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Volume: 2 Issue: 5
ISSN: 2321-8169
1255 1259
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Dipanshu N. Masalkar,
Research Student
Abstract Detection and classification of tumor from MRI brain image is becoming most challenging area to research. This paper describe the
proposed system for brain tumor detection and classification along with the help of Artificial neural network. This proposed system includes
several steps segmentation for tumor detection , feature extraction , dimensionality reduction of extracted feature for removing redundant
features and classification of tumor. Previously this decision is taken manually by humans with the help of MR (Magnetic resonance) or CT
(Computerized Tomography) scan image of brain. But the time require for this is more and result may not be accurate. Image may contain some
noise due to error in machine performance which will result in inaccuracy and becomes hazardous to patient suffering from this disease.
Artificial intelligence and image processing have enormous growth in medical research field with the help of neural network and fuzzy logic. In
this paper Probabilistic Neural Network is used for decision making which is followed by Image Preprocessing with Gaussian Filter Method,
Image segmentation and detection by using Threshold Based Segmentation Method, Feature extraction by Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix
(GLCM)features, and Dimensionality reduction by Principal Component Analysis. Main advantage of this method is that it will give fast and
accurate result with the help of training data set and it reduces time and computation power.
Keywords- Brain tumor classification, Probabilistic Neural Network, Gaussian Filter, Gray Threshold Based Segmentation, Gray Level Cooccurrence Matrix, Principal Component Analysis.
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I.
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE SURVEY
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ISSN: 2321-8169
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Discrete cosine transform for segmentation and Probabilistic
neural network for classification is developed in matlab by
author D. Sridhar and evaluation was performed on 20 set of
images dividing in to different combination of test set and
training set of data.
Where as PCA for feature extraction is used along with the
PNN by author Mohd Fauzi Othman and evaluation was
performed on 20 set of images .In system proposed by author
C. Nageswara rao NN and K-NN classifier is used for
classification. In this double classification is used for accuracy
check . where accuracy given by NN is from 66% to 98.2 %
and by K-NN 80% to 100%. Where in some system SVM is
used for classification.
Reference [4] and [5] explained the different ANN algorithm
for the brain image classification.
III.
Preprocessing By
Gaussian Filter
Preprocessing By
Gaussian Filter
Threshold Based
segmentation
PROPOSED METHOD
Dimensionality Reduction By
PCA
PNN Classifier
Result
A. Gaussian Filter
Sometimes images captured are corrupted and contains
noise due to random variations in intensity, illumination, or
have poor contrast and cant be used directly. So to remove
the noise from MR image Gaussian Filter is used. Therefore
transformation of pixel intensity values to obtain certain
image characteristics, enhancement for improving contrast and
Smoothing to remove noises as well as template matching to
detectsknown patterns can be done by using Gaussian filter
method. In general sliding mean or box filter noise reduction
method is used in which the pixel value is replaced by the
mean of neighbouring pixel values. Gaussian Filter method is
similar to this but neighbouring pixel values is given with
different weighting defined by spatial Gaussian distribution.
In this method the Gaussian function at every point of image is
non zero which means that each pixel of image is calculated
using this method.
Formula for calculating value of pixel value for 2-D Gaussian
Filter is as fallows [13].
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ISSN: 2321-8169
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multiple threshold values are used to represent pixel intensity.
And it is given by
Correlation=
Where
is the mean and
of GLCM x row and y column.
This
should be passed through the activation node
calculated by formula given below.
3. Submission layer
Output from pattern is given to the submission node. It
simply gives the submissions of activated class pattern. And it
is given by following formula.
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Where N is number of training set example is hidden node
activation is smoothing factor.
Feature vector of training and test set of data will be the
input to the PNN classifier, following are steps of PNN
algorithm
Feature vector of training set is available and the class to
which it belongs is defined.
The following are the steps for setting up the PNN.
1. Read in the feature vector and the defined class number.
2. Sort them into the x sets where each set should contain
single class of vectors.
3. Gaussian function to be defined for each x set which will
concentrate on each feature vector in set x. Define the summed
Gaussian output function.
Once the PNN is set, then feature vector from test data set is
given to it for classification as follows.
1. Gaussian function in each class to be fed by input feature
vector.
2. Gaussian functional values are computed at the hidden
nodes from each set of hidden node.
3. Gaussian functional values of hidden set of node is fed to
the single outputnode for that group
4. At each class output node, submission all of the inputs is
done and multiply by constant
5. Output node will find maximum value of all functional
values that is summed.
V.
Equivalent Image
1)
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ISSN: 2321-8169
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VI.
CONCLUSION
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my deep gratitude to Mr. Shitole A. S.
my research guide, for his patient guidance enthusiastic
encouragement and useful critiques for this research work. I
would also like to thank Prof. B. B. Gite(Head of Department)
and Prof. L.J.Sankpal(M.E Co-ordinator) for their advice and
assistance in keeping my progress on schedule. Finally, I wish
to thank my parents for their support and encouragement
throughout my study.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
REFERENCES
D. SRIDHAR and N. MURALI KRISHNA Brain
Tumor Classification U sing Discrete Cosine
Transform and Probabilistic Neural Network 2013
International Conference on Signal Processing, Image
Processing and Pattern Recognition,978-1-46734862-1/13/$31.00 2013 IEEE
Mohd Fauzi Othman and Mohd Ariffanan Mohd
Basri Probabilistic Neural NetworkFor Brain Tumor
Classification , 2011 Second International
Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and
Simulation, 978-0-7695-4336-9/11 $26.00 2011
IEEE.
C.Nageswara Rao, S.Sreehari Sastry,K.Mallika, Ha
Sie Tiong and K.B.MahalakshmiCo-Occurrence
Matrix and Its Statistical Features as an Approach for
Identification Of Phase Transitions Of Mesogens,
International Journal of Innovative Research in
Science, Engineering and Technology, ISSN: 23198753
Amer Al-Badarneh, Hassan Najadat, Ali M. Alraziqi
A Classifier to Detect Tumor Disease in MRI Brain
Images, 2012 IEEE/ACM International Conference
on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and
Mining, 978-0-7695-4799-2/12 $26.00 2012 IEEE.
P.
Jeatrakul
and
K.W.
Wong
ComparingthePerformanceofDifferentNeuralNetwor
ksforBinaryClassificationProblems,
2009Eighth
International Symposium onNatural Language
Processing
J.
Papitha,
G.
Merlin
Nancyand
D.
Nedumaran,Member,
IEEE
Compression
Techniques onMR ImageA ComparativeStudy,
International conference on Communicationand
Signal Processing, April 3-5, 2013, India.
[11]
[12]
[13]
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