Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Iegmubetter
Perspective
Characteristics of strategic decisions:
Rare
Consequential
Directive
Iegmubetter
Perspective
In God we trust;
All others bring data
Jangan terjebak retorika dalam analisis!
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
Iegmubetter
Basic Concepts
Environmental
Scanning:
Gathering
Information
Strategy
Formulation:
Developing Longrange Plans
Strategy
Evaluation &
Implementation:
Control:
Putting Strategy
Monitoring
into Action
Performance
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Environmental
Variables
Internal
Environment
Employees/
union
Structure,
culture,
resources
Competitors
al
ic
lit
Trade
Associations
-L
eg
Communities
al
ce
Te
c
r
Fo
hn
Fo olo
rc gic
es a
l
al
tu
r
ul
-c
cio
s
ce
Suppliers
r
Fo
Po
Creditors
ic
Customers
om
Special
interest
groups
Shareholders
on
Task Environment
(Industry)
Governments
So
Ec
Fo
rc
e
Societal Environment
s
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
Iegmubetter
Societal Environment
Economic forces
Technological forces
Political-legal forces
Socio-cultural forces
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Technological
GDP trends
Interest rates
Money supply
Inflation rates
Unemployment levels
Wage/price controls
Devaluation/revaluation
Energy availability and cost
Disposable and discretionary
income
Currency markets
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
Iegmubetter
Economic
...
Technological
Productivity improvements
Internet availability
Telecommunication
infrastructure
Computer hacking activity
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
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Socio-cultural
Antitrust regulation
Environmental protection
laws
Tax laws
Special incentives
Foreign trade regulations
Attitudes toward foreign
companies
Laws on hiring and
promotion
Stability of government
Outsourcing regulation
Foreign sweat shops
Lifestyle changes
Career expectations
Consumer activism
Rate of family formation
Growth rate of population
Age distribution of
population
Regional shifts in population
Life expectancies
Birthrates
Pension plans
Health care
Level of education
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
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Economic
Economic development
Per capita income
Climate
GDP trends
Monetary and fiscal
policies
Unemployment levels
Currency convertibility
Wage levels
Economic...
Nature of competition
Membership in regional
economic associations,
e.g. EU, ASEAN, NAFTA
Membership in World
Trade Organization (WTO)
Outsourcing capability
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
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Technological
Regulation on technology
transfer
Energy availability/cost
Natural resource
availability
Transportation network
Skill level of workforce
Patent-trademark
protection
Technological...
Internet availability
Telecommunication
infrastructure
Computer hacking
technology
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
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Political-Legal
Form of government
Political ideology
Tax laws
Stability of government
Government attitude
toward foreign companies
Regulations on foreign
ownership of assets
Strength of opposition
groups
Political-Legal...
Trade regulations
Protectionist sentiment
Foreign policies
Terrorist activity
Legal system
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
Iegmubetter
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Competitor
Analysis
Community
Analysis
Interest Group
Analysis
Supplier
Analysis
Selection of Strategic
Factors
Opportunities
Threats
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Government
Analysis
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Medium
Low
High
High
Priority
High
Priority
Medium
Priority
Medium
High
Priority
Medium
Priority
Low
Priority
Medium
Priority
Low
Priority
Low
Priority
Low
Probability of Occurrence
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
Iegmubetter
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Industry Analysis
Porters Approach
Potential
Entrants
Others
Stakeholders
Relative power of
unions,
governments,
special interest
groups, etc.
Rivalry Among
Existing Firms
Suppliers
Bargaining power
of suppliers
Bargaining
power of
buyers
Buyers
Threat of substitute
products or services
Substitutes
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
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Economic of scale
Product differentiation
Capital requirements
Switching costs
Access to distribution channels
Government policy
Cost disadvantages independent of size
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
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Strategic Groups
Red Lobster
Olive Garden
ChiChis
Price
KFC
Pizza Hut
Long John Silver
Low
Shoneys
Dennys
Country Kitchen
Taco Bell
McDonalds
Burger King
Arbys
Limited menu
Product-line Breadth
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
Full menu
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Strategic Types
Defenders
Prospectors
Analyzers
Reactors
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Product Leadership
Product differentiation
Customer responsive
Operational competence
Operational Excellence
Best Total Cost
Customer Intimacy
Best Total Solution
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
Iegmubetter
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Internal Scanning:
Organizational Analysis
Subagyo
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Review
Environmental
Scanning:
Gathering
Information
Strategy
Formulation:
Developing Longrange Plans
Strategy
Evaluation &
Implementation:
Control:
Putting Strategy
Monitoring
into Action
Performance
Iegmubetter
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Internal:
Strengths and Weaknesses
Structure:
Chain of command
Culture:
Beliefs
Expectations
Values
Resources:
Assets
Skills
Competencies
Knowledge
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
Iegmubetter
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Beberapa Istilah
Resources
Organizations assets (physical and non physical assets)
Capabilities
Corporations ability to exploit its resources (turning input into
output)
Competency
A cross-functional integration and coordination of capabilities
Core Competency
Avon: expertise in door-to-door selling
FedEx: application of information technology to all its operation
Distinctive competencies
When core competencies are superior to those of the competition.
Toyota: Efficiency, General Electric: Management development
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
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VRIO framework
(to evaluate a firms competencies)
Value:
Rareness:
Imitability:
Organization:
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Evaluasi S-W:
Faktor strategis
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
Iegmubetter
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4.
5.
26
Durability
Imitability
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VALUE
Kunci:
Keluar dari Comfort Zone
Era I:
Price = Cost + Profit
Era II:
Profit = Price Cost
Era III:
Sukses = Quality (VI)
=qcdsme
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
Iegmubetter
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Knowledge
Explicit knowledge
Tacit knowledge
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Continuum of Resource
Sustainability
Level of Resource Sustainability
High
(Hard to imitate)
Slow-Cycle Resources
-Strongly shielded
-Patents, brand name
Low
(Easy to imitate)
Standard-Cycle
Resources
Fast-Cycle Resources
-Standardized mass
production
-Idea driven
-Easily duplicated
-Economics of scale
-Complicated
processes
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
Iegmubetter
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Support Activities
Profit
Margin
Procurement
(purchasing of raw materials, machines, supplies)
Inbound
Logistics
(raw materials
handling and
warehousing)
Operations
(machining,
assembling,
testing)
!
!
Outbound
Logistics
(warehousing
& distribution
of finished
product)
Marketing &
Sales
(advertising,
promotion,
pricing,
channel
relations)
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
Primary Activities
Service
(Installation,
repair, parts)
!
!
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Corporate Culture
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
Iegmubetter
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Tugas
Lakukan riset berbasis internet terhadap sebuah
perusahaan dan susun laporan (maksimum 15
halaman) yang menjawab:
1.
2.
3.
Petunjuk:
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Creative-Productive-Efficient
Iegmubetter
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