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Lecture 1
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.q a ys m
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Research: An Introduction
Recommended Books
M
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az I rch ad
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m -K al ee
.q a ys m
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hi i Le re
@
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Introduction to Research
Understanding and Applying Multiple Strategies
2015-Fifth Edition (Elizabeth DePoy, Laura N. Gitlin):
(ELSEVIER)
Research Methods
(Michael W. Passer)
2014 by Worth Publishers, Macmillan Higher Education
Recommended Books
Research Methods for Business Students
M
R uh
em
es am
ea m
ai
l:
az I rch ad
ee BT An Az
m -K al ee
.q a ys m
ur ra t
es ch & Qu
hi i Le re
@
ct sh
ur i
ho
er
tm
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l.c
om
Research Methodology
Research
M
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az I rch ad
ee BT An Az
m -K al ee
.q a ys m
ur ra t
es ch & Qu
hi i Le re
@
ct sh
ur i
ho
er
tm
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Scientific Knowledge
knowledge
refers
M
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az I rch ad
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m -K al ee
.q a ys m
ur ra t
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hi i Le re
@
ct sh
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tm
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Scientific
to
M
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az I rch ad
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m -K al ee
.q a ys m
ur ra t
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hi i Le re
@
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A method of
observation,
Purposiveness
Rigor (Exactitude & Carefulness)
Testability
Replicability
Precision and Confidence (Closesnes of
findings to reality & Estimations are
correct)
Objectivity
Generalizability
Parsimony (Simplicity)
Theory
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.q a ys m
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Theory (Continue)
It may also be described as a system of generalizable
M
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az I rch ad
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m -K al ee
.q a ys m
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hi i Le re
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and
predicting.
(explanation
through
Theory (Continue)
theoretical areas.
M
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m -K al ee
.q a ys m
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store design. He may also find theories that deal with the wavelength of
different colors, affective response to colors, or those that explain retail
atmospherics. This may lead to the specific prediction that blue is the most
effective background color for a Web site.
Laws
are
systematic
explanations
of
the
the
theoretical
and
M
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az I rch ad
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m -K al ee
.q a ys m
ur ra t
es ch & Qu
hi i Le re
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operate
empirical
levels
However,
They
cannot
be
taught
but
rather
learnt
though
Abductive Reasoning
Abductive reasoning typically begins with an incomplete set of
and
proceeds
to
the
M
R uh
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az I rch ad
ee BT An Az
m -K al ee
.q a ys m
ur ra t
es ch & Qu
hi i Le re
@
ct sh
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tm
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observations
likeliest
possible
Abductive Reasoning
A medical diagnosis is an application of abductive reasoning:
M
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az I rch ad
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m -K al ee
.q a ys m
ur ra t
es ch & Qu
hi i Le re
@
ct sh
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tm
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Tenacity
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az I rch ad
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m -K al ee
.q a ys m
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hi i Le re
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AUTHORITY
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az I rch ad
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m -K al ee
.q a ys m
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AUTHORITY (Continue)
M
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az I rch ad
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m -K al ee
.q a ys m
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hi i Le re
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REASON
M
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az I rch ad
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m -K al ee
.q a ys m
ur ra t
es ch & Qu
hi i Le re
@
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tm
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M
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ea m
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az I rch ad
ee BT An Az
m -K al ee
.q a ys m
ur ra t
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hi i Le re
@
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REASON (Continue)
M
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az I rch ad
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m -K al ee
.q a ys m
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hi i Le re
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EMPIRICISM
M
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az I rch ad
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m -K al ee
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EMPIRICISM (Continue)
M
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az I rch ad
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m -K al ee
.q a ys m
ur ra t
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hi i Le re
@
ct sh
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tm
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EMPIRICISM (Continue)
M
R uh
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es am
ea m
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az I rch ad
ee BT An Az
m -K al ee
.q a ys m
ur ra t
es ch & Qu
hi i Le re
@
ct sh
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ho
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tm
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EMPIRICISM (Continue)
M
R uh
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es am
ea m
ai
l:
az I rch ad
ee BT An Az
m -K al ee
.q a ys m
ur ra t
es ch & Qu
hi i Le re
@
ct sh
ur i
ho
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tm
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Conclusion
M
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az I rch ad
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m -K al ee
.q a ys m
ur ra t
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definitions of Research
1. It places emphasis upon the discovery of general principles.
3. It is an exact systematic and accurate investigation.
4. It uses certain valid data gathering devices.
5. It is logical and objective.
M
R uh
em
es am
ea m
ai
l:
az I rch ad
ee BT An Az
m -K al ee
.q a ys m
ur ra t
es ch & Qu
hi i Le re
@
ct sh
ur i
ho
er
tm
ai
l.c
om
M
R uh
em
es am
ea m
ai
l:
az I rch ad
ee BT An Az
m -K al ee
.q a ys m
ur ra t
es ch & Qu
hi i Le re
@
ct sh
ur i
ho
er
tm
ai
l.c
om
M
R uh
em
es am
ea m
ai
l:
az I rch ad
ee BT An Az
m -K al ee
.q a ys m
ur ra t
es ch & Qu
hi i Le re
@
ct sh
ur i
ho
er
tm
ai
l.c
om