan 45o +11o

= tan(56o )

29.

5
1
tan A = , tan B = ,
6
11
tan ( A + B ) =

tan A + tan B
1- tan A tan B

5 1
+
55 + 6 61
tan ( A + B) = 6 11 =
= =1

5
1
66 - 5 61

1-

11

VMC/ Maths
TRIGONOMETRY

17

2 kc

a 2 b2 c 2

2ab

Vidyamandir Classes
( A + B) =
30.

LHS = cos 2 A + cos 2 B - 2 cos A cos B cos ( A + B )

= cos 2 A + cos 2 B - 2 cos A cos B(cos A cos B - sin A sin B)
= cos 2 A + cos 2 B - 2 cos 2 A cos 2 B + 2 cos A cos B sin A sin B
= cos 2 A + cos 2 B - cos 2 A cos 2 B - cos 2 A cos 2 B + 2 cos A cos B sin A sin B

= cos 2 A 1- cos 2 B + cos 2 B 1- cos 2 A + 2 cos A cos B sin A sin B

= cos 2 A sin 2 B + cos 2 B sin 2 A + 2 cos A cos B sin A sin B
= ( sin A cos B + cos A sin B )

= sin 2 ( A + B )
31.

tan 45o = tan 36o + 9o

1=

tan 36o + tan 9o

1- tan 36o tan 9o

1 - tan 36o tan 9o = tan 36o + tan 9o

tan 36o + tan 9 o - tan 36o tan 9o = 1

32.

tan ( A + B )
cot ( A - B)

= tan( A + B) tan( A - B)

tan A + tan B
tan A - tan B

1- tan A tan B 1 + tan A tan B

=

33.

tan 2 A - tan 2 B
1- tan 2 A.tan 2 B

(a) Let = 18

5 90
2 3 90
2 90 3
sin 2 sin(90 3)
sin 2 cos3
2sin 2 cos 4cos3 3cos
Divide by cos

(Q cos18 0)

2sin 4cos 2 3
2sin 4(1 sin 2 ) 3
2sin 4 4sin 2 3
2sin 1 4sin 2
4sin 2 2sin 1 0
VMC/ Maths
TRIGONOMETRY

18

Vidyamandir Classes

(b)

sin

2 4 16
2(4)

sin

2 2 5
8

sin

1 5
4

sin18

1 5
4

sin18

5 1
4

(sin18 0)

cos18 1 sin 2 18

5 1

1
(c)

5 1 2 5
16

10 2 5
10 2 5

16
4

cos36 cos(2 18 ) 1 2sin 2 18

2

1 2

(d)

(Q 18 lies in I quad.)

5 1
16 2(5 1 2 5) 4 4 5

4
16
16

sin 36 1 cos 36 1

34.

Prove that:

5 1

cos36

16 6 2 5
10 2 5

16
4

sec8 - 1 tan 8
=
sec 4 - 1 tan 2

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TRIGONOMETRY

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5 1
4

Vidyamandir Classes
35.

Solve: 2 tan 2 x + sec 2 x = 2 for 0 x 2

36.

3
5
7
1 + cos
1 + cos
1 + cos
1 + cos

Find the value of

8
8
8
8

37.

If and are the solutions of the equation a tan + bsec = c

Given that a tan + bsec = c

( a tan - c ) = b 2 1 + tan 2

a 2 tan 2 - 2ac tan + c 2 = b 2 + b 2 tan 2

a 2 - b 2 tan 2 - 2ac tan + c 2 - b 2 = 0

Since tan and tan are the roots of the equation, so

tan +tan =

2ac
a 2 - b2

and tan tan =

Therefore, tan( + ) =

c 2 - b2
a2 - b2

tan +tan
1- tan tan

2ac
2
2
2ac
a
= 2 - b2 = 2
c - b
a - c2
a2 - b2

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TRIGONOMETRY

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Vidyamandir Classes
38.

3 cos +sin = 2

39.

LHS = sin 20sin 40sin 60sin 80

40.

2
4
8
LHS = cos cos cos cos
5
5
5
5

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TRIGONOMETRY

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Vidyamandir Classes

41.

tan 22 30'
tan 2 A

2 tan A
1 tan 2 A

tan 45

2 tan(2230')
1 tan 2 (22 30')

put A = 22 30'

Let tan 22 30' x

2x
,
1 x2

1 x2 2x

x2 2x 1 0
x

2 8
1 2
2

tan 22 30' 0
42.

tan

tan(22 30') 2 1

m
1
, tan
m 1
2m 1

tan( )

tan tan
1 tan tan

2
1

m 1 2m 1
=
1
m
1

m 1 2m 1
tan( ) 1

43.

L.H.S. =

tan 5 tan 3
tan 5 tan 3

sin(2 4)
sin 2

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TRIGONOMETRY

2m 2 2m 1
2m 2 2m 1

sin 5 cos3 sin 3 cos 5

sin 5 cos3 sin 3 cos 5
=

2m 2 m m 1
2m 2 m 2m 1 m

2sin 4 cos 4
sin 2

sin 5 sin 3

= cos5 cos3
sin 5 sin 3

cos5 cos3
=

sin(5 3)
sin(5 3)
=

sin 8
sin 2

4sin(2) cos 2 cos 4

sin 2
22

Vidyamandir Classes
4cos 2 cos 4 = R.H.S.

44.

L.H.S. =

2 2 2cos 4
1 cos 2 A 2cos 2 A

2 2(1 cos 4)

2 2cos 2

2 2(2cos 2 2)

45.

2(2cos 2 )

= 2cos R.H.S.

cos x
L.H.S. =
1 sin x

x
2
=

1 cos x
2

2(1 cos 2)

sin

x
x
cos

2 2
4 2
x
2cos 2
4 2

2sin

A
A
Q sin A 2sin 2 cos 2

2 A
cos A 1 2cos 2

x
= R.H.S.
4 2

tan
46.

Prove that: cos A cos 2 A cos 4 A cos8 A =

sin16 A
16sin A

L.H.S. = cos A cos 2 A cos 4 A cos8 A

Multiply & divide by 2sin A

47.

1
(2sin A cos A) cos 2 A cos 4 A cos8 A
2sin A

1
(sin 2 A cos 2 A) cos 4 A cos8 A
2sin A

1
(2sin 2 A cos 2 A) cos 4 A cos8 A
4sin A

1
(sin 4 A cos 4 A) cos8 A
4sin A

1
(2sin 4 A cos 4 A) cos8 A
8sin A

1
sin 8 A cos8 A
8sin A

1
(2sin 8 A cos8 A)
16sin A

sin16 A
= R.H.S.
16sin A

Prove that sin10sin 30sin 50sin 70=

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TRIGONOMETRY

1
16

23

Vidyamandir Classes
L.H.S. = sin10 sin 30 sin 50 sin 70

1
sin 30
2

1
(sin10 sin 50 )sin 70
2
1
(2sin10 sin 50 )sin 70
4

1
cos 40 cos 60 sin 70
4

1
1

cos 70 cos 40 sin 70

4
2

1
2sin 70 cos 40 sin 70
8

1
sin110 sin 30 sin 70
8

1
sin(180 70) sin 30 sin 70
8

1
1

sin 70 sin 70
8
2

48.

1
= R.H.S.
16

Prove that tan. tan (60 - ).tan (60 + ) =tan 3

LHS = tan.tan (60 - ).tan (60 + )

tan 60o - tan
tan 60 o +tan

= tan.
.

o
o

1 + tan 60 tan 1 - tan 60 tan

3 - tan
3 +tan

= tan.
.

1
+
3
tan
1
3
tan

3 - tan2

= tan.

1- 3 tan2

3 tan - tan 3

= tan 3

1- 3 tan2

49.

- 3 3

,
Graph of tan x in

2 2

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TRIGONOMETRY

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Vidyamandir Classes
50.

tan x + sec x = 3
sin x
1
+
= 3
cos x cos x
sin x +1
= 3
cos x
3 cos x - sin x = 1
Divide both sides by 2, we get
3
1
1
cos x - sin x =
2
2
2

1
cos cos x - sin sin x =
6
6
2

cos
= cos
x +

x + = 2n
6
3

x = 2n 3 6

x = 2n + , 2 n 6
2

=cos
cos = cos
n -
2

=0 , which is not wanted.

Therefore solution is = 2n +

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TRIGONOMETRY

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